Resumo Fundamento O conhecimento sobre a própria doença pode ser importante para o autocuidado em pacientes com vários problemas e abrange a informação sobre o diagnóstico até as implicações clínicas mais importantes. Objetivo Identificar o nível de conhecimento de crianças e adolescentes com cardiopatia congênita (CC) sobre a sua doença, e analisar a relação entre o nível de conhecimento e a prática de atividade física. Métodos Estudo transversal com 335 pacientes com CC, de 8 a 13 anos, acompanhados em um serviço de cardiologia pediátrica de referência no Sul do Brasil. Os pacientes foram entrevistados em relação ao seu conhecimento sobre a CC e foi realizada revisão dos prontuários para obtenção de detalhes sobre a cardiopatia e os procedimentos. Foi utilizado o nível de significância p < 0,05. Resultados Mais de 50% das crianças e adolescentes não sabiam referir o nome de sua doença ou explicá-la. Após OR ajustado (ORaj), mostraram potencial para respostas incorretas ou não saber sua doença os pacientes cianóticos em relação aos acianóticos (ORaj: 2,29; IC95%: 1,76-6,71; p=0,019); crianças com menor nível de escolaridade (ORaj: 2,20; IC95%: 1,81-5,86; p=0,025); e não praticantes de atividade física (ORaj: 1,88; IC95%: 1,09-3,45; p=0,011). Conclusão As crianças e adolescentes cianóticos, com menor nível de escolaridade e que não praticavam de atividade física apresentaram pouco conhecimento sobre a sua doença. Há necessidade do desenvolvimento de estratégias de intervenções educativas para aumento do conhecimento e mudança comportamental na promoção da atividade física, de acordo com a complexidade da CC. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2020; 114(5):786-792)

Abstract Background Knowledge about the disease itself can be important for self-care in patients with several problems and comprehends information about the diagnosis up to the most important clinical implications. Objective To identify the level of knowledge of children and adolescents with congenital heart disease (CHD) about their illness, and to analyze the association between the level of knowledge and the practice of physical activity. Methods Cross-sectional study with 335 patients with CHD, aged 8 to 13 years, followed at a referral pediatric cardiology service in Southern Brazil. Patients were interviewed regarding their knowledge about CHD and a review of medical records was performed to obtain details on heart disease and procedures. A significance level p<0.05 was used. Results More than 50% of the children and adolescents did not know how to say the name of their disease or explain it. After adjusted OR (AOR), cyanotic patients in comparison to acyanotic ones (AOR: 2.29; 95%CI: 1.76-6.71; p = 0.019); children with lower level of schooling (AOR: 2.20; 95%CI: 1.81-5.86; p = 0.025); and those who did not practice physical activity (AOR: 1.88; 95%CI: 1.09-3.45; p = 0.011) showed potential for incorrect answers or did not know their disease. Conclusion Cyanotic children and adolescents, with a lower level of schooling and who did not practice physical activity, had little knowledge about their disease. It is necessary to develop educational intervention strategies to increase knowledge and change behavior in physical activity promotion, according to the CHD complexity. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2020; 114(5):786-792)

Objetivo: Avaliar as medidas ultrassonográficas da gordura visceral e subcutânea em crianças e testar se a gordura pré-peritoneal (GPP) e o índice de gordura da parede abdominal (IGPA) são parâmetros úteis para determinar a gordura visceral e a presença de doença hepática gordurosa não alcoólica (DHGNA) em crianças obesas. Materiais e Métodos: Estudo tipo caso-controle, com uma amostra de 44 crianças, sendo 22 casos e 22 controles, pareados conforme sexo e idade. Os resultados foram analisados de forma descritiva e bivariada, com teste t de Student e teste exato de Fischer. Resultados: Os parâmetros ultrassonográficos avaliados - tecido celular subcutâneo, GPP e gorduras intraperitoneais, e DHGNA - obtiveram elevada associação estatística com o índice de massa corpórea. A DHGNA foi observada em oito pacientes obesos (36,36%), sendo que a GPP e o IGPA foram as variáveis com maior significância estatística, com valor de p < 0,0001. Conclusão: A ultrassonografia permite diferenciar e quantificar a gordura visceral e subcutânea nas crianças. As medidas da GPP e do IGPA são úteis para a avaliação da gordura visceral e DHGNA em crianças obesas.

Objective: To evaluate sonographic measurements of visceral and subcutaneous fat in children, and to investigate the usefulness of preperitoneal fat (PF) and the abdominal wall fat index (AFI) as parameters to determine visceral fat and presence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in obese children. Materials and Methods: A case-control study of a sample including 44 children (22 cases and 22 controls) matched by sex and age. The Student t test and the Fisher exact test were utilized in the descriptive and bivariate analysis. Results: The sonographic parameters evaluated - subcutaneous cell tissue, PF and intraperitoneal fat, and NAFLD - presented high statistical association with body mass index. NAFLD was observed in eight obese patients (36.36%), and PF and AFI were the variables with highest statistical significance, with p < 0.0001. Conclusion: Ultrasonography is useful tool in the differentiation and quantification of visceral and subcutaneous fat in children. The measures of PF and AFI are useful in the assessment of visceral fat and NAFLD in obese children.

This study investigated what motivates Brazilian academic researchers to get involved in University-Industry Technology Transfer (UITT) and deterrents to contributing to this process. The research relied on interviews with experienced academic scientists and managers from four universities in Brazil. Determination, persistence and entrepreneurship, related to motivational types Self-direction and Stimulation, were prominent. Hedonism, Achievement and Power - highlighting a shift in their professional identity - were also observed. Universalism type involved opening career opportunities, awakening and maintaining the interest of students. The major motivational goals were: generate resources, solve problems, professional challenge, personal gains, personal gratification, academic prestige, competition, and solving problems of society. Factors that discouraged researchers were: time required for UITT, lack of incentive, innovation environment, and fear of contravening university rules, among others. Knowledge of motivational profiles of academic scientists favors the development of incentive policies and programs for UITT, helping to attract and retain qualified researchers at Brazilian universities.

This case study researched organizational factors that affect the university-industry technology transfer (UITT) processes of a private university, chosen by its success and uniqueness in the Brazilian context. Stood out as factors: innovation among pillars of management; valuing of research and intellectual property; qualified students, teachers and managers; multidisciplinary research groups; stability of governing body; performance of the TTO, Technology Management Agency and Technology Park. Difficulties highlighted were: reconciliation of time between activities of professors-researchers, bureaucracy and centralization of administrative and legal support; valuation of research results; approach and negotiation with companies. Among suggestions are: granting greater independence to the structures in charge of UITT and making them self-sustainable; training agents in technology marketing, sale, and negotiation skills.

Poucos estudos abordam a transferência de tecnologia universidade-empresa (TTUE) em países em desenvolvimento (Póvoa & Rapini, 2010), sobretudo, no Brasil, em universidades privadas (Closs & Ferreira, 2010). Este trabalho, nesse sentido, busca identificar e analisar intervenientes em processos envolvendo patentes acadêmicas, investigando pesquisadores e a gestora do Escritório de Transferência de Tecnologia (ETT), no estudo do caso da PUCRS. Muitos dos intervenientes assemelharam-se aos identificados por outros estudos nacionais e internacionais. Entre os motivadores que se destacaram estão os desafios científicos e a competição para produzir patentes. O ambiente de inovação foi favorecido por políticas institucionais e o acesso à informação, estruturas de laboratórios, equipes qualificadas e grupos de pesquisa multidisciplinares viabilizaram a geração de inventos. A existência do parque tecnológico na universidade facilitou a disseminação do conhecimento tácito entre a universidade e empresas. A dificuldade para conciliar pesquisa, patenteamento e docência requer atenção, pois os pesquisadores foram essenciais para o sucesso na comercialização de tecnologias acadêmicas. Sugere-se, desse modo, a criação de políticas que possibilitem mais tempo aos pesquisadores para a atuarem na Transferência de Tecnologia Universidade-Empresa (TTUE) e o desenvolvimento de suas habilidades relacionais e comerciais.

Few studies have addressed the university-industry technology transfer (UITT) process in developing countries (Póvoa & Rapini, 2010); especially, in Brazilian private universities (Closs & Ferreira, 2010). This paper seeks to identify and analyze elements in processes involving academic patents through a case study investigating researchers and the TTO manager of PUCRS. Many results were similar to those identified by other national and international studies. Among the drivers that stand out are scientific challenges and competition to produce patents. An innovative environment was favored by institutional policies. Access to information structures, laboratories, skilled staff and multidisciplinary research groups favored invention. The existence of the technology park in the university also facilitated the dissemination of tacit knowledge between universities and companies. Reconciling research, teaching, and patenting with each other is an issue that requires special attention, because researchers were essential to successful commercialization of academic technology. We suggest the creation of policies which allow researchers more time for UITT and developing their interpersonal and commercial skills.