ABSTRACT Objective To reduce surgical center idleness by analyzing the competitive structure of the surgical center in a hospital, and thereby generate value in operations and increase hospital revenue. Methods The study used qualitative and quantitative methods and an action research approach involving the surgical center leadership of a small private specialized hospital in southeastern Brazil. We used the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats or SWOT tool to analyze the competitive structure of the surgical center and then implemented interventions as proposed by the science of improvement method proposed by the Institute of Healthcare Improvement. Results By applying the SWOT tool, we identified a concentration of surgeries in the specialty of Otolaryngology and the need to establish a health management system to reduce the idleness of the operating rooms. Based on subsequent intervention, procedures from other specialties were inserted that increased surgical production by 2.62X, reduced idleness by 67.84%, and increased revenue by over US$ 276,609.87 in 2018 compared to the previous year 2017. Conclusion Investing in quality, surgical schedule management, and inducting new surgeons to the clinical staff resulted in decreased surgical idleness, increased production, better uniformity in scheduling, and increased revenue, while costs remained below the linear trend, allowing for increased profits.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Chikungunya chronic joint disease causes debilitating arthralgia, significantly impacting the quality of life of affected individuals. Methods: In this study, patients underwent clinical follow-ups, joint biopsies, and pre-biopsy and 24 months post-biopsy serum dosage of cytokines. Results: All participants were female and had pain in 12 joints on average, with 41.17% exhibiting moderate disease activity. Histopathological analysis revealed collagen deposition. Indirect immunofluorescence detected the CHIKV glycoprotein E1 antigen, and an increase in cytokines. Conclusions: Persistent inflammation and ineffective antiviral immune responses leading to antigen persistence may contribute to chronic CHIKV arthritis.

Abstract BACKGROUND: Standard precautions (SPs) are recommended safety measures for healthcare professionals to follow, with a view to preventing healthcare-related infections (HCRIs) and for their own protection. Inadequate adherence to these measures can lead to occurrences of occupational accidents and HCRIs. OBJECTIVES: To ascertain the knowledge of and adherence to SP measures among the nursing staff of a hemodialysis service and the relationship of these variables to occurrences of work accidents with biological material. DESIGN AND SETTING: Descriptive cross-sectional and correlational study with a quantitative approach developed in a hemodialysis clinic in Minas Gerais. METHODS: Data were collected through sociodemographic questionnaires and questionnaires on knowledge of and adherence to SPs. RESULTS: 29 professionals participated in the study. It is noteworthy that all of them had already participated in training related to SPs. However, no relationship was identified between knowledge of (15.17 points) and adherence to (71.86 points) SPs. In addition, inferential analysis showed that there was a relationship between suffering a work accident with biological material and the sociodemographic data and knowledge of and adherence to standard precautions. CONCLUSION: Knowledge of the SPs that had been established did not mean mastery of the subject. Despite positive results regarding adherence, factors requiring improvement were observed. It was possible to infer the characteristics that gave rise to greater risk of occurrences of accidents at work. Thus, this study showed the importance of assessing knowledge of and adherence to SP, in order to optimize and direct continuing education towards resolving occupational exposure.

Objetivo: avaliar as evidências sobre superfícies de suporte efetivas para prevenção de lesão por pressão no período intraoperatório. Método: revisão sistemática. A busca dos estudos primários foi conduzida em sete bases de dados. A amostra foi composta por 10 pesquisas. A síntese dos resultados foi realizada na forma descritiva e por meio de metanálise. Resultados: na comparação de superfícies de suporte de baixa tecnologia com o cuidado usual (colchão padrão de mesa cirúrgica), a metanálise demonstrou que não existe diferença estatisticamente significante entre as intervenções investigadas (Risco Relativo = 0,88; IC95%: 0,30-2,39). O teste de inconsistência de Higgins indicou heterogeneidade considerável entre os estudos (I2 = 83%). A avaliação da certeza da evidência foi muito baixa. Na comparação de superfícies de suporte de alta tecnologia com as de baixa tecnologia, a metanálise evidenciou que existe diferença estatisticamente significante entre as intervenções estudadas, sendo as de alta tecnologia as mais efetivas (Risco Relativo = 0,17; IC95%: 0,05-0,53). A heterogeneidade pode ser classificada como não importante (I2 = 0%). A avaliação da certeza da evidência foi moderada. Conclusão: o uso de superfície de suporte de alta tecnologia é a medida efetiva para prevenção de lesão por pressão no período intraoperatório.

Objective: to evaluate evidence on effectiveness support surfaces for pressure injury prevention in the intraoperative period. Method: systematic review. The search for primary studies was conducted in seven databases. The sample consisted of 10 studies. The synthesis of the results was carried out descriptively and through meta-analysis. Results: when comparing low-tech support surfaces with regular care (standard surgical table mattress), the meta-analysis showed that there is no statistically significant difference between the investigated interventions (Relative Risk = 0.88; 95%CI: 0.30-2.39). The Higgins inconsistency test indicated considerable heterogeneity between studies (I2 = 83%). The assessment of the certainty of the evidence was very low. When comparing high-tech and low-tech support surfaces, the meta-analysis showed that there is a statistically significant difference between the interventions studied, with high-tech being the most effective (Relative Risk = 0.17; 95%CI: 0.05-0.53). Heterogeneity can be classified as not important (I2 = 0%). The assessment of certainty of evidence was moderate. Conclusion: the use of high-tech support surfaces is an effective measure to prevent pressure injuries in the intraoperative period.

Objetivo: evaluar las evidencias sobre superficies de apoyo efectivas para la prevención de lesión por presión durante el período intraoperatorio. Método: revisión sistemática. La búsqueda de estudios primarios se realizó en siete bases de datos. La muestra estuvo formada por 10 investigaciones. La síntesis de los resultados se realizó de forma descriptiva y mediante metaanálisis. Resultados: al comparar las superficies de apoyo de baja tecnología con la atención habitual (colchón de mesa quirúrgica estándar), el metaanálisis demostró que no hay diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre las intervenciones investigadas (Riesgo Relativo = 0,88; IC95%: 0,30-2,39). La prueba de inconsistencia de Higgins indicó una heterogeneidad considerable entre los estudios (I2= 83%). La valoración de la certeza de la evidencia fue muy baja. Al comparar las superficies de apoyo de alta y baja tecnología, el metaanálisis mostró que existe una diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre las intervenciones estudiadas, siendo las de alta tecnología las más efectivas (Riesgo Relativo = 0,17; IC95%: 0,05-0,53). La heterogeneidad se puede clasificar como no importante (I2 = 0%). La evaluación de la certeza de la evidencia fue moderada. Conclusión: el uso de una superficie de apoyo de alta tecnología es una medida eficaz para prevenir lesiones por presión en el período intraoperatorio.

Resumo O filme de carbono semelhante a diamante (DLC) é um material de revestimento duro e biocompatível que pode impedir a corrosão com liberação de íons metálicos. Este estudo avaliou as características estruturais do filme de DLC, com e sem nanopartículas de prata (Ag), depositadas por plasma (PECVD) em liga de titânio (Ti-6Al-4V) e formação óssea em contato com filmes de DLC. Foram utilizadas 60 amostras de Ti-6Al-4V divididas em: não recobertas, recobertas com DLC e recobertas com DLC-Ag. Após caracterização estrutural, amostras foram fixadas bilateralmente na mandíbula de coelhos. Após 15 e 90 dias, as amostras foram novamente caracterizadas e a formação óssea na área foi analisada por histomorfometria. A análise estatística foi realizada por ANOVA dois fatores. Ambos os filmes DLC e DLC-Ag foram firmemente aderidos e mostraram uma alta resistência elétrica sem alterações significativas no espectro Raman após a osseointegração in vivo. Após 15 dias, havia trabéculas ósseas imaturas na interface e cobrindo parcialmente a superfície. Após 90 dias, o osso maduro preencheu a interface e a superfície. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre os três grupos nos dois períodos. Em conclusão, a osseointegração com DLC, DLC-Ag e Ti-6Al-4V não revestido é similar. No entanto, os revestimentos DLC e DLC-Ag têm a vantagem do isolamento elétrico e podem presumivelmente controlar a atividade bacteriana e a corrosão com liberação de íons.

Abstract Diamond-like carbon (DLC) film is a biocompatible hard coating material that can prevent the leaching of metal ions. This study evaluates the structural characteristics of DLC, with and without silver nanoparticles, deposited by plasma (PECVD) on titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) and bone formation in contact with DLC films. Sixty Ti-6Al-4V samples were used divided in: uncoated, coated with DLC and coated with DLC-Ag. After structural characterization, samples were fixed bilaterally at the rabbit's mandible. After 15 and 90 days, samples were characterized again and bone formation in the area was analyzed by histomorphometry. Statistical analysis was performed by two-way ANOVA. Both the DLC and DLC-Ag films were firmly adhered and showed a high electrical resistance without significant changes in the Raman spectrum after in vivo integration. After 15 days, there were immature bone trabeculae in the interface and partially covering the surface. After 90 days, mature bone filled the interface and coved the surface. There was no statistically significant difference among the three groups in both periods. In conclusion, osseointegration with DLC, DLC-Ag and uncoated Ti-6Al-4V is similar. However, DLC and DLC-Ag coverings have the advantage of electrical insulation and can presumably control bacterial activity and ion leaching.

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the factors associated with HIV/AIDS in patients with tuberculosis (TB) in Minas Gerais between 2006 and 2015 Methods: this is a cross-sectional study based on tuberculosis cases reported in the state of Minas Gerais between 2006 and 2015 in the database of the Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN). The prevalence of TB/HIV/AIDS patients associated with each explanatory variable was calculated, using multiple logistic regression with p < 0.05, and Pearson's chi-square and Fisher's exact tests with a significance level of 5% Results: the prevalence of TB/ HIV/AIDS co-infection during the study period was 9.4%, being associated with the following: gender; age; schooling; area of residence; alcohol consumption; clinical manifestation; associated disorders (diabetes and mental illness); diagnostic tests (X-Rays, sputum smear and sputum culture); and final status of individuals. Unknown values in the variables "area of residence”, "schooling” and "alcohol consumption” were more frequent in individuals with TB/HIV/AIDS co-infection. Conclusion: the factors associated with TB/HIV/AIDS co-infection include socio-economic, clinical, diagnostic, and follow-up factors. Recognizing these factors may contribute to new strategies to avoid or delay undesirable prognoses in this population.

RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar los factores asociados al VIH/SIDA en pacientes con tuberculosis (TB) en el Estado de Minas Gerais entre 2006 y 2015 Método: se trata de un estudio transversal basado en casos de tuberculosis reportados en el estado de Minas Gerais entre 2006 y 2015 en la base de datos del sistema de información de enfermedades de reporte obligatorio (SINAN). Se calculó la prevalencia de clientes TB/VIH/SIDA asociada con cada variable explicativa, utilizando regresión logística múltiple con < 0,05 y chi-cuadrado de Pearson y pruebas exactas de Fischer con un nivel de significancia del 5% Resultados: la prevalencia de coinfección TB/VIH/SIDA durante el período de estudio fue del 9,4% asociada a sexo, edad, escolaridad, área de residencia, consumo de alcohol, forma clínica, trastornos asociados (diabetes y enfermedad mental), pruebas de diagnóstico (radiografía, baviloscopíay cultivo de esputo)y situación de clausura de los individuos. Los valores ignorados en las variables zona de residencia, escolaridad y consumo de alcohol fueron más frecuentes en individuos con coinfección TB/VIH/SIDA. Conclusión: los factores asociados con la coinfección TB/VIH/SIDA incluyen aspectos socioeconómicos, clínicos, de diagnóstico y seguimiento de casos. El reconocimiento de estos factores puede contribuir al desarrollo de estrategias para evitar o postergar pronósticos no deseados en esta población.

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar os fatores associados a HIV/AIDS em pacientes com tuberculose (TB) em Minas Gerais entre os anos de 2006 e 2015 Métodos: trata-se de estudo transversal realizado a partir dos casos de tuberculose notificados no estado de Minas Gerais entre 2006 e 2015 na base de dados do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN). Calculou-se a prevalência de clientes TB/HIV/AIDS associada a cada variável explicativa, sendo utilizada regressão logística múltipla com p < 0,05 e testes qui-quadrado de Pearson e exato de Fisher com nível de significancia de 5% Resultados: a prevalência de coinfecção TB/HIV/ AIDS no período estudado foi de 9,4%, sendo associada a: sexo; idade; escolaridade; área de residência; uso de álcool; forma clínica; agravos associados (diabetes e doença mental); exames diagnósticos (Raios-X, baviloscopia e cultura de escarro); e situação de encerramento dos indivíduos. Valores ignorados nas variáveis área de residência, escolaridade e uso de álcool foram mais frequentes em indivíduos com coinfecção TB/HIV/AIDS. Conclusão: os fatores associados à coinfecção TB/HIV/AIDS incluem aspectos socioeconómicos, clínicos, do diagnóstico e acompanhamento de casos. O reconhecimento desses fatores pode contribuir para o desenvolvimento de estratégias para evitar ou postergar prognósticos indesejáveis nessa população.

Abstract INTRODUCTION: The state of São Paulo has been monitoring cases of microcephaly and pregnant women presenting with acute rash, through CeVeSP. METHODS: This was a descriptive study focusing on pregnant women with rash and the outcome of their pregnancy, based on the notifications through the CeVeSP. RESULTS: During 2016, 2,209 cases of pregnant women with rash were reported and investigated. Of these, 36.6% were confirmed. Of the pregnant women who tested positive for ZIKV, 6.4% did not have a favorable outcome. CONCLUSIONS Our results allowed the characterization of pregnant women exposed to ZIKV and the outcome of pregnancy.

Abstract Objective This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the cavity preparation and ceramic type on the stress distribution, tooth strain, fracture resistance and fracture mode of human molar teeth restored with onlays. Material and Methods Forty-eight molars were divided into four groups (n=12) with assorted combinations of two study factors: BL- conventional onlay preparation with boxes made from leucite ceramic (IPS-Empress CAD, Ivoclar Vivadent); NBL- conservative onlay preparation without boxes made from leucite ceramic; BD- conventional onlay preparation with boxes made from lithium disilicate glass ceramic (IPS e.max CAD, Ivoclar Vivadent); NBL- conservative onlay preparation with boxes made from lithium disilicate glass ceramic cuspal deformation (µS) was measured at 100 N and at maximum fracture load using strain gauge. Fracture resistance (N) was measured using a compression test, and the fracture mode was recorded. Finite element analysis was used to evaluate the stress distribution by modified von Mises stress criteria. The tooth strain and fracture resistance data were analyzed using the Tukey test and two-way ANOVA, and the fracture mode was analyzed by the chi-square test (α=0.05). Results The leucite ceramic resulted in higher tooth deformation at 100 N and lower tooth deformation at the maximum fracture load than the lithium disilicate ceramic (P<0.001). The lithium disilicate ceramic exhibited higher fracture resistance than the leucite ceramic (P<0.001). The conservative onlay resulted in higher fracture strength for lithium disilicate ceramic. Finite element analysis results showed the conventional cavity preparation resulted in higher stress concentration in the ceramic restoration and remaining tooth than the conservative onlay preparation. The conservative onlays exhibited increased fracture resistance, reduced stress concentration and more favorable fracture modes. Conclusion Molars restored with lithium disilicate CAD-CAM ceramic onlays exhibited higher fracture resistance than molars restored with leucite CAD-CAM ceramic onlays.

RESUMO Objetivo: identificar os fatores de risco para óbito em pacientes que sofreram eventos adversos não infecciosos. Método: estudo de coorte retrospectivo com pacientes que sofreram Eventos Adversos (EA) não infecciosos em uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva. Foi utilizado o método de Kaplan Meier para estimar a probabilidade condicional do óbito (teste log-rank 95%) e os fatores de risco associados ao óbito por meio da regressão de Cox. Resultados: pacientes acima de 50 anos apresentaram um risco de 1,57 vezes, indivíduos acometidos por infecção/sepse apresentaram quase 3 vezes o risco. Os pacientes com Simplified Acute Physiology Score III (SAPS3) superior a 60 pontos tiveram 4 vezes maior risco, enquanto os que possuíam escala de Charlson superior a 1 ponto apresentaram, aproximadamente, 2 vezes maior risco. A variável número de eventos adversos se mostrou como fator de proteção reduzindo o risco de óbito em até 78%. Conclusão: pacientes que sofreram evento adverso e que têm mais de 50 anos de idade, com infecção/sepse, maior gravidade, ou seja, SAPS 3>30 e Charlson >1, apresentaram maior risco de óbito, no entanto o maior número de EA não contribuiu para o aumento do risco de óbito.

ABSTRACT Objetive: to identify risk factors for death in patients who have suffered non-infectious adverse events. Method: a retrospective cohort study with patients who had non-infectious Adverse Events (AE) in an Intensive Care Unit. The Kaplan Meier method was used to estimate the conditional probability of death (log-rank test 95%) and the risk factors associated with death through the Cox regression. Results: patients over 50 years old presented a risk 1.57 times higher for death; individuals affected by infection/sepsis presented almost 3 times the risk. Patients with a Simplified Acute Physiology Score III (SAPS3) greater than 60 points had four times higher risk for death, while those with a Charlson scale greater than 1 point had approximately two times higher risk. The variable number of adverse events was shown as a protection factor reducing the risk of death by up to 78%. Conclusion: patients who had suffered an adverse event and who were more than 50 years of age, with infection/sepsis, greater severity, i.e., SAPS 3>30 and Charlson>1, presented higher risk of death. However, the greater number of AEs did not contributed to the increased risk of death.

RESUMEN Objetivo: identificar los factores de riesgo para óbito en pacientes que sufrieron eventos adversos no infecciosos. Método: estudio de cohorte retrospectivo con pacientes que sufrieron Eventos Adversos (EA) no infecciosos en una Unidad de Terapia Intensiva. Fue utilizado el método de Kaplan Meier para estimar la probabilidad condicional del óbito (test log-rank 95%) y los factores de riesgo asociados al óbito por medio de la regresión de Cox. Resultados: pacientes con más de 50 años presentaron un riesgo de 1,57 veces, individuos acometidos por infección/sepsis presentaron casi 3 veces el riesgo. Los pacientes con Simplified Acute Physiology Score III(SAPS3) superior a 60 puntos tuvieron 4 veces mayor riesgo, mientras los que poseían escala de Charlson superior a 1 punto presentaron, aproximadamente, 2 veces mayor riesgo. La variable número de eventos adversos se mostró como factor de protección reduciendo el riesgo de óbito en hasta 78%. Conclusión: pacientes que sufrieron evento adverso y que tienen más de 50 años de edad, con infección/sepsis, mayor gravedad, o sea, SAPS 3>30 y Charlson >1, presentaron mayor riesgo de óbito, sin embargo el mayor número de EA no contribuyó para el aumento del riesgo de óbito.

ABSTRACT Objetive: to identify risk factors for death in patients who have suffered non-infectious adverse events. Method: a retrospective cohort study with patients who had non-infectious Adverse Events (AE) in an Intensive Care Unit. The Kaplan Meier method was used to estimate the conditional probability of death (log-rank test 95%) and the risk factors associated with death through the Cox regression. Results: patients over 50 years old presented a risk 1.57 times higher for death; individuals affected by infection/sepsis presented almost 3 times the risk. Patients with a Simplified Acute Physiology Score III (SAPS3) greater than 60 points had four times higher risk for death, while those with a Charlson scale greater than 1 point had approximately two times higher risk. The variable number of adverse events was shown as a protection factor reducing the risk of death by up to 78%. Conclusion: patients who had suffered an adverse event and who were more than 50 years of age, with infection/sepsis, greater severity, i.e., SAPS 3>30 and Charlson>1, presented higher risk of death. However, the greater number of AEs did not contributed to the increased risk of death.

RESUMEN Objetivo: identificar los factores de riesgo para óbito en pacientes que sufrieron eventos adversos no infecciosos. Método: estudio de cohorte retrospectivo con pacientes que sufrieron Eventos Adversos (EA) no infecciosos en una Unidad de Terapia Intensiva. Fue utilizado el método de Kaplan Meier para estimar la probabilidad condicional del óbito (test log-rank 95%) y los factores de riesgo asociados al óbito por medio de la regresión de Cox. Resultados: pacientes con más de 50 años presentaron un riesgo de 1,57 veces, individuos acometidos por infección/sepsis presentaron casi 3 veces el riesgo. Los pacientes con Simplified Acute Physiology Score III(SAPS3) superior a 60 puntos tuvieron 4 veces mayor riesgo, mientras los que poseían escala de Charlson superior a 1 punto presentaron, aproximadamente, 2 veces mayor riesgo. La variable número de eventos adversos se mostró como factor de protección reduciendo el riesgo de óbito en hasta 78%. Conclusión: pacientes que sufrieron evento adverso y que tienen más de 50 años de edad, con infección/sepsis, mayor gravedad, o sea, SAPS 3>30 y Charlson >1, presentaron mayor riesgo de óbito, sin embargo el mayor número de EA no contribuyó para el aumento del riesgo de óbito.

RESUMO Objetivo: identificar os fatores de risco para óbito em pacientes que sofreram eventos adversos não infecciosos. Método: estudo de coorte retrospectivo com pacientes que sofreram Eventos Adversos (EA) não infecciosos em uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva. Foi utilizado o método de Kaplan Meier para estimar a probabilidade condicional do óbito (teste log-rank 95%) e os fatores de risco associados ao óbito por meio da regressão de Cox. Resultados: pacientes acima de 50 anos apresentaram um risco de 1,57 vezes, indivíduos acometidos por infecção/sepse apresentaram quase 3 vezes o risco. Os pacientes com Simplified Acute Physiology Score III (SAPS3) superior a 60 pontos tiveram 4 vezes maior risco, enquanto os que possuíam escala de Charlson superior a 1 ponto apresentaram, aproximadamente, 2 vezes maior risco. A variável número de eventos adversos se mostrou como fator de proteção reduzindo o risco de óbito em até 78%. Conclusão: pacientes que sofreram evento adverso e que têm mais de 50 anos de idade, com infecção/sepse, maior gravidade, ou seja, SAPS 3>30 e Charlson >1, apresentaram maior risco de óbito, no entanto o maior número de EA não contribuiu para o aumento do risco de óbito.

ABSTRACT HAM/TSP (HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis) is a slowly progressive disease, characterized by a chronic spastic paraparesis. It is not known if the disease carries an independent risk for cardiovascular disease. The objective of this study was to evaluate the cardiovascular risk profile related to HAM/TSP and compare it with the general population. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study, with a control group. HAM/TSP patients were evaluated using cardiovascular risk scores (ASCVD RISK, SCORE and Framingham) and inflammatory markers (ultrasensitive CRP and IL-6), and compared with a control group of healthy individuals. We also evaluated the correlation between cardiovascular risk and the functional status of patients with HAM/TSP evaluated by the FIM scale. Results: Eighty percent of patients in this study were females, mean age of 51 years (11.3). The control group showed an increased cardiovascular event risk in 10 years when ASCVD was analyzed (cardiovascular risk ≥7.5% in 10 years seen in 43% of patients in the control group vs. 23% of patients with HAM/TSP; p = 0.037). There was no difference in ultrasensitive CRP or IL-6 values between the groups, even when groups were stratified into low and high risk. There was no correlation between the functional status of HAM/TSP patients and the cardiovascular risk. Conclusions: In this study, the cardiovascular risk profile of patients with HAM/TSP was better than the risk of the control group.

Objetivo Avaliar e comparar os efeitos de duas intervenções fisioterapêuticas em pacientes com bronquiolite aguda durante internação hospitalar.Métodos Estudo prospectivo e randomizado, com amostra de 83 atendimentos de 29 pacientes com idade entre 3 meses e 1 ano internados por bronquiolite aguda. Os pacientes foram randomizados em dois grupos: Grupo 1, submetido à drenagem postural, tapotagem e aspiração nasotraqueal; e Grupo 2, submetido à drenagem postural, aceleração do fluxo expiratório e aspiração nasotraqueal. Foram realizadas avaliações antes e 10 e 60 minutos após o término da fisioterapia. Os pacientes também foram submetidos a tratamento medicamentoso. O objetivo foi comparar duas intervenções fisioterapêuticas quanto à melhora clínica de lactentes com bronquiolite aguda por meio da saturação periférica de oxigênio e do escore Respiratory Distress AssessmentInstrument. Um questionário sobre o tratamento ministrado foi aplicado ao responsável, antes da última avaliação, para mensurar a satisfação dos mesmos em relação às intervenções.Resultados Os grupos foram similares em relação ao uso de antibiótico e broncodilatador. Observamos um número maior de pacientes que utilizaram corticoide no Grupo 2. Observou-se melhora significante no escoreRespiratory Distress Assessment Instrument com o tratamento fisioterapêutico, com redução do mesmo, 10 minutos após as intervenções e manutenção dos valores 60 minutos após, sem diferenças entre as técnicas empregadas. Não houve variação significativa da oximetria de pulso após o atendimento fisioterapêutico. A maioria dos itens avaliados pelo questionário teve respostas satisfatórias.Conclusão Não foram observadas diferenças entre os grupos em relação aos itens avaliados (tempo necessário para o paciente atingir alta do estudo, oximetria de pulso em ar ambiente e gravidade da doença pelo escoreRespiratory Distress Assessment Instrument). O questionário teve respostas favoráveis dos pais sobre efeitos da fisioterapia na maioria dos itens, tanto para a técnica aceleração do fluxo expiratório quanto para a tapotagem.

Objective To evaluate and compare the effects of two chest physiotherapy interventions in patients hospitalized due to acute bronchiolitis.Methods Prospective randomized study with a sample of 83 calls for 29 patients aged between 3 months and 1 year hospitalized for acute bronchiolitis. Patients were distributed randomly into two groups: Group 1, submitted to postural drainage, tapping and tracheal aspiration; and Group 2, submitted to postural drainage, expiratory acceleration flow and tracheal aspiration. Assessments were made before and 10 and 60 minutes after the end of therapy. Patients also underwent drug treatment. The endpoint was to compare two physical therapy interventions as to clinical improvement in infants with acute bronchiolitis by means of oxygen saturation and the Respiratory Distress Assessment Instrument score. The parents/guardians was requested to answer a questionnaire about the treatment applied before the last evaluation in order to measure their satisfaction related to the interventions made.Results The groups were similar regarding the use of antibiotics and bronchodilators. A greater number of patients used corticosteroids in Group 2. A relevant improvement was observed on Respiratory Distress Assessment Instrument score with physical therapy, with reduction of the score 10 minutes after interventions, and the same score 60 minutes later, with no differences between techniques applied. There was no significant variation of pulse oximetry after chest physiotherapy. Most items assessed by the questionnaire had satisfactory answers.Conclusion No differences were observed between groups regarding the items assessed (time required to discharge from study, pulse oximetry in room air and disease severity according to the Respiratory Distress Assessment Instrument score). Parents answered positively about the effects of therapy in the majority of items in the questionnaire, both for the expiratory acceleration flow technique and for tapping.

Descreve-se presença de lesão pulmonar em cabra (Capra hircus) sugestiva de criptococose. O cultivo bacteriológico realizado a partir de material purulento articular revelou concomitante infecção por Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis. À microscopia óptica observaram-se estruturas leveduriformes nos espaços alveolares do pulmão, dotadas de espessa cápsula de polissacarídeos PAS positivas, compatíveis com Cryptococcus spp. Casos de criptococose em caprídeos são considerados raros na literatura. Objetiva-se relatar os aspectos epidemiológicos e clínico-patológicos da forma pulmonar de infecção por Cryptococcus spp. em uma cabra no Brasil.

An infection by Cryptococcus spp. in a goat (Capra hircus) is reported. The bacterial culture performed from purulent material collected from joint abscesses revealed concomitant infection by Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis. Optical microscopy revealed yeast-like structures in the alveolar spaces of the lungs, exhibiting a thick, PAS positive, polysaccharide capsule compatible with Cryptococcus spp. Cases of cryptococcosis in goats are considered rare in the literature. The objective is to describe the epidemiological and clinical-pathological aspects of the pulmonary form of an infection by Cryptococcus spp. in a goat in Brazil.

INTRODUÇÃO: Comparar sinais e sintomas respiratórios entre pacientes com e sem alterações à radiografia de tórax para se estabelecer o significado dos achados radiográficos no diagnóstico da paracoccidioidomicose pulmonar. MÉTODOS: Os achados epidemiológicos, clínicos e radiológicos de 44 pacientes com paracoccidioidomicose (PCM) foram avaliados. Os pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos de 23 e 21 indivíduos de acordo com a presença (grupo 1) ou ausência (grupo 2) de anormalidades à radiografia de tórax, respectivamente, e seus dados clínicos foram analisados com auxílio de ferramentas estatísticas. RESULTADOS: Como regra geral, os pacientes eram trabalhadores rurais do sexo masculino, tabagistas e em idade adulta jovem - grupo 1 e 2, respectivamente: homens (91,3% e 66,7%); média de idade (44,4 e 27,9 anos); tabagismo (34,7% e 71,4 %); forma aguda/subaguda (38,1% e 21,7%); forma crônica (61,9% e 78,3%). As manifestações respiratórias mais frequentes foram - grupo 1 e 2, respectivamente: tosse (25% e 11,4%) e dispnéia (22,7% e 6,8%). Nenhuma diferença estatística foi observada nos sinais e sintomas respiratórios entre pacientes com ou sem anormalidades radiográficas. Os achados radiológicos mais frequentes foram o padrão nodular (23,8%) ou nodular-fibrótico (19%), bilateral (90,5%) e infiltrado difuso (85,7%). CONCLUSÕES: A ausência de diferença estatística nos sinais e sintomas pulmonares entre estes dois grupos de pacientes com PCM sugere dissociação clínico-radiológica. Uma classificação simplificada dos achados radiológicos pulmonares da PCM é sugerida, com base na correlação destes dados e revisão da literatura atual.

INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study was to compare respiratory signs and symptoms between patients with and without chest X-ray abnormalities in order to establish the meaning of radiographic findings in pulmonary PCM diagnosis. METHODS: The epidemiological, clinical and radiological lung findings of 44 patients with paracoccidiodomycosis (PCM) were evaluated. Patients were divided into two groups of 23 and 21 individuals according to the presence (group 1) or absence (group 2) of chest X-ray abnormalities, respectively, and their clinical data was analyzed with the aid of statistical tools. RESULTS: As a general rule, patients were rural workers, young adult males and smokers - group 1 and 2, respectively: males (91.3% and 66.7%); mean age (44.4 and 27.9 year-old); smoking (34.7% and 71.4 %); acute/subacute presentation (38.1% and 21.7%); chronic presentation (61.9% and 78.3%). The most frequent respiratory manifestations were - group 1 and 2, respectively: cough (25% and 11.4%) and dyspnea (22.7% and 6.8%). No statistical difference was observed in pulmonary signs and symptoms between patients with or without radiographic abnormalities. The most frequent radiological finding was nodular (23.8%) or nodular-fibrous (19%), bilateral (90.5%) and diffuse infiltrates (85.7%). CONCLUSIONS: Absence of statistical difference in pulmonary signs and symptoms between these two groups of patients with PCM indicates clinical-radiological dissociation. A simplified classification of radiological lung PCM findings is suggested, based on correlation of these data and current literature review.

Dentre as dermatoses psiquiátricas, a escoriação psicogênica caracteriza-se pela confissão do paciente de provocar as lesões, sem apresentar doença dermatológica de base. Verificou-se que o assunto tem sido pouco abordado na literatura, com enfoque nos diagnósticos psicológicos. Dados epidemiológicos indicaram uma prevalência de 2 a 3 %, em relação à população geral, 2%, entre pacientes dermatológicos, e 9%, em pacientes com prurido, com predomínio significativo em mulheres. O artigo relata três casos brasileiros e discute o plano terapêutico constituído de equipe interdisciplinar, permitindo indicações psicoterapêuticas e medicamentosas específicas a cada caso.

Among psychiatric dermatoses, the psychogenic excoriation is characterized by patient's confession to provoking the lesions, without presenting any dermatological underlying pathology. This topic has been rarely approached in the literature, focusing on the diversity of psychological diagnoses. Epidemiological data indicated that prevalence varies from 2 to 3% in the general population, 2% among dermatological patients and 9% in patients with itching, with significant prevalence in women. The present article report three Brazilian cases and discusses the therapeutic plan based on multidisciplinary teamwork,including indications of psychotherapy and specific drug therapy to each case.