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Cardiorespiratory fitness and socioeconomic influences in Chilean schoolchildren: a cross-sectional study
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Yáñez-Sepúlveda, Rodrigo

; Clemente-Suárez, Vicente Javier

; Souza-Lima, Josivaldo de

; Ferrari, Gerson

; Hurtado-Almonacid, Juan

; Zavala-Crichton, Juan Pablo

; Hinojosa-Torres, Claudio

; Reyes-Amigo, Tomás

; Páez-Herrera, Jacqueline

; Cortés-Roco, Guillermo

; Valdivia-Moral, Pedro

; Olivares-Arancibia, Jorge

; Mahecha-Matsudo, Sandra

Jornal de Pediatria

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dec 2024, Volume 100 N. 6 Pages 660 - 666

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Objective To compare the cardiovascular risk and physical fitness, according to type of school in a national sample of Chilean school students. Methods A total of 7,218 students participated, who completed all the national tests of the National System for Measuring the Quality of Education, which included physical fitness and anthropometric tests. The results were compared according to the type of educational establishment and anthropometric indicators were considered. Physical fitness was measured by lower extremity strength, abdominal strength, upper extremity strength, trunk flexibility, exertional heart rate, and cardiorespiratory fitness. Body mass index, heart rate, and waist-to-height ratio were analyzed as predictors of cardiovascular risk. Results There were differences according to the type of establishment in the predictors of cardiovascular risk (p < 0.05). Differences were also found in the physical fitness tests evaluated (p < 0.01). Students in private schools (PSC) and subsidized schools (SC) had lower levels of cardiovascular risk and higher levels of physical fitness than public schools (PS) and schools with delegated administration (DA). Conclusions In conclusion, students in educational establishments with a higher socioeconomic level have lower levels of cardiovascular risk and better physical fitness than students in public establishments. The authors suggest considering specific school interventions to mitigate cardiovascular risk and improve physical fitness among this vulnerable population. To this end, future studies should analyze the characteristics of physical activity and nutritional habits in schools to determine the factors that affect the results.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jped.2024.06.010

Fungal coinfection/superinfection in COVID-19 patients in a tertiary hospital in Mexico
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García-Salazar, Eduardo

; Benavidez-López, Sandra

; Bonifaz, Alexandro

; Hernández-Mendoza, Emma Alejandra

; Ramírez-Magaña, Xóchitl

; Reyes-Montes, María del Rocío

; Duarte-Escalante, Esperanza

; Acosta-Altamirano, Gustavo

; Frías-De-León, María Guadalupe

Biomédica

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sep 2024, Volume 44 N. 3 Pages 328 - 339

Abstract: Es En | Text: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

RESUMEN Introducción. Los datos sobre la prevalencia de coinfecciones o sobreinfecciones fúngicas en pacientes con COVID-19 son limitados. Objetivo. Describir la prevalencia de coinfecciones o sobreinfecciones fúngicas en pacientes con COVID-19, así como los factores de riesgo y las características demográficas, clínicas y microbiológicas. Material y métodos. Se incluyeron pacientes con diagnóstico confirmado de COVID-19, hospitalizados en la unidad de cuidados intensivos y con infección fúngica confirmada entre marzo del 2020 y diciembre del 2021. Del expediente clínico se obtuvieron datos sobre edad, sexo, comorbilidades, días de estancia hospitalaria, resultados de laboratorio (ferritina) y microbiológicos, tratamiento contra COVID-19, terapia antifúngica y desenlace. Resultados. Once de 740 pacientes cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. La tasa de coinfección fue del 0,3 % y la de sobreinfección fue del 1,2 %. La población más afectada fue la de hombres adultos. Las coinfecciones o sobreinfecciones diagnosticadas fueron candiduria y candidemia, causadas por Candida albicans, C. tropicalis, C. glabrata, C. lusitaniae y Kluyveromyces marxianus (C. kefyr). Además, se encontró una traqueobronquitis por Aspergillus fumigatus. Los antifúngicos más administrados fueron fluconazol y caspofungina. La letalidad en pacientes con coinfecciones fue del 50 % y con sobreinfecciones fúngicas, del 22 %. El tiempo de estancia intrahospitalaria fue de 11 a 65 días. Ocho de los pacientes requirieron asistencia respiratoria mecánica y seis recibieron corticoides. La principal comorbilidad fue diabetes mellitus (81,8 %). Conclusiones. La tasa de coinfecciones o sobreinfecciones por hongos en pacientes con COVID-19 fue baja, pero la letalidad de estas requiere, con urgencia, la realización de pruebas de rutina para detectar hongos en pacientes con COVID-19 grave para diagnosticar oportunamente infecciones fúngicas que puedan comprometer aún más la vida del paciente.

ABSTRACT Introduction. Data on the prevalence of fungal coinfections/superinfections in patients with COVID-19 are limited. Objective. To describe the prevalence of fungal coinfections/superinfections in patients with COVID-19, as well as risk factors and demographic, clinical, and microbiological characteristics. Material and methods. We included patients with a confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis and a confirmed fungal infection hospitalized in the ICU from March 2020 to December 2021. We collected data on age, sex, comorbidities, hospital length of stay (days), laboratory (ferritin) and microbiological results, treatment for COVID-19, antifungal therapy, and outcomes obtained from the clinical records. Results. Only 11 out of 740 patients met the inclusion criteria. The coinfection rate was 0.3% and the superinfection was 1.2%. The most affected population was male adults. The coinfections/superinfections diagnosed were candiduria and candidemia, caused by Candida albicans, C. tropicalis, C. glabrata, C. lusitaniae, and Kluyveromyces marxianus (C. kefyr). In addition, tracheobronchitis due to Aspergillus fumigatus was found. The most used antifungals were fluconazole and caspofungin. The lethality in patients with fungal coinfections was 50% and superinfections, 22%. The length of hospital stay was 11-65 days. Eight patients required mechanical ventilation and six received corticosteroids. The main comorbidity was diabetes mellitus (81.8%). Conclusions. The rate of fungal coinfections/superinfections in COVID-19 patients was low, but the lethality found urges for routine fungal screening in patients with severe COVID-19 to timely detect fungal infections that may further compromise the patient's life.

https://doi.org/10.7705/biomedica.7251

Evidencias neurofisiológicas de reorganización cortical antes y después de implante coclear en niños con pérdida sensorial dual
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Charroó Ruíz, Lidia Esther

; Valdés Sosa, Mitchell

; Pérez Abalo, Maria Cecilia

; Paz Cordovés, Antonio

; Bermejo Guerra, Sandra

; Sevila Salas, Manuel

; Galán García, Lídice

; Álvarez Amador, Alfredo

; Calzada Reyes, Ana

; Hernández Mesa, Nibaldo

Anales de la Academia de Ciencias de Cuba

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mar 2024, Volume 14 N. 1 elocation e1527

Abstract: Es En | Text: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

RESUMEN Introducción: Estudios de neuroplasticidad evidencian que redes neurales cambian en ausencia de entradas sensoriales, auditivas o visuales, sin embargo, apenas se conoce qué ocurre cuando ambas modalidades sensoriales están dañadas. Objetivo: Evaluar la reorganización cortical pre- y postimplante coclear en niños con pérdida sensorial dual. Métodos: Estudio explicativo, experimental, longitudinal y prospectivo de niños con pérdida sensorial dual con 2 grupos controles (niños sanos y sordos), de enero de 2005 a diciembre de 2011. La evaluación neurofisiológica incluye potenciales evocados somatosensorial (N-20), auditivos corticales (P1 y P300) y coherencia-electroencefalográfica. Se determina la correlación entre los hallazgos neurofisiológicos y variables clínicas-audiológicas. Resultados: Se ofrece, por primera vez, evidencias de reorganización cortical en niños con pérdida sensorial dual a partir de un estudio con diferentes tipos de pruebas neurofisiológicas. La extensa activación del potencial somatosensorial en regiones parieto-temporo-occipitales izquierdas revierte tras la habilitación auditiva con implante coclear, a menos que existan enfermedades asociadas, en cuyo caso N-20 se expande aún más. Otras medidas neurofisiológicas: P1, P300 y coherencia-electroencefalográfica, de conjunto con el potencial somato, muestran cuanto impacta la pérdida sensorial dual en la actividad cortical. Niños con pérdida sensorial dual se benefician con el uso prolongado del implante, es mayor en los niños implantados con menos de 7 años sin reorganización cortical antes de recibir el implante. Los cambios neuroplásticos parecen expresión de la importancia de la información somestésica en niños con pérdida sensorial dual. Las evidencias de reorganización cortical encuentran aplicación inmediata al contribuir a la evaluación diagnóstica, tratamiento y seguimiento de niños que asisten al Programa cubano de implantes cocleares. Conclusiones: Medidas neurofisiológicas no tradicionales en la clínica-audiológica, como los potenciales somatosensoriales, P300, P1 y coherencia-electroencefalográfica resultan útiles para evaluar cambios neuroplásticos en niños con pérdida sensorial dual, donde su comprensión respalda la necesidad de disminuir la edad de implantación.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Neuroplasticity studies show that neural networks, such as hearing or vision change in the absence of sensory input, however, little is known about what happens when both sensory modalities are impaired. Objetive: To assess the cortical reorganization pre and postcochlear implantation in children with dual sensory loss. Methods: Experimental, longitudinal and prospective study of children with dual sensory loss with two control groups (healthy and deaf children), from January 2005 to December 2011. The neurophysiological evaluation includes somatosensory evoked potentials (N-20), cortical auditory (P1 and P300) and electroencephalographic coherence. It is determined the correlation between neurophysiological findings and clinical-audiological variables. Results: It is offered evidence of cortical reorganization in children with dual sensory loss for the first time produced by a study with different types of neurophysiological tests. The extensive activation of somatosensory potential in parieto-temporo-occipital left regions reverts after auditory habilitation with a cochlear implant, unless there are associated diseases, in which case N-20 expands further. Other neurophysiological measures: P1, P300 and electroencephalographic coherence, together with somatosensory potential, show how much dual sensory loss impacts cortical activity. Children with dual sensory loss benefit from prolonged use of the implant, greater in children implanted under seven years of age without cortical reorganization before receiving the implant. The neuroplastic changes seem to be an expression of the importance of somesthetic information in children with dual sensory loss. Evidence of cortical reorganization finds immediate application by contributing to the diagnostic evaluation, treatment, and follow up of children who attend the Cuban Program of Cochlear Implants. Conclusions: Non-traditional neurophysiological measures in the audiological clinic, such as somatosensory potentials, P300, P1 and electroencephalographic coherence, are useful for evaluating neuroplastic changes in children with dual sensory loss, where their understanding supports the need to reduce the age of implantation.

Perspectivas de la educación inclusiva desde la Dirección Provincial de Educación
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Ramírez Hernández, Sandra

; García Reyes, Olivia

; Rivera Verdecia, Liset

Mendive. Revista de Educación

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mar 2024, Volume 22 N. 1 elocation e3554

Abstract: Es En Pt | Text: Es En Pt | PDF: Es | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

RESUMEN Llevar a cabo un proceso de inclusión educativa de calidad en las sociedades actuales constituye un reto que parte de pugnar maneras discriminatorias de exclusión en diferentes contextos y por disímiles causas, en las que concurren paralelamente los factores de riesgos, la falta de preparación de los implicados en la búsqueda de soluciones y la asimilación de los educandos ante la ayuda. En tal sentido, el artículo presenta un estudio acerca de la preparación de los metodólogos provinciales de educación para la atención a educandos en situación de vulnerabilidad desde un enfoque inclusivo. Se emplearon en su elaboración métodos teóricos como el análisis histórico-lógico, la inducción-deducción y el análisis-síntesis; métodos empíricos como el análisis documental, la entrevista y la observación a actividades metodológicas; y técnicas estadísticas como el análisis porcentual. Entre las principales limitaciones encontradas estuvieron las insuficiencias en la proyección de prácticas socioeducativas inclusivas desde el sistema de trabajo metodológico de la Dirección Provincial de Educación. Actualmente, no existe un sistema armónicamente diseñado que permita convertir los sistemas educativos en respuesta a la diversidad de educandos y hacer verdaderamente práctico el derecho a la educación con igualdad de oportunidades, en especial para aquellos que por estar en situación de vulnerabilidad en ocasiones son excluidos. Se pudo concluir que los metodólogos juegan un papel fundamental en la dirección del proceso de prevención, detección, estimulación, diagnóstico/evaluación e intervención temprana de educandos con barreras para el aprendizaje y la participación social.

ABSTRACT Carrying out a process of quality educational inclusion in today's societies constitutes a challenge that starts from fighting discriminatory ways of exclusion in different contexts and for dissimilar causes, in which risk factors concur in parallel, the lack of preparation of those involved in the search for solutions and the assimilation of the students before the aid. In this sense the article presents a study about the preparation of provincial education methodologists for the care of students in vulnerable situations from an inclusive approach. Theoretical methods such as historical-logical analysis, induction-deduction and analysis-synthesis were used in its elaboration; empirical methods such as documentary analysis, interview and observation of methodological activities; and statistical techniques such as percentage analysis. Among the main limitations found were the insufficiencies in the projection of inclusive socio-educational practices from the methodological work system of the Provincial Directorate of Education; currently, there is no harmoniously designed system that allows converting educational systems in response to the diversity of learners and making the right to education with equal opportunities truly practical, especially those who are sometimes excluded due to being in a situation of vulnerability. It was possible to conclude that methodologists play a fundamental role in directing the process of prevention, detection, stimulation, diagnosis/evaluation and early intervention of students with barriers to learning and social participation.

RESUMO Levar a cabo um processo de inclusão educativa de qualidade nas sociedades atuais constitui um desafio que parte do combate às formas discriminatórias de exclusão em contextos diversos e por causas díspares, em que concorrem em paralelo fatores de risco, a falta de preparação dos envolvidos na procura de soluções e a assimilação dos alunos perante a ajuda. Nesse sentido, o artigo apresenta um estudo sobre a preparação de metodólogos provinciais de educação para a atenção de alunos em situação de vulnerabilidade a partir de um enfoque inclusivo. Métodos teóricos como análise histórico-lógica, indução-dedução e análise-síntese foram utilizados em sua elaboração; métodos empíricos como análise documental, entrevistas e observação de atividades metodológicas; e técnicas estatísticas, como análise de porcentagem. Entre as principais limitações encontradas encontram-se as insuficiências na projeção de práticas socioeducativas inclusivas a partir do sistema metodológico de trabalho da Direcção Provincial de Educação; atualmente, não existe um sistema pensado harmoniosamente que permita converter os sistemas educativos em resposta à diversidade dos educandos e tornar verdadeiramente prático o direito à educação com igualdade de oportunidades, especialmente aqueles que por vezes são excluídos por se encontrarem em situação de vulnerabilidade. Foi possível concluir que os metodólogos desempenham um papel fundamental no direcionamento do processo de prevenção, detecção, estimulação, diagnóstico/avaliação e intervenção precoce de alunos com barreiras à aprendizagem e à participação social.

Edaphic silicon nutrition of tomato biostimulates their growth, yield and antioxidant composition under greenhouse conditions
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Reyes-Pérez, Juan José

; Murillo-Noboa, Kevin Patricio

; Murillo-Amador, Bernardo

; Hernández-Montiel, Luis Guillermo

; Maciel-Torres, Sandra Patricia

; Rivas-Garcia, Tomas

Horticultura Brasileira

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2024, Volume 42 elocation e276481

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO O silício (Si) exerce múltiplos benefícios às culturas. A maioria dos estudos sobre Si foi realizada aplicando algum tipo de estresse. Sugeriu-se que a resposta positiva do Si é determinada pelo grau de estresse na planta. Há pouca informação sobre o efeito do silício na planta na ausência de fator de estresse induzido. O objetivo do estudo foi determinar o efeito do Si edáfico no crescimento, produção e concentração de antioxidantes em tomateiro em casa de vegetação sem estresse induzido. Os tratamentos foram três doses de Si (0,06, 0,12 e 0,18 g/planta) e uma testemunha (0,0 g/planta). Os tratamentos foram distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com quatro repetições. A adição de Si nas plantas de tomate aumentou a produção de biomassa, o número de frutos e a produtividade. Além disso, nos tratamentos com maior dose de Si, a concentração de antioxidantes aumentou, assim como a capacidade antioxidante total. Sugere-se incluir Si nos programas de fertilização do tomate como uma alternativa sustentável para melhorar o crescimento e a produtividade das culturas.

ABSTRACT Silicon (Si) has multiple benefits in crops. Most of the studies on Si have been carried out by applying some type of stress. It has even been suggested that the positive response of Si is determined by the degree of stress in the plant, and there is little information on Si and its effect on the plant when there is no induced stress factor. The objective of the study was to determine the effect of edaphic Si on the growth, production and concentration of antioxidants in tomato under greenhouse conditions without induced stress. The treatments were three doses of Si (0.06, 0.12 and 0.18 g/plant) and a control (0.0 g/plant). The treatments were distributed in a completely randomized design with four repetitions. The addition of Si in tomato plants increased biomass production, the number of fruits and yield. In addition, in the treatments with the highest dose of Si, the concentration of antioxidants increased, as well as the total antioxidant capacity. It is suggested to include Si in tomato fertilization programs as a sustainable alternative to improve crop growth and productivity.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s0102-0536-2024-e276481

Cytotoxic effects on human dental pulp stem Cells after exposure to adhesive bonding agents
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Caroprese, Antonella Castellanos

; Navarrete, Alexa Nicolle Chinchilla

; Prieto, Sandra Janeth Gutiérrez

; Villamil, Jean Carlos

; Uribe, Octavio Alejandro Castañeda

; Reyes, Juan Carlos Salcedo

; Pinzón, And Henry Alberto Méndez

Brazilian Dental Journal

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2024, Volume 35 elocation e24-5529

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo Os estudos sobre os efeitos citotóxicos atribuídos ao uso de agentes de união adesivo no tecido pulpar não são conclusivos. Para determinar se esses materiais são seguros para uso clínico, a exposição in vivo da polpa dentária a agentes de união adesiva foi simulada por meio de uma configuração experimental na qual as células-tronco da polpa dentária humana (hDPSC) são expostas à ação de dois tipos de adesivos: adesivos autocondicionantes e agentes de união de duas etapas por meio de uma barreira de dentina. Os efeitos citotóxicos nessas células foram avaliados pelo protocolo de ensaio MTT e microscopia de fluorescência, e seus resultados foram contrastados com os obtidos por meio de espectros Raman obtidos em hDPSCs individuais. De modo geral, não foram observados efeitos citotóxicos significativos com a combinação de todas as técnicas, e a viabilidade celular próxima a 90% foi obtida para uma barreira de dentina de pelo menos 1 mm de espessura. Além disso, a espectroscopia Raman foi capaz de detectar danos estruturais ao DNA em algumas células da polpa dentária quando expostas a agentes de colagem de duas etapas, sugerindo que essa técnica poderia ser considerada uma ferramenta complementar com potencial para avaliar a toxicidade celular além da viabilidade celular.

Abstract Studies regarding cytotoxic effects attributed to the use of adhesive bonding agents on pulp tissue are not conclusive. To point out whether these materials are safe for clinical use, in vivo exposure of dental pulp to adhesive bonding agents was simulated using an experimental setup in which Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells (hDPSC) are exposed to the action of two kinds of adhesives: self-etching adhesives and two-step bonding agents through a dentine barrier. Cytotoxic effects on these cells were evaluated by MTT assay protocol and fluorescence microscopy, and their results were contrasted to those obtained through Raman spectra taken on single hDPSCs. Overall, no significant cytotoxic effects were observed by combining all the techniques, and cell viability close to 90% was achieved for a dentine barrier of at least 1 mm thick. Moreover, Raman spectroscopy was able to detect structural DNA damage in some dental pulp cells when exposed to two-step bonding agents, suggesting that this technique could be considered a complementary tool with the potential to evaluate cell toxicity beyond cell viability.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-6440202405529

IL-8 in bone marrow and peripheral blood of patients with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia is associated with high regulatory T cell counts, degree of tumor infiltration and expression of CXCR1 in blasts
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Anaya, Diana

; González, Sandra Paola Santander

; Murillo, Natalia

; Ballesteros-Ramírez, Ricardo

; Reyes, Iliana De los

; Herrera, María V.

; Solano, Julio Fiorentino, Susana Quijano, Sandra

Hematology, Transfusion and Cell Therapy

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2024, Volume 46 N. 4 Pages 374 - 380

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Introduction: Regulatory T cells (Treg cells) in a tumor environment and the expression of forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) in tumor cells have been associated with a poor prognosis. There are few studies evaluating Treg cells and FOXP3 in B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Bcell ALL). This study aimed to evaluate the frequencies of Treg cells in bone marrow (BM) and peripheral blood (PB) of patients with B-cell ALL and to determine their associations with the circulating cytokine profile and the expression of CXCR1 (IL-8 receptor) in Treg cells, as well as to compare FOXP3 expression in blasts of patients with B-cell ALL and normal lymphoid precursors. Methods: Samples of BM and PB from patients with B-cell ALL and healthy controls were studied. Treg cells, cytokines, FOXP3 and CXCR1 were evaluated using flow cytometry and analyzed. Results: A total of 20 patients with B-cell ALL and 10 healthy controls were included. In Bcell ALL patients, Treg cell frequencies increased significantly, with higher percentages in the PB. Absolute Treg cell counts were associated with absolute blast counts in the BM and PB and with an IL-8 concentration. The IL-8 and IL-6 levels were associated with the CXCR1 expression in PB Treg cells. In addition, a greater expression of FOXP3 was observed in leukemic blasts than in normal lymphoid precursors. Conclusions: These results suggest that the presence of Treg cells and cytokines in the tumor environment may correspond to mechanisms to evade the immune response. For that reason, it would be important to monitor these parameters in B-cell ALL to establish their effect on the disease prognosis.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.htct.2023.05.005

Teorías implícitas lectoras de profesores de inglés en formación
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Sandoval-Cruz, Rosa Isela

; Reyes-Cruz, María Del Rosario

; Valdez-Hernández, Sandra

Sinéctica

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dec 2023, N. 61 elocation e1543

Abstract: Es En | Text: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

Resumen. La investigación del pensamiento del profesorado en formación sobre la lectura es pertinente debido a las problemáticas de comprensión lectora en nuestro país, por lo cual el objetivo de este trabajo es describir las teorías implícitas lectoras de un grupo de estudiantes de una licenciatura que forma profesores de inglés. Se empleó la escala de teorías implícitas de la comprensión lectora con un enfoque cuantitativo descriptivo, y se identificaron tres teorías implícitas: crítica receptiva, retórica y literaria. Los resultados apuntan a que una mayoría de los participantes sostiene la teoría implícita crítica receptiva, que se centra en la crítica ideológica y la inferencia de mensajes implícitos. Un grupo más pequeño sostiene la teoría implícita retórica, enfocada en la evaluación y contrastación de fuentes, que resulta funcional para la comprensión lectora en la universidad. La teoría implícita literaria, funcional para la comprensión de géneros literarios, es la menos extendida. Estos hallazgos constituyen indicios de que los profesores en formación del contexto deben mejorar su preparación para la lectura retórica y literaria.

Abstract. Research on pre service teachers’ thinking about reading is relevant due to the reading comprehension problems in our country. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to describe the implicit theories of reading comprehension of a group of students enrolled in a BA program in English Language Teaching. The scale of implicit theories of reading comprehension was used with a quantitative, descriptive approach. Three implicit theories were identified: critical receptive, sourcing, and literary. most participants hold the critical receptive implicit theory, which focuses on ideological critique and inferring implicit messages. A smaller group holds the rhetorical implicit theory, which focuses on evaluating and contrasting sources and is highly functional for college reading. The literary implicit theory is held by a small minority. These findings suggest that pre-service teachers in the target context need better training in rhetorical and literary reading.

https://doi.org/10.31391/s2007-7033(2023)0061-007

Percepción de dirigentes deportivos locales y funcionarios municipales sobre políticas públicas deportivas locales de la comuna de Linares
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Retamales Muñoz, Francisco Javier

; Ortiz Reyes, Pedro Ernesto

; Arellano Correa, Sandra

Ciencias de la actividad física (Talca)

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dec 2023, Volume 24 N. 2 elocation 7

Abstract: Pt En Es | Text: Pt En Es | PDF: Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Es

RESUMO A implementação das políticas esportivas públicas locais (PEPL) na comuna de Linares foi visualizada graças à implementação do Plano de Desenvolvimento Comunitário para Atividade Física e Esporte (PDC AFyE) no período 2018 - 2022 na comunidade e organizações esportivas locais (OOEE), bem como funcionários do próprio município. Foi realizada uma entrevista semi-estruturada com 28 líderes esportivos e 18 funcionários municipais de um universo de amostra total de 127. Os indivíduos indicam que, apesar de verem mudanças favoráveis no período, não conhecem o processo e, portanto, o mecanismo aplicado para a mudança, o que prejudica a compreensão do PEPL e seu desenvolvimento através do OOEE e do próprio município. A implementação do PEPL através de suas diferentes ferramentas e instrumentos requer um processo de consulta, relevância e complementaridade entre o município, o OOEE, o mundo educacional e os vizinhos beneficiários; tudo isso dentro de uma estrutura de comunicação e informação concreta e permanente que envolva todos os atores, proporcionando assim uma parcela de responsabilidade em sua implementação, controle e avaliação.

ABSTRACT The application of local public policies on sports (LPSP) of the commune of Linares has been visualized thanks to the application of the Communal Development Plan for Physical Activity and Sports (CDP PA&S) in the period 2018 - 2022 in the community and local sports organizations (LSO), as well as officials of the municipality itself. To know the perception of the implementation of LPSP, a semi-structured interview was applied to 28 sports leaders and 18 municipal officials out of a total sample universe of 127 possible. The individuals indicate that, despite seeing favorable changes in the period, they are unaware of the process and, therefore, the mechanism applied for change, which undermines the understanding of the LPSP and its development through the LSOO and the municipality. The application of the LPSP through its different tools and instruments requires that it be developed under a process of consultation, relevance, and complementarity between the municipality, LSOO, the educational world and beneficiary neighbors; all under a framework of communication and concrete and permanent information that manages to involve all the actors, thus providing a share of responsibility in its execution, control, and evaluation.

RESUMEN La aplicación de las políticas públicas deportivas locales (PPDL) de la comuna de Linares se han visualizado gracias a la aplicación del Plan de Desarrollo Comunal de Actividad Física y Deportes (PDC AFyD) en el período 2018 - 2022 en la comunidad y las organizaciones deportivas locales (OODD), así como de funcionarios del propio municipio. Para conocer la percepción sobre la aplicación de PPDL se aplica una entrevista semiestructurada y confeccionada para tales efectos, a 28 dirigentes deportivos y 18 funcionarios municipales, de un universo muestral total de 127 posibles. Los individuos indican que, pese a ver cambios favorables en el período desconocen el proceso y, por ende, el mecanismo aplicado para el cambio, lo que despotencia la comprensión de la PPDL y el desarrollo de ésta por medio de las propias OODD y el municipio. La aplicación de las PPDL por medio de sus distintas herramientas e instrumentos requiere que se desarrolle bajo un proceso de consulta, pertinencia y complementación entre municipio, OODD, mundo educativo y vecinos beneficiarios; todo dentro de un marco de comunicación e información concreta y permanente que logre involucrar a todos los actores, brindando con ello una cuota de responsabilidad en su ejecución, control y evaluación.

https://doi.org/10.29035/rcaf.24.2.7

10.

Influencia correctiva de la actividad física en la inclusión de los educandos con trastornos de la conducta
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Ramírez Hernández, Sandra

; Moreno Iglesias, Modesta

; García Reyes, Olivia

; Gómez Pozo, Yaimara

; Frontela López, José Adolfo

Podium. Revista de Ciencia y Tecnología en la Cultura Física

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dec 2023, Volume 18 N. 3 elocation e1529

Abstract: Es En Pt | Text: Es En Pt | PDF: Es | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

RESUMEN La Educación Física, el deporte y la recreación constituyen herramientas efectivas en la educación para corregir o compensar los modos de actuación de los educandos con trastornos en la conducta, manifestaciones que muchas veces son motivo de exclusión por parte del grupo de coetáneos, docentes y/o la comunidad donde reside. Ante las exigencias actuales de crear escuelas verdaderamente inclusivas en su funcionamiento, no siempre se encuentran en las aulas los profesionales competentes que garanticen una educación de calidad y equidad, capaz de aprovechar los beneficios de la actividad física y el deporte, tanto en el desarrollo social como en el psicológico; debido a su impacto en la construcción de las identidades individuales y colectivas, los educandos sienten la necesidad de su participación, la satisfacción con la tarea desarrollada y pueden valorar sus resultados, lo que permite la formación de actitudes y valores positivos hacia las diferentes esferas de la vida social. Es por ello que el siguiente artículo tiene como objetivo diseñar un sistema de talleres que contribuyan a la preparación de los docentes para la inclusión de escolares con trastornos de la conducta desde la actividad física y deportes. Para ello se utilizaron métodos como el histórico-lógico, el análisis documental, la entrevista y la observación científica, los que permitieron constatar el estado actual de la preparación de dichos profesionales y plantear desde la vía científica una respuesta de solución que promueva nuevos modos de actuación profesional.

ABSTRACT Physical Education, sports and recreation constitute effective tools in education to correct or compensate for the behavior of students with behavioral disorders, manifestations that are often a reason for exclusion by the group of peers, teachers and/or or the community where you reside. Given the current demands to create schools that are truly inclusive in their operation, competent professionals who guarantee quality and equity education, capable of taking advantage of the benefits of physical activity and sport, both in social development and in the classrooms, are not always found in the classrooms. as in the psychological; Due to its impact on the construction of individual and collective identities, students feel the need for their participation, satisfaction with the task carried out and can value their results, which allows the formation of positive attitudes and values towards the different spheres of social life. That is why the following article aims to design a system of workshops that contribute to the preparation of teachers for the inclusion of schoolchildren with behavioral disorders through physical activity and sports. To do this, methods such as historical-logical, documentary analysis, interviews and scientific observation were used, which made it possible to verify the current state of the preparation of these professionals and propose, from a scientific perspective, a solution response that promotes new ways of professional performance.

RESUMO A Educação Física, o esporte e a recreação constituem ferramentas eficazes na educação para corrigir ou compensar o comportamento dos alunos com distúrbios comportamentais, manifestações que muitas vezes são motivo de exclusão por parte do grupo de pares, professores e/ou da comunidade onde reside. Dadas as atuais exigências de criação de escolas verdadeiramente inclusivas no seu funcionamento, nem sempre se encontram profissionais competentes que garantam uma educação de qualidade e equidade, capazes de aproveitar os benefícios da atividade física e do desporto, tanto no desenvolvimento social como nas salas de aula. nas salas de aula, como no psicológico; Pelo seu impacto na construção de identidades individuais e coletivas, os alunos sentem necessidade da sua participação, satisfação com a tarefa realizada e podem valorizar os seus resultados, o que permite a formação de atitudes e valores positivos perante as diferentes esferas da vida social. vida. É por isso que o artigo a seguir tem como objetivo desenhar um sistema de oficinas que contribua para a preparação de professores para a inclusão de escolares com distúrbios comportamentais por meio da atividade física e esportiva. Para isso, foram utilizados métodos como histórico-lógico, análise documental, entrevistas e observação científica, que permitiram verificar o estado atual da preparação destes profissionais e propor, numa perspectiva científica, uma resposta de solução que promova novas formas de atuação profissional.

11.

Conocimientos de vicecoordinadores docentes sobre la superación profesional. Estado Táchira, Venezuela, I trimestre de 2020
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Echemendía Cruz, Bernardo

; Hernández Quiñones, Sandra

; Negrín Calvo, Yurién

; Castillo Reyes, Odalis Amparo

; Toyos Girao, Gamar Israel

; Neris Molina, Didier

Gaceta Médica Espirituana

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dec 2023, Volume 25 N. 3 elocation 2529

Abstract: Es En | Text: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

RESUMEN Fundamento: La labor docente en la Misión Médica Cubana en Venezuela está encaminada a garantizar el cumplimiento de las exigencias y necesidades sociales en la formación de profesionales en pre y posgrado, orientada a la preparación de los profesores y a la ejecución del proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje con bases sólidas. Objetivo: Identificar los conocimientos que poseen los coordinadores docentes relacionados con los procedimientos metodológicos de la superación profesional en el Estado Táchira de Venezuela, en el I Trimestre de 2020. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal sobre superación profesional durante el primer trimestre de 2022 que incluyó los 25 vicecoordinadores docentes nombrados en las Áreas de Salud Integral Comunitaria de la Misión Barrio Adentro del Estado Táchira. Se diseñó y aplicó un cuestionario encaminado a medir conocimientos sobre procedimientos metodológicos de superación profesional. Resultados: Se observaron dificultades en la identificación de las necesidades de aprendizaje, con relación a otras formas organizativas de superación, modalidades de las actividades de posgrado, comparecencia del cuerpo docente y de evaluación final. Conclusiones: La caracterización realizada permitió determinar las necesidades de aprendizaje, principalmente en el área de la didáctica general y fundamenta la necesidad de elaborar para su ejecución un programa de superación profesional dirigido a los docentes noveles.

ABSTRACT Background: The teaching labor for the Cuban Medical Mission in Venezuela is aimed to guarantee the accomplishment of the demands and social needs for professionals in undergraduate and postgraduate preparation, oriented to the preparation of teachers and to the execution with solid foundations of the teaching and learning process. Objective: To identify the knowledge possessed by the teaching coordinators related to the methodological procedures in professional upgrading in Táchira State, Venezuela, during the first quarter in 2020. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted about professional upgrading, and included the 25 teaching vice coordinators named in the Integral Community Health Areas of the Barrio Adentro Mission in the Táchira State. A questionnaire was designed and applied in order to measure knowledge on professional upgrading methodological procedures. Results: Difficulties were observed in the learning needs identification, in relation to other organizational forms of improvement, modalities of postgraduate activities, teaching staff appearance and final evaluation. Conclusions: The conducted characterization made it possible to determine the learning needs, mainly in the general didactic area and substantiates the necessity to elaborate for its execution, a professional upgrading program for novice teachers.

12.

Online Training for Primary Care Staff: Skills development on the Mental Health Gap Action Programme (mhGAP) Intervention Guide
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Félix Romero, Violeta Tovar, Ángel Eugenio López Montoya, Alejandra Flores Coronado, Marco Antonio Ferrer Reyes, Sandra Ivonne Morales Chainé, Silvia Malo Serrano, Miguel

Acta de investigación psicológica

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aug 2023, Volume 13 N. 2 Pages 88 - 99

Abstract: Es En | Text: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

Resumen El desarrollo de estrategias efectivas de aprendizaje para fortalecer las competencias de los profesionales de la salud mental y brindar intervenciones basadas en evidencia en sus comunidades es necesario. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue desarrollar y evaluar un programa de entrenamiento en línea para la Guía de Intervención en Trastornos Mentales, Neurológicos y por Uso de Sustancias en nivel de atención de salud no especializada. Participaron 975 profesionales de la salud mexicanos durante el período de distanciamiento social provocado por la pandemia de COVID-19. Los participantes completaron una evaluación previa y posterior que incluyó un cuestionario de conocimientos, actividades de aprendizaje y la ejecución en casos simulados programados para evaluar el conocimiento y las habilidades para la evaluación, el manejo y el seguimiento de los trastornos mentales, neurológicos y por uso de sustancias. Los resultados indicaron que los participantes mejoraron sus conocimientos y habilidades en función de su participación en el curso en línea, independientemente del sexo, la profesión, la institución o la vulnerabilidad social de los participantes, sugiriendo que se trata de un programa de formación relevante para el personal de atención primaria. Los resultados contribuyen al Programa de Acción para la Brecha de Salud Mental y promueven el uso de tecnologías de evaluación y enseñanza en línea en este campo.

Abstract Developing effective learning strategies to strengthen mental health professionals’ capacities and deliver evidence-based interventions in their communities is urgent. We developed and evaluated an online training program for the Intervention Guide for Mental, Neurological and Substance Use Disorders in Non-specialized Health Settings. Nine hundred and seventy-five health professionals in Mexico were enrolled in the training program, during the period of social distancing brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants completed a pre-post online evaluation strategy including Knowledge screening, assessment of Learning Activities, and performance in Programmed-Simulated cases to evaluate knowledge and skills for the assessment, management, and follow-up of Mental, Neurological and Substance Use Disorders. We found that participants improved their knowledge and skills from training on the mhGAP online course. Notably we observed these positive results regardless of sex, profession, institution, or social vulnerability rating of participants, suggesting that this is a relevant training program for primary care staff. These results contribute to the Mental Health Gap Action Programme and advance the use of online teaching and evaluation technologies in this field.

https://doi.org/10.22201/fpsi.20074719e.2023.2.486

13.

Jóvenes universitarios y prácticas des(informadas) para prevenir la COVID-19. Lima, Perú. 2021
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Zeña Giraldo, Sandra A.

; Díaz Bernal, Zoe

; Gutiérrez Reyes, Zoraida de la Caridad

Revista Cubana de Educación Superior

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aug 2023, Volume 42 N. 2 elocation 19

Abstract: Es En | Text: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

RESUMEN En los inicios de la pandemia de la COVID-19, encuestas develaron que uno de cada tres jóvenes consideró que no estaba en riesgo de infectarse. Se tuvo como objetivo entonces, conocer cómo un grupo de jóvenes universitarios asumieron las recomendaciones para actuar frente a la COVID-19. Se llevó a cabo una investigación cualitativa de naturaleza exploratoria en 2021, a 8 universitarios peruanos, que en el momento del estudio estaban entre los 19 a 25 años. Los resultados mostraron que las percepciones y prácticas de los participantes estuvieron adheridas a los mensajes brindados desde el inicio por parte de las autoridades sanitarias: higiene de manos y distanciamiento físico para bloquear la infección. La efectividad de la mascarilla fue desacreditada. Los hallazgos del presente estudio destacan que el comportamiento de riesgo en un grupo de jóvenes está sujeto a aquellas prácticas acentuadas por el sector sanitario desde el inicio de la pandemia.

ABSTRACT Early in the COVID-19 pandemic, surveys revealed that one in three young people thought they were not at risk of infection. The objective was then to know how a group of university students assumed the recommendations to act against COVID-19. A qualitative research of an exploratory nature was carried out in 2021, with 8 Peruvian university students, who at the time of the study were between 19 and 25 years old. The results showed that the perceptions and practices of the participants were adhered to the messages provided from the beginning by the health authorities: hand hygiene and physical distancing to block infection. The effectiveness of the mask was discredited. The findings of this study highlight that risk behavior in a group of young people is subject to those practices accentuated by the health sector since the start of the pandemic.

14.

Guía de práctica clínica para el manejo del cáncer de pulmón de células pequeñas: enfermedad extensa
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Cabrera-Miranda, Luis A. Díaz-García, Diego A. Corona-Cruz, José F. Lozano-Ruiz, Francisco J. Sánchez-Reyes, Roberto Álvarez-Bojórquez, Mario E. Blake-Cerda, Mónika Rivera-Márquez, Raúl López-Saucedo, Raúl A. Pérez-Álvarez, Sandra I. Bolaño-Guerra, Laura M. Alatorre-Alexander, Jorge A. Alexander-Meza, Francisco Barrón-Barrón, Feliciano Blanco-Vázquez, Yazmín C. Campos-Gómez, Saúl Mata-Moya, Dolores de la Figueroa-Martínez, Pedro González-Cisneros, Paulina E. Íñiguez-García, Marco A. Lázaro-León, Jesús M. Loyola-García, Ulises Morales-Rivera, Marcelino Olivares-Torres, Carlos Ramos-Ramírez, Maritza Sáenz-Frías, Julia A. Silva-Bravo, Fernando Trejo-Rosales, Rogelio Souto-del Bosque, Miguel Arrieta, Óscar

Gaceta mexicana de oncología

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jun 2023, Volume 22 N. 2 Pages 55 - 73

Abstract: Es En | Text: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

Resumen Antecedentes: El cáncer de células pequeñas (CPCP) representa el 13-15% del total de neoplasias primarias de pulmón. Se caracteriza por su rapidez en la tasa de crecimiento y en el desarrollo de metástasis a distancia. Objetivos: Orientar y estandarizar el tratamiento del CPCP enfermedad extensa en México basado en evidencia clínica nacional e internacional. Material y métodos: Este documento se desarrolló como una colaboración del Instituto Nacional de Cancerología y la Sociedad Mexicana de Oncología en cumplimiento con estándares internacionales. Se integró un grupo conformado por oncólogos médicos, cirujanos oncólogos, cirujanos de tórax, radio-oncólogos y metodólogos con experiencia en revisiones sistemáticas de la literatura y guías de práctica clínica. Resultados: Se consensaron, por el método Delphi y en reuniones a distancia, las recomendaciones en CPCP enfermedad extensa, producto de preguntas de trabajo. Se identificó y evaluó la evidencia científica que responde a cada una de dichas preguntas clínicas antes de incorporarla al cuerpo de la guía. Conclusión: Esta guía proporciona recomendaciones clínicas para el manejo de la enfermedad extensa del CPCP y durante el proceso de toma de decisiones de los clínicos involucrados con su manejo en nuestro país para mejorar la calidad de la atención clínica para estos pacientes.

Abstract Background: Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) represents 13-15% of all primary lung neoplasms and is characterized by its rapid growth rate and the rapid development of distant metastases. Objectives: To guide and standardize the treatment of extensive disease small cell lung cancer in Mexico based on national and international clinical evidence. Material and methods: This document was developed as a collaboration between the National Cancer Institute and the Mexican Society of Oncology in compliance with international standards. An interdisciplinary group was formed, including medical oncologists, oncological surgeons, thoracic surgeons, radiation oncologists, and methodologists with experience in systematic reviews of the literature and clinical practice guidelines. Results: A consensus was reached, both by the Delphi method and in remote meetings, of extensive disease recommendations resulting from work questions. The scientific evidence that answers each of these clinical questions was identified and critically evaluated, before being incorporated into the body of evidence of the Guide. Conclusions: This Clinical Practice Guide provides clinical recommendations for the management of extensive disease of SCLC to contribute to the decision-making process of the clinicians involved with its management in our country, hoping that this will contribute to improving the quality of clinical care in these patients.

https://doi.org/10.24875/j.gamo.22000122

15.

Caracterización del comportamiento organizacional en la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas Mayabeque
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Reyes Fernández, Yanelis

; Sierra Díaz, Damaris

; Malvarez Castellano, Sandra

Revista Cubana de Salud Pública

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jun 2023, Volume 49 N. 2 elocation e3761

Abstract: Es En | Text: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

RESUMEN Introducción: En la sociedad moderna, los sistemas organizacionales marchan a la par de los procesos de transformaciones sociales. Dentro del clima organizacional, el comportamiento organizacional permite el estudio sistemático de actos y actitudes que las personas muestran en las organizaciones. Objetivo: Caracterizar el clima organizacional desde la percepción de la dimensión comportamiento organizacional de los trabajadores de la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas de Mayabeque. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo transversal para caracterizar el comportamiento de variables socio-psicológicas que definen comportamiento organizacional y su impacto en el funcionamiento interno de la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas de Mayabeque de enero a octubre del 2017. El universo estuvo constituido por el total de trabajadores de la institución en el período estudiado. La información se recogió de una fuente primaria a través de cuestionario estructurado autoaplicado, entrevista individual y grupal y la observación de la institución, que permitió la recopilación de información imprescindible mediante la triangulación de técnicas e instrumentos para el abordaje del fenómeno organizacional. Resultados: La dimensión comportamiento organizacional muestra un valor de 5,78 según promedio de ítem, lo que muestra indicadores de riesgo. La categoría comunicación obtiene la menor puntuación con 5,50 promedio de ítem. Las relaciones interpersonales entre el jefe y los miembros del equipo de trabajo fue el ítem que obtuvo mayor promedio en la categoría, con 1,46. Conclusiones: El clima organizacional de la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas de Mayabeque clasifica con un puntaje de riesgo y los trabajadores perciben dificultades en las categorías Motivación, Comunicación y Relaciones Interpersonales que la hacen clasificar como categoría en riesgo dentro de la dimensión Comportamiento Organizacional.

ABSTRACT Introduction: In modern society, organizational systems go hand in hand with the processes of social transformations. Within the organizational ambiance, organizational behavior allows for the systematic study of acts and attitudes that people display in organizations. Objective: To characterize the organizational ambiance from the perception of the organizational behavior dimension of the workers of the Faculty of Medical Sciences of Mayabeque. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive observational study was conducted to characterize the behavior of socio-psychological variables that define organizational behavior and their impact on the internal functioning of the Faculty of Medical Sciences of Mayabeque from January to October 2017. The universe consisted of the total number of employees of the institution in the period studied. The information was collected from a primary source through a self-administered structured questionnaire, individual and group interviews, and observation of the institution, which allowed the collection of essential information through the triangulation of techniques and instruments to address the organizational phenomenon. Results: The organizational behavior dimension shows a value of 5.78, which shows risk indicators. The communication category gets the lowest score with 5.50. The interpersonal relationships between the boss and the members of the work team were the ones that obtained the highest average in the category with 1.46. Conclusions: The organizational climate of the Faculty of Medical Sciences of Mayabeque classifies with a risk score and workers perceive difficulties in the categories of Motivation, Communication and Interpersonal Relationships that make it classified as a category at risk within the dimension of Organizational Behavior.

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