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Abstract A lectin from the marine sponge Haliclona (Reniera) implexiformis (HiL) was isolated by affinity chromatography on Sepharose™ matrix. HiL showed specificity for galactose and its derivatives. The glycoproteins porcine stomach mucin (PSM) and bovine stomach mucin (BSM) were potent inhibitors. Hemagglutinating activity of the lectin was maximal between pH 5.0 and 9.0. The lectin remained active until 60°C. The presence of CaCl2 and EDTA did not affect the hemagglutinating activity. In SDS-PAGE, HiL showed a single band of 20 kDa under reduced conditions, whereas in the non-reducing conditions, it showed a band of 20 kDa and one additional band of 36 kDa. The average molecular mass determined by Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (ESI-MS) was 35.874 ± 2 Da in native and non-reducing conditions, whereas carboxyamidomethylated-lectin showed 18,111 Da. These data indicated that HiL consists in a dimer formed by identical subunits linked by disulfide bonds. Partial amino acid sequence of HiL was determined by mass spectrometry, and revealed that it is a new type of lectin, which showed no similarity with any protein. Secondary structure consisted of 6% α-helice, 31% β-sheet, 18% β-turn and 45% random coil. HiL showed significant reduction in the number of viable cells of Staphylococcus biofilms.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202320220379

Purification, biochemical characterization of a lectin from marine sponge Ircinia strobilina and its effect on the inhibition of bacterial biofilms
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ALMEIDA, ALEXANDRA S. DE

; MENDONÇA, DAYARA N.M.

; CARNEIRO, RÔMULO F.

; PINHEIRO, ULISSES

; NASCIMENTO, ELIELTON FRANCISCO DO

; ANDRADE, ALEXANDRE L.

; VASCONCELOS, MAYRON A. DE

; TEIXEIRA, EDSON H.

; NAGANO, CELSO S.

; SAMPAIO, ALEXANDRE H.

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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2023, Volume 95 Suppl. 2 elocation e20220619

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract A new lectin from marine sponge Ircinia strobilina, denominated IsL, was isolated by combination of affinity chromatography in Guar gum matrix followed by size exclusion chromatography. IsL was able to agglutinate native and enzymatically treated rabbit erythrocytes, being inhibited by galactosides, such as α-methyl-D-galactopyranoside, β-methyl-D-galactopyranoside and α-lactose. IsL hemagglutinating activity was stable at neutral to alkaline pH, however the lectin loses its activity at 40° C. The molecular mass determinated by mass spectrometry was 13.655 ± 5 Da. Approximately 40% of the primary structure of IsL was determined by mass spectrometry, but no similarity was observed with any protein. The secondary structure of IsL consists of 28% α-helix, 26% β-sheet, and 46% random region, as determined by dichroism circular. IsL was a calcium-dependent lectin, but no significant variations were observed by circular dichroism when IsL was incubated in presence of calcium and EDTA. IsL was not toxic against Artemia nauplii and did not have antimicrobial activity against bacterial cells. However, the IsL was able to significantly inhibit the biofilm formation of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202320220619

COVID-19 in the Perioperative Period of Cardiovascular Surgery: the Brazilian Experience
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Gomes, Walter J.

; Rocco, Isadora

; Pimentel, Wallace S.

; Pinheiro, Aislan H. B.

; Souza, Paulo M. S.

; Costa, Luiz A. A.

; Teixeira, Marjory M. P.

; Ohashi, Leonardo P.

; Bublitz, Caroline

; Begot, Isis

; Moreira, Rita Simone L

; Hossne Jr, Nelson A.

; Vargas, Guilherme F.

; Branco, João Nelson R.

; Teles, Carlos A.

; Medeiros, Eduardo A. S.

; Sáfadi, Camila

; Rampinelli, Amândio

; Moratelli Neto, Leopoldo

; Rosado, Anderson Rosa

; Mesacasa, Franciele Kuhn

; Capriata, Ismael Escobar

; Segalote, Rodrigo Coelho

; Palmieri, Deborah Louize da Rocha Vianna

; Jardim, Amanda Cristina Mendes

; Vianna, Diego Sarty

; Coutinho, Joaquim Henrique de Souza Aguiar

; Jazbik, João Carlos

; Coutinho, Henrique Madureira da Rocha

; Kikuta, Gustavo

; Almeida, Zely Sant'Anna Marotti de

; Feguri, Gibran Roder

; Lima, Paulo Ruiz Lucio de

; Franco, Anna Carolina

; Borges, Danilo de Cerqueira

; Cruz, Felipe Ramos Honorato De La

; Croti, Ulisses Alexandre

; Borim, Bruna Cury

; Marchi, Carlos Henrique De

; Goraieb, Lilian

; Postigo, Karolyne Barroca Sanches

; Jucá, Fabiano Gonçalves

; Oliveira, Fátima Rosane de Almeida

; Souza, Rafael Bezerra de

; Zilli, Alexandre Cabral

; Mas, Raul Gaston Sanchez

; Bettiati Junior, Luiz Carlos

; Tranchesi, Ricardo

; Bertini Jr, Ayrton

; Franco, Leandro Vieira

; Fernandes, Priscila

; Oliveira, Fabiana

; Moraes Jr, Roberto

; Araújo, Thiago Cavalcanti Vila Nova de

; Braga, Otávio Penna

; Pedrosa Sobrinho, Antônio Cavalcanti

; Teixeira, Roberta Tavares Barreto

; Camboim, Irla Lavor Lucena

; Gomes, Eduardo Nascimento

; Reis, Pedro Horigushi

; Garcia, Luara Piovan

; Scorsioni, Nelson Henrique Goes

; Lago, Roberto

; Guizilini, Solange

Brazilian Journal of Cardiovascular Surgery

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dec 2021, Volume 36 N. 6 Pages 725 - 735

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Introduction: We investigated the clinical course and outcomes of patients submitted to cardiovascular surgery in Brazil and who had developed symptoms/signs of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the perioperative period. Methods: A retrospective multicenter study including 104 patients who were allocated in three groups according to time of positive real time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for the SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2): group 1, patients who underwent cardiac surgery > 10 days after positive RT-PCR; group 2, patients with a positive RT-PCR within 10 days before or after surgery; group 3, patients who presented positive RT-PCR > 10 days after surgery. The primary outcome was mortality and secondary outcomes were postoperative complications, intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay, and postoperative days of hospitalization. Results: The three groups were similar with respect to age, the European System of Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation score, and comorbidities, except hypertension. Postoperative complications and death were significantly higher in groups 2 and 3 than in group 1, and no significant difference between groups 2 and 3 was seen. Group 2 showed a high prevalence of surgery performed as an urgent procedure. Although no significant differences were observed in ICU length of stay, total postoperative hospitalization time was significantly higher in group 3 than in groups 1 and 2. Conclusion: COVID-19 affecting the postoperative period of patients who underwent cardiovascular surgery is associated with a higher rate of morbidity and mortality. Delaying procedures in RT-PCR-positive patients may help reduce risks of perioperative complications and death.

https://doi.org/10.21470/1678-9741-2021-0960

Observations of life history traits of Typton carneus Holthuis, 1951 (Caridea, Palaemonidae): a poorly known sponge-dwelling shrimp
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Paixão, Pedro Henrique

; Soledade, Guidomar Oliveira

; Cavalcanti, Thaynã

; Pinheiro, Ulisses

; Almeida, Alexandre Oliveira

Nauplius

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2021, Volume 29 elocation e2021026

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract The objective of this study was to investigate some life history traits of the palaemonid shrimp Typton carneus collected from a reef in northeastern Brazil. Samples of the sponges Amphimedon compressa, A. viridis, Desmapsamma anchorata, Dysidea etheria, Haliclona implexiformis and Tedania ignis were analyzed and shrimps were removed from them. A total of 41 individuals were found in Te. ignis, three in H. implexiformis and one in D. etheria; the latter two sponges are new records of sponge hosts for Ty. carneus. Of the specimens associated with Te. ignis, 24 were males, 10 ovigerous females, six non-ovigerous females and one juvenile male. Fecundity varied between 19 to 56 eggs (37 ± 14) per female, and the mean egg volume was 0.033 ± 0.010 mm³. Eleven heterosexual pairs were obtained. Characteristics of the pairs suggest a monogamous mating system for the studied population, such as: the absence of sexual dimorphism in weaponry and body size and presence of paired non-brooding and brooding females carrying eggs in different development stages; and a sex ratio that does not differ from the expected 1:1. However, the lack of size-assortative pairing as well as the low proportion of pairs, compared to solitary individuals, have been observed in polygamous mating systems.

https://doi.org/10.1590/2358-2936e2021026 195 downloads

Transferability of heterologous primers in Brycon falcatus
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PENHA, Diego dos Santos

; SOUZA, Felipe Pinheiro de

; LIMA, Ed Christian Suzuki de

; URREA-ROJAS, Angela Maria

; PANDOLFI, Victor César Freitas

; YAMACHITA, Andrei Lincoln

; POVH, Jayme Aparecido

; LEITE, Natalia Gonçalves

; PEREIRA, Ulisses de Pádua

; LOPERA-BARRERO, Nelson Mauricio

Acta Amazonica

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sep 2020, Volume 50 N. 3 Pages 232 - 238

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO O gênero Brycon compreende um grupo de espécies de peixes de grande importância socioeconômica e biológica no Brasil. Entretanto, o conhecimento genético dessas espécies é escasso, principalmente no caso do Brycon falcatus. Diante disso, objetivou-se verificar a transferibilidade de primers heterólogos em B. falcatus. Foram avaliados primers heterólogos provenientes das espécies B. opalinus, B. hilarii, B. insignis, B. orbignyanus, B. amazonicus, Prochilodus argenteus, Prochilodus lineatus, Piaractus mesopotamicus e Colossoma macropomum. Os primers que demonstraram melhores padrões de amplificação foram aplicados a uma amostra de 22 indivíduos e os parâmetros genéticos foram calculados. Nove primers apresentaram resultados satisfatórios de amplificação cruzada com B. falcatus: BoM5 (Brycon opalinus), Bh8, Bh13 e Bh16 (B. hilarii); Borg59 (Brycon orbignyanus); Bag22 (B. amazonicus); Par12 and Par80 (Prochilodus argenteus) e Cm1A8 (Colossoma macropomum). Os parâmetros genéticos (número de alelos, alelos efetivos, riqueza de alelos e heterozigosidade esperada e observada) e o conteúdo de informação polimórfica (PIC) demonstraram a viabilidade da utilização dos primers para análises genéticas populacionais. Nosso estudo demonstra o potencial de transferibilidade de marcadores microssatélites de espécies relacionadas e até de gêneros diferentes para B. falcatus, fornecendo ferramentas úteis para futuros estudos genéticos populacionais nessa espécie.

ABSTRACT The genusBryconcomprises fish species of significant socioeconomic and biological importance in Brazil. Despite that, the genetic knowledge about these species is scarce, especially regardingBrycon falcatus. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the transferability of heterologous microsatellite primers inB. falcatus for the first time. Heterologous primers obtained from B. opalinus, B. hilarii, B. insignis, B. orbignyanus, B. amazonicus, Prochilodus argenteus, Prochilodus lineatus, Piaractus mesopotamicus, and Colossoma macropomum were evaluated. The primers that showed the best amplification patterns were applied to a sample of 22 individuals and the genetic parameters were calculated. Nine primers displayed satisfactory cross-amplification withB. falcatus: BoM5 (Brycon opalinus); Bh8, Bh13 and Bh16 (B. hilarii); Borg59 (B. orbignyanus); Bag22 (B. amazonicus); Par12 and Par80 (P. argenteus), and Cm1A8 (C. macropomum). The genetic parameters (number of alleles, effective alleles, allele richness, and expected and observed heterozygosity) and the polymorphic information content (PIC) confirmed the viability of these primers for population genetics analyses. Our study demonstrates the potential of transferability of microsatellite markers from related species and even different genera to B. falcatus, providing usefull tools for future population genetic studies in this species.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-4392201904191 876 downloads

Hatchability of gemmules of two Neotropical freshwater sponges (Porifera: Spongillida)
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Calheira, Ludimila

; Santos, Paulo J. P.

; Pinheiro, Ulisses

Iheringia. Série Zoologia

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2020, Volume 110 elocation e2020001

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO Ambientes de águas continentais estão suscetíveis a condições ambientais extremas, determinantes à evolução de várias estratégias adaptativas para estas condições variáveis. As esponjas de águas continentais produzem corpos resistentes chamados gêmulas, que contêm células totipotentes e espículas especializadas (gemoscleras). As gêmulas completamente formadas exibem baixas taxas metabólicas e podem tornar-se dormentes tipicamente durante períodos de estresse ambiental. Até agora, poucas espécies tiveram sua capacidade de eclosão testada frente diferentes condições ambientais. O objetivo do presente estudo foi testar a capacidade de eclosão de gêmulas para duas espécies (Heteromeyenia cristalina Batista, Volkmer-Ribeiro & Melão, 2007 e Radiospongilla inesi Nicacio & Pinheiro, 2011) de esponjas de águas continentais em águas de diferentes localidades. Foram realizados cinco ensaios (A): A1 (água do local da coleta das esponjas); A2 (água do Rio Pirangi); A3 (água da Lagoa Araraquara); A4 (água mineral) e A5 (água do local da coleta das esponjas). Para cada ensaio, três réplicas com 30 gêmulas foram usadas. As gêmulas foram observadas diariamente durante 30 dias. A análise de dados foi conduzida usando ANOVA e o teste aposteriori Tukey. Os resultados mostraram que gêmulas de ambas espécies submetidas ao A3 não eclodiram, provavelmente devido à alta condutividade. Há diferenças entre os ensaios (A1, A2 e A4) e entre espécies (F2, 12 = 77.2; P < 0.001). Ao comparar A1 e A5, houve diferenças significativas entre ambos os ensaios e espécies (F1, 8 = 27.5; P < 0.001). Radiospongilla inesi apresentou alta taxa de eclosão em todos os ensaios enquanto que Heteromeyenia cristalina teve uma alta taxa de eclosão apenas no ensaio com água do seu ambiente natural. Os resultados mostram claramente que cada espécie tem diferente capacidade de eclosão.

ABSTRACT Inland waters experience extreme environmental conditions determining the evolution of several adaptive strategies of the fauna to these variable conditions. Freshwater sponges produce resisting bodies called gemmules that contain totipotent cells and specialized spicules (gemmuloscleres). Completely formed gemmules exhibit low metabolic rates and may become dormant during periods of environmental stress. Until now, few species had their hatchability tested against different environmental conditions. The purpose of the present study was to test the capacity of hatching gemmules of two freshwater sponge species (Heteromeyenia cristalina Batista, Volkmer-Ribeiro & Melão, 2007 and Radiospongilla inesi Nicacio & Pinheiro, 2011) from inland waters from different localities. Five assays were tested (A): A1 (water of sponge collection site); A2 (Pirangi River water); A3 (Araraquara Pond water); A4 (mineral water) and A5 (A1 after drying gemmules). For each assay, three replicates with 30 gemmules were used. The gemmules were observed daily during 30 days. Data analysis was performed using ANOVA and a posteriori Tukey test. Results showed that gemmules from both species submitted to A3 have not hatched, probably due to its very high conductivity. There was a significant difference between assays (A1, A2 and A4) and between species (F2, 12 = 77.2; P < 0.001). Comparison between A1 and A5 showed significant differences between both assays and species (F1, 8 = 27.5; P < 0.001). Radiospongilla inesi presented high hatching rate at all assays, while H. cristalina had a high hatching rate only on A1 and A5. Results clearly show that each species has a different capacity of hatching.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4766e2020001 1830 downloads

New records of association between caridean shrimps (Decapoda) and sponges (Porifera) in Abrolhos Archipelago, northeastern Brazil
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Soledade, Guidomar Oliveira

; Santos, George Garcia

; Pinheiro, Ulisses

; Almeida, Alexandre Oliveira

Nauplius

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2017, Volume 25 elocation e2017027

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract The association of the caridean shrimps Anchistioides antiguensis (Schmitt, 1924) and Typton gnathophylloides Holthuis, 1951 with the sponges Dysidea janiae (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864) and Amphimedon viridis Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864, respectively, is reported for the first time. The material was collected in coral reefs surrounding Santa Barbara Island, Abrolhos Archipelago, Bahia, Brazil. The shrimps occupied different locations inside the sponges. Previous records of associations between these carideans and other hosts were revised and the possible type of association between the shrimps and their hosts is discussed. The occurrence of the sponge A. viridis in the Abrolhos Archipelago is also reported for the first time.

https://doi.org/10.1590/2358-2936e2017027 1177 downloads

Perfil dos usuários de substâncias psicoativas de João Pessoa
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Almeida, Rosilene Alves de

; Anjos, Ulisses Umbelino dos

; Vianna, Rodrigo Pinheiro de Toledo

; Pequeno, Gutenberg Alves

Saúde em Debate

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sep 2014, Volume 38 N. 102 Pages 526 - 538

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Objetiva-se descrever o perfil dos usuários de substâncias psicoativas de João Pessoa com dados de 706 usuários, analisados no R Project, aplicando o Qui-quadrado. Em sua maioria, os usuários eram do sexo masculino, de pardos, solteiros, de 21 a 30 anos, de baixa escolaridade, desempregados, cuja relação familiar era boa. A maior parte adentrou no serviço por demanda espontânea e era acompanhada na modalidade semi-intensiva, consumiam de 01 a 10 tipos de drogas, sendo as mais frequentes álcool, tabaco, crack e maconha. Faz-se importante conhecer o perfil dos usuários de drogas, de modo a orientar as equipes de saúde para lidar com sua diversidade e a promover ações conforme a realidade da clientela.

The aim is to describe the profile of drug users of João Pessoa with datas from 706 users analyzed in the R Project software, applying the Chi-square. It was found that the majority of users were male, mulatto, single, 21-30 years old, with low educational level, unemployed, with good family relationship. Most entered the service through spontaneous demand and were accompanied in the semi-intensive modality. They were consuming 01-10 types of drugs, being the most common alcohol, tobacco, crack and marijuana. It is important to know the profile of drug users, in order to guide health teams to deal with their diversity and promote actions according to the reality of the clientele.

https://doi.org/10.5935/0103-1104.20140049 432 downloads

Perfil dos usuários de substâncias psicoativas de João Pessoa
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Almeida, Rosilene Alves de

; Anjos, Ulisses Umbelino dos

; Vianna, Rodrigo Pinheiro de Toledo

; Pequeno, Gutenberg Alves

Saúde em Debate

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sep 2014, Volume 38 N. 102 Pages 526 - 538

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

https://doi.org/10.5935/0103-1104.20140049 7314 downloads

10.

Ephemeroptera (Insecta) from Pernambuco State, northeastern Brazil
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Lima, Lucas R. C.

; Salles, Frederico F.

; Pinheiro, Ulisses

Revista Brasileira de Entomologia

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sep 2012, Volume 56 N. 3 Pages 304 - 314

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

É apresentada a primeira lista de espécies da ordem Ephemeroptera do Estado de Pernambuco, Região Nordeste do Brasil. O levantamento foi baseado em coletas em vários rios e riachos de 17 municípios. Foram registrados cinco famílias, 28 gêneros e 38 espécies, incluindo 22 novos gêneros e 31 espécies novas para o Estado de Pernambuco. Além disso, Farrodes tepui Domínguez, Molineri & Peters, 1996, Lisetta ernsti Thomas & Dominique, 2005 e Simothraulopsis (Maculognathus) sabalo Kluge, 2007 são registrados pela primeira vez para o Brasil.

The first list of the species of Ephemeroptera from Pernambuco State, Northeastern Brazil, is presented. The survey was based on collections from numerous rivers and streams of 17 counties. A total of five families, 28 genera, and 38 species were recorded, including 22 genera and 31 species newly recorded from Pernambuco State. Moreover, Farrodes tepui Domínguez, Molineri & Peters, 1996, Lisetta ernsti Thomas & Dominique, 2005, and Simothraulopsis (Maculognathus) sabalo Kluge, 2007 are recorded for the first time to Brazil.

2852 downloads

11.

Aplysfistularine: a novel dibromotyrosine derivative isolated from Aplysina fistularis
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Lira, Narlize Silva

; Monte-Neto, Rubens L.

; Marchi, João Guilherme B.

; Lins, Antônio Cláudio da Silva

; Tavares, Josean Fechine

; Silva, Marcelo Sobral da

; Dias, Celidarque da Silva

; Barbosa-Filho, José Maria

; Santos, Creusioni Figueredo dos

; Cunha, Emídio Vasconcelos Leitão da

; Pinheiro, Ulisses dos Santos

; Braz-Filho, Raimundo

Química Nova

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2012, Volume 35 N. 11 Pages 2189 - 2193

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

The new dibromotyrosine derivative 3,5-dibromo-4-[3'dimethylamonium]propoxyphenyl]-N,N,N-trimethylethanamonium, here referred to as aplysfistularine (1), was isolated from the marine sponge Aplysina fistularis along with 2-(3,5-dibromo-4methoxyphenyl)-N,N,N-trimethylethanamonium (2), aplysterol (3) and 24,28-didehydroaplysterol (4). Their identification was performed by mass spectrometry, infrared, ¹H and 13C NMR, and by comparison with literature data. Compound 2 and the mixture of 3 and 4 were tested in vitro (inhibitory activity) with supercoiled DNA relaxation techniques, and showed inhibitory activity on human DNA topoisomerase II-α. Compound 1 was not tested due to paucity of the material.

2454 downloads

12.

Espécies de Baetidae (Ephemeroptera) do Sul da Bahia, com descrição de uma nova espécie de Paracloeodes day
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Lima, Lucas R C

; Salles, Frederico F

; Pinheiro, Ulisses S

; Quinto, Edilane

Neotropical Entomology

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oct 2010, Volume 39 N. 5 Pages 725 - 731

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Based on collections in five municipalities from southern Bahia, a new species, Paracloeodes quadridentatus sp. n., is described from Brazil. It can be distinguished, among other characteristics, by the presence of three, often four, well developed denticles on the tarsal claws, a characteristic that has never been found in other species of the genus. Besides the description of the new species, the following 14 taxa of Baetidae are recorded for the first time from the State of Bahia: Americabaetis alphus Lugo-Ortiz & McCafferty, Americabaetis labiosus Lugo-Ortiz & McCafferty, Aturbina georgei Lugo-Ortiz & McCafferty, Baetodes sp., Callibaetis sp., Camelobaetidius francischettii Salles Andrade & Da-Silva, Camelobaetidius lassance Salles & Serrão, Camelobaetidius sp. 1, Camelobaetidius sp. 2, Cloeodes cf. opacus Nieto & Richard, Cryptonympha dasilvai Salles & Francischetti, Spiritiops silvudus Lugo-Ortiz & McCafferty, Waltzoyphius fasciatus McCafferty & Lugo-Ortiz e Zelusia principalis Lugo-Ortiz & McCafferty. As this is the first survey of Baetidae from Bahia, and it was restricted to the southern part of the state, sampling efforts in other areas are extremely required and should increase considerably the number of species, or even genera, reported from the state.

2531 downloads

13.

Representações sociais dos moradores da Baía de Camamu sobre o Filo Porifera
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Docio, Loyana

; Razera, Júlio César Castilho

; Pinheiro, Ulisses dos Santos

Ciência & Educação (Bauru)

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2009, Volume 15 N. 3 Pages 612 - 629

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

O artigo apresenta uma pesquisa que teve o objetivo de traçar um perfil das representações sociais dos moradores de três localidades da Baía de Camamu, Estado da Bahia, sobre o Filo Porifera. O foco nos poríferos foi motivado pela grande biomassa de esponjas no fenômeno de arribação da baía e ausência de pesquisas sobre esses animais na área do ensino. A metodologia esteve pautada nas representações sociais, pois conhecimentos (re)construídos na vivência de um local característico, como o apresentado por esse ambiente, permitem desenhar perspectivas que subsidiam o ensino de Ciências, por exemplo, no tratamento dos obstáculos epistemológicos à aprendizagem de conceitos científicos. Foram realizadas sessenta entrevistas semiestruturadas, vinte em cada lugarejo (Ilha do Contrato, Barra Grande e Ilha dos Tubarões). Os dados foram organizados em categorias que resultaram num perfil de conhecimentos sobre os seguintes aspectos dos poríferos: estado vital, origem, taxonomia, ecologia, anatomia, fisiologia, utilidade antrópica e espongose.

This study established a profile of social representations by inhabitants in three locations in Camamu Bay (state of Bahia) of the Phylum Porifera. Among other reasons, the focus on Porifera is due to its significant biomass ascertained in the bay region's migration phenomenon and the lack of research on these animals in education. The methodology used was based on social representations because when knowledge is (re)built from experience of a location with a characteristic profile is compared to scientific knowledge, it is possible to draw perspectives for Science education, such as the epistemological obstacles to the learning of scientific concepts. Sixty semi-structured interviews were carried out, twenty in each place (Ilha do Contrato, Barra Grande, and Ilha dos Tubarões). The gathered data was organized into categories that outlined a profile of knowledge that includes characteristics such as seasonality, animism, behavior, classification, physiology, and anthropic utility.

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14.

The T-cell anergy induced by Leishmania amazonensis antigens is related with defective antigen presentation and apoptosis
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Pinheiro, Roberta O.

; Pinto, Eduardo F.

; Benedito, Alessandra B.

; Lopes, Ulisses G.

; Rossi-Bergmann, Bartira

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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sep 2004, Volume 76 N. 3 Pages 519 - 527

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

A Leishmania amazonensis é o principal agente etiológico da leishmaniose cutânea difusa, uma doença associada a respostas imunes anérgicas. Neste estudo nós mostramos que o extrato bruto de promastigotas de Leishmania amazonensis (LaAg), mas não de L. braziliensis (LbAg), contém substâncias que suprimem respostas proliferativas, espontâneas e mitogênicas, de células T. As substâncias supressoras no LaAg são termo-resistentes (100°C/1h) e parcialmente dependentes da atividade de proteases. A anergia de células T não foi devida à diminuição na produção de fatores de crescimento, uma vez que não foi revertida pela adição de: IL-2, IL-4, IFN-gama ou IL-12. O LaAg não inibiu a ativação de células T induzida por anti-CD3, sugerindo que a anergia é devida a um defeito na apresentação de antígenos. A anergia não foi devida à necrose celular, mas foi acompanhada de uma expressiva fragmentação de DNA nas células de linfonodos, indicativo de apoptose. Apesar da pré-incubação de macrófagos com LaAg ter inibido sua capacidade de apresentação de antigenos, este efeito não foi devido à apoptose dos primeiros. Estes resultados sugerem que a anergia de células T encontrada na leishmaniose difusa deve ser devida à apoptose dessas células que se segue à apresentação defeituosa de antígenos pelo antígeno do parasito.

Leishmania amazonensis is the main agent of diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis, a disease associated with anergic immune responses. In this study we show that the crude antigen of Leishmania amazonensis (LaAg) but not L. braziliensis promastigotes (LbAg) contains substances that suppress mitogenic and spontaneous proliferative responses of T cells. The suppressive substances in LaAg are thermoresistant (100ºC/1h) and partially dependent on protease activity. T cell anergy was not due to a decreased production of growth factors as it was not reverted by addition of exogenous IL-2, IL-4, IFN-gamma or IL-12. LaAg did not inhibit anti-CD3-induced T cell activation, suggesting that anergy was due to a defect in antigen presentation. It was also not due to cell necrosis, but was accompanied by expressive DNA fragmentation in lymph node cells, indicative of apoptosis. Although pre-incubation of macrophages with LaAg prevented their capacity to present antigens, this effect was not due to apoptosis of the former. These results suggest that the T cell anergy found in diffuse leishmaniasis may be the result of parasite antigen-driven apoptosis of those cells following defective antigen presentation.

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15.

Shallow-water Aplysina Nardo (Aplysinidae, Verongida, Demospongiae) from the São Sebastião Channel and its environs (Tropical southwestern Atlantic), with the description of a new species and a literature review of other brazilian records of the genus
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Pinheiro, Ulisses dos Santos

; Hajdu, Eduardo

Revista Brasileira de Zoologia

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jul 2001, Volume 18 Suppl. 1 Pages 143 - 160

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Two species of Aplysina Nardo, 1834 are described in this article, Aplysina caissara sp. n. and A. fulva (Pallas, 1766). Additionally, a possible third species was identified as A. aff. cauliformis. Collections were done in the São Sebastião Channel area as an ongoing effort to assess the poriferan biodiversity of the northern sector of the São Paulo State coastline. Specimens were collected by scuba diving, and descriptions of external morphology are based on the observation of populations alive, and on extensive underwater photography. A literature review of other brazilian records of Aplysina was undertaken, and an ammended species list is offered.

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