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Abstract To produce pitaya (Hylocereus spp.), it is essential that pollination occur, either artificially or by pollinating agents. This study evaluated the viability of self-pollination, cross-pollination, and natural pollination, as well as pollen viability, stigma receptivity and ideal pollination window in pitaya flowers (Hylocereus spp.). An experiment was conducted with a randomized block design consisting of four treatments: T1: manual self-pollination; T2: nocturnal open pollination; T3: diurnal open pollination; and T4: manual cross-pollination - red-fleshed pitaya [ Hylocereus polyrhizus] pollen placed on white-fleshed pitaya [ Hylocereus undatus] stigma. The experiment had four replicates, with two plants per replicate (two flowers per plant), totaling 16 flowers per treatment. The analyzed variables were fruit weight, length, diameter, titratable acidity, pH, soluble solids, and SS/TA ratio; the germination percentage of pollen grains; and the receptivity of stigmas. Artificial pollination (self- and cross-pollination) of white-fleshed pitaya (Hylocereus undatus) is viable, resulting in larger fruits than natural pollination, with cross-pollination being the most recommended. Throughout the floral opening period, the pitaya flower (Hylocereus spp.) has receptive stigma capable of receiving pollen. The flowers exhibit the highest pollen germination rate at 7 p.m, which is the ideal pollination window for pitaya.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202220211200

Diretrizes Brasileiras de Hipertensão Arterial – 2020
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Barroso, Weimar Kunz Sebba

; Rodrigues, Cibele Isaac Saad

; Bortolotto, Luiz Aparecido

; Mota-Gomes, Marco Antônio

; Brandão, Andréa Araujo

; Feitosa, Audes Diógenes de Magalhães

; Machado, Carlos Alberto

; Poli-de-Figueiredo, Carlos Eduardo

; Amodeo, Celso

; Mion Júnior, Décio

; Barbosa, Eduardo Costa Duarte

; Nobre, Fernando

; Guimarães, Isabel Cristina Britto

; Vilela-Martin, José Fernando

; Yugar-Toledo, Juan Carlos

; Magalhães, Maria Eliane Campos

; Neves, Mário Fritsch Toros

; Jardim, Paulo César Brandão Veiga

; Miranda, Roberto Dischinger

; Póvoa, Rui Manuel dos Santos

; Fuchs, Sandra C

; Alessi, Alexandre

; Lucena, Alexandre Jorge Gomes de

; Avezum, Alvaro

; Sousa, Ana Luiza Lima

; Pio-Abreu, Andrea

; Sposito, Andrei Carvalho

; Pierin, Angela Maria Geraldo

; Paiva, Annelise Machado Gomes de

; Spinelli, Antonio Carlos de Souza

; Nogueira, Armando da Rocha

; Dinamarco, Nelson

; Eibel, Bruna

; Forjaz, Cláudia Lúcia de Moraes

; Zanini, Claudia Regina de Oliveira

; Souza, Cristiane Bueno de

; Souza, Dilma do Socorro Moraes de

; Nilson, Eduardo Augusto Fernandes

; Costa, Elisa Franco de Assis

; Freitas, Elizabete Viana de

; Duarte, Elizabeth da Rosa

; Muxfeldt, Elizabeth Silaid

; Lima Júnior, Emilton

; Campana, Erika Maria Gonçalves

; Cesarino, Evandro José

; Marques, Fabiana

; Argenta, Fábio

; Consolim-Colombo, Fernanda Marciano

; Baptista, Fernanda Spadotto

; Almeida, Fernando Antonio de

; Borelli, Flávio Antonio de Oliveira

; Fuchs, Flávio Danni

; Plavnik, Frida Liane

; Salles, Gil Fernando

; Feitosa, Gilson Soares

; Silva, Giovanio Vieira da

; Guerra, Grazia Maria

; Moreno Júnior, Heitor

; Finimundi, Helius Carlos

; Back, Isabela de Carlos

; Oliveira Filho, João Bosco de

; Gemelli, João Roberto

; Mill, José Geraldo

; Ribeiro, José Marcio

; Lotaif, Leda A. Daud

; Costa, Lilian Soares da

; Magalhães, Lucélia Batista Neves Cunha

; Drager, Luciano Ferreira

; Martin, Luis Cuadrado

; Scala, Luiz César Nazário

; Almeida, Madson Q.

; Gowdak, Marcia Maria Godoy

; Klein, Marcia Regina Simas Torres

; Malachias, Marcus Vinícius Bolívar

; Kuschnir, Maria Cristina Caetano

; Pinheiro, Maria Eliete

; Borba, Mario Henrique Elesbão de

; Moreira Filho, Osni

; Passarelli Júnior, Oswaldo

; Coelho, Otavio Rizzi

; Vitorino, Priscila Valverde de Oliveira

; Ribeiro Junior, Renault Mattos

; Esporcatte, Roberto

; Franco, Roberto

; Pedrosa, Rodrigo

; Mulinari, Rogerio Andrade

; Paula, Rogério Baumgratz de

; Okawa, Rogério Toshiro Passos

; Rosa, Ronaldo Fernandes

; Amaral, Sandra Lia do

; Ferreira-Filho, Sebastião R.

; Kaiser, Sergio Emanuel

; Jardim, Thiago de Souza Veiga

; Guimarães, Vanildo

; Koch, Vera H.

; Oigman, Wille

; Nadruz, Wilson

Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia

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mar 2021, Volume 116 N. 3 Pages 516 - 658

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

https://doi.org/10.36660/abc.20201238 10948 downloads

The effect of continuous positive airway pressure on blood pressure in patients with obstructive sleep apnea and uncontrolled hypertension - Study design and challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic
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Cruz, Fernanda C.S.G.

; Drager, Luciano F.

; Queiróz, Daniel B.C.

; Souza, Gabriela A.

; Pedrosa, Rodrigo P.

; Patriota, Tarcya L.G Couto

; Dórea, Egidio L.

; Vieira, Marcelo Luiz C.

; Righi, Camila G.

; Martinez, Denis

; Silva, Geruza A. da

; Silva, Giovanio V.

; Pio-Abreu, Andrea

; Lotufo, Paulo A.

; Benseãor, Isabela M.

; Bortolotto, Luiz A.

; Fuchs, Flávio D.

; Lorenzi-Filho, Geraldo

Clinics

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2021, Volume 76 elocation e2926

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

OBJECTIVES: To describe the MORPHEOS (Morbidity in patients with uncontrolled HTN and OSA) trial, and describe the challenges imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: MORPHEOS is a multicenter (n=6) randomized controlled trial designed to evaluate the blood pressure (BP) lowering effects of treatment with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) or placebo (nasal strips) for 6 months in adult patients with uncontrolled hypertension (HTN) and moderate-to-severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Patients using at least one antihypertensive medication were included. Uncontrolled HTN was confirmed by at least one abnormal parameter in the 24-hour ABPM and ≥80% medication adherence evaluated by pill counting after the run-in period. OSA was defined by an apnea-hypopnea index ≥15 events/hours. The co-primary endpoints are brachial BP (office and ambulatory BP monitoring, ABPM) and central BP. Secondary outcomes include hypertension-mediated organ damage (HMOD) to heart, aorta, eye, and kidney. We pre-specified several sub-studies from this investigation. Visits occur once a week in the first month and once a month thereafter. The programmed sample size was 176 patients but the pandemic prevented this final target. A post-hoc power analysis will be calculated from the final sample. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02270658. RESULTS: The first 100 patients are predominantly males (n=69), age: 52±10 years, body mass index: 32.7±3.9 kg/m2 with frequent co-morbidities. CONCLUSIONS: The MORPHEOS trial has a unique study design including a run-in period; pill counting, and detailed analysis of hypertension-mediated organ damage in patients with uncontrolled HTN that will allow clarification of the impact of OSA treatment with CPAP.

https://doi.org/10.6061/clinics/2021/e2926 145 downloads

Good Practice Recommendations from the Brazilian Society of Nephrology to Dialysis Units Concerning the Pandemic of the New Coronavirus (Covid-19)
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Moura-Neto, José A.

; Abreu, Andrea Pio de

; Delfino, Vinicius Daher Alvares

; Misael, Ana Maria

; D’Avila, Ronaldo

; Silva, Dirceu Reis da

; Andreoli, Maria Claudia Cruz

; Kraychete, Angiolina

; Bastos, Kleyton

; Nascimento, Marcelo Mazza do

Brazilian Journal of Nephrology

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2020, Volume 42 N. 2 Pages 15 - 17

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO Unidades de diálise são ambientes potencialmente propensos à disseminação da Covid-19. Os pacientes não podem suspender o tratamento, e são frequentemente portadores de comorbidades, o que confere maior risco e pior prognóstico. A Sociedade Brasileira de Nefrologia elaborou esse documento de boas práticas, cujas recomendações técnicas tratam de medidas gerais que podem ser implementadas para reduzir o risco de transmissão e evitar a disseminação da doença na unidade.

ABSTRACT Dialysis units are environments potentially prone to the spread of Covid-19. Patients cannot suspend treatment, and they often have comorbidities, which assigns them a higher risk and worse prognosis. The Brazilian Society of Nephrology prepared this document of good practices, whose technical recommendations deal with general measures that can be implemented to reduce the risk of transmission and prevent the spread of the disease in the unit.

https://doi.org/10.1590/2175-8239-jbn-2020-s105 1331 downloads

Caracterización de la mosca de la fruta en el cantón Pangua, parroquia Moraspungo, provincia de Cotopaxi
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Espinosa Cunuhay, Kleber Agusto

; Vivanco Sopa, Diana Marisol

; Salazar Arias, Juan Pio

; Vásquez Carrera, Paco Jovanni

; Hidalgo Osorio, William Armando

; Hidalgo Osorio, Anita Lucia

Centro Agrícola

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2020, Volume 47 Suppl. 1 Pages 38 - 42

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

ABSTRACT One of the phytosanitary problems at the national level has been the management of the fruit fly, which reduces production in the area. The objective of this work was to characterize the types of fruit flies (Anastrepha spp. and Ceratitis w). 38 GPS georeferenced traps were installed at a distance of 1 km between each trap. For monitoring, “Multilure” type traps baited with 2 pellets (tolura yeast tablets) and 250 ml of water for each trap were used. The following Anastrepha species were identified (A. sp., A. striata, A. faterculus, A. oblique, A. serpentina, A. atrox, A. distincta). In the study area, the presence of A. faterculus was mostly detected. The efficiency of the food bait (tolura yeast) was measured based on the MTD capture index. Therefore, research should continue to study the behavior of the fruit fly in seasonality.

RESUMEN Uno de los problemas fitosanitarios a nivel nacional ha sido el manejo de la mosca frutera que merma la producción en la zona. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue de caracterizar los tipos de mosca de la fruta (Anastrepha spp. y Ceratitis w). Se instalaron 38 trampas georreferenciadas con GPS a una distancia de 1 km entre cada trampa. Para el monitoreo se utilizó las trampas de tipo “Multilure” cebadas con 2 pelets (pastillas de levadura tolura) y 250 ml de agua por cada trampa. Se identificaron las siguientes especies de Anastrepha (A. sp., A. striata, A. faterculus, A. oblicua, A. serpentina, A.atrox, A. distincta). En la zona de estudio se detectó mayormente la presencia de A. faterculus. La eficiencia del cebo alimenticio (levadura tolura) se midió con base al índice de captura MTD. Por lo cual se debe seguir con la investigación para estudiar el comportamiento de la mosca de la fruta en la estacionalidad.

Traditional knowledge and uses of medicinal plants by the inhabitants of the islands of the São Francisco river, Brazil and preliminary analysis of Rhaphiodon echinus (Lamiaceae)
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Pio, I. D. S. L.

; Lavor, A. L.

; Damasceno, C. M. D.

; Menezes, P. M. N.

; Silva, F. S.

; Maia, G. L. A.

Brazilian Journal of Biology

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jan 2019, Volume 79 N. 1 Pages 87 - 99

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo Objetivou-se realizar um levantamento etnobotânico de plantas medicinais utilizadas nas ilhas do Massangano, Jatobá II e Rodeadouro, localizadas entre Petrolina-PE e Juazeiro-BA, no submédio do rio São Francisco e posterior investigação fitoquímica e farmacológica da espécie mais citada, conforme a indicação da comunidade. Realizaram-se visitas de observação nas ilhas e os dados etnobotânicos foram coletados por entrevistas semiestruturadas com 12 informantes-chave. Calculou-se a Importância Relativa (IR), a Porcentagem Corrigida de Concordância quanto ao Uso Principal (CUPc) e o Valor de Uso (VU). Utilizaram-se as partes aéreas da espécie mais citada para obtenção do extrato etanólico bruto (EEB-Re), suas frações hexânica (HEX-Re), clorofórmica (CLO-Re) e acetato de etila (AE-Re); o produto liofilizado (LIO-Re) e o óleo essencial (OE-Re). A técnica de microdiluição foi usada para determinar a Concentração Inibitória Mínima (CIM) para microorganismos selecionados. A atividade espasmolítica foi avaliada em fragmentos isolados de útero de ratas Wistar pré-contraídos com KCl 60 mM. Foram relatadas 34 espécies, contidas em 22 famílias diferentes. A maioria das plantas era cultivada pelos moradores. Registraram-se 51 enfermidades diferentes, mas a principal indicação foi doenças parasitárias e infecciosas. A espécie Rhaphiodon echinus (Ness & Mart.) Schauer foi a mais citada, com principal indicação para tratar infecção do trato urinário e dismenorreia. O screening fitoquímico revelou prevalência de flavonoides, taninos, lignanas e saponinas em LIO-Re e AE-Re e compostos terpênicos em HEX-Re e CLO-Re. Os testes antibacterianos mostraram que AE-Re é mais atuante contra E. coli e S. aureus do que para P. aeruginosa. O EEB-Re tem efeito parcial contra bactérias gram-negativas e OE-Re possui moderada resposta para todos microorganismos testados. LIO-Re, EEB-Re e HEX-Re possuem atividade espasmolítica dependente da concentração, sem diferença significativa e sem relaxamento total. Este trabalho trouxe conhecimento sobre o uso de plantas medicinais pelos ribeirinhos do rio São Francisco e revela a importância de estudos mais aprofundados para a comprovação científica do uso popular da R. echinus.

Abstract This study aimed to carry out an ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants used by inhabitants of the Rodeadouro Island, Jatoba Island and Massangano Island, located in The Submedium São Francisco River Valley. Also phytochemicals and preliminary pharmacological tests were performed to species most cited by the community. Ethnobotanical data were collected through observation visits and semi-structured interviews with 12 key informants. We calculated the relative importance (RI), the percentage of agreement related to the main uses (cAMU) and use value (UV). The aerial parts of Rhaphiodon echinus (Ness & Mart.) Schauer were used to obtain the lyophilizate (LYO-Re), crude ethanol extract (CEE-Re) and their hexanic (HEX-Re), chloroform (CLO-Re) and ethyl acetate (EA-Re) fractions. The microdilution technique was used for determining Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for selected microorganisms. Already the spasmolytic effect was evaluated in isolated uterus fragments of Wistar rats, pre contracted with KCl 60 mM. We found 34 species cited, belonging to 22 families. The most plants were grown by locals. There were 51 different diseases, but the main indication was infectious and parasitic diseases. The species R. echinus was the most reported and it was indicated for urinary tract infection and dysmenorrhea. The screening revealed a higher prevalence of flavonoids, tannins, lignans and saponins in LYO-Re and AE-Re. Already terpene compounds were more present in HEX-Re and CLO-Re. The RE-Re fraction stood out with strong effect against E. coli and S. aureus while CEE-Re has moderate effect against gram-negative bacteria. The evaluation of the spasmolytic activity showed that LYO-Re, CEE-Re and HEX-Re fractions have similar activity, with partial effect and concentration-dependent response. This work brought about knowledge and use of medicinal plants by the riparian of the São Francisco River. It also revealed the importance of other methodologies for scientific evidence for the popular use of R. echinus.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.177447 2213 downloads

Criptococosis congénita en un neonato expuesto a VIH: presentación de un caso
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Hurtado, Isabel C.

; Lopez, Pio

; Osorio, Miguel A.

; López-Medina, Eduardo

Infectio

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apr 2016, Volume 20 N. 2 Pages 93 - 96

Abstract: Es En | Text: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

La criptococosis puede afectar niños de todas las edades, especialmente aquellos inmunocomprometidos. Usualmente se adquiere a través de la inhalación de esporas del medio ambiente, aunque existen otras formas de transmisión. Describimos un caso de criptococosis congénita adquirido de una madre con síndrome de inmunodeficiencia adquirida (SIDA) y tratado en forma exitosa con combinación de antimicoticos.

Cryptococcosis may affect children of all ages, specially those who are inmunocompromised. It is usually acquired from the inhalation of environmental spores, although other sources of transmission exist. We describe a case of congenital cryptococcosis transmitted from a mother with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), which was successfully treated with combination antifungal agents.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infect.2015.05.003 1494 downloads

Antischistosomal activity from Brazilian marine algae
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Stein, Erika M.

; Machado, Levi P.

; Roffato, Henrique K.

; Miyasato, Patricia A.

; Nakano, Eliana

; Colepicolo, Pio

; Andreguetti, Daniel X.

Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia

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dec 2015, Volume 25 N. 6 Pages 663 - 667

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Schistosomiasis may be caused by six different species of the genus Schistosoma. Current treatment is based only on two drugs: oxamniquine, which is only effective against the Schistosoma mansoni species, and praziquantel, which is ineffective against young parasites. Therefore, research on new drugs and their targets for the treatment of this disease is urgently needed. In the present work, the efficacies of several seaweeds extracts against S. mansoni were tested. Worm couples were incubated with different concentration of seaweed extracts for 120 h and monitored after the first 2 h and then every 24 h to evaluate death, mobility reduction and couple detachment. The extracts of 13 different seaweed species were tested in a first trial and the active extracts were further evaluated in lower concentrations. The extracts of Gracilaria ornata and species belonging to the genera Dictyota and Laurencia showed activity at relatively low concentrations. The active extracts were analyzed by LC–MS, and possible candidates are proposed.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjp.2015.09.005 959 downloads

Un enfoque basado en programación matemática para la representación de las etapas de sacarificación y fermentación de una planta de bioetanol
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Albernas-Carvajal, Yailet

; Corsano, Gabriela

; Vega, Ovidio Marrero

; Aguirre, Pio A.

; Suárez, Erenio González

Centro Azúcar

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dec 2015, Volume 42 N. 4 Pages 37 - 48

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

The biorefineries concept from renewable sources has gained much attention in recent years because they improve sustainability with regard to fossil fuel refineries that are limited by the depletion of petroleum reserves. In this perspective, the production of ethanol from sugar cane bagasse is highly attractive because it reduces the fossil fuels consumption, the energy costs and the greenhouse gases emission. In this context, this paper aims to develop an optimal model design of an ethanol plant, considering bagasse pretreatment stages for subsequent simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF). SSF variant, as its name suggests, has the advantage that enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation stages are simultaneously carried out on the same equipment, obtaining directly the ethanol as a main product. The proposed approach is based on a mixed integer linear programming model which is optimized by GAMS-CPLEX package.

El concepto de biorefinerías a partir de fuentes renovables ha ganado gran atención en los últimos años porque éstas mejoran la sustentabilidad con respecto a las refinerías basadas en combustibles fósiles que están restringidas por el agotamiento de las reservas de petróleo. En esta perspectiva, la producción de etanol a partir del bagazo de caña de azúcar resulta altamente atractiva porque reduce el consumo de combustibles fósiles, los costos de energía y la emisión de gases de efecto invernadero. Bajo este contexto, se propone en este trabajo desarrollar un modelo diseño óptimo de una planta de etanol, considerando las etapas de pretratamiento de bagazo para la posterior sacarificación y fermentación simultánea (SSF). La variante de SSF, como su nombre lo indica, tiene la ventaja de que las etapas de hidrólisis enzimática y fermentación se llevan a cabo simultáneamente en el mismo equipo, obteniendo directamente etanol como producto. El enfoque propuesto está basado en programación matemática mixta entera lineal y el modelo resultante es optimizado mediante el paquete GAMS-CPLEX.

10.

Growth and microcystin production of a Brazilian Microcystis aeruginosa strain (LTPNA 02) under different nutrient conditions
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Bortoli, Stella

; Oliveira-Silva, Diogo

; Krüger, Thomas

; Dörr, Felipe A.

; Colepicolo, Pio

; Volmer, Dietrich A.

; Pinto, Ernani

Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia

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aug 2014, Volume 24 N. 4 Pages 389 - 398

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Cyanobacteria are prokaryotic and photosynthetic organisms, which can produce a wide range of bioactive compounds with different properties; including a variety of toxic compounds, also known as cyanotoxins. In this work, we describe the isolation of seven cyanobacterial strains from two reservoirs in São Paulo State, Brazil. Seven different chemical variants of microcystins (MC-RR, MC-LR, MC-YR, MC-LF, MC-LW, and two demethylated variants, dm-MC-RR and dm-MC-LR) were detected in three of the ten isolated strains. One particular Microcystis aeruginosa strain (LTPNA 02) was chosen to evaluate its growth by cell count, and its toxin production under seven different nutritional regimes. We observed different growth behaviors in the logarithmic growth period for only three experiments (p <0.05). The total growth analysis identified four experiments as different from the control (p < 0.01). Three microcystin variants (MC-RR, MC-LR and MC-YR) were quantified by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. At the experimental end, the toxin content was unchanged when comparing cell growth in ASM-1 (N:P = 1), MLA and BG-11 (N:P = 10) medium. In all other experiments, the lowest microcystin production was observed from cells grown in Bold 3N medium during the exponential growth phase. The highest microcystin content was observed in cultures using BG-11(N:P = 100) medium.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjp.2014.07.019 2877 downloads

11.

New drugs with antiprotozoal activity from marine algae: a review
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Torres, Fábio A.E.

; Passalacqua, Thais G.

; Velásquez, Angela M.A.

; Souza, Rodrigo A. de

; Colepicolo, Pio

; Graminha, Márcia A.S.

Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia

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jun 2014, Volume 24 N. 3 Pages 265 - 276

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

The use of indigenous or remote popular knowledge to identify new drugs against diseases or infections is a well-known approach in medicine. The inhabitants of coastal regions are known to prepare algae extracts for the treatment of disorders and ailments such as wounds, fever and stomach aches, as for the prevention of arrhythmia. Recent trends in drug research from natural sources have indicated that marine algae are a promising source of novel biochemically active compounds, especially with antiprotozoal activity. Algae survive in a competitive environment and, therefore, developed defense strategies that have resulted in a significant level of chemical structural diversity in various metabolic pathways. The exploration of these organisms for pharmaceutical and medical purposes has provided important chemical candidates for the discovery of new agents against neglected tropical diseases, stimulating the use of sophisticated physical techniques. This current review describes the main substances biosynthesized by benthic marine algae with activity against Leishmaniaspp., Trypanosoma cruziand Trypanosoma brucei; the causative agents of leishmaniasis, Chagas disease and African trypanosomiasis, respectively. Emphasis is given to secondary metabolites and crude extracts prepared from marine algae.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjp.2014.07.001 6021 downloads

12.

Composição química, compostos bioativos e dissimilaridade genética entre cultivares de amoreira (Rubus spp.) cultivadas no Sul de Minas Gerais
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Guedes, Mayara Neves Santos

; Maro, Luana Aparecida Castilho

; Abreu, Celeste Maria Patto de

; Pio, Rafael

; Patto, Leonardo Silva

Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura

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mar 2014, Volume 36 N. 1 Pages 206 - 213

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Frutos das cultivares Arapaho, Brazos, Caingangue, Cherokee, Choctaw, Comanche, Ébano, Guarani, Tupy e Xavante, e uma espécie de amoreira-vermelha (Rubus rosifolius Smith) foram avaliados quanto à composição química. Avaliou-se também a variação genética entre as cultivares de amoreira-preta e a espécie de amoreira-vermelha. Os resultados demonstraram variações na composição química dos frutos estudados. A amora- vermelha apresentou menor teor de umidade e maiores valores para os componentes cinzas, açúcares totais, açúcares redutores, açúcares näo redutores, pectina total, pectina solúvel, fenóis, flavonoides, licopeno, β-caroteno e vitamina A. Os teores de umidade e antocianinas, a porcentagem de solubilização e a atividade antioxidante foram maiores nos frutos da cultivar Ébano. Verificou-se que os frutos da amoreira-vermelha e da cultivar Ébano apresentaram o maior grau de divergência genética para as variáveis analisadas. Isto indica a possibilidade de uso das mesmas em programas de melhoramento que visem à melhoria da composição química.

Fruit cultivars Arapaho, Brazos, Caingangue, Cherokee, Choctaw, Comanche, Ébano, Guarani, Tupy and Xavante and a specie of redberry (Rubus rosifolius Smith), were evaluated for chemical composition. We also evaluated the genetic variation among cultivars blackberry and specie of redberry. The results demonstrate variations in the chemical composition of the fruits studied. Redberry showed lower humidity content and values for virtually components ash, total sugars, reducing sugars, non-reducing sugars, total pectin, soluble pectin, phenols, flavonoids, lycopene, β-carotene and vitamin A. With the exception of moisture, the anthocyanins, the percentage of solubilization and the antioxidant activity, which showed higher in fruit of Ébano cultivar. It was also found that fruits of redberry and Ébano cultivar showed the highest degree of genetic divergence for the analyzed variables. This indicates the possibility of using them in breeding programs aimed at improving the chemical composition.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0100-2945-230/13 2706 downloads Cited 1 time in SciELO

13.

Costo efectividad de diferentes estrategias diagnósticas para detección de toxoplasmosis congénita en el recién nacido
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Chicaíza-Becerra, Liliana

; García-Molina, Mario

; Oviedo-Ariza, Sandra

; Gómez-Marín, Jorge Enrique

; Gómez-Sánchez, Pio Ivan

Infectio

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jun 2013, Volume 17 N. 2 Pages 53 - 60

Abstract: Es En | Text: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

Objetivo: Estimar la costo-efectividad para Colombia del diagnóstico de toxoplasmosis congénita en el recién nacido de madre con historia de infección durante el embarazo. Métodos. Se construyó un árbol de decisión en TreeAge ® con desenlace casos correctamente identificados. Las alternativas del modelo fueron: i) Western Blot (WB); ii) IgM e IgA, con confirmación por WB; iii) IgG, IgM e IgA con confirmación por WB y seguimiento con IgG. La perspectiva es la del sistema de salud con cifras expresadas en pesos colombianos de 2010 sin descuento. Resultados: La estrategia de menor costo y efectividad fue la i). La estrategia ii) es más cara y más efectiva que la i), y la estrategia iii) es más cara y efectiva que las anteriores. El costo de detectar un caso adicional correctamente con la estrategia ii) en lugar de la i) es de $6.189.871. Este resultado es sensible al costo de la prueba de Western Blot y su sensibilidad, así como a la prevalencia de la toxoplasmosis congénita. El costo de detectar un caso adicional correctamente con la estrategia iii) en lugar de la ii) es de $65.529.979, resultado que es sensible a la prevalencia de la toxoplasmosis congénita, la sensibilidad de la prueba conjunta de IgM e IgA y la sensibilidad del Western Blot. Según el análisis de sensibilidad probabilístico, si la disponibilidad a pagar (DAP) por caso detectado adicional es inferior a $6,7 millones de pesos, es más probable que la estrategia costo-efectiva sea la i); quedando entre $6,7 millones de pesos y $74 millones de pesos la ii), y la iii) por encima de $74 millones de pesos. Conclusiones: La alternativa costo-efectiva para Colombia dependerá de la disponibilidad a pagar (DAP) por caso adicional detectado de toxoplasmosis congénita. La DAP debería tomar en cuenta la efectividad del tratamiento y los costos evitados por las secuelas de la infección.

Objectives: To evaluate the cost-effectiveness in Colombia of strategies for congenital toxoplasmosis detection in newborns of mothers with a history of infection. Methods: We built a decision tree in TreeAge ®, with correctly identified outcome cases and considering 3 diagnostic strategies: A) Western Blot (WB); B) IgM and IgA, with WB confirmation; and C) IgG, IgM and IgA, with WB confirmation and IgG monitoring. The perspective is that of the Colombian health system. Prices are expressed in Colombian pesos (COP, 2010) with no discount. Results: The least expensive and least efficient strategy was option A. Option B had a higher cost and higher effectiveness, and option C was the most expensive and effective strategy. The incremental cost effectiveness ratio (ICER) of strategy B versus A was COP 6,189,871. This ICER is sensitive to the cost and sensitivity of the WB and to the prevalence of congenital toxoplasmosis. The ICER for strategy C versus B was COP 65,529,979, which was sensitive to the prevalence of congenital toxoplasmosis, the sensitivity of the joint IgM and IgA test and the sensitivity of the WB. According to the probabilistic sensitivity analysis, if the willingness to pay (WTP) for each additional detected case of congenital toxoplasmosis is lower than COP 6.7 million, option A is more likely to be cost-effective. If the WTP is between COP 6.7 million and COP 74 million, option B is more likely to be cost-effective, and if the WTP is above COP 74 million, then option is more likely to be cost-effective. Conclusions: The cost-effective alternative for Colombia depends on the willingness to pay for additional cases of detected congenital toxoplasmosis. WTP should take into account treatment effectiveness and the costs of the infection sequelae.

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14.

Resistance and susceptibility of mandarins and their hybrids to Alternaria alternata
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Pacheco, Camilla de Andrade

; Martelli, Ivan Bortolato

; Polydoro, Denis Augusto

; Schinor, Evandro Henrique

; Pio, Rose Mary

; Kupper, Kátia Cristina

; Azevedo, Fernando Alves de

Scientia Agricola

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dec 2012, Volume 69 N. 6 Pages 386 - 392

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Caused by Alternaria alternata, Alternaria brown spot (ABS) is a major fungal disease of mandarins in Brazil, causing serious losses in commercial orchards of Ponkan tangerine (Citrus reticulata Blanco) and Murcott tangor [C. sinensis (L.) Osbeck × C. reticulata Blanco]. The response of 31 accessions/genotypes of mandarins and their hybrids to A. alternata, was evaluated in São Paulo state, Brazil. The incidence and severity of the disease in fruit were evaluated in the field, using diagrammatic scale, four times during 2008 and 2009. Based on these data, the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) was calculated. In parallel, in vivo and in vitro inoculations with A. alternata were made on leaves to confirm field results. Resistance and susceptibility was evaluated in controlled experiments by counting the number of lesions per leaf using a diagrammatic scale. Most of the genotypes were symptomatic after inoculation with A. alternata with disease most severe on the hybrids Nova, África do Sul, Ponkan and Murcott. Cultivars like Cravo, Nules and Ortanique that have excellent fruit quality and had lower AUDPCs, whereas Fremont and Thomas were highly resistant to the fungus and did not show any symptoms in the field or in controlled inoculations. The attractiveness and pronounced flavor of Fremont and Thomas fruit make them new options for the citriculture.

8796 downloads Cited 5 times in SciELO

15.

Effects of a cyanobacterial extract containing-anatoxin-a(s) on the cardiac rhythm of Leurolestes circunvagans
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Rodríguez, Vania

; Mori, Bruno

; Dörr, Felipe A.

; Dal Belo, Cháriston A.

; Colepicolo, Pio

; Pinto, Ernani

Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia

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aug 2012, Volume 22 N. 4 Pages 775 - 781

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

This work presents the effects of an anatoxin-a(s)-containing extract on a cockroach semi-isolated heart preparation and the results supporting the extract’s biological activity on acetylcholinesterase (purified from ell). The presence of the toxin in cyanobacterial strains Anabaena spiroides (ITEP-024, ITEP-025 and ITEP-026) isolated from the Tapacurá reservoir in Pernambuco, Brazil, was confirmed by means of liquid chromatography coupled to an ion-trap mass spectrometer. The anticholinesterase activity was assessed biochemically by the Ellman test and was confirmed by measuring the cockroach’s heart rate. The concentration of the extract containing the tested anatoxin-a(s) (antx-a(s)) (10, 16 and 100 μg.μL-1) inhibited the eel acetylcholinesterase (AChE) by more than 90%. The cockroach cardiac frequency increased by a maximum of about 20% within 29 min after the addition of 2.5x10³ μg of extract containing antxa (s).g-1 bw (n=9, p<0.05). Our results strongly indicate that antx-a(s) is capable of exerting biological effects on cockroach, indicating that more research might be conducted to determine its role in the environment, especially on insects.

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