Resumo Objetivo Avaliar o grau de correlação/concordância dos parâmetros Doppler materno-fetal entre fetos normais e com restrição do crescimento (restrição de crescimento fetal [RCF]). Métodos O presente estudo observacional e retrospectivo incluiu 274 gestações únicas. Os seguintes parâmetros Doppler materno-fetal foram avaliados: artéria uterina (AUt), artéria umbilical (AU), artéria cerebral média (ACM), razão cérebroplacentária (RCP) e razão umbilical-cerebral (U/C). A avaliação da RCF baseou-se nos critérios de Figueiras e Gratacós.9 Os coeficientes de correlação de Spearman foram estimados para avaliar a correlação entre os índices de resistência (IR) e pulsatilidade (IP) dos parâmetros Doppler. A concordância entre dois parâmetros do Doppler foi avaliada pelo coeficiente Kappa. Resultados No total, 502 exames Doppler foram incluídos e RCF foi observado em 19 de 274 fetos. Observou-se forte correlação entre IR e IP da AUt, AU e ACM em todas as amostras (p<0,001). Dos 502 exames Doppler, houve concordância entre os percentis U/C e RCP para 480 (95,6%) e discordância para 22 (4,4%), com coeficiente Kappa de 0,26, correspondendo a concordância fraca. Dos 68 casos com peso fetal estimado≤9° (pequeno para a idade gestacional [PIG]), houve concordância entre U/C>1,0 e RCp<5o percentil em 61 (88,4%) e discordância em 7 (5,8%) com coeficiente Kappa de 0,49, correspondendo a concordância moderada. Conclusão Forte correlação foi observada entre o IR e IP dos exames Doppler AUt, AU e ACM no presente estudo; entretanto, fraca concordância foi observada entre U/C e RCP em fetos normais e com RCF. Nos PIG, U/C e RCP demonstraram concordânciamoderada.

Abstract Objective To assess the degree of correlation/agreement of maternal-fetal Doppler parameters between normal and growth-restricted fetuses (fetal growth restriction [FGR]). Methods The present observational and retrospective study included 274 singleton pregnancies. The following maternal-fetal Doppler parameters were assessed: uterine artery (UAt), umbilical artery (UA), middle cerebral artery (MCA), cerebroplacental ratio (CPR), and umbilical-cerebral ratio (U/C). The assessment of FGR was based on the Figueiras and Gratacós9 criteria. Spearman correlation coefficients were estimated to assess the correlation between resistance (RI) and pulsatility (PI) indices of Doppler parameters. The agreement between two Doppler parameters was assessed by the Kappa coefficient. Results In total, 502 Doppler examinations were included, and FGR was observed in 19 out of 274 fetuses. A strong correlation was observed between RI and PI of UAt, UA, and MCA in all of the samples (p<0.001). Of the 502 Doppler examinations, there was agreement between U/C and CPR percentiles for 480 (95.6%) and disagreement for 22 (4.4%), with Kappa coefficient of 0.26, thereby corresponding to weak agreement. Of the 68 cases with estimated fetal weight ≤ 9th percentile (small for gestational age [SGA]), there was agreement between U/C>1.0 and CPR<5th percentile in 61 (88.4%) and disagreement in 7 (5.8%) with Kappa coefficient of 0.49, thereby corresponding to moderate agreement. Conclusion Strong correlation was observed among RI and PI UAt, UA, and MCA Doppler examinations in the present study; however, weak agreement was observed between U/C and CPR in the normal and FGR fetuses. In SGA, U/C and CPR demonstrated moderate agreement.

This work investigated the effects of co-occurring aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and microcystin (MC) in aquaculture, using immunohistochemistry and genotoxicity methods. Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) were exposed to AFB1 by intraperitoneal and MC (cell extract of Microcystis aeruginosa) by intraperitoneal and immersion routes. The interaction of MC-AFB1 was evaluated co-exposing the intraperitoneal doses. Blood samples were collected after 8, 24, and 48h to analyze the micronucleus frequency and comet score. The interaction of MC-AFB1 showed a synergic mutagenic response by higher micronucleus frequency of co-exposed group. A slight genotoxic synergism was also observed in the comet score. Immunohistochemistry detected MC in al lthe fish liver tissues exposed to MC by intraperitoneal route, and only the immersed group with the highest dose of MC showed a positive response. Although MC was non-detectable in the edible muscle, the combination of immunohistochemistry with genotoxicity assay was an attractive biomonitoring tool in aquaculture, where the animals were frequently exposed to co-occurring synergic hazards.

INTRODUCTION: Urogenital neoplasias frequently progress with obstructive uropathy due to local spreading or pelvic metastases. The urinary obstruction must be immediately relieved in order to avoid deterioration in these patients. The percutaneous nephrostomy is a safe and effective method for relief the obstruction; however the indications of such procedures have been questioned in patients with poor prognosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective study was performed with 43 patients (29 female and 14 male) with urogenital neoplasias who were undergoing percutaneous nephrostomy during a 54-month period. The median age was 52 years. The primary tumoral site was the uterine cervix in 53.5% of patients, the bladder in 23.3%, the prostate in 11.6% and other sites in 11.6%. RESULTS: Postoperative complications occurred in 42.3% of the patients. There was no procedure-related mortality. Thirty-nine per cent of the patients died during the hospitalization period due to advanced neoplasia. The mortality rate was higher in patients with prostate cancer (p = 0.006), in patients over 52 years of age (p = 0.03) and in those who required hemodialysis before the procedure (p = 0.02). Thirty-two per cent of the patients survived long enough to undergo some form of treatment focused on the primary tumor. The survival rate was 40% at 6 months and 24.2% at 12 months. The percentage of the lifetime spent in hospitalization was 17.7%. The survival rate was higher in patients with neoplasia of the uterine cervix (p = 0.007) and in patients with 52 years of age or less (p = 0.008). CONCLUSION: Morbidity was high in this patient group; however, the majority of patients could be discharged from hospital and followed at home. Patients under 52 years of age and patients with neoplasia of the uterine cervix benefited most from the percutaneous nephrostomy when compared to patients with hormone therapy-refractory prostate cancer, bladder cancer or over 52 years of age.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the incidence of bladder carcinoma infiltrating the prostate and prostate adenocarcinoma in patients undergoing radical cystoprostatectomy due to bladder cancer, as well as to assess if the characteristics of the bladder neoplasia influence the prostatic involvement by this neoplasia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively assessed 60 male patients, who underwent radical cystoprostatectomy between July 1997 and December 2003. Mean age was 66.7 years (40 and 93 years). The product of radical cystoprostatectomies was checked for involvement of urethra and prostate parenchyma by the primary neoplasia, and for the presence of associated prostate adenocarcinoma. Bladder neoplasia characteristics, such as localization, size, multifocality, association with in situ carcinoma and histological grade, were studied in order to assess the possibility of using such characteristics as predictive factors of prostate infiltration by bladder urothelial carcinoma. RESULTS: We observed the presence of 20% of patients with bladder carcinoma infiltrating the prostatic urethra, 23.3% of patients with infiltration of the prostate parenchyma and 28.3% of patients with associate prostate adenocarcinoma, resulting in a total of 55% of patients with prostatic involvement (infiltrative bladder carcinoma and/or adenocarcinoma). We also observed a statistically significant correlation between tumor location in the trigone, the presence of in situ carcinoma and the histological grade of the bladder tumor with prostatic infiltration by the vesical neoplasia. CONCLUSION: The coexistence of prostatic neoplasia in patients operated for bladder neoplasia was frequent in our sample (55%). We observed that the prostatic infiltration by bladder tumors occurs more frequently with tumors located in the trigone, with associated in situ carcinoma and with high histological grade. There was no correlation between neoplastic infiltration of prostate and multifocality or size of the bladder tumor in the studied sample.

OBJETIVO: A elevada utilização de agrotóxicos, sem os cuidados necessários, tem contribuído para a degradação ambiental e o aumento das intoxicações ocupacionais, sendo um dos principais problemas de saúde pública no meio rural brasileiro. O objetivo do trabalho é avaliar a exposição de um grupo de trabalhadores da área rural do Estado do Rio de Janeiro a agrotóxicos anticolinesterásicos, através das atividades da acetilcolinesterase eritrocitária (AChE) e da butirilcolinesterase plasmática (BChE), e o impacto de alguns indicadores socioeconômicos e de utilização de agrotóxicos sobre a contaminação humana. MÉTODOS: Para a avaliação da exposição de 300 agricultores residentes em cinco comunidades do distrito de Magé, RJ, uma amostra aleatória de 55 trabalhadores foi selecionada e determinadas as atividades individuais de acetilcolinesterase eritrocitártia (AChE) e butirilcolinesterase plasmática (BChE). As atividades enzimáticas foram avaliadas segundo o método de Ellman modificado por Oliveira-Silva. Dados socioeconômicos e de utilização de agrotóxicos para cada trabalhador da amostra foram obtidos em entrevista estruturada. O possível papel dos indicadores socioeconômicos e de uso de agrotóxicos sobre o nível de contaminação dos trabalhadores foi estimado por análise de regressão linear múltipla, utilizando-se a atividade enzimática como variável dependente e os indicadores socioeconômicos e de uso de agrotóxicos como variáveis independentes. RESULTADOS E CONCLUSÕES: Os dados obtidos mostraram resultados distintos em relação à incidência da exposição excessiva, de acordo com o indicador enzimático utilizado. No grupo de trabalhadores, 3,6% (2) foram identificados pelos resultados de BChE e 41,8% (23) pela AChE, sendo considerados intoxicados indivíduos com pelo menos um dos indicadores positivos. A avaliação desses dados frente aos indicadores socioeconômicos e de utilização de agrotóxicos, destaca a importância do nível de escolaridade sobre a prevalência das intoxicações. Para os demais determinantes estudados, nenhuma correlação significativa foi tão evidente.

OBJECTIVE: The indiscriminate use of pesticides has been contributing for the environmental quality degradation, as well as it increases the occupational exposures to these products, determining a serious public health problem in rural areas. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the exposures of rural workers of Rio de Janeiro State to anticholinesterasic pesticides, through the analyses of the acetylcholinesterase from red cells (AChE) and plasmatic butyrilcholinesterase (BChE) levels. Social-economic factors, such as the educational level of these workers, can strongly influence this situation, reason why the impact of some social-economic indicators and practices of pesticides' use in the human contamination status for rural areas were also evaluated. METHODS: The evaluation of rural workers exposure to pesticides was performed to a random sample of 55 workers among the 300 inhabitants of the study area -- five communities of Magé county, RJ. The AChE and BChE activities were determined to these workers. The enzymatic activities were evaluated according to the Ellman's method modified by Oliveira-Silva. Social-economic and pesticides use data were collected by a structured interview. The possible role of social-economic and pesticide use indicators as determinants of the worker's contamination was estimated by multivariate statistic techniques, using the enzymatic activity as the dependent variable and the social-economics pesticides use indicators as independent variables. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The data showed distinct results concerning the incidence of excessive exposure, according to the enzymatic indicator used. In the studied sample, a result of 3.0 % was found for the BChE values, and 41.8 %, according to AChE. Individuals with at least one positive enzymatic indicator result were considered as "intoxicated". When these data were compared to the social-economic and pesticides use factors, it was showed the importance of educational level in the prevalence of intoxication. The others indicators studied did not showed any significant and evident correlation.

OBJETIVO: A elevada utilização de agrotóxicos, sem os cuidados necessários, tem contribuído para a degradação ambiental e o aumento das intoxicações ocupacionais, sendo um dos principais problemas de saúde pública no meio rural brasileiro. O objetivo do trabalho é avaliar a exposição de um grupo de trabalhadores da área rural do Estado do Rio de Janeiro a agrotóxicos anticolinesterásicos, através das atividades da acetilcolinesterase eritrocitária (AChE) e da butirilcolinesterase plasmática (BChE), e o impacto de alguns indicadores socioeconômicos e de utilização de agrotóxicos sobre a contaminação humana. MÉTODOS: Para a avaliação da exposição de 300 agricultores residentes em cinco comunidades do distrito de Magé, RJ, uma amostra aleatória de 55 trabalhadores foi selecionada e determinadas as atividades individuais de acetilcolinesterase eritrocitártia (AChE) e butirilcolinesterase plasmática (BChE). As atividades enzimáticas foram avaliadas segundo o método de Ellman modificado por Oliveira-Silva. Dados socioeconômicos e de utilização de agrotóxicos para cada trabalhador da amostra foram obtidos em entrevista estruturada. O possível papel dos indicadores socioeconômicos e de uso de agrotóxicos sobre o nível de contaminação dos trabalhadores foi estimado por análise de regressão linear múltipla, utilizando-se a atividade enzimática como variável dependente e os indicadores socioeconômicos e de uso de agrotóxicos como variáveis independentes. RESULTADOS E CONCLUSÕES: Os dados obtidos mostraram resultados distintos em relação à incidência da exposição excessiva, de acordo com o indicador enzimático utilizado. No grupo de trabalhadores, 3,6% (2) foram identificados pelos resultados de BChE e 41,8% (23) pela AChE, sendo considerados intoxicados indivíduos com pelo menos um dos indicadores positivos. A avaliação desses dados frente aos indicadores socioeconômicos e de utilização de agrotóxicos, destaca a importância do nível de escolaridade sobre a prevalência das intoxicações. Para os demais determinantes estudados, nenhuma correlação significativa foi tão evidente.

OBJECTIVE: The indiscriminate use of pesticides has been contributing for the environmental quality degradation, as well as it increases the occupational exposures to these products, determining a serious public health problem in rural areas. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the exposures of rural workers of Rio de Janeiro State to anticholinesterasic pesticides, through the analyses of the acetylcholinesterase from red cells (AChE) and plasmatic butyrilcholinesterase (BChE) levels. Social-economic factors, such as the educational level of these workers, can strongly influence this situation, reason why the impact of some social-economic indicators and practices of pesticides' use in the human contamination status for rural areas were also evaluated. METHODS: The evaluation of rural workers exposure to pesticides was performed to a random sample of 55 workers among the 300 inhabitants of the study area -- five communities of Magé county, RJ. The AChE and BChE activities were determined to these workers. The enzymatic activities were evaluated according to the Ellman's method modified by Oliveira-Silva. Social-economic and pesticides use data were collected by a structured interview. The possible role of social-economic and pesticide use indicators as determinants of the worker's contamination was estimated by multivariate statistic techniques, using the enzymatic activity as the dependent variable and the social-economics pesticides use indicators as independent variables. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The data showed distinct results concerning the incidence of excessive exposure, according to the enzymatic indicator used. In the studied sample, a result of 3.0 % was found for the BChE values, and 41.8 %, according to AChE. Individuals with at least one positive enzymatic indicator result were considered as "intoxicated". When these data were compared to the social-economic and pesticides use factors, it was showed the importance of educational level in the prevalence of intoxication. The others indicators studied did not showed any significant and evident correlation.