ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the in-vitro effect of single applications of CPP-ACP pastes and different fluoridated solutions on the prevention of dental caries around orthodontic brackets. Material and Methods: Tooth/bracket sets (n=65) were immersed in artificial saliva (1h at 37ºC) and randomly subjected to single applications (100µL; 1min) of casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP emulsion), CPP-ACP with fluoride (CPP-ACPF emulsion), solutions of titanium tetrafluoride (TiF4) or sodium fluoride (NaF), or no treatment (CG). Multispecies biofilm (5 x 105 CFU/mL) was formed in the presence of 2% sucrose. After 24 h, the pH and the concentration of total soluble fluoride (TSF) were analyzed by culture medium. The presence of active white spot lesions (WSL) evaluated by macroscopic examination and the percent surface mineral loss (%SML) were analyzed. Also, the topography of enamel was detected by analysis of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The data was assessed by chi-square, Kruskal-Wallis, and Mann-Whitney tests (p < 0.05). Results: Fluoride-containing compounds led to a smaller pH reduction than did CPP-ACP and CG (p<0.05). There was difference in TSF between the groups (p<0.05), denoted as TiF4> NaF > CPP-ACPF > CPP-ACP > CG. Regarding the presence of WSL and %SML, the NaF group obtained lower values (p<0.05), while TiF4 and CPP-ACPF were similar (p>0.05). SEM demonstrated that fluoride-free groups had a larger surface dissolution. Conclusion: Fluoridated groups including solutions and CPP-ACPF were more effective than CPP-ACP in reducing enamel demineralization around orthodontic brackets after a single application.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar in-vitro o efeito de uma aplicação única de cremes dentais de CPP-ACP e diferentes soluções fluoretadas na prevenção da cárie dentária ao redor de braquetes ortodônticos Material e Métodos: O conjunto dentes/braquetes (n=65) foi imerso em saliva artificial (1h em 37°C) randomizado e submetido a tratamento único (100µL; 1 min) de emulsão de fosfopeptídeo de caseína-fosfato de cálcio amorfo (CPP-ACP) e CPP-ACP associado ao flúor (CPP-ACPF); soluções de tetrafluoreto de titânio (TiF4) e fluoreto de sódio (NaF); e ausência de tratamento (GC). Biofilmes multiespécie (5 x 105 CFU/mL) foram formados na presença de sacarose a 2%. Após 24h, o pH e a concentração de fluoreto solúvel total (FST) foram analisados pelo meio de cultura. Foram avaliadas a presença de lesões de mancha branca (LMB), por meio da análise de macroscopia visual, e a porcentagem de perda de dureza (%PD). Também foi verificada a topografia do esmalte, usando microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV). Os dados foram analisados pelos testes Qui-quadrado, Kruskal-Wallis e Mann-Whitney (p < 0,05). Resultados: Os compostos contendo flúor levaram a uma redução do pH menor do que o CPP-ACP e GC (p<0,05). Houve diferença no FST entre os grupos (p <0,05), sendo TiF4> NaF > CPP-ACPF > CPP-ACP > GC. Quanto à presença de LMB e à %PD, o grupo NaF obteve os menores valores (p<0,05), enquanto TiF4 e CPP-ACPF foram semelhantes (p> 0,05). A MEV demonstrou que os grupos sem flúor tiveram uma dissolução superficial maior. Conclusão: Os grupos fluoretados, incluindo soluções e CPP-ACPF, foram mais eficazes do que o CPP-ACP sem flúor na redução da desmineralização do esmalte ao redor dos braquetes ortodônticos após uma única aplicação.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Titanium tetrafluoride (TiF4) is a fluoride compound that, when is applied over enamel, promotes a protection against demineralization through a titanium dioxide (TiO2) acid-resistant coat. Objectives: This study sought to verify the hypothesis that a single application of 4% TiF4 increases the resistance of enamel to dental demineralization in orthodontic patients. Materials and Methods: This controlled clinical trial followed CONSORT guidelines and investigated the prevention of enamel demineralization, fluoride retention, and the presence of a Ti layer after TiF4 application on banded teeth exposed to clinical cariogenic biofilm. Forty premolars were divided into a control group (CG; n = 20) and a test group (TG; n = 20). Teeth from both groups received prophylaxis and orthodontic bands with a cariogenic locus. In the TG, all teeth additionally underwent aqueous 4% TiF4 solution application after prophylaxis before being banded. After one month, teeth from both groups were extracted and prepared to assess the microhardness, fluoride retention, and evaluation of the Ti coating over the enamel surface. All data were analyzed with a paired Student’s t-test (p<0.05). Results: Enamel microhardness and fluoride uptake were higher in TG than in CG, while the Ti layer could be seen over TG teeth that received TiF4 application. Conclusion: Under clinical circumstances, the 4% aqueous TiF4 solution was effective in preventing enamel mineral loss through increasing the enamel resistance to dental demineralization, enhancing its microhardness and fluoride uptake, and forming a Ti coat.

RESUMO Introdução: O tetrafluoreto de titânio (TiF4) é um composto fluoretado que, quando aplicado sobre o esmalte dentário, promove uma proteção contra desmineralização, por meio da formação de uma camada ácido-resistente de dióxido de titânio (TiO2). Objetivos: O presente estudo buscou verificar a hipótese de que uma única aplicação de TiF4 a 4% aumenta a resistência do esmalte dentário à desmineralização, em pacientes ortodônticos. Material e Métodos: Esse ensaio clínico controlado seguiu as diretrizes do CONSORT e investigou a prevenção da desmineralização do esmalte, retenção de flúor e a presença de uma camada de titânio após a aplicação do TiF4 em dentes bandados expostos ao biofilme cariogênico clínico. Quarenta pré-molares foram divididos em dois grupos: controle (GC; n = 20) e teste (GT; n = 20). Dentes de ambos os grupos receberam profilaxia e bandas ortodônticas com nicho cariogênico. No GT, todos os dentes também foram submetidos a aplicação de solução aquosa de TiF4 4 após profilaxia, antes de serem bandados. Após um mês, os dentes de ambos os grupos foram extraídos e preparados para avaliar a microdureza, retenção de flúor e avaliação da camada de titânio sobre a superfície do esmalte. Todos os dados foram analisados pelo teste t pareado (p<0,05). Resultados: A microdureza do esmalte e a absorção de flúor foram mais elevadas no GT do que no GC, enquanto uma camada de titânio pôde ser observada sobre os dentes do GT, que receberam aplicação TiF4. Conclusão: Em circunstâncias clínicas, a solução de TiF4 a 4% foi eficaz na prevenção da perda mineral do esmalte, por meio do aumento da resistência à desmineralização dentária, aumentando sua microdureza e absorção de flúor, e formando uma camada protetora de titânio.

Abstract The aim of this study was to develop and analyze the psychometric properties of the Brazilian Version of Lay Person's Social Judgement about Cleft-lip Scale (B-LSojCleft-S). A standardized photograph of a 16-year-old girl was manipulated by using photo editing software, to simulate different cleft-lip situations. The cleft-free image was used as a control. The researchers structured an initial questionnaire that was evaluated by experts and a sample of the target population to evaluate the construct. After analysis by the researchers, a final version of the B-LSojCleft-S containing 14 items was generated. Each answer was awarded score from 1 to 3 points, yielding a total score of 14 to 42 points. Higher scores represented better social judgements. The B-LSojCleft-S was applied online to 103 test participants and 73 retest participants with an interval of 20 days between application. Aspects of acceptability, discriminant property, internal consistency, reliability and construct validity were evaluated. Construct validity was assessed using the Friedman test (p < 0.05). Reliability was determined using an intraclass correlation coefficient > 0.70, and internal consistency using Cronbach's alpha > 0.81. The B-LSojCleft-S showed high acceptability, strong discriminant property, excellent internal consistency and reliability, but had a floor and ceiling effect. The instrument reached valid and reliable scores and had acceptable psychometric properties to evaluate the social judgments of lay persons about different cleft lip situations in a Brazilian population.

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the mechanical properties of mini-implants (MIs) manufactured from stainless steel and compare them with conventional titanium-aluminum-vanadium alloy MIs. Material and Methods: The following groups were formed: G1 (n=24), 8×1.5 mm steel MIs; G2 (n=24), 12×2.0 mm steel MIs; and G3 (n=24), 10×1.5 mm titanium MIs. The 72 MIs were inserted in the infra zygomatic crest region of the maxilla and retromolar trigone in the jaw of 10 pigs. Pull-out, insertion torque, fracture and percussion tests were performed in order to measure the tensile strength, primary stability and fracture strength of MIs. A digital torque gauge was used to measure insertion and fracture torque, a universal mechanical testing machine was used for pull-out testing and a periotest device was used to measure the micromovement of MIs. For morphological and MI component evaluation, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed. D'Agostino & Pearson, Kruskal-Wallis, and Dunn post-hoc and normality tests were used. Results: G2 insertion and fracture torques were significantly higher than G1 and G3 insertion and fracture torques (p<0.05). The pull-out and percussion tests presented similar values among the groups. SEM revealed that the fracture point was predominantly on the fourth thread for steel MIs (G1 and G2) and on the seventh thread for titanium-aluminum-vanadium MIs (G3). Conclusion: The mechanical properties of stainless steel MIs are superior to those of titanium-aluminum-vanadium alloy MIs.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a tool that is already part of our reality, and this is an opportunity to understand how it can be useful in interacting with patients and providing valuable information about orthodontics. Objective: This study evaluated the accuracy of ChatGPT in providing accurate and quality information to answer questions on Clear aligners, Temporary anchorage devices and Digital imaging in orthodontics. Methods: forty-five questions and answers were generated by the ChatGPT 4.0, and analyzed separately by five orthodontists. The evaluators independently rated the quality of information provided on a Likert scale, in which higher scores indicated greater quality of information (1 = very poor; 2 = poor; 3 = acceptable; 4 = good; 5 = very good). The Kruskal-Wallis H test (p< 0.05) and post-hoc pairwise comparisons with the Bonferroni correction were performed. Results: From the 225 evaluations of the five different evaluators, 11 (4.9%) were considered as very poor, 4 (1.8%) as poor, and 15 (6.7%) as acceptable. The majority were considered as good [34 (15,1%)] and very good [161 (71.6%)]. Regarding evaluators’ scores, a slight agreement was perceived, with Fleiss’s Kappa equal to 0.004. Conclusions: ChatGPT has proven effective in providing quality answers related to clear aligners, temporary anchorage devices, and digital imaging within the context of interest of orthodontics.

RESUMO Introdução: A Inteligência Artificial (IA) é uma ferramenta que já faz parte de nossa realidade, e esta é uma oportunidade de entendermos como ela pode ser útil na interação com os pacientes e no fornecimento de informações valiosas sobre Ortodontia. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a precisão do ChatGPT em responder a perguntas sobre Alinhadores transparentes, Dispositivos de ancoragem temporária, e Imagens digitais em Ortodontia. Métodos: 45 perguntas e respostas foram geradas pelo ChatGPT 4.0 e analisadas separadamente por cinco ortodontistas que, de forma independente, avaliaram a qualidade das informações fornecidas, usando uma escala de Likert, na qual pontuações mais altas indicavam uma maior qualidade das informações (1 = muito ruim; 2 = ruim; 3 = aceitável; 4 = bom; 5 = muito bom). Aplicou-se o teste H de Kruskal-Wallis (p < 0,05) e comparações pareadas post-hoc com correção de Bonferroni. Resultados: Das 225 avaliações dos cinco avaliadores diferentes, 11 (4,9%) foram consideradas como muito ruins, 4 (1,8%) como ruins, e 15 (6,7%) como aceitáveis. A maioria foi considerada boa [34 (15,1%)] ou muito boa [161 (71,6%)]. Com relação às pontuações dos avaliadores, percebeu-se uma leve concordância, com o Kappa de Fleiss igual a 0,004. Conclusões: O ChatGPT mostrou eficácia em fornecer respostas de qualidade para questões relacionadas a Alinhadores transparentes, Dispositivos de ancoragem temporária e Imagens digitais.

Abstract This study aimed to characterize the profile of dental anxiety in pediatric patients, identifying the effect exerted by socioeconomic factors using dental data. A cross-sectional study design with a sample of 120 children aged 7–12 years old was used. Data relating to anxiety levels prior to dental care, socioeconomic aspects (family income, education level, child’s school type), and child’s dental history (previous dental appointments, previous treatment, caries experience) were collected. Additionally, participants completed the Brazilian version of the Children’s Fear Survey Schedule- Dental Subscale (B-CFSS-DS) to assess dental anxiety. Descriptive analyses, chi-squared (X 2 ) tests, and Mann-Whitney U tests were performed, with a significance level of 5%. A total of 51 boys (42.5%) and 69 girls (57.5%) were included. There was no significant difference in dental anxiety between them. However, younger children had higher mean B-CFSS-DS scores (p = 0.036, Mann-Whitney). A higher prevalence of dental anxiety was found in participants from low-income families (p = 0.012, X 2 ) and in patients who did not receive endodontic treatment (p=0.034, X 2 ). Higher mean B-CFSS-DS scores were also observed in participants who did not receive endodontic treatment (p=0.001, Mann-Whitney) compared with those that did receive endodontic treatment. No relationship was found between education level, patient school type, first dental appointment, caries experience, and dental anxiety data. Younger children presented a profile of greater dental anxiety. Socioeconomic factors and dental data exerted some effect on dental anxiety, where children from low-income families and those not subjected to endodontic treatment displayed higher rates of dental anxiety.

Abstract: The purpose of this review was to systematically evaluate all the existing literature on the efficacy of treatments used to relieve the signs and symptoms associated with teething. A systematic search up to February 2021, without restrictions on language or date of publication, was carried out in MEDLINE/PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library, EMBASE, LILACS, BBO, OpenGrey, Google Scholar, Portal de Periódicos da CAPES, clinicaltrials.gov, and the references of the included studies. Clinical studies that evaluated the effect of any intervention to alleviate the signs and symptoms associated with teething in babies and children were included. The risk of bias was assessed using the ROB-2 and ROBINS-I tools. The characteristics and results of the individual studies were extracted and synthesized narratively. The GRADE approach was followed to rate the certainty of the evidence. Three randomized and two non-randomized clinical trials were included. The outcomes of these five articles were classified as high or serious risk of bias. Three studies using homeopathy reported improvement in appetite disorders, gum discomfort, and excess salivation. One study showed a new gel with hyaluronic acid was more effective than an anesthetic gel in improving signs and symptoms such as pain, gingival redness, and poor sleep quality. Another study applied non-pharmacological treatments, which were more effective, especially against excess salivation. Although the present systematic review suggests some therapies could have a favorable effect on signs and symptoms related to teething, definitive conclusions on their efficacy cannot be drawn because of the very low certainty of the evidence. The existing literature on the subject is scarce and heterogeneous and has methodological flaws; therefore, further high-quality investigations are necessary.

RESUMO Objetivos: Desenvolver e disponibilizar, gratuitamente, ferramentas de tecnologia da informação e comunicação (TIC) para a Odontologia, abordando informações e orientações direcionadas a pacientes em tratamento ortodôntico com aparelho fixo. Material e Métodos: Foi elaborado um conteúdo que contemplou informações e orientações concernentes ao tratamento ortodôntico com aparelho fixo. O material, que abrangeu instruções sobre higiene bucal e sobre abordagens diante de possíveis intercorrências, foi avaliado e validado por especialistas. A partir do conteúdo validado, foram elaborados produtos utilizando quatro ferramentas distintas de TIC. Resultados: Foram desenvolvidos os seguintes produtos tecnológicos: um programa para rádios comunitárias, três postagens para blog, quatro vídeos educacionais e informativos, e um aplicativo para smartphones, utilizando não apenas textos, mas também imagens e vídeos. Essas ferramentas de TIC direcionadas a pacientes fazendo uso de aparelho ortodôntico fixo foram disponibilizadas gratuitamente via internet, e já contam com expressivo número de acessos. Conclusões: As ferramentas técnico-científicas, desenvolvidas e fornecidas livremente à população, podem auxiliar pacientes durante o tratamento com aparelho ortodôntico fixo, contribuir para disseminar informações confiáveis e esclarecer dúvidas que surgem durante a terapia ortodôntica. Essas ferramentas gratuitas de TIC facilitam o acesso ao conhecimento científico e, consequentemente, favorecem a inserção social, tendo em vista que esse material educacional e informativo foi ofertado de maneira simples e acessível à população.

ABSTRACT Objective: To develop and make available, at no cost to the user, Information and Communications Technology (ICT) tools for Dentistry, providing dental information and advice geared toward patients undergoing orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances. Material and Methods: A Dentistry-based content that contemplated information and advice concerning orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances was elaborated. The materials, which included instructions on oral hygiene and treatment strategies when faced with possible complications, were evaluated and validated by specialists, whose assessments reached a 85% approval. From the validated content, products using four distinct ICT tools were formulated. Results: The following technological products were developed: a program for community radios, three blog posts, four educational and informative videos, and a smartphone application - using texts, as well as images and videos. These ICT tools, geared toward patients wearing fixed orthodontic appliances, were made available by internet at no cost to the user, and the number of accesses is already expressive. Conclusion: These technological-scientific tools, developed and provided freely to the population, can aid patients during their treatment with fixed orthodontic appliances, contributing to the dissemination of reliable information, and clarifying doubts that may arise during orthodontic therapy. These free ICT tools serve to facilitate access to scientific knowledge, thereby favoring social inclusion, bearing in mind that this educational and informative material was offered in a simple and accessible manner to the general population.

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of chewing gums containing CPP-ACP in remineralisation of demineralised enamel around orthodontic brackets. Material and Methods: Enamel blocks from 120 bovine incisors were used. The blocks were flattened and polished, followed by the development of incipient subsurface caries. The blocks have been subjected to a baseline microhardness analysis. Orthodontic brackets were bonded to the exposed area of the blocks, reserving an area for hardness analysis. An in situ crossover (three-way crossover phases of 21 days with an interval of one week between them), controlled, randomised and blind experimental model was used, with the participation of 12 volunteers divided into groups: G1 – negative control group, without chewing gum; G2 – conventional sugar-free chewing gum, without CPP-ACP (placebo); and G3 – sugar-free chewing gum with CPP-ACP. The following parameters were analysed: superficial linear (Ra), volumetric roughness (Sa), and superficial structural loss, which was indicated by Gap measurement (difference between the healthy and treated area). Statistical tests used were the Friedman, Wilcoxon and Shapiro-Wilk, Kruskal Wallis' nonparametric tests and ANOVA. Results: There was a significant reduction in enamel microhardness after demineralisation in all the groups (p<0.05). This deleterious effect was attenuated in the three groups after the final evaluation, although there were no statistical differences (p<0.05); however, the final values did not return to the baseline values (p<0.05). Conclusion: Chewing gum containing CPP-ACP did not promote in situ remineralisation of demineralised enamel around orthodontic brackets.

RESUMO Objetivo: Destacar a importância do diagnóstico e discutir as abordagens terapêuticas que podem ser utilizadas no tratamento ortodôntico da má oclusão de Classe I associada a dois caninos superiores impactados. Relato de caso: A abertura de espaço para tracionar esses dentes por meio de expansão rápida da maxila ou exodontia de pré-molares superiores era contraindicada no caso relatado. Portanto, decidiu-se abrir espaço por meio da projeção dos incisivos. Resultados: Os resultados obtidos foram satisfatórios, pois obteve-se uma boa oclusão, com guias funcionais adequadas, além da melhoria no aspecto facial. Conclusão: A projeção dos incisivos prévia ao tracionamento dos caninos superiores impactados mostrou-se uma opção válida no caso descrito. Dez anos após a finalização do tratamento, o caso apresenta-se estável, mantendo a saúde periodontal.

ABSTRACT Objective: To emphasize the importance of diagnosis and discuss the therapeutic approaches that can be used in the orthodontic treatment of Class I malocclusion associated with two impacted maxillary canines. The opening of spaces for traction of these teeth by means of rapid maxillary expansion or extraction of maxillary premolars was contraindicated in the case reported. Therefore, it was decided to open spaces with projection of incisors. Results: The obtained results were satisfactory, as a good occlusion was obtained, with adequate functional guides, as well as an improvement in the facial appearance. Conclusion: The projection of the incisors prior to traction of the impacted maxillary canines proved to be a valid option in the case described. Ten years after completion of treatment, the case is stable, maintaining periodontal health.

RESUMO Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito in vitro de uma única aplicação de soluções experimentais de nanocompósitos na prevenção de cárie dentária em braquetes ortodônticos. Os espécimes foram expostos a nanocompósitos de sílica mesoporosa (MS) contendo fluoreto por associação com tetrafluoreto de titânio (TiF4) ou fluoreto de sódio (NaF). Os nanocompósitos também podem conter cálcio e os grupos foram descritos como MSCaTiF4, MSTiF4, MSCaNaF, MSNaF e controles (TiF4 e NaF). Os espécimes foram submetidos à formação de um biofilme multiespécie para gerar um desafio cariogênico. Após 24h, o pH e a concentração de flúor solúvel total do meio de cultura foram avaliados. A perda mineral foi avaliada pela porcentagem de perda mineral superficial (% SML), variação do volume mineral (ΔZ) do esmalte interno e microscopia de luz polarizada (PL). A rugosidade superficial linear (Ra) e volumétrica (Sa) e a microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) foram utilizadas para avaliar a topografia do esmalte. As análises estatísticas foram realizadas considerando p <0,05. MSNaF apresentou o maior valor de pH do meio de cultura após o desafio cariogênico, semelhante ao MSTiF4. Todas as soluções de nanocompósitos liberaram menos flúor do que seus controles NaF e TiF4 (p <0,05). Todas as soluções de nanocompósitos apresentaram% SML menor em comparação com seus respectivos grupos de controle (p <0,05). Ra, Sa e ΔZ menores foram observados para os grupos experimentais em comparação ao TiF4 (p <0,05). Os resultados foram confirmados por análises PL e SEM. As soluções experimentais de nanocompósitos contribuíram para a menor desmineralização do esmalte ao redor dos braquetes ortodônticos.

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro effect of a single application of experimental nanocomposite solutions on the prevention of dental caries around orthodontic brackets. The specimens were exposed to mesoporous silica (MS) nanocomposites containing fluoride by association with titanium tetrafluoride (TiF4) or sodium fluoride (NaF). Nanocomposites also could contain calcium and groups were described as MSCaTiF4, MSTiF4, MSCaNaF, MSNaF, and controls (TiF4, and NaF). Specimens were subjected to the formation of a multispecies biofilm to generate a cariogenic challenge. After 24h, both pH and total soluble fluoride concentration of the culture medium were assessed. Mineral loss was evaluated by percentage of surface mineral loss (%SML), mineral volume variation (ΔZ) of inner enamel and polarized light microscopy (PL). Linear (Ra) and volumetric (Sa) surface roughness and scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) were used to assess enamel topography. Statistical analyses were conducted considering p<0.05. MSNaF had the highest value of culture medium pH after cariogenic challenge, similarly to MSTiF4. All nanocomposite solutions released less fluoride than their controls NaF and TiF4 (p<0.05). All nanocomposite solutions presented lower %SML compared to their respective control groups (p<0.05). Lower Ra, Sa and ΔZ were observed for experimental groups compared to TiF4 (p<0.05). The results were confirmed by PL and SEM analysis. The experimental nanocomposite solutions contributed for lower enamel demineralization around orthodontic brackets.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a influência da ancoragem mono e bicortical e do diâmetro dos mini-implantes (MIs) na estabilidade primária desses dispositivos. Métodos: 60 MIs autoperfurantes foram distribuídos em seis grupos, de acordo com o diâmetro (1,5 mm, 1,8 mm ou 2,0 mm) e tipo de ancoragem (monocortical e bicortical), e inseridos em costela bovina. A estabilidade primária foi avaliada pelos testes de torque de inserção, micromobilidade e resistência à tração. ANOVA e/ou análise de Tukey foram usadas para realizar comparações intergrupos (p< 0,05). Estatística não paramétrica (Kruskal-Wallis e Mann-Whitney) foi realizada quando a normalidade não foi encontrada (p< 0,05). Resultados: MIs com diâmetros maiores e ancorados bicorticalmente apresentaram maior estabilidade primária em relação ao torque de inserção (p< 0,05) e micromobilidade (p< 0,05). Apenas o diâmetro do MI influenciou os resultados do teste de resistência à tração. MIs de maior diâmetro apresentaram melhor retenção nos testes de resistência à tração (p< 0,001), independentemente da ancoragem mono ou bicortical. Conclusões: a estabilidade primária do MI é dependente de seu diâmetro e tipo de ancoragem. A ancoragem bicortical apresentou maior estabilidade quando comparada à ancoragem monocortical, independentemente das demais variáveis.

ABSTRACT Objective: Assess the influence of mono- and bicortical anchorage and diameter of mini-implants (MIs) on the primary stability of these devices. Methods: 60 self-drilling MIs were distributed in six groups according to diameter (1.5mm, 1.8mm or 2.0mm) and type of anchorage (monocortical and bicortical) in bovine rib. The primary stability was evaluated by insertion torque, micromobility and pull-out strength tests. ANOVA and/or Tukey analysis were used to conduct intergroup comparisons (p< 0.05). Non-parametric statistics (Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney) were performed when normality was not found (p< 0.05). Results: MIs with larger diameters and bicortical anchorage showed greater primary stability regarding insertion torque (p< 0.05) and micromobility (p< 0.05). Only MI diameter had an effect on the pull-out strength test. Larger diameter MIs presented better retention in pull-out strength tests (p< 0.001), regardless of mono- or bicortical anchorage. Conclusions: MI primary stability is dependent on its diameter and type of anchorage. Bicortical anchorage showed greater stability when compared with monocortical anchorage, independently of other variables.

Abstract Associated with the use of removable prostheses, the development of candidiasis, called prosthetic stomatitis, is frequently observed. In view of the application of silver nanoparticles (AgNP) in dentistry that may offer antimicrobial effect, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of adding AgNP with different concentrations during thermopolymerization or immersion of acrylic in this substance in the properties antifungal, mechanical and cytotoxic. The groups were divided: addition of 1% silver nanoparticle solution (G1), addition of 2.5% silver nanoparticle solution (G2), addition of 5% silver nanoparticle solution (G3), immersed for 10 min in aqueous silver nanoparticle solution (G4), immersed for 24 hours in aqueous silver nanoparticle solution (G5). In the cytotoxicity assay, at all evaluation times, all groups showed cytotoxic effect (p <0.05) when compared to the control group (CG). For the microbiological assay, C. albicans reduction was observed only for G4 and G5 when compared to CG (p <0.05). The lowest resistance values were observed in the group with 5% silver nanoparticle (G3) incorporation (p <0.05). It was concluded that the thermopolymerized acrylic resin immersed in AgNP, G4 and G5 promoted microbiological reduction, cytotoxicity increase and flexural strength decrease at 5% concentration.

RESUMO Introdução: O tratamento ortodôntico em pacientes com dentes traumatizados é uma condição que necessita de um bom planejamento, a fim de se conseguir resultados satisfatórios. Objetivo: Discutir as abordagens de tratamento ortodôntico de más oclusões associadas ao trauma seguido de avulsão de dentes anteriores, reimplantados após curto espaço de tempo. Relato do Caso: O tratamento realizado iniciou-se com a distalização dos dentes posteriores superiores, com auxílio de mini-implantes e sliding jigs, seguida da inclusão dos dentes anteriores na arcada e intrusão desses dentes. Resultados: Com a realização do tratamento, conseguiu-se melhoria na mobilidade dos dentes anteriores, com inserção mais favorável no tecido ósseo. O fator mais importante para o tratamento satisfatório e um bom prognóstico da avulsão é o tempo em que o dente permanece fora do alvéolo. O tratamento ortodôntico em pacientes com dentes traumatizados não é contraindicado; porém, aspectos clínicos e radiográficos devem ser considerados. Conclusão: Entre as opções de tratamento ortodôntico factíveis, a abordagem conservadora pode ser uma opção de tratamento bastante favorável.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Orthodontic treatment in patients with traumatized teeth is a condition that needs good planning in order to achieve satisfactory results. Objective: To discuss approaches to orthodontic treatment of malocclusions associated with trauma followed by avulsion of anterior teeth, reimplanted after a short period of time. Case report: The treatment started with the distalization of upper posterior teeth, with the aid of mini-implants and sliding jigs, followed by the inclusion of anterior teeth in the arch, followed by intrusion of these teeth. Results: With the treatment, improved mobility of the anterior teeth was achieved, with better insertion into bone tissue. The most important factor for satisfactory treatment and a good prognosis for avulsion is the time the tooth remains outside the socket. Orthodontic treatment in patients with traumatized teeth is not contraindicated; however, clinical and radiographic aspects must be considered. Conclusion: Among the feasible orthodontic treatment options, the conservative approach can be a very favorable treatment alternative.

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate genotoxicity of zinc oxide, P. A. calcium hydroxide, mineral trioxide aggregate and an iodoform paste using comet assay on human lymphocytes. Material and Methods: Two positive controls were used: methyl-methanesulfonate for the P.A. calcium hydroxide and mineral trioxide aggregate; and doxorubicin for the iodoform paste and zinc oxide. There were also two negative controls: distilled water for the P.A. calcium hydroxide and mineral trioxide aggregate; and DMSO for the iodoform paste and zinc oxide. Comets were identified using fluorescence microscopy and 100 of them were counted on each of the three slides analyzed per drug test. A damage index was established, taking into consideration the score pattern that had previously been determined from the size and intensity of the comet tail. Analysis of variance, followed by Tukey’s test, was used to compare the means of the DNA damage indices. Results: The DNA damage index observed for mineral trioxide aggregate (7.08 to 8.58) and P.A. calcium hydroxide (6.50 to 8.33), which were similar to negative control index. On the other hand, damage index for zinc oxide (104.7 to 218.50) and iodoform paste (115.7 to 210.7) were similar to positive control index. Conclusion: Iodoform paste and zinc oxide showed genotoxicity at all concentrations used.