RESUMO No presente trabalho, foi avaliado o efeito imunomodulador de diferentes doses de talidomida em macrófagos associados ao tumor (TAMs), em um modelo murino de câncer de mama. Camundongos foram inoculados com células 4T1, na região do flanco esquerdo, e tratados com talidomida, uma vez ao dia, nas doses de 50, 100 e 150mg/k, por massa corporal, do quinto dia ao 28º dia de inoculação tumoral. Os tumores foram medidos, o índice de proliferação celular e a contagem de TAMs foram avaliados nos tumores primários e nos pulmões com metástases. Além disso, a taxa de metástases pulmonares também foi avaliada. A talidomida na dose de 150mg/kg diminuiu significativamente o crescimento tumoral, o índice de proliferação celular e a infiltração de TAMs nos tumores primários. Por outro lado, maior número de TAMs e menor índice de proliferação celular foram observados nos pulmões metastáticos, em camundongos tratados com 150mg/kg de talidomida. Ademais, a talidomida na dose de 150mg/kg diminuiu significativamente os nódulos metastáticos nos pulmões. Os resultados demonstraram que o tratamento com talidomida diminuiu o crescimento tumoral e as metástases pulmonares em camundongos, associado com diferentes efeitos na infiltração de TAMs nesses locais.

ABSTRACT The present work evaluated the immunomodulatory effect of thalidomide (Thal) at different doses on tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) using a mouse model of human breast cancer. Mice were inoculated with 4T1 cells in the left flank and treated with Thal once a day at concentrations of 50, 100, and 150mg/kg body weight from the 5th day until the 28th day of tumor inoculation. The tumors were sized, proliferation index and TAMs count were evaluated in primary tumors and metastatic lungs. In addition, the metastasis rate was evaluated in the lungs. Thal at 150mg/kg significantly decreased tumor growth, proliferation index, and TAMs infiltration in primary tumors. Conversely, a higher number of TAMs and lower proliferation index were observed in metastatic lungs in mice treated with 150mg/kg of Thal. Furthermore, Thal at 150mg/kg significantly decreased the metastatic nodules in the lungs. Our findings demonstrated that Thal treatment considerably decreased the primary tumor and lung metastasis in mice associated with different TAM infiltration effects in these sites.

Abstract Cardiovascular diseases are associated with high morbidity and mortality worldwide and have several risk factors, including dyslipidemia, smoking, and hypertension. Studies have evaluated isolated risk factors in experimental models of cardiovascular disease, but few preclinical studies have assessed associations between multiple risk factors. In the present study, hypertensive Wistar rats (Goldblatt 2K1C model) received a 0.5% cholesterol diet and were exposed to tobacco smoke for 8 weeks. During the last 4 weeks, the animals were treated with vehicle, an ethanol-soluble fraction of B. trimera (30, 100, and 300 mg/kg), or simvastatin + enalapril. A group of normotensive, non-dyslipidemic, and non-smoking rats was treated with vehicle. The levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, urea, creatinine, and hepatic and fecal lipids, blood pressure, and mesenteric arterial bed reactivity were evaluated. Cardiac, hepatic, and renal histopathology and tecidual redox state were also investigated. Untreated animals exhibited significant changes in blood pressure, lipid profile, and biomarkers of heart, liver, and kidney damage. Treatment with B. trimera reversed these changes, with effects that were similar to simvastatin + enalapril. These findings suggest that B. trimera may be promising for the treatment of cardiovascular and hepatic disorders, especially disorders that are associated with multiple risk factors.

Abstract A second deadlier wave of COVID-19 and the causes of the recent public health collapse of Manaus are compared with the Spanish flu events in that city, and Brazil. Historic sanitarian problems, and its hub position in the Brazilian airway network are combined drivers of deadly events related to COVID-19. These drivers were amplified by misleading governance, highly transmissible variants, and relaxation of social distancing. Several of these same factors may also have contributed to the dramatically severe outbreak of H1N1 in 1918, which caused the death of 10% of the population in seven months. We modelled Manaus parameters for the present pandemic and confirmed that lack of a proper social distancing might select the most transmissible variants. We succeeded to reproduce a first severe wave followed by a second stronger wave. The model also predicted that outbreaks may last for up to five and half years, slowing down gradually before the disease disappear. We validated the model by adjusting it to the Spanish Flu data for the city, and confirmed the pattern experienced by that time, of a first stronger wave in October-November 1918, followed by a second less intense wave in February-March 1919.

Abstract The spread of SARS-CoV-2 and the distribution of cases worldwide followed no clear biogeographic, climatic, or cultural trend. Conversely, the internationally busiest cities in all countries tended to be the hardest hit, suggesting a basic, mathematically neutral pattern of the new coronavirus early dissemination. We tested whether the number of flight passengers per time and the number of international frontiers could explain the number of cases of COVID-19 worldwide by a stepwise regression. Analysis were taken by 22 May 2020, a period when one would claim that early patterns of the pandemic establishment were still detectable, despite of community transmission in various places. The number of passengers arriving in a country and the number of international borders explained significantly 49% of the variance in the distribution of the number of cases of COVID-19, and number of passengers explained significantly 14.2% of data variance for cases per million inhabitants. Ecological neutral theory may explain a considerable part of the early distribution of SARS-CoV-2 and should be taken into consideration to define preventive international actions before a next pandemic.

RESUMO O objetivo foi avaliar como mudanças na estrutura de pastos de Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu, sob diferentes ofertas de forragem (OF) de 4, 7, 10 e 13kg MS/100kg PC, afetam o comportamento animal durante um período de avaliação de dois anos. O delineamento utilizado foi em blocos ao acaso, com três repetições (piquetes). A altura do dossel, a massa de forragem total e de colmos foram menores em pastos manejados com menores OF. A menor massa de folhas foi observada na menor OF no segundo ano. Nas amostras de pastejo simulado, as porcentagens de folhas e colmos não diferiram pela manhã, mas a porcentagem de folhas aumentou, enquanto a de colmos diminuiu à tarde. O tempo de permanência dos animais diminuiu linearmente com o aumento das OF. Efeito quadrático foi observado para taxa de deslocamento. A taxa de bocados foi similar entre as OF. Os resultados demonstram que variar as OF entre 7 e 10kg MS/100kg PC é mais adequado para balancear as quantidades de folhas e colmos no dossel forrageiro. Os níveis de OF estudados não limitam a forragem disponível. O tempo de permanência diminuí e a taxa de deslocamento aumenta com o aumento das OF.

ABSTRACT This study evaluated how changing the structure of Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu pasture under different forage allowances (FA) of 4, 7, 10 and 13kg DM/100kg BW (body weight) affected animal behavior over a two-year evaluation period. The experiment was conducted as a randomized block design with three replications (paddock). Sward height, total forage, and stem mass were lower for pastures managed with lower FA. Lower leaf mass was observed for lower FA in the second year. In hand-plucked samples, leaf and stem percentages remained unchanged in the morning but leaf percentage increased while stems decreased in the afternoon. Permanence time decreased linearly with increasing FA. In turn, a quadratic effect was observed for displacement rate. The bite rate was similar among different FAs. The results demonstrate that FA varying between 7 and 10kg DM/100kg BW are more suitable to balance the amounts of leaves and stems in the sward. The studied FA levels do not limit forage availability. Permanence time decreases and displacement rate increases as FA increases.

RESUMO Considerando que o uso de tranquilizantes poderia otimizar a realização do ecocardiograma, objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar o efeito da tranquilização com acepromazina e fentanil sobre os parâmetros ecocardiográficos em cães saudáveis, bem como o efeito na pressão arterial sistólica (PAS), na frequência respiratória (FR), na frequência cardíaca (FC), no tempo gasto para a realização do exame e na escala de sedação. Dez cães adultos foram submetidos a diferentes protocolos tranquilizantes, 20 minutos antes da avaliação ecocardiográfica, totalizando cinco tratamentos para cada dupla, realizados com intervalos de sete dias entre as avaliações. Os tratamentos foram: TC (tratamento controle), TAI (acepromazina intramuscular), TAO (acepromazina oral), TF (fentanil) e TAF (acepromazina associada ao fentanil). Além dos parâmetros ecocardiográficos, foram avaliados a PAS, o grau de tranquilização, o tempo de duração do exame e a FC e a FR nos diferentes protocolos. Houve diminuição significativa da PAS no TAO. Observou-se redução significativa do diâmetro do ventrículo esquerdo em sístole e diástole e do movimento anular de mitral nos protocolos TAI, TAO e TAF, comparados com o TC. Observou-se também uma redução da excursão sistólica do plano anular tricúspide e aumento da relação mitral E/mitral A nos protocolos TAI e TAO quando comparados ao TC. Todos os protocolos de tranquilização reduziram significativamente a FC, o que facilitou a realização do exame.

ABSTRACT Considering that the use of tranquillizers could optimize the performance of the echocardiogram, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of protocols with acepromazine and fentanyl on the echocardiographic parameters of healthy dogs, besides their effect in systolic blood pressure (SBP), respiratory rate (RR), heart rate (HR), time spent for examination and sedation scale. Ten adult dogs were submitted to different tranquilizing protocols 20 minutes before the echocardiographic examination, totalling five treatments for each pair, performed at seven-day intervals between evaluations. The treatments were CT (control treatment), IAT (intramuscular acepromazine), OAT (oral acepromazine), FT (fentanyl) and AFT (acepromazine associated with fentanyl). In addition to the echocardiographic evaluation, SBP, degree of reassurance, duration of the exam, HR and RR in the different protocols were evaluated. There was a significant decrease of SBP in OAT. There was a significant reduction in left ventricular diameter during systole and diastole and mitral annular movement in IAT, OAT and AFT, compared with CT. There was a decrease in tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion and increase in mitral E/mitral A ratio in IAT and OAT when compared with CT. All the tranquillizer protocols studied were found to significantly reduce HR, that facilitated the echocardiographic examination.

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a eficácia do PRP associado com esponjas cirúrgicas na integração do enxerto ao leito receptor. Realizou-se, no Hospital Veterinário da Unesp, Jaboticabal, SP, um estudo com 64 coelhos, separados em oito grupos, com oito animais. Os grupos foram: Gprpc (PRP, sem esponja cirúrgica, enxerto camada), Gprpce (PRP, esponja cirúrgica, enxerto camada), Gcc (solução fisiológica 0,9%, sem esponja cirúrgica, enxerto camada), Gcce (solução fisiológica 0,9%, esponjas cirúrgicas, enxerto camada), Gprpm (PRP, sem esponja cirúrgica, enxerto malha), Gprpme (PRP, esponja cirúrgica, enxerto malha), Gcm (solução fisiológica 0,9%, sem esponja cirúrgica, enxerto malha) e Gcce (solução fisiológica 0,9%, esponjas cirúrgicas, malha). Os dados foram analisados pelo teste t emparelhado, Kruskal-Wallis, análise de variância, e teste de Tukey (P<0,05). Edema e exsudato presente com três e sete dias (P=0,03 e P=0,0049); coloração cianótica no 14º dia (P=0,0001); aspecto cosmético bom no sétimo e no 14º dia (P=0,00026 e P=0,0001); presença de células mononucleares (P=0,01) e polimorfonucleares (P=0,01); proliferação de fibroblastos discreta (P=0,01); colagenização intensa (P=0,05); hemorragia discreta (P=0,007); ausência de diferença significativa em necrose e reepitelização (P=0,2928 e P=0,1). Conclui-se que o emprego do PRP gel em enxertos cutâneos associando esponjas cirúrgicas como curativo compressivo favorece sua integração ao leito receptor sem a presença prévia de tecido de granulação.

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate of the efficacy of PRP employment associated with surgical sponges to improve the integration of the graft in the recipient bed. It was held at the Veterinary Hospital UNESP, Campus of Jaboticabal - SP, a study of 64 rabbits, divided into eight groups with eight animals. The groups were divided in control with saline solution 0,9%, control with PRP both without the sponge, surgical sponge with PRP, surgical sponge without PRP, and were used mesh and layer grafts in the respective groups. The data were submitted to statistical analysis (paired t-test, Kruskal-Wallis test, with subsequent use of the multiple comparison tests of Dunn, analysis of variance (F) test, Tukey test, P< 0.05). Edema and exudate with 3 and 3 and 7 days (P= 0,03 e P= 0,0049); coloring on the 14th day (P= 0,0001); cosmetic appearance on the 7th and 14th day (P= 0,0026 and P= 0,0001); mononuclear cells (P= 0,01) and polymorphonuclear (P= 0,01); fibroblast proliferation (P= 0,01); collagenous (P= 0,05); hemorrhage (P-007); necrosis and re-epithelialization (P= 0,2928 and P= 0,1). We concluded that the use of Platelet Rich Plasma Gel on skin grafts associated with a sponge as a compressive dressing promote the skin graft survival without a previous granulation tissue.

RESUMO A atividade física acarreta diversas mudanças no sistema cardiovascular dos cães, dependendo das características do exercício realizado e do condicionamento físico do animal. Pouco se sabe sobre as alterações cardiovasculares causadas pelo treinamento de busca, resgate e salvamento. Objetivou-se, com este estudo, avaliar as respostas cardiovasculares após uma sessão desse tipo de treino, a fim de diferenciar essas alterações de casos de exaustão ou de alguma possível patologia. Foram utilizados nove cães saudáveis em treinamento de busca, resgate e salvamento há pelo menos um ano, sendo sete da raça Pastor Alemão e dois da raça Pastor Belga Malinois. Os cães foram submetidos a dois momentos de avaliação: M0 imediatamente antes do exercício e M1 imediatamente após um treinamento de 20 minutos. Em cada avaliação, foram realizados os exames eletrocardiográfico e ecocardiográfico e a aferição da pressão arterial sistólica sistêmica. Apenas a frequência cardíaca foi avaliada em três momentos, em M0, M1 e após cinco minutos do término da atividade física (M2). Os resultados obtidos indicam que o treinamento causa um aumento na demanda de oxigênio, provocando um aumento significativo no débito cardíaco, no volume ventricular esquerdo em diástole e no diâmetro da artéria aorta, assim como um aumento em um dos parâmetros de contratilidade cardíaca (movimento anular de mitral), sem causar prejuízo às funções cardíacas sistólicas e diastólicas. Os valores da FC imediatamente após e cinco minutos após o exercício foram similares aos valores basais. A PASS e os parâmetros eletrocardiográficos não se alteraram após o treinamento. Os achados encontrados indicam um bom desempenho cardíaco ao esforço físico dos cães de busca, resgate e salvamento, reduzindo-se as chances de má performance e de ocorrência de morte súbita causada pelo exercício, em resposta ao padrão da atividade realizada.

ABSTRACT Physical activity alters the cardiovascular system of dogs, depending on the exercise characteristics and the animal’s physical conditioning. Little is known about the cardiovascular changes in rescue-trained dogs. This study evaluated the cardiovascular responses to a search and rescue exercise session to differentiate these alterations from cases of exhaustion or some possible pathology. Nine healthy rescue-trained dogs that trained for at least one year were used. Seven German Shepherds and two Belgian Shepherd Malinois were evaluated twice, immediately before exercise (M0) and immediately after a 20-minute training (M1). Electrocardiographic, echocardiographic, and systemic blood pressure (SBP) measurements were performed at each evaluation. Heart rate was evaluated in three moments, M0, M1 and five minutes after the end of the physical activity (M2). The results indicated that training increased oxygen demand and significantly increased cardiac output, left ventricular volume in diastole and aortic artery diameter, and the contraction force with the increased mitral annular motion without impairing systolic and diastolic cardiac functions. Heart rate values immediately and five minutes after exercise were similar to baseline values. Training did not alter SBP and the electrocardiographic parameters. The present study indicated good cardiac performance to the physical effort of rescue-trained dogs and reduced the chances of poor performance and the occurrence of sudden death caused by exercise in response to the pattern of activity performed.

RESUMO: O glyphosate, herbicida mais utilizado na cultura do café, inibe indiretamente a rota de biossíntese de metabólitos secundários, responsáveis por estruturas e substâncias de defesa das plantas. Objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar a morfoanatomia foliar, fenóis totais, flavonoides e cafeína em folhas de café arábica submetidas a diferentes subdoses de glyphosate. Os tratamentos consistiram da combinação de três cultivares de café (MGS Travessia, Oeiras MG 6851 e Catuaí IAC 144) e cinco subdoses de glyphosate (0,0; 57,6; 115,2; 230,4 e 460,8 g e.a. ha-1). Aos 30 dias após a pulverização, avaliou-se a espessura total da lâmina foliar, espessura das epidermes adaxial e abaxial, parênquima paliçádico e lacunoso, além das concentrações de fenóis totais, flavonoides totais e cafeína. O cultivar Catuaí teve redução na espessura foliar total, enquanto os demais cultivares tiveram incremento. As epidermes adaxial e abaxial e o parênquima paliçádico reduziram em espessura e o parênquima lacunoso aumentou com o incremento das doses de glyphosate, independentemente do cultivar. Houve aumento de fenóis totais até 115,2 g ha-1 de glyphosate; acima desta dose as concentrações de fenóis foram reduzidas. Verificou-se redução de flavonoides até 115,2 g ha-1 nos cultivares Travessia e Oeiras; acima desta dose, a concentração de flavonides aumentou. O cultivar Catuaí teve comportamento contrário da concentração de flavonoides. Oeiras e Catuaí tiveram diminuição da cafeína até 115,2 g ha-1 de glyphosate e aumento em doses superiores. Travessia mostrou aumento de cafeína a partir de 115,2 g ha-1. Os três cultivares apresentaram maior concentração de fenóis no parênquima paliçádico após a aplicação da deriva de glyphosate. O glyphosate reduz a espessura das epidermes adaxial e abaxial e do parênquima paliçádico e aumenta a espessura de parênquima lacunoso. Doses acima de 230,4 g ha-1 de glyphosate resultam em redução da concentração de fenóis totais. A concentração de flavonoides e cafeína possui efeitos variados com aplicação de glyphosate.

ABSTRACT: The most widely used herbicide in coffee crop is glyphosate, it inhibits the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, responsible for structures and substances of plant defense. This work aimed to evaluate the morphoanatomy, total phenols, flavonoids and caffeine in leaves of Arabica coffee submitted to different sub-doses of glyphosate. The treatments were combinations of three coffee cultivars (MGS Travessia, Oeiras MG 6851 and Catuaí IAC 144) and five sub-doses of glyphosate (0.0, 57.6, 115.2, 230.4 and 460.8 g a.e. ha-1). The total thickness of the leaf blade, thickness of adaxial and abaxial epidermis, palisade and spongy parenchyma, in addition to the total phenol, total flavonoids and caffeine were evaluated 30 days after spraying. Catuaí showed a reduction in the total leaf thickness, while the others cultivars had an increase. The thickness of adaxial and abaxial epidermis and palisade parenchyma was reduced, and the spongy parenchyma increased with increasing doses of glyphosate, regardless of the cultivars. There was an increase on the total phenols up to 115.2 g ha-1 glyphosate, and above this dose, the concentrations of phenols were reduced. The Travessia and Oeiras cultivars obtained a reduction of flavonoids up to 115.2 g ha-1; and above this dose, the concentration of flavonoids increased. The Catuaí cultivar showed an opposing behavior of the concentration of flavonoids. Oeiras and Catuaí showed a decrease of caffeine up to 115.2 g ha-1 and an increase at higher doses. Travessia showed an increase of caffeine in sub-doses above 115.2 g ha-1. The three cultivars showed a higher concentration of phenols in the palisade parenchyma after the application of glyphosate drift. Glyphosate reduces the thickness of the adaxial and abaxial epidermis and palisade parenchyma, and increases the thickness of spongy parenchyma. Doses of glyphosate above 230.4 g ha-1 result in the reduction of total phenols. The concentration of flavonoids and caffeine has varying effects with glyphosate application.

Adiponectin (APN), an adipose tissue-released adipokine with demonstrated anti-inflammatory and anti-atherogenic properties, is encoded by a gene whose polymorphisms are associated with presence of coronary artery disease (CAD). Serum APN levels are inversely related with presence and complexity of CAD. Within this context, we sought to compare levels of total APN and its high molecular weight form (HMW APN) according to clinical presentation and extent of CAD in patients undergoing elective cardiac catheterization. From March 2008 to June 2010, clinical data and blood samples for APN and HMW APN measurements were collected from 415 subjects undergoing cardiac catheterization at two tertiary centers. CAD extent was estimated by the number of coronary arteries with significant stenosis (≥70% obstruction in a major coronary artery) and by Duke Jeopardy Score (DJS). Serum APN levels were similar between groups with stable or unstable CAD (APN 9.20±5.88 vs 9.47±6.23 μg/mL, P=0.738, and HMW APN 5.31±3.72 vs 5.91±4.16 μg/mL, P=0.255), even after stratification by the number of arteries involved (single-vessel vs multivessel disease: APN 9.39±5.76 vs 9.26±6.27 μg/mL, P=0.871; HMW APN 5.29±3.79 vs 5.83±4.04 μg/mL, P=0.306) and DJS score (APN, P=0.718; HMW APN, P=0.276). We conclude that APN and HMW APN serum levels are similar across clinical presentations and different extents of CAD, despite being significantly lower in the presence of obstructive CAD.

RESUMO: O objetivo do presente trabalho é descrever os principais aspectos epidemiológicos, clínico-patológicos e radiológicos de malformações em pequenos ruminantes no semiárido do estado da Bahia. Foram realizadas visitas técnicas em 41 propriedades rurais no município de Uauá, Bahia, e em cada uma delas foi aplicado um questionário epidemiológico. Adicionalmente, quando se observavam casos de malformações, os animais eram avaliados vivos ou mortos. Foram necropsiados oito animais (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 e 8), e dois (7 e 8) foram submetidos a exame radiográfico. Sobre a alimentação do rebanho, 40 (97,56%) produtores rurais relataram o livre acesso de seus animais à vegetação nativa. Em relação à presença de Mimosa tenuiflora, 5 (12,2%) informaram que os animais tinham acesso à planta, 15 (36,6 %) disseram que tinham pouco contato, enquanto que 21 (51,2 %) relataram que não havia nenhum contato com a planta, pois essa espécie não estava presente em número relevante na região. Vinte e cinco dos 41 proprietários (60,98%) relataram o consumo de Poincianella pyramidalis. Foi constatado ainda que na maioria das propriedades havia muitas áreas invadidas por P. pyramidalis (80-90% da vegetação). As principais anormalidades relatadas pelos entrevistados em 36 propriedades foram artrogripose (87,80%), agnatia [22 (53,66%)], desvio lateral da mandíbula [11 (26,82%)], escoliose [6 (14,63%)], micrognatia [6 (14,63%)], fenda palatina [4 (9,75%)], crânio aumentado de tamanho [4 (9,75%)], microftalmia [2 (4,88%)], braquignatismo [1 (2,43%)], exoftalmia [1 (2,43%)] e deformidades múltiplas no crânio [1 (2,43%)]. No exame clínico de 13 animais com malformações, as principais alterações foram artrogripose bilateral dos membros torácicos (6/13); queilosquise (2/13); micrognatia (1/13) e má oclusão dentária (1/13). Considerando que algumas dessas malformações foram reproduzidas experimentalmente em caprinos pode-se sugerir P. pyramidalis como mais uma planta teratogênica para ruminantes no Nordeste do Brasil.

ABSTRACT: The aim of this paper is to describe the epidemiological, clinical-pathological and radiological aspects of malformations in small ruminants in the semi-arid state of Bahia. Technical visits were carried out in 41 rural properties in the city of Uauá, Bahia, and in each of them, an epidemiological questionnaire was applied. In addition, when malformations were observed, the animals were evaluated alive or dead. Eight animals (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8) were necropsied, and two (7 and 8) were submitted to radiographic examination. Regarding the feeding of the herd, 40 (97.56%) farmers reported the free access of their animals to the native vegetation. Regarding the presence of Mimosa tenuiflora, 5 (12.2%) said that the animals had access to the plant, 15 (36.6%) was informed they had little contact, while 21 (51.2%) reported that there was no contact with the plant, because this species were not present in a relevant number in the region. Twenty five out of 41 owners (60.98%) reported the consumption of Poincianella pyramidalis. It was also verified that in the majority of the properties there were many areas invaded by P. pyramidalis (80-90% of the vegetation). The main abnormalities reported by the interviewees on 36 properties were arthrogryposis (87.80%), agnatia [22 (53.66%)], lateral deviation of the mandible [11 (26.82%)], scoliosis [6 (14.63%)], micrognathia [6 (14.63%)], cleft palate [4 (9.75%)], skull enlarged in size [4 (9.75%)], microphthalmia [2 (4.88%)], braquignatism [1 (2.43%)], exophthalmia [1 (2.43%)] and, multiple deformities in the skull [1 (2.43%)]. In the clinical examination of 13 animals with malformations, the main alterations were bilateral arthrogryposis of the thoracic limbs (6/13); cleft lip (2/13); micrognathia (1/13) and dental malocclusion (1/13). Considering that some of these malformations were reproduced experimentally in goats, it is possible to suggest P. pyramidalis as another teratogenic plant for ruminants in Northeast Brazil.

RESUMO Objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos da tranquilização com meperidina, acepromazina e de sua associação sobre os parâmetros ecocardiográficos em cães. Foram utilizados 12 cães adultos, da raça Rottweiler, submetidos ao exame ecocardiográfico sem utilização de sedação (controle - TC) e a três protocolos de tratamento, utilizando-se meperidina (TM), acepromazina (TA) e a associação dos medicamentos (TMA). As variáveis foram analisadas pelo teste de Tukey (P<0,05). Observou-se que as médias obtidas na onda A do fluxo mitral em TA e TMA diminuíram significativamente com relação ao TM, que não diferiu do TC. Houve uma diminuição significativa no valor de movimento anular mitral (MAM) e excursão sistólica do plano anular tricúspide (ESPAT) no TA. Não houve diferença significativa para os valores de fração de encurtamento (FE) entre TA e os demais tratamentos. Entretanto, observou-se que 57,3% dos cães apresentaram valores de FE abaixo da normalidade. As alterações encontradas podem ser decorrentes dos efeitos hipotensores da acepromazina utilizada de forma isolada. Conclui-se que a meperidina ou sua associação com acepromazina não alteram os parâmetros ecocardiográficos em cães saudáveis e que a acepromazina, utilizada isoladamente, causa alteração nos parâmetros de função sistólica dos cães, não sendo recomendada para a contenção química dos cães submetidos ao ecocardiograma, o que poderia levar à má interpretação do exame.

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of sedation with meperidine, acepromazine and its association on the echocardiographic parameters in dogs. Twelve adult Rottweilers were used and subjected to the echocardiography examination without the use of sedation (control - CT) and subjected to three treatment protocols using meperidine (MT), acepromazine (AT), and the combination of drugs (MAT). Variables were analyzed by Tukey test (p<0,05). The averages obtained in A-wave of mitral inflow in AT and MAT decreased significantly compared to MT, which did not differ from CT. There was a significant decrease in the measurement of mitral annulus motion (MAM) and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) at TA. There was no significant difference in shortening fraction (SF) values between TA and other treatments. However, it was observed that 57.3% of the dogs showed SF values below the normal range for the species. All changes found may be due to the hypotensive effects of acepromazine used in isolation. In conclusion, meperidine or its association with acepromazine does not alter echocardiographic parameters in healthy dogs and acepromazine, used alone, causes changes in the parameters of systolic function and is not recommended for sedation of dogs submitted to echocardiogram, since it could cause a misinterpretation of the exam.

RESUMO O objetivo desse relato de caso foi descrever os achados clínicos e manejo terapêutico de um caso de adenocarcinoma papilífero do cólon descendente em um Beagle. O paciente apresentou fezes amolecidas, hematoquesia, tenesmo e disquesia. Exame clínico revelou alteração de achados ultrassonográficos do cólon descendente sugerindo colite e neoplasia. Após ressecção de massa local, análise histopatológica revelou enterite linfmoplasmocito leve e adenocarcinoma papilar do cólon. Enterectomia para ressecção tumoral e biopsia das lesões locais e tumores linfonodais foram realizadas. Após procedimento cirúrgico foi possível confirmar o diagnóstico prévio e o tumor foi classificado como adenocarcinoma papilar intraluminal intestinal, com margens cirúrgicas incompletas. Quimioterapia adjuvante foi realizada utilizando carboplatina, ciclofosfamida e piroxano, levando a remissão de sinais clínicos e ausência de alterações de imagem compatíveis com situação clínica prévia do paciente.

ABSTRACT The aim of this report was to describe the clinical findings and therapeutic management of a case of papillary adenocarcinoma of the descending colon in a Beagle. The patient presented soft stools, haematochezia, tenesmus, and dyschezia. Clinical examination revealed alterations on the ultrasonographic features of the descending colon suggestive of colitis and neoplasia. Following local mass resection, histopathology analysis revealed mild lymphoplasmocytic enteritis and papillary adenocarcinoma of the colon. Enterectomy for tumoral resection and biopsy of locoregional lymph nodes were carried out. Subsequent to the surgical procedure, it was possible to confirm the previous diagnosis and the tumor was classified as intestinal intraluminal papillary adenocarcinoma, with incomplete surgical margins. Adjuvant chemotherapy was performed using carboplatin, cyclophosphamide, and piroxicam, leading to remission of clinical signs and absence of any clinical or imaging alterations compatible with the patient’s previous clinical condition.

Resumo Objetivo: Descrever o desempenho de um protocolo radiográfico em flexão fixa sem fluoroscopia em incidência PA com um novo posicionador, desenvolvido para a avaliação da osteoartrite de joelho (OA) no estudo ELSA-Brasil ME. Material e métodos: Fez-se um estudo de teste e reteste que incluiu 19 adultos (38 imagens de joelho). A viabilidade do protocolo radiográfico foi avaliada por meio de parâmetros de qualidade da imagem e presença de alinhamento radioanatômico de acordo com as medidas da distância intermarginal (DIM). Avaliaram-se a repetibilidade dos valores de DIM e do espaço articular (EA) em três locais diferentes. Resultados: Aproximadamente 90% das imagens de joelho apresentaram uma qualidade excelente. As frequências de imagens com alinhamento radioanatômico quase perfeito (DIM<1mm) variaram de 29% a 50%, e de alinhamento satisfatório (DIM<1,5mm e <1,7mm) de 71% a 76%, respectivamente. As análises de repetibilidade produziram os seguintes resultados: DIM [DP da média das diferenças = 1,08; coeficiente de variação (% CV) = 54,68%; coeficiente de correlação intraclasse (CCI) (IC 95%) = 0,59 (0,34 a 0,77)]; EA [DP da média das diferenças = 0,34 a 0,61; % CV = 4,48% a 9,80%; CCI (IC 95%) = 0,74 (0,55 a 0,85) a 0,94 (0,87 a 0,97]. Encontraram-se medidas adequadamente reprodutíveis de DIM e EA em 68% e 87% das imagens, respectivamente. Conclusões: Apesar da dificuldade de obter um alinhamento radioanatômico consistente entre radiografias repetidas em termos de DIM, o protocolo produziu medições de EA altamente repetíveis quando essas foram tomadas no ponto médio e a 10 mm da extremidade medial do platô tibial medial. Portanto, as medidas de EA nesses locais podem ser consideradas adequadas para a avaliação da OA de joelho no estudo ELSA-Brasil ME.

Abstract Objective: To describe the performance of a non-fluoroscopic fixed-flexion PA radiographic protocol with a new positioning device, developed for the assessment of knee osteoarthritis (OA) in Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health Musculoskeletal Study (ELSA-Brasil MSK). Material and methods: A test–retest design including 19 adults (38 knee images) was conducted. Feasibility of the radiographic protocol was assessed by image quality parameters and presence of radioanatomic alignment according to intermargin distance (IMD) values. Repeatability was assessed for IMD and joint space width (JSW) measured at three different locations. Results: Approximately 90% of knee images presented excellent quality. Frequencies of nearly perfect radioanatomic alignment (IMD ≤1 mm) ranged from 29% to 50%, and satisfactory alignment was found in up to 71% and 76% of the images (IMD ≤1.5 mm and ≤1.7 mm, respectively). Repeatability analyses yielded the following results: IMD [SD of mean difference = 1.08; coefficient of variation (%CV) = 54.68%; intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) (95%CI) = 0.59 (0.34–0.77)]; JSW [SD of mean difference = 0.34–0.61; %CV = 4.48%–9.80%; ICC (95%CI) = 0.74 (0.55–0.85)–0.94 (0.87–0.97)]. Adequately reproducible measurements of IMD and JSW were found in 68% and 87% of the images, respectively. Conclusions: Despite the difficulty in achieving consistent radioanatomic alignment between subsequent radiographs in terms of IMD, the protocol produced highly repeatable JSW measurements when these were taken at midpoint and 10 mm from the medial extremity of the medial tibial plateau. Therefore, measurements of JSW at these locations can be considered adequate for the assessment of knee OA in ELSA-Brasil MSK.

ABSTRACT Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) Bertoni, Asteraceae, is used as a food additive because its leaves are a source of steviol glycosides. There are examples of tissue culture based on micropropagation and phytochemical production of S. rebaudiana leaves but there are few studies on adventitious root culture of S. rebaudiana. More than 90% of the plants used in industry are harvested indiscriminately. In order to overcome this situation, the development of methodologies that employ biotechnology, such as root culture, provides suitable alternatives for the sustainable use of plants. The aim of this study was to compare morpho-anatomical transverse sections of S. rebaudiana roots grown in vitro and in vivo. The in vitro system used to maintain root cultures consisted of a gyratory shaker under dark and light conditions and a roller bottle system. Transverse sections of S. rebaudiana roots grown in vitro were structurally and morphologically different when compared to the control plant; roots artificially maintained in culture media can have their development affected by the degree of media aeration, sugar concentration, and light. GC–MS and TLC confirmed that S. rebaudiana roots grown in vitro have the ability to produce metabolites, which can be similar to those produced by wild plants.