Abstract Food quality and safety have been a concern of the world population, especially in relation to the chemical and microbiological hazards present in food. The presence of antimicrobial residues at levels above the maximum residue limit makes milk unsuitable for human consumption. In this context, the objective of this study was to analyze 184 raw milk samples from the dairy region of Pernambuco state, in order to evaluate the presence of 31 antimicrobial residues from six different groups (β-lactam, sulfonamide, tetracycline, quinolone, fluoroquinolone and pyrimidine). The samples were collected from producers who supply the dairys with and no inspection service and the analyses were performed by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. In the qualitative analysis of multiresidues, no sample presented violation for the antimicrobials analyzed. In the quantitative analysis of β-lactams, only one sample of producers who supply milk to dairys with state inspection service presented a result above the maximum residue limit for cloxacillin (464 μg.L-1). It is concluded that raw milk produced in the dairy region of the state of Pernambuco has a low rate of violation of the values established by the current legislation for antimicrobial residues.

Antocianinas de acerolas, isoladas de 12 genótipos cultivados no Banco Ativo de Germoplasma da Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, foram testadas quanto à atividade antioxidante e à capacidade de sequestrar radicais livres através do sistema modelo β-caroteno/ácido linoleico e do radical livre 1,1-difenil-2-picrilhidrazila (DPPH), respectivamente. A atividade antioxidante das antocianinas, na concentração de 0,2 mg.mL-1, variou de 28,58 a 47,07%. A capacidade de sequestrar radical livre DPPH aumentou com a concentração e tempo de reação. Na concentração 16,7 μg.mL-1 e após 5 minutos e 2 horas de reação, o percentual variou de 36,97 a 63,92% e de 73,27 a 94,54%, respectivamente. Portanto, a capacidade antioxidante das antocianinas extraídas de acerola variou entre os genótipos e o método utilizado. As antocianinas presentes nesse fruto são uma fonte dietética de antioxidante e assim podem atuar na promoção da saúde e na prevenção de doenças.

Anthocyanins from 12 acerola genotypes cultivated at the Active Germplasm Bank at Federal Rural University of Pernambuco were isolated for antioxidant potential evaluation. The antioxidant activity and radical scavenging capacity of the anthocyanin isolates were measured according to the β-carotene bleaching method and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay, respectively. The antioxidant activity varied from 25.58 to 47.04% at 0.2 mg.mL-1, and it was measured using the β-carotene bleaching method. The free radical scavenging capacity increased according to the increase in concentration and reaction time by the DPPH assay. At 16.7 μg.mL-1 concentration and after 5 minutes and 2 hours reaction time, the percentage of scavenged radicals varied from 36.97 to 63.92% and 73.27 to 94.54%, respectively. Therefore, the antioxidant capacity of acerola anthocyanins varied amongst acerola genotypes and methods used. The anthocyanins present in this fruit may supply substantial dietary source of antioxidant which may promote health and produce disease prevention effects.

Neste estudo, realizou-se uma avaliação do risco ocupacional relacionado ao uso de xilol, ao qual estão expostos técnicos de oito laboratórios de citologia e anatomia patológica que atendem a população do Recife e de cidades do interior de Pernambuco. A coleta das informações deu-se por meio de questionários que podiam ser respondidos marcando-se alternativas de múltipla escolha. Deu-se destaque às informações decorrentes do uso do xilol relacionadas à saúde ocupacional e à percepção de risco na manipulação e no descarte dos rejeitos. Os resultados mostraram que a utilização de equipamentos de proteção individual e coletiva está sendo negligenciada. Dentre os entrevistados, 80% observaram mudanças na saúde após alguns anos de exposição ao xilol. Mesmo assim, apenas 6,6% deles fazem controle anual da presença de xilol no organismo pela dosagem de ácido metilhipúrico na urina. Constatou-se que 76,6% dos entrevistados descartam o resíduo diretamente na pia, pois não existe um local para descarte de rejeitos. Frente aos dados encontrados, sugere-se que há necessidade de educar o trabalhador numa visão prevencionista em relação aos riscos ocupacionais e ambientais provenientes do uso deste agente químico.

In this study a diagnosis of occupational exposure related to xylol use by technicians in cytology and anatomic pathology was carried out in eight laboratories which care for the population of Recife and towns in the interior of the state of Pernambuco. Data were obtained by multiple choice questionnaires. Emphasis was given to information concerning occupational health and perception of risk when using xylol and disposing waste. The results showed that personal and collective protection equipment have being neglected. Eighty percent of the people interviewed had noticed changes in health after they had been exposed to xylol for some years. However, only 6.6% of them went through annual evaluation to check the presence of xylene in their organisms, by methyl hippuric acid determination in urine. It was noticed that 76.6% of the people interviewed disposed waste directly into a sink, as there was not a proper place for waste disposal. Data showed the need for workers' training on a preventive view in relation to occupational and environmental risks.

As antocianinas, pigmentos responsáveis pela cor vermelha da acerola madura, foram extraídas e purificadas de 12 genótipos cultivados no Banco Ativo de Germoplasma da Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, com o objetivo de determinar a sua composição. As antocianinas e suas respectivas agliconas, obtidas pela hidrólise ácida, foram separadas por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (CLAE) usando uma coluna de fase reversa (C18). A identificação foi realizada pela ordem de eluição e pelos tempos de retenção dos padrões de referência e das antocianidinas obtidas por hidrólise ácida de uvas Isabel, Patrícia e Red Globe, ameixa, cebola roxa, morango e da casca de manga Tommy Atkins. Os cromatogramas obtidos demonstraram que o perfil antociânico dos genótipos de acerola é relativamente simples, apresentando de três a cinco picos comuns entre eles. Após hidrólise ácida foram obtidas somente duas agliconas identificadas como cianidina e pelargonidina. Comparando os cromatogramas das antocianinas e das antocianidinas e, avaliando os tempos de retenção, foi constatada a presença de antocianinas com diferentes graus de glicosilação e ausência de ácidos acilados em suas moléculas e que as agliconas identificadas, cianidina e pelargonidina, encontravam-se em diferentes proporções nos genótipos estudados.

The red color of mature acerola is due to the presence of anthocyanins. These pigments were extracted and purified from 12 genotypes cultivated at the Active Germoplasm Bank of the Rural Federal University of Pernambuco in order to determine their composition. The aglycon forms of the anthocyanins were revealed by acid hydrolysis. Anthocyanins and anthocyanidins were separated by using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using a C18 reversed phase analytical column. Anthocyanidins were identified by comparing HPLC elution order and retention times relative to authentic standards and to anthocyanidins obtained from acid hydrolysis of Isabel, Patrícia and Red Globe grapes, plum, red onion, strawberry and Tommy Atkins mango skin. The chromatograms showed that the acerola genotype anthocyanins profile is simple, showing three to five peaks, similar between them. After the acid hydrolysis, the chromatograms revealed the presence of two aglycons which were identified as cyanidin and pelargonidin. By comparing chromatograms of anthocyanins and anthocyanidins and analyzing the retention times, the presence of anthocyanins with different glycosylation patterns and the absence of acylation in their molecules could be clearly seen. The aglycons identified (cyanidin and pelargonidin) were found in different proportions in these acerola genotypes.