Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos da inclusão de Yucca schidigera e zeólita (Clinoptilolita) em alimentos (super premium e standard) para cães adultos sobre o coeficiente de indigestibilidade aparente de minerais. No primeiro ensaio, foram utilizados 21 cães, com peso médio de 12,5kg±1,46, distribuídos em sete tratamentos em dois períodos (dieta super premium denominada controle e controle com adição de 125, 250, 375ppm de Yucca schidigera e 0,5%, 0,75% e 1,0% de zeólita). O segundo foi realizado com um alimento standard, utilizando-se 21 parcelas experimentais distribuídas em três tratamentos (dieta standard denominada controle e controle com adição de 375ppm de Yucca schidigera e 1,0% de zeólita). Os aditivos não afetaram a aceitabilidade do alimento e as características fecais nos dois ensaios (P>0,05). Com exceção do cálcio, nenhum mineral sofreu interferência da inclusão dos aditivos (P>0,05) no experimento com alimento super premium. No ensaio com alimento standard, tanto cálcio quanto fósforo e magnésio apresentaram redução na excreção (P<0,05) com a inclusão dos aditivos. Pôde-se concluir que a inclusão dos aditivos nas concentrações testadas pode interferir na excreção de alguns minerais da dieta.

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of adding Yucca schidigera and zeolite (Clinoptilolite) to feed (super premium and standard) for adult dogs on the apparent indigestibility coefficient of minerals. In the first assessment, 21 dogs were used, with average weight of 12.5kg±1.46 in seven treatments in two periods (super premium diet referred to as control and control with the addition of 125, 250, 375ppm Yucca schidigera and 0.5%, 0.75% and 1.0% zeolite). The second assessment was conducted with standard feed, using 21 experimental plots distributed in three treatments (standard diet referred to as control and control with the addition of 375ppm of Yucca schidigera and 1.0% zeolite). The additives did not affect the acceptability of feed and fecal characteristics in both assessments (P>0.05). With the exception of calcium, no minerals were affected by the inclusion of additives (P>0.05) in the experiment with super premium feed. In the assessment with standard feed, calcium as phosphorus and magnesium presented decreased excretion (P<0.05) with the inclusion of additives. It is possible to conclude that the inclusion of additives in the tested concentrations may interfere with the excretion of some minerals in the diet.

Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptors are overexpressed in most neoplastic cell lines and provide a mechanism for the internalization and concentration of drug-laden nanoemulsions that bind to these receptors. The aim of the present study was to determine whether the administration of standard chemotherapeutic schemes can alter the expression of LDL and LDL receptor-related protein 1 (LRP-1) receptors in breast carcinoma. Fragments of tumoral and normal breast tissue from 16 consecutive volunteer women with breast cancer in stage II or III were obtained from biopsies before the beginning of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and after chemotherapy, from fragments excised during mastectomy. Tissues were analyzed by immunohistochemistry for both receptors. Because complete response to treatment was achieved in 4 patients, only the tumors from 12 were analyzed. Before chemotherapy, there was overexpression of LDL receptor in the tumoral tissue compared to normal breast tissue in 8 of these patients. LRP-1 receptor overexpression was observed in tumors of 4 patients. After chemotherapy, expression of both receptors decreased in the tumors of 6 patients, increased in 4 and was unchanged in 2. Nonetheless, even when chemotherapy reduced receptors expression, the expression was still above normal. The fact that chemotherapy does not impair LDL receptors expression supports the use of drug carrier systems that target neoplastic cells by the LDL receptor endocytic pathway in patients on conventional chemotherapy.

This research was carried out in order to evaluate effects of pregnancy, fetus number and nutritional restriction on ingestive behavior of ewes. Were used 24 ewes of the breed Santa Ines evaluated at 90, 110 and 130 pregnancy days distributed among treatments according to fetus number. They received free or restricted diet, the last one with reduction of 15% of protein and energy requirements. Ewes were individually observed each five minutes for three days, being two periods of 24 h intercalated with 24 h of resting. During the observations was determinated the time spent in feeding, rumination, idle and chewing. Feed management did not influence time spent in feeding. In both pregnancy categories, at 90 days of pregnancy the animals spent less time in rumination and feeding. Ewes on nutritional restriction ruminate longer time and at 90 days of pregnancy spent less time ruminating. Ewes with twin fetus spent less time chewing than with single pregnancy. Pregnancy progress increased time spent to feeding, rumination ant chewing. Nutritional restriction increased idle time in ewes with one fetus. Ewes with single and twin pregnancy showed variable ingestive behavior at the studied phases.

Foi avaliada a influência da gestação, do número de fetos e da restrição nutricional no comportamento ingestivo de 24 ovelhas Santa Inês avaliadas aos 90, 110 e 130 dias de gestação, divididas entre os tratamentos em função do número de fetos. Essas receberam dietas à vontade ou restritas, sendo essa com redução de 15% nos requisitos de proteína e energia. As ovelhas foram observadas individualmente, a cada 5 minutos, por 3 dias, sendo dois períodos de 24 h intercalado com 24 h de descanso. Durante as observações foram determinando os tempos gastos com ingestão, ruminação, ócio e mastigação. O manejo nutricional não influenciou o tempo gasto com a ingestão. Em ambas as categorias de prenhez, aos 90 dias de gestação, as ovelhas despenderam menos tempo para ingestão do alimento. Animais recebendo dieta restrita ruminaram mais tempo e aos 90 dias de gestação despenderam menos tempo ruminando. Ovelhas gestantes de dois fetos gastaram menos tempo mastigando do que as de gestação simples. O avanço da gestação aumentou o tempo despendido com ingestão, ruminação e mastigação. A restrição nutricional aumentou o tempo em ócio de ovelhas com um feto. Animais gestantes de um e dois fetos apresentaram comportamento ingestivo variável nas fases da gestação estudadas.

Avaliou-se efeito da inclusão de Yucca schidigera e zeólita (Clinoptilolita) em alimento comercial úmido para gatos sobre a aceitabilidade da dieta, produção fecal diária e porcentagem de águas nas fezes, e sobre o coeficiente de indigestibilidade aparente de cálcio, fósforo, magnésio, sódio, potásso, ferro e manganês. Foram utilizados 21 gatos adultos, sem raça definida, com quatro anos e meio de idade e peso médio de 3,56kg, distribuídos em sete tratamentos - dieta úmida denominada controle, e dietas controle com adição de 125, 250 e 375ppm de Yucca schidigera e 0,5%, 0,75% e 1,0% de zeólita - em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas na aceitabilidade das dietas, na produção fecal diária, na porcentagem de água nas fezes e no coeficiente de indigestibilidade aparente nos minerais avaliados (P>0,05). A inclusão dos aditivos que apresentam como função principal a redução de odor fecal pode ser realizada sem interferências sobre a saúde dos animais, do ponto de vista da nutrição mineral.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of including Yucca schidigera and zeolite (clinoptilolite) in commercial wet food for adult cats, the acceptability of the diets, fecal production and average daily percentage of water in the stool and the coefficient of apparent indigestible calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium, potassium, iron and manganese. We used 21 adult mongrel male and female cats, 4.5 years old and with an average weight of 3.56kg, distributed in seven treatments (wet control diet, control with the addition of 125, 250 and 375ppm of Yucca schidigera and 0, 5, 0.75 and 1.0% of zeolite) randomly. Significant differences were not observed in the acceptability of the diets, fecal production and average daily percentage of water in the stool and the coefficient of apparent indigestible of minerals (P>0.05). Thus, we noticed that the inclusion of additives which have the main function of reducing fecal odor can be inserted into food for adult cats without negative interferences on the health of animals ready for the sight of mineral nutrition.