RESUMO - RACIONAL: O diabetes tipo 2 (DM2) é uma doença de impacto mundial que tem levado ao aumento de comorbidades e mortalidade em vários países. A imunoexpressão dos hormônios incretínicos glp-1 e pyy3-36, pode ser usada como marcador no trato gastrointestinal para analisar a atividade da célula L em resposta ao tratamento do DM2. OBJETIVO: O presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar a presença, localização e secreção de células L no intestino delgado de pacientes submetidos à forma de cirurgia bariátrica denominada gastroenteromentectomia adaptativa com bipartição parcial. MÉTODOS: Ensaios imunohistoquímicos, reação quantitativa em cadeia de polimerase em tempo real (qPCR) e análise de manchas ocidentais foram realizados em amostras de mucosa intestinal de pacientes com diabetes tipo 2 nos períodos pré- e pós-operatório. RESULTADOS: Todos os resultados foram consistentes e indicaram expressão basal e secreção de peptídeos glucagon-1 (GLP-1) e peptídeos YY (PYY3-36) incretinas por células L. Uma maior densidade de células foi demonstrada nas porções mais distais do intestino delgado. Não foi encontrada diferença significativa entre os níveis de expressão GLP-1 e PYY3-36 nos períodos pré-operatório e pós-operatório, provavelmente devido ao estado de jejum prolongado durante o qual as amostras foram coletadas CONCLUSÃO: O maior número de células L em atividade implica melhor sinalização de peptídeo, resposta e funcionamento do sistema neuroendócrino.

ABSTRACT - BACKGROUND: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a disease of global impact that has led to an increase in comorbidities and mortality in several countries. Immunoexpression of the incretin hormones such as glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and peptide YY (3-36) (PYY3-36) can be used as a scorer in the gastrointestinal tract to analyze L-cell activity in response to T2DM treatment. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the presence, location, and secretion of L cells in the small intestine of patients undergoing the form of bariatric surgery denominated adaptive gastroenteromentectomy with partial bipartition. METHODS: Immunohistochemical assays, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and Western blot analysis were performed on samples of intestinal mucosa from patients with T2DM in both the preoperative and postoperative periods. RESULTS: All results were consistent and indicated basal expression and secretion of GLP-1 and PYY3-36 incretins by L cells. A greater density of cells was demonstrated in the most distal portions of the small intestine. No significant difference was found between GLP-1 and PYY3-36 expression levels in the preoperative and postoperative periods because of prolonged fasting during which the samples were collected. CONCLUSION: The greater number of L cells in activity implies better peptide signaling, response, and functioning of the neuroendocrine system.

Abstract The study evaluated the ecology of soil invertebrate faunal communities in periodically flooded forest (CF) fragments and anthropic fields (AF) in the Atlantic Forest. The sampling occurred in the rainy and dry seasons using pitfall traps. We estimated the total activity, richness, diversity, and evenness as well as the activity of the taxonomic and functional groups. Total activity and richness varied as a function of seasonality. Entomobryomorpha, Poduromorpha, and Symphypleona were the most representative taxonomic groups. Enchytraeidae and Blattaria were exclusive to CF. Auchenorrhyncha, Chilopoda, Heteroptera, and Thysanoptera were exclusive to AF. The functional group of microphagous/saprophagous (M/S) showed the highest activity, independent of the environment and season. Greater dissimilarity was observed among the invertebrate fauna in AF when compared to CF. Periodically flooded areas favored groups from the saprophagous trophic guild, while AF areas favored predator and herbivore groups. Soil fauna present in forest environments presented less seasonal variability.

RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar a gravidade da infecção por COVID-19 em pacientes oncológicos, determinando os aspectos clínicos e epidemiológicos associados ao pior desfecho, seja em termos de mortalidade, necessidade de internação em unidade de terapia intensiva ou ventilação mecânica. Métodos Pacientes com câncer e diagnóstico confirmado por laboratório de COVID-19 foram identificados nos bancos de dados de um hospital oncológico entre 16 de março e 29 de maio de 2020. Os dados coletados incluíram história, idade, sexo e comorbidades dos pacientes, além dos tipos de câncer e do tratamento anticâncer. Resultados Dentre os 105 pacientes analisados, a idade variou de 18 a 92 anos, e 80,9% eram do sexo feminino. Dispneia foi o sintoma inicial mais prevalente entre os que morreram (30,4%). No momento do diagnóstico da infecção, 57,1% apresentavam doença metastática e 60% performance status ruim (Eastern Cooperative Oncologic Group ≥2). A taxa de mortalidade geral foi 40,95% e superior entre os homens e pacientes com baixo nível de performance status (p<0,0001). Conclusão Este coorte é um dos estudos mais robustos do Brasil, descrevendo características clínicas e epidemiológicas de pacientes com câncer e COVID-19. Os achados do estudo alertam para a vulnerabilidade dos pacientes oncológicos na pandemia atual e demonstram alta mortalidade por COVID-19 em pacientes do sexo masculino e com pior performance status. Essa análise pode ajudar a selecionar os pacientes que podem se beneficiar de isolamento rigoroso e até mesmo da interrupção do tratamento, reduzindo a exposição à infecção.

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate the severity of COVID-19 in cancer patients to describe clinical and epidemiological factors associated with poor outcomes (mortality and need of intensive care unit admission or mechanical ventilation). Methods Retrospective data from patients with cancer and laboratory diagnosis of COVID-19, obtained between March 16 and May 29, 2020, were retrieved out of a cancer center database. Data analyzed included patient history, age, sex, comorbidities, types of cancer and anticancer therapy. Results This sample comprised 105 patients aged 18-92 years, 80.9% of whom were females. Dyspnea was the most prevalent initial symptom (30.4%) among patients who died (p<0.0001). Overall, 57.1% of patients had metastatic disease and 60% had poor performance status (Eastern Cooperative Oncologic Group ≥2) at the time of COVID-19 diagnosis. The overall mortality rate was 40.95%. Mortality rates were higher in male patients and those with poor performance status (p<0.0001). Conclusion This cohort is one of the largest Brazilian studies describing clinical and epidemiological features of patients with cancer and concurrent COVID-19. Findings of this study emphasize the vulnerability of cancer patients in the current pandemic, and indicate high mortality from COVID-19 among male cancer patients and cancer patients with poor performance status. This analysis may assist the selection of patients who may benefit from strict isolation and eventual discontinuation of anticancer therapy to reduce exposure to infection.

ABSTRACT. The aim of this study was to obtain information for the genetic improvement of kale through repeatability and phenotypic stabilization studies and to compare methodologies that represent the reliability of the estimated parameters. Thirty-three half-sib progenies were evaluated in a randomized block design with three replicates and six plants per plot. Eight harvests were evaluated in terms of the yield of fresh leaves, number of shoots, number of leaves and average mass of leaves. Then, a phenotypic repeatability and stabilization study was performed, estimating the genetic parameters σ2a, σ²g, σ²e, and the coefficient of environmental variation and repeatability using the frequentist and Bayesian methodologies. To evaluate the reliability of these estimates, intervals were obtained using the frequentist, Bayesian and bootstrap methods. It was verified that the reliable selection of progenies of half-sib of kale can be achieved in four harvests that were realized between 95 and 170 days after planting. It was observed that the frequentist and Bayesian methodologies are better suited to obtain reliable estimates of the genetic parameters evaluated, as the last one provided smaller amplitudes for the obtained intervals. The bootstrap methodologies are not recommended for phenotypic repeatability and stabilization studies in kale.

Resumo Neste trabalho é apresentado um método para mapeamento 3D de ambientes internos usando dados RGB-D. Há basicamente dois aspectos importantes a serem discutidos neste trabalho: 1) o método explora um esforço conjunto entre o algoritmo SURF e um modelo matemático baseado em uma abordagem disparidade-a-plano para registo de nuvens de pontos. Uma vez que a tarefa de registro das nuvens de pontos acumula erros, ocorrem erros de fechamento; 2) A matriz de variância-covariância que descreve a incerteza dos parâmetros de transformação (rotação 3D e translação 3D) é usada para a deteção de erro de fechamento na tarefa de otimização baseada em grafos. Para demonstrar e avaliar a eficácia do método proposto foram usados conjuntos de dados experimentais obtidos em três ambientes internos com diferentes níveis de detalhes. Os resultados experimentais mostram que o método proposto pode criar mapas 3D com um erro de 11,97 cm que corresponde a uma acurácia posicional em torno de 1,5% da distância de 9 m percorrida pelo sensor.

Abstract In this paper, we present a method for 3D mapping of indoor environments using RGB-D data. The contribution of our proposed method is two-fold. First, our method exploits a joint effort of the speed-up robust features (SURF) algorithm and a disparity-to-plane model for a coarse-to-fine registration procedure. Once the coarse-to-fine registration task accumulates errors, the same features can appear in two different locations of the map. This is known as the loop closure problem. Then, the variance-covariance matrix that describes the uncertainty of transformation parameters (3D rotation and 3D translation) for view-based loop closure detection followed by a graph-based optimization are proposed to achieve a 3D consistent indoor map. To demonstrate and evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method, experimental datasets obtained in three indoor environments with different levels of details are used. The experimental results shown that the proposed framework can create 3D indoor maps with an error of 11,97 cm into object space that corresponds to a positional imprecision around 1,5% at the distance of 9 m travelled by sensor.

ABSTRACT It is presented the theme additivity of biomass of tree components. To evaluate and discuss this context, experimental information collected in forests of Acacia mearnsii De Wild. was used. Equations for components (stem and crown) and total biomass were fitted by means of two procedures: 1) generalized nonlinear least squares and 2) weighted-nonlinear seemingly unrelated regressions. Analyzing the performance of the estimators, it can be concluded that the two tested procedures are equivalent. On the other hand, this conclusion differs when evaluated the consistency and efficiency of the estimators. Fitting equations for the components and for the total biomass by an independent way is not realistic, because from a biological point of view the estimates of biomass are inconsistent, i.e., are not additive. The biomass estimates of the components and of the total, resulting from equations adjusted by means of systems of equations, provided narrower confidence intervals in relation to the equations adjusted independently, and is therefore more efficient. The second procedure presents better biological properties and statistics to estimate allometric equations for biomass of the components and for the total when compared with the independent estimation, thus it should be the method to be used.

Resumo: Investigou-se a eficiência e formações de clusters nos contratos futuros do complexo soja (soja, farelo de soja e óleo de soja) negociados nas bolsas de commodities: argentina, brasileira, chinesa, indiana, japonesa, norte-americana e sul-africana. Com base na métrica obtida por distância euclidiana de razões de variância, evidenciaram-se dependências similares dos mercados, as quais podem ser interpretadas como efeito espraiamento da eficiência informacional. Os agentes devem, portanto, manter percepções em relação aos diversos mercados devido às sinalizações interdependentes dos preços.

Abstract: We analyzed the efficiency and the presence of clusters in the soybean complex future contracts (soybean, soybean meal and soybean oil) traded in the following future markets: Argentina (MTB), Brazil (BVMF), China (DCE), India (NCD), Japan (TKT), US (CBT) and South-Africa (SAF). Based on the metrics obtained by Euclidian distances of variance ratios, similar dependencies were found for all markets. The results suggest informational efficiency spread. Therefore, agents shall maintain perceptions over several international markets, given the interdependence found for prices in separate future markets.

RESUMO O dimensionamento econômico ótimo de redes de distribuição de água tem sido objeto de estudo de diversos pesquisadores e projetistas, e representa uma relevante parte nas ações de saneamento básico. No entanto, até então, aborda-se somente o custo de implantação, considerando que o custo dos condutos é um dos elementos de maior peso no projeto. Assim, o problema resume-se a dimensionar os condutos tendo como objetivo atingir uma rede de menor custo e que satisfaça os pré-requisitos hidráulicos mínimos de dimensionamento. Isso conduz necessariamente à escolha de uma rede cuja combinação de condutos de menor diâmetro possível e que também seja capaz de satisfazer as restrições hidráulicas. Nossa abordagem, inédita até agora no Brasil, considera, adicionalmente, o custo de manutenção ao longo da vida útil da rede, tendo em vista que, se por um lado os condutos de maior diâmetro são mais caros, por outro lado, sofrem menos os efeitos da rugosidade e apresentam uma frequência menor de manutenção que os condutos de menor diâmetro, levando, assim, a uma rede que, ao longo da vida útil do projeto, apresenta um custo menor. Assim, obtém-se um equilíbrio entre o custo de implantação e o custo de manutenção da rede.

ABSTRACT The optimum economic sizing of a water distribution network has been focus of study for many researches and projectors, and represent a relevant part of sanitation programs. But, by now, the known works approaches only the implantation cost, considering that the pipes have biggest heavy in the project. So, the problem is reduced to sizing pipes which objective is reach a cheaper network and satisfying the minimum hydraulic prerequisites. This leads to the choice of a network with pipes of minor diameters since this choice satisfies the hydraulics restrictions. New in Brazil by now, our approach consider too the maintenance cost throughout life span of network. It because, if in one way the larger diameters are more expensive, in an other, it are more resistant to break and to rugosity effects. This leads to a network of minimum maintenance cost throughout its life span. Then, we reach the equilibrium between the implantation cost and the maintenance cost.

Objetivou-se neste estudo analisar a eficiência dos mercados futuros agropecuários brasileiros, sob a hipótese adaptativa de mercado. Utilizando propostas recentes à não linearidade e razão de variância, encontrou-se que as elevadas rejeições à hipótese de diferença martingal se encontram nos mercados em que as intervenções governamentais se fazem presentes: milho e etanol. Nos mercados de café, boi gordo e soja ocorreram menores rejeições à hipótese martingal e, portanto, houve maior eficiência informacional. Essas evidências - consistentes com a hipótese adaptativa dos mercados -justificam operações de hedge dinâmicas, bem como a gerência de carteiras de investimentos de forma ativa.

This study aims to analyze the degree of efficiency of Brazilian agricultural future markets, under the adaptive market hypothesis. Through recent developments for Nonlinearity and Variance Ratio tests, it has been shown that the rejections to the martingale difference hypothesis at high levels are found in markets that governmental intervention is recurrent-i.e., corn and ethanol. Concerning coffee, live cattle, and soybeans markets, weaker rejections to the martingale hypothesis indicate a higher level of informational efficiency in these three markets when compared to both corn and ethanol future markets. These evidences-consistent with the adaptive market hypothesis-justify dynamic hedge operations, as well as an active management of investment portfolios in such markets.

Neste trabalho é apresentado um método adaptativo para registro e mapeamento de ambientes internos com regiões de pouca textura usando dados derivados de câmeras RGB-D. Basicamente, quatro pontos principais envolvidos no desenvolvimento do método são aqui discutidos: a calibração dos sensores integrados no dispositivo Kinect; o registro dos pares de nuvens de pontos 3D adquiridas sucessivamente pelo sensor de imageamento; a inclusão de pesos no algoritmo ICP baseado em abordagem ponto-a-ponto; e o refinamento dos parâmetros de transformação empregando uma análise de consistência global. A calibração dos sensores é feita usando o método de Zhang. O modelo de corpo rígido 3D é empregado para calcular os parâmetros de transformação. Um método adaptativo é proposto para inclusão de pesos baseados na precisão teórica das medidas de profundidade. Um modelo linear capaz de refinar simultaneamente o conjunto de parâmetros de transformação é proposto para a análise da consistência global. Experimentos foram conduzidos para avaliar a eficiência do método proposto e os resultados obtidos mostraram sua potencialidade

In this paper an adaptive method for indoor mapping and registration of environment with texture less regions using RGB-D data is presented. Basically, four main points involved in the method are here discussed: the calibration of the sensors integrated in the Kinect device; the registration of 3D point clouds pairs acquired successively by the imaging sensor; the inclusion of weights in the point-to-point ICP algorithm; and a global adjustment for the refinement of transformation parameters. The sensors calibration is realized using the Zhang method. The 3D rigid body model is employed to calculate the transformation parameters. The weights are defined based on the theoretical accuracy of depth measurements. A linear model is proposed for global adjustment. Experiments were conducted and the results showed the efficiency and potentially of the proposed method.

RESUMO: Objetivou-se verificar a influência dos fatores socioeconômicos na disposição de 407 consumidores em hipermercados do município de Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, em adquirir carne bovina com certificação de origem e verificar as características inerentes ao produto que auxiliam o consumidor no momento da compra, considerando o seu conhecimento prévio sobre rastreabilidade e certificação de origem. Foi realizada uma análise descritiva de todas as variáveis e, posteriormente, realizada a análise univariada pelo teste do qui-quadrado ou exato de Fischer. As variáveis foram adicionadas no modelo múltiplo da regressão logística Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) e para todas as variáveis presentes no modelo final (p ≤ 0,05) foi calculado o risco por meio da odds ratio (OR) ajustada a um intervalo de confiança de 95%. Todos os fatores socioeconômicos analisados (sexo, idade, renda e escolaridade) influenciaram na disposição de consumidores em adquirir carne bovina com certificação de origem. Os atributos intrínsecos mais importantes na tomada de decisão no momento da compra da carne foram cor, maciez, odor e a pouca quantidade de gordura; enquanto que os atributos extrínsecos foram preço, selo de qualidade e carimbo do SIF. A maioria dos consumidores conhece o conceito correto de rastreabilidade e acreditam que o maior benefício da carne rastreada é oferecer mais segurança e evitar riscos de doenças transmitidas pelos alimentos; e a desvantagem é ser um produto mais caro do que o convencional.

ABSTRACT: The present study aimed to verify the influence of socioeconomic factors in the provision of 407 consumers in supermarkets in the city of Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil, in purchasing beef with certification of origin and to verify the inherent characteristics of the product that help the consumer at the time of purchase, considering their prior knowledge about traceability and certification of origin. A descriptive analysis of all variables was performed and a univariate analysis was subsequently conducted by chi-square test. The variables were added in the multiple logistic regression model Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE), and for all variables in the final model (p ≤ 0.05) the risk was calculated by the adjusted odds ratio (OR) to a range of 95% confidence. All socioeconomic factors examined (gender, age, income and education) influence the willingness of consumers to purchase beef with certification of origin. The most important intrinsic attributes in decision making when buying meat were the color, softness, odor and little amount of fat, whereas the extrinsic attributes were price, quality seal and stamp of the SIF. Most of the consumers know the correct concept of traceability and believe that the greatest benefit of the traced meat is to be safer and to avoid the risk of foodborne illness; and the disadvantage is to be a more expensive product than the conventional.

ResumoObjetivou-se testar a hipótese de passeio aleatório a contratos futuros agropecuários negociados na BM&FBOVESPA. Refutá-la, significa possível previsibilidade e, por conseguinte, osmercados não seriamfracamente eficientes. Correlações seriais e testes de razão de variância foram utilizados para verificá-las. Os resultados deram suporte à hipótese de passeio aleatório nos mercados futuros de café e da soja, eficientes na forma fraca, e evidências contrárias foram encontradas nos mercados do boi gordo, milho e etanol.

AbstractWe aim to test the random walk hypothesis to agricultural future contracts traded at the Brazilian Board of Trade (BM&FBOVESPA). Refute this hypothesis means possible predictability, therefore these markets are not weakly efficient. We used tests of serial correlation and variance ratio to verify them. Our results do not reject the random walk hypothesis in coffee and soybeans markets but contrary evidences were found for live cattle, corn and ethanol markets.

Captive breeding of bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeianus) is of great economic potential, mainly for its thighs and leather. The nutritional quality of frog meat includes properly balanced amino acids with a protein profile of high biological value, low fat and low cholesterol, and high digestibility due to its short chain molecule structure. It is recommended by doctors and nutritionists, especially for protein restricted children or malnourished children. Aiming to aggregate value to the segment and offer a product with nutritional properties that meet the need of children aged six months and above, a meat product based on the composition of frog meat was developed experimentally. To ensure raw material quality after bleaching and deboning, the microbiota present in the frog meat was determined. The analyses were performed according to Brazilian laws. It was observed that the resident and transient microbiota met the standards set by regulations. The results found were: mesophyll 4.5 x 10(4) CFU/g; Staphylococcus coagulase positive 2.0 x 10² CFU/g; negative for Salmonella sp. and Aeromonas spp. The findings indicate that the raw material showed satisfactory sanitation even in terms of family industry.

The effects of liquid vinasse (LV) in the diet for growing rabbits on performance, carcass yield and intestinal morphometry were assessed. Eighty New Zealand white rabbits were used in a randomized block design with five treatments (LV inclusion at 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 g/kg diet) and four replications. There was no effect of the treatment on final weight, daily weight gain, mortality rate and carcass yield characteristics. The daily intakes of feed, dry matter, crude protein and energy and feed conversion decreased linearly with increase in LV in the diet. Including LV affected the duodenum crypt depth and the ilium villus perimeter and height linearly and affected the duodenum villus perimeter, height and the absorption surfaces and ilium crypt depth and absorption surface quadratically. There was no effect of including LV on jejunum morphometry. Vinasse can be used to feed growing rabbits at up to 87.8 g per kilogram of diet.

O artigo procura identificar e analisar a evolução das aglomerações produtivas do setor confeccionista no Sul do Brasil. Dois fatores alicerçam o procedimento metodológico: proximidade geográfica e concentração setorial, combinados por Análise Espacial de Concentração. O primeiro, proximidade geográfica, por meio da Análise Exploratória de Dados Espaciais, e o segundo, concentração setorial, por meio da construção do índice de Concentração normalizado. Os resultados evidenciaram a transposição positiva dos aglomerados. Além disso, verificou-se evolução para o Estado do Paraná, tanto em transborda mento como em concentração espacial. Observou-se estabilidade em spillover, mas com forte concentração, no Estado de Santa Catarina.

The aim of this paper is to identify and analyze the evolution of productive agglomerations in the Southern Brazil's clothing sector. Two factors underpin the methodological procedure: geographic proximity and sectoral concentration, combined by spatial concentration analysis. The first one by Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis, and the second by constructing the normalized Concentration Index. The results show: positive spillover of the agglomerations beyond municipal and even state boundaries; remarkable progress for the State of Paraná, as much in spillover as in concentration; stability in spillover to the clusters' municipalities, but with strong concentration, in the state of Santa Catarina.