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There is a high demand for stroke rehabilitation in the Brazilian public health system, but most studies that have addressed rehabilitation for unilateral spatial neglect (USN) after stroke have been performed in high-income countries. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze USN patient recruitment in a multicenter noninvasive brain stimulation clinical trial performed in Brazil and to provide study design recommendations for future studies. We evaluated the reasons for exclusion of patients from a multicenter, randomized, double-blinded clinical trial of rehabilitation of USN patients after stroke. Clinical and demographic variables were compared between the included and excluded patients. A descriptive statistical analysis was performed. Only 173 of the 1953 potential neglect patients (8.8%) passed the initial screening. After screening evaluation, 87/173 patients (50.3%) were excluded for clinical reasons. Cognitive impairment led to the exclusion of 21/87 patients (24.1%). Low socioeconomic status led to the exclusion of 37/173 patients (21.4%). Difficulty obtaining transportation to access treatment was the most common reason for their exclusion (16/37 patients, 43.3%). The analyzed Brazilian institutions have potential for conducting studies of USN. The recruitment of stroke survivors with USN was restricted by the study design and limited financial support. A history of cognitive impairment, intracranial stenting or craniectomy, and lack of transportation were the most common barriers to participating in a multicenter noninvasive brain stimulation trial among patients with USN after stroke.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1414-431x2023e12326

Probiotic supplementation affects IGF-1 and leptin levels in Nile tilapia hepatopancreatic tissue
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Pacheco, R.S.

; Ferro, P.H.S.

; Pereira, M.O.

; Jesus, G.F.A.

; Borges, Y.V.

; Jatobá, A.

; Moreira, F.

; Schleder, D.D.

Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia

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oct 2021, Volume 73 N. 5 Pages 1217 - 1224

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito da cepa probiótica Lactobacillus plantarum sobre os níveis de leptina, IGF-1 e seus receptores no tecido hepatopancreático de tilápia-do-nilo (Oreochromis niloticus) e correlacionar com o desempenho zootécnico e os parâmetros microbiológicos intestinais dos peixes. Juvenis de tilápia-do-nilo (±23g) foram distribuídos em seis tanques de polietileno (45L) conectados a um sistema de recirculação, com aeração e temperatura constantes (25°C). Os peixes foram alimentados duas vezes ao dia, a 5% da biomassa do tanque, com as respectivas dietas: controle (dieta comercial sem probiótico) e suplementada com L. plantarum (1 x 108 UFC mL-1), ambas em triplicata. Após 30 dias de cultivo, os peixes alimentados com L. plantarum apresentaram maiores ganho de peso semanal, peso final e conversão alimentar, bem como maior contagem de bactérias ácido-láticas e menor contagem de bactérias patogênicas no trato intestinal das tilápias alimentadas com dieta probiótica, em comparação ao grupo controle. A intensidade da imunomarcação para os hormônios IGF-1 e leptina foi menor com a suplementação de L. plantarum do que no grupo controle, sem alterar os níveis de seus receptores. Essa redução pode implicar mudanças importantes no metabolismo e na homeostase dos peixes.

ABSTRACT This work aimed to assess the effect of the probiotic strain, Lactobacillus plantarum, on the levels of leptin, IGF-1 and their receptors on the hepatopancreatic tissues of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and then correlate fish growth performance and gut microbiological parameters. Fish juveniles (±23g) were reared in a recirculation system with constant aeration and temperature (25°C). They were distributed into six polyethylene tanks (45L) and fed twice a day at 5% of the tank biomass with the respective diets: control (commercial diet without probiotic) and supplemented with L. plantarum inoculum (1 x 108 CFU mL-1), both in triplicate. After 30 days of feeding, L. plantarum-fed fishes showed greater weekly growth rate, final weight, and feed conversion rate, in addition to higher count of lactic-acid bacteria and lower count of pathogenic bacteria in the intestinal tract, when compared to the control group. The immunostaining intensity for IGF-1 and leptin hormones was lower after L. plantarum supplementation than in the control group, with no change in the level for receptors. This reduction could implicate important changes in fish metabolism and homeostasis.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-12339 40 downloads

Proteomics characterization of Staphylococcus spp. from goat mastitis and phenogeno-typical assessment of resistance to beta-lactamics
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Pereira, Camila S.

; Santos, Lídia M.M.

; Machado, Leandro S.

; Melo, Dayanne A.

; Coelho, Shana M.O.

; Pereira, Virginia L.A.

; Souza, Miliane M.S.

; Nascimento, Elmiro R.

Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira

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2021, Volume 41 elocation e06129

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO: A mastite ocupa lugar de destaque entre as doenças que acometem o rebanho leiteiro, em virtude de problemas econômicos e de saúde pública. Staphylococcus spp. são os agentes infecciosos mais envolvidos na etiologia das mastites caprinas, principalmente Staphylococcus coagulase negativo. Dezenove isolados de Staphylococcus spp. foram obtidos a partir de mastite caprina subclínica. Todos os isolados foram caracterizados por MALDI-TOF MS, sendo 47,36% (9/19) identificadas como S. epidermidis, 15,78%(3/19) como S. warneri, 10,52% (2/19) como S. caprae e S. aureus e 5,26% (1/19) tanto para S. lugdunensis, como para S. simulans e S. cohnii. Todos os isolados caracterizados pelo MALDI-TOF foram submetidos a reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) para o gene 16rRNA de Staphylococcus spp. para a confirmação do gênero. Após a determinação da espécie, foram realizadas as provas para a detecção fenotípica de resistência aos beta-lactâmicos: difusão em disco simples de oxacilina, cefoxitina, penicilina G e amoxacilina +ácido clavulânico, ágar “screen” de oxacilina e microdiluição em caldo (MIC) de cefoxitina. O teste de difusão em disco demonstrou resistência de 58% (11/19) para penicilina G, 26,31% (5/19) para cefoxitina e 26,31% (5/19) para oxacilina. Todas as amostras foram sensíveis a amoxicilina + ácido clavulânico e ao ágar “screen” de oxacilina. Pelo MIC, 63,15% (12/19) das amostras foram resistentes a cefoxitina (MIC >4,0μg/ml). Em seguida os isolados foram submetidos a detecção dos genes de resistência mecA e seus reguladores (mecl e mecRI), mecC e blaZ. Duas amostras de S. epidermidis apresentaram o gene mecA. Todos os isolados foram negativos para a variante do gene mecA, mecl, mecRI, mecC e blaZ. Tais achados reforçam a importância deste grupo de microrganismos na etiologia da mastite subclínica em caprinos e abre perspectivas para futuras pesquisas para a investigação da epidemiologia da doença.

ABSTRACT: Mastitis occupies a prominent place among the diseases that affect dairy herds due to economic problems and public health. Staphylococcus spp. are infectious agents more involved in the etiology of caprine mastites, especially coagulase-negative Staphylococcus. Nineteen isolates of Staphylococcus spp. were obtained from subclinical caprine mastitis. All isolates were characterized by MALDI-TOF MS, being 47.36% (9/19) identified for S. epidermidis, 15.78% (3/19) for S. warneri, 10.52% (2/19) for S. aureus and S. caprae and 5.26% (1/19) for S. lugdunensis, S. simulans, and S. cohnii. All isolates characterized by MALDI-TOF were subjected a to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the 16S rRNA gene of Staphylococcus spp. to confirm the gender. After determining the species, tests for phenotypic detection of resistance to beta-lactams were carried out simple disk diffusion oxacillin, cefoxitin, penicillin G and amoxicillin + clavulanic acid, agar “screen” oxacillin and microdilution (MIC) cefoxitin. The disk diffusion test showed a strength of 58% (11/19) for penicillin G, 26.31% (5/19) for cefoxitin and 26.31% (5/19) for oxacillin. All strains were susceptible to amoxicillin + clavulanic acid and agar “screen” oxacillin. In the MIC, 63.15% (12/19) of the samples were cefoxitin resistant (MIC >4.0μg/ml). Then isolates were subjected to detection of the mecA resistance genes and regulators (mecl and mecRI), mecC and blaZ. Two samples of Staphylococcus epidermidis had the mecA gene. All isolates were negative for the mecA gene variant, mecl, mecRI, mecC and blaZ. These findings reinforce the importance of this group of microorganisms in the etiology of subclinical mastitis in goats and open perspectives for future research to investigate the epidemiology of the disease.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-6129 409 downloads

Sex disparities determined by biometric and hematological measurements in Astyanax bimaculatus
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Pereira, M.O.

; Preto, A.L.

; Moraes, A.V.

; Bittencourt, M.F.

; Hess, J.D.

; Andrade, J.I.A.

; Jatobá, A.

Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia

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dec 2020, Volume 72 N. 6 Pages 2186 - 2192

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar os índices corporais e as características hematológicas entre machos e fêmeas de Astyanax bimaculatus. Quatrocentos peixes foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em quatro caixas de polietileno (100 peixes/unidade), em sistema de recirculação, e alimentados quatro vezes ao dia (3% da biomassa). Após 90 dias, 10 peixes (cinco ♀ e cinco ♂) foram retirados para realização das análises sanguíneas e para mensuração do peso, da altura, do comprimento total, da relação altura/comprimento, do fator de condição e da determinação dos índices: viscerossomático (IVS), hepatossomático (IHS) e gonadossomático (IGS). Os resultados mostraram um maior peso médio (g) nas fêmeas (12,32±0,71) em relação aos machos (6,98±0,75); o mesmo aconteceu para altura (cm) = (3,01± 0,07) e (2,40± 0,05), comprimento total (cm) = (3,01±0,07) e (2,40±0,05), IVS (%) = (11,43±0,81) e (3,55±1,05), IHS (%) = (0,72±0,08) e (0,30±0,04), respectivamente. Hemoglobina corpuscular média (pg) foi maior nas fêmeas (3,72±1,20) que nos machos (2,99±1,51). Em relação ao número de trombócitos (103/µL), houve um aumento nos machos (25,71± 3,91) em relação às fêmeas (17,40±6,40).

ABSTRACT This study aimed to compare the body indexes and hematological characteristics between Astyanax bimaculatus males and females. Four hundred fish were randomly distributed into four polyethylene tanks (100 fish/unit) in a recirculation system and fed four times a day (3% of biomass). After 90 days, ten fish (five ♀ and five ♂) were removed to perform blood tests and to measure weight, height, total length, height/length ratio, condition factor and index determination: vicerosomatic (VSI), hepatosomatic (HSI), and gonadosomatic (GSI). The results showed a higher average weight (g) in females (12.32±0.71) compared to males (6.98±0.75), the same happened to height (cm) = (3.01±0.07) and (2.40±0.05), total length (cm) = (3.01±0.07) and (2.40±0.05), VSI (%) = (11.43±0.81) and (3.55±1.05), HSI (%) = (0.72±0.08) and (0.30±0.04), respectively. Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (pg) was higher in females (3.72±1.20) than in males (2.99±1.51). Regarding the number of thrombocytes (103.µL-1), there was an increase in males (25.71±3.91) compared to females (17.40±6.40).

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-11994 520 downloads

Embryonic loss, abortion, and malformations in ewes caused by the ingestion of hay leaves of Cenostigma pyramidale
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Reis, Suélen D.S.

; Macêdo, Juliana T.S.A.

; Pereira, Ariana L.

; Jesus, Rubens S.

; Pimentel, Luciano A.

; Pivato, Ivo

; Peixoto, Tiago C.

; Pedroso, Pedro M.O.

Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira

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oct 2020, Volume 40 N. 10 Pages 750 - 757

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO: Para determinar se falhas reprodutivas em ovelhas na região semiárida da Bahia estão relacionadas ao consumo de Cenostigma pyramidale (Tul.) Gagnon & G.P. Lewis, foi realizado um estudo utilizando-se ovelhas prenhes divididas em seis grupos e dois Grupos Controle. Os grupos G1, G2, G3 e G4 com seis animais cada. Cada grupo recebeu folhas fenadas na proporção de 1%, 2%, 0,5% e 0,25% do peso vivo (PV) respectivamente; G5 e G6, com 10 animais cada, que receberam 0,25% e 0,5% do PV respectivamente. Os Grupos Controle foram alimentados com ração e capim (Cynodon dactylon). Ovelhas dos grupos 1 a 4 iniciaram ingestão da planta quatro dias após monta natural com término aos 80 dias de gestação, enquanto as dos grupos 5 a 6 iniciaram ingestão no 26º dia de gestação com término aos 98 dias. Avaliação ultrassonográfica foi realizada semanalmente. Nos animais do G1 (1%), verificou-se perda embrionária aos 32 e 39 dias de gestação, e aborto aos 46 dias. Nos do G2 (2%) a perda embrionária foi mais precoce (26 dias), e aborto aos 46 dias. No G3 (0,5%), houve perda embrionária em torno dos 40 dias. No G4 (0,25%), verificou-se ocorrência de natimorto com malformações aos 150 dias de gestação. No G6 (0,5%) o aborto ocorreu mais tardiamente (108 dias), seguido de retenção de placenta. Essa ocorrência também foi verificada no G5 (0,25%). A presença de malformação fetal foi encontrada em fetos natimorto do G4, nascidos vivos do G5 e G6, e um abortado do G6. No G5 e G6 também foram observadas alterações de aprumos em cordeiros sobreviventes. Do Grupo Controle nasceram 13 borregos normais, porém uma ovelha apresentou gestação quádrupla com três natimortos. Os resultados inferem que C. pyramidale fenada em baixas doses causa perdas reprodutivas em ovelhas gestantes, não sendo por isso recomendada para a dieta de ovelhas durante os primeiros 60 dias de gestação.

ABSTRACT: Determining if reproductive failures in ewes at the semiarid region in the state of Bahia are related to the consumption of the species Cenostigma pyramidale (Tul.) Gagnon & G.P. Lewis, and this study was developed using pregnant ewes divided into six groups: G1, G2, G3, G4 with six animals each, G5 and G6 with ten animals. Each group received fence leaves in the proportion of 1%, 2%, 0.5%, and 0.25% of live weight (LW) respectively; G5 and G6, with ten animals each, receiving 0.25% and 0.5% of the LW, respectively, and the Control Group, comprising 16 ewes, were grass feeding (Cynodon dactylon). Ewes from G1 to G4 were the same, except for two, and started ingestion of the plant four days after ending of natural mating on the 80th day of gestation, while those regarding from G5 to G6 groups started ingestion on the 26th day of gestation ending on the 98 day. The ultrasonographic test was performed weekly. In G1 ewes (1%), there was an embryonic loss on the 32nd and 39th days of gestation and abortion on the 46th day. In G2 (2%), the embryo loss was earlier (on the 26th day of gestation), and abortion on the 46th day of gestation. In G3 group (0.5%), there was an embryonic loss around the 40th day of gestation. In G4 group (0.25%), it was observed the occurrence of one death lamb with bone malformations. In G6 (0.5%), abortion occurred later (108 days), followed by retained placenta. This was also verified in G5 group (0.25%). The presence of fetal malformation was found in death lambs born in G4 group, born alive from G5 and G6 groups, and one aborted from G6. In G5 and G6 groups, there were also genetic alterations on surviving lambs. In addition to these results, recurrent estrus was observed without gestation in G1, G2, G3, and G4 ewes. From the Control Group, 13 normal lambs were born without genetic alterations; furthermore, concerning a quadruple birth, three lambs were born dead. The results infer that species of C. pyramidale in low doses causes reproductive losses in pregnant ewes, therefore it is not recommended for sheep diet over the first 60 days of gestation.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-6595 453 downloads

Supplementation of Curcuma longa hydrolate improves immunomodulatory response in Nile tilapia reared in a recirculation aquaculture system
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Pereira, M.O.

; Moraes, A.V.

; Rodhermel, J.C.B.

; Hess, J.D.

; Alves, L.

; Chaaban, A.

; Jatobá, A.

Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia

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sep 2020, Volume 72 N. 5 Pages 1805 - 1812

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos da suplementação dietética com diferentes doses de hidrolato de Curcuma longa nos parâmetros hematológicos, imunológicos e zootécnicos da tilápia-do-nilo cultivada em sistema de recirculação. Utilizou-se tilápia- do-nilo (Oreochromis niloticus), distribuída em 16 caixas de polietileno, divididas em quatro tratamentos: 0,0%; 2,5%7,5% e 10,0% de hidrolato de Curcuma longa, em quadruplicata. Após 45 dias de tratamento, quatro peixes por unidade experimental foram anestesiados para remover uma alíquota sanguínea para análises hematológicas e imunológicas, e removeu-se o fígado para avaliar o índice hepatossomático e a biometria final. Na análise hematológica, os peixes alimentados com 2,5% apresentaram maior número de leucócitos, monócitos e linfócitos que no controle, enquanto as doses de 7,5% e 10,0% não diferiram. Por outro lado, a atividade antimicrobiana apresentou uma redução significativa à medida que a dose de hidrolato de C. longa aumentou. Os demais dados hematológicos, imunológicos, hepatossomáticos e zootécnicos não diferiram entre os tratamentos. Assim, a suplementação do hidrolato de Curcuma longa, na dose de 2,5%, melhorou os parâmetros hematoimunológicos e manteve a homeostase nesses animais, sendo sugerida para novos estudos.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation with different doses of Curcuma longa hydrolate on the hematological, immunological and zootechnical parameters of Nile tilapia cultivated in a recirculation system (RAS). Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) were used, distributed in 16 polyethylene boxes, divided into four treatments: 0.0%; 2.5%; 7.5% and 10.0% of Curcuma longa hydrolate, in quadruplicate. After 45 days of treatment, four fish per experimental unit were anesthetized to remove blood aliquot for hematological and immunological analyzes and dissect the liver to evaluate the hepatosomatic index and final biometry. In the haematological analysis, the fish fed with 2.5% had a higher number of leukocytes, monocytes and lymphocytes than control, while the doses of 7.5% and 10.0% did not differ. Antimicrobial activity showed a significant decrease as the dose of C. longa hydrolate increased. The other hematological, immunological, hepatosomatic index and zootechnical data did not differ between treatments. Thus, supplementation of the hydrolate of Curcuma longa at a dosage of 2.5%, improved and maintained blood-immune homeostasis parameters in these animals, being suggested for further studies.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-11811 757 downloads

Hematological profile of Astyanax bimaculatus under different offer of Lactobacillus sp
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Jatobá, A.

; Pereira, M.O.

; Rodhermel, J.C.B.

Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia

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may 2020, Volume 72 N. 3 Pages 871 - 878

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar os parâmetros hematológicos e imunológicos do lambari-do-rabo-amarelo (Astyanax bimaculatus) alimentado com diferentes frequências de probiótico (Lactobacillus spp.). Os peixes foram distribuídos em 20 unidades experimentais e divididos em cinco tratamentos: controle (0%), 25%, 50%, 75% e 100% de frequência na suplementação probiótica. Alta presença de leucócitos totais (47,70 10³ células µ-1), linfócitos (36,11 10³ células µ-1) e monócitos (11,58 10³ células µ-1) em peixes alimentados com 100% de probiótico apresenta uma taxa diretamente proporcional entre as frequências da suplementação probiótica na disponibilidade das células no sistema circulatório (R² 094-0,97). Hematócrito (27,30-34,63%), hemoglobina (7,00-10,90g dL-¹), volume corpuscular médio (4,21-5,45 10-5.pg), hemoglobina corpuscular média (3,45-5,40 10-6.pg), concentração de hemoglobina corpuscular média (2,99-4,35g dl-1), proteína total (44,32-50,26mg ml-1) e imunoglobulina plasmática total (27,96-34,08mg ml-1) não divergiram entre os tratamentos. A frequência da suplementação probiótica interferiu no perfil hematológico. Embora as bactérias ácido láticas estejam presentes na mesma concentração no trato intestinal, independentemente da oferta de probiótico, houve um aumento na circulação de leucócitos, especialmente linfócitos e monócitos, nos lambaris alimentados com maior frequência.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the hematological and immunological parameters of yellowtail lambaris (Astyanax bimaculatus), fed with different frequencies of the probiotic (Lactobacillus spp.). Fishes were distributed into 20 experimental units and divided in five treatments: control (0%), 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of probiotic supply. A higher presence of total leukocytes (47.70 103cell µl-1), lymphocytes (36.11 103cell µl-1) and monocytes (11.58 103cell µl-1) was verified in fish fed 100% of probiotic, showing a directly proportional ratio among the frequencies of the probiotic supply on the availability of circulating cells in the circulatory system (R² 094-0.97). Hematocrit (27.30-34.63%), hemoglobin (7.00-10.90g dl-1), mean corpuscular volume (4.21-5.45 10-5.pg), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (3.45-5.40 10-6.pg), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, (2.99-4.35g dl-1), total protein (44.32-50.26mg ml-1) and total plasma immunoglobulin (27.96-34.08mg ml-1) did not diverge among treatments. The frequency of the probiotic supply interferes with the hematological profile, although lactic acid bacteria were present in the same concentrations in the intestinal tract, regardless of the probiotic supply, there was an increase in circulating leukocytes, especially lymphocytes and monocytes, in lambari fed probiotic with more frequency.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-10832 597 downloads

Joint report of SBI (Brazilian Society of Infectious Diseases), FEBRASGO (Brazilian Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics Associations), SBU (Brazilian Society of Urology) and SBPC/ML (Brazilian Society of Clinical Pathology/Laboratory Medicine): recommendations for the clinical management of lower urinary tract infections in pregnant and non-pregnant women
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Rossi, Patricia de

; Cimerman, Sergio

; Truzzi, José Carlos

; Cunha, Clóvis Arns da

; Mattar, Rosiane

; Martino, Marinês Dalla Valle

; Hachul, Maurício

; Andriolo, Adagmar

; Vasconcelos Neto, José Ananias

; Pereira-Correia, João Antônio

; Machado, Antonia M.O.

; Gales, Ana Cristina

Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases

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apr 2020, Volume 24 N. 2 Pages 110 - 119

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common condition in women. There is an increased concern on reduction of bacterial susceptibility resulting from wrongly prescribing antimicrobials. This paper summarizes the recommendations of four Brazilian medical societies (SBI - Brazilian Society of Infectious Diseases, FEBRASGO - Brazilian Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics Associations, SBU - Brazilian Society of Urology, and SBPC/ML - Brazilian Society of Clinical Pathology/Laboratory Medicine) on the management of urinary tract infection in women.Asymptomatic bacteriuria should be screened at least twice during pregnancy (early and in the 3rd trimester). All cases of significant bacteriuria (≥105 CFU/mL in middle stream sample) should be treated with antimicrobials considering safety and susceptibility profile. In women with typical symptoms of cystitis, dipsticks are not necessary for diagnosis. Urine cultures should be collected in pregnant women, recurrent UTI, atypical cases, and if there is suspicion of pyelonephritis. First line antimicrobials for cystitis are fosfomycin trometamol in a single dose and nitrofurantoin, 100 mg every 6 hours for five days. Second line drugs are cefuroxime or amoxicillin-clavulanate for seven days. During pregnancy, amoxicillin and other cephalosporins may be used, but with a higher chance of therapeutic failure.In recurrent UTI, all episodes should be confirmed by urine culture. Treatment should be initiated only after urine sampling and with the same regimens indicated for isolated episodes. Prophylaxis options of recurrent UTI are behavioral measures, non-antimicrobial and antimicrobial prophylaxis. Vaginal estrogens may be recommended for postmenopausal women. Other non-antimicrobial prophylaxis, including cranberry and immunoprophylaxis, have weak evidence supporting their use. Antimicrobial prophylaxis may be offered as a continuous or postcoital scheme. In pregnant women, options are cephalexin, 250-500 mg and nitrofurantoin, 100 mg (contraindicated after 37 weeks of pregnancy). Nonpregnant women may use fosfomycin trometamol, 3 g every 10 days, or nitrofurantoin, 100 mg (continuous or postcoital).

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjid.2020.04.002 1294 downloads

Chitosan gels for buccal delivery of Schinus molle L. essential oil in dogs: characterization and antimicrobial activity in vitro
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ALVES, MELINA C.C.

; CHAVES, DOUGLAS S.A.

; BENEVENUTO, BYANCA R.

; FARIAS, BEATRIZ O. DE

; COELHO, SHANA M.O.

; FERREIRA, THAIS P.

; PEREIRA, GERALDO A.

; SANTOS, GABRIELA C.M. DOS

; MOREIRA, LEANDRA O.

; FREITAS, JULIANA P. DE

; CID, YARA P.

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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2020, Volume 92 N. 4 elocation e20200562

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Periodontal disease is considered the main oral cavity disorder in dogs. Essential oils have the potential for use in the prevention and treatment of oral diseases. The antimicrobial activity of Schinus molle L. essential oil (SMEO) has already been reported. Chitosan, a natural product with antimicrobial activity and good biocompatibility has potential in biodental applications. In this study, we evaluated the in vitro antimicrobial activity of SMEO against bacteria associated with periodontal disease in dogs, developed and evaluated the physicochemical properties of a novel chitosan-based buccal delivery system containing SMEO. SMEO showed antimicrobial activity against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria associated with canine periodontitis, with MIC values of 750 µg.mL-1 for Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp, 1000 µg.mL-1 for Corynebacterium spp. and 1250 µg.mL-1 for Pseudomonas spp. All formulations evaluated presented adequate physicochemical properties, good stability, and pH values close to buccal pH (5.0–7.0). Chitosan gel loaded with SMEO showed potential as a SMEO delivery system, having the ideal physicochemical and rheological properties (pseudoplastic and apparent viscosities) required for application on buccal tissue. Thus, we can conclude that formulation has the potential to be used for buccal mucosa delivery in the prevention and treatment of periodontal disease in dogs.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202020200562 703 downloads

10.

Skin burn and ocular damage by calcium oxide (virgin lime) in swines
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Macêdo, Juliana T.S.A.

; Ferreira Júnior, Jair A.

; Nascimento, Karla A.

; Lacerda, Maira S.C.

; Pereira, Nathalia E.S.

; Pedroso, Pedro M.O.

Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira

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nov 2018, Volume 38 N. 11 Pages 2088 - 2091

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO: Descreve-se um surto de queimadura de pele e lesão ocular por óxido de cálcio (cal virgem) em suínos. O surto ocorreu em uma propriedade rural localizada no município de Iuiu, região Oeste da Bahia, durante o transporte de 60 suínos de uma granja de recria para uma granja de engorda. Macroscopicamente foi evidenciado que na pele dos suínos havia áreas eritematosas, formação de pápulas, vesículas, e em alguns casos havia a formação de placas elevadas marrom firmes, ressequidas e em outros casos desprendimento e perda da pele. Os olhos estavam opacos. Na microscopia da pele observaram-se áreas de necrose de coagulação focalmente extensa da epiderme, e derme, delimitadas no panículo, por restos celulares e raros neutrófilos. No olho observou-se necrose da córnea com formação de úlcera perfurada, necrose do epitélio superficial, edema e infiltração de neutrófilos na córnea adjacente a úlcera.

ABSTRACT: An outbreak of skin burn and ocular damage by calcium oxide in swines is reported. The outbreak occurred in a rural property located in the municipality of Iuiu, Western Bahia, during the transport of 60 pigs from a recreation farm to a fattening farm. The observed macroscopic lesions were erythematous areas; formation of papules, vesicles, and in some cases, there was the formation of firm, parched, high brown plaques and in other cases detachment and loss of skin. His eyes were dull. Histological analysis of the skin revealed areas of necrosis of focally extensive clotting of the epidermis, and dermis, delimited in the paniculus, by cellular debris and rare neutrophils. Corneal necrosis with perforated ulcer formation, superficial epithelial necrosis, edema, and neutrophil infiltration of the cornea adjacent to the ulcer were revealed in the eye.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-5825 4294 downloads

11.

Comparison of three diagnostic methods for Salmonella enterica serovars detection in chicken rinse
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Corrêa, Isadora M.O.

; Pereira, Larissa Q.

; Silva, Isabella G.O.

; Altarugio, Rafaela

; Smaniotto, Bruna D.

; Silva, Tarcísio M.

; Okamoto, Adriano S.

; Andreatti Filho, Raphael L.

Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira

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jul 2018, Volume 38 N. 7 Pages 1300 - 1306

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO: A detecção de Salmonella é um ponto crucial para a segurança alimentar, devido a frequente associação deste patógeno com infecções alimentares em humanos. O método padrão para detecção de Salmonella é o bacteriológico, mas o tempo requerido para o processamento das amostras e o diagnóstico final é longo, por isso existe a necessidade de desenvolvimento de métodos alternativos que visem acelerar esta etapa. Para isto utilizamos a separação imunomagnética associada ao bacteriófago P22 como técnica de detecção rápida para os seguintes sorovares de Salmonella: Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica sorovar Heidelberg (S. Heidelberg), Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica sorovar Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) e Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica sorovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium), os quais foram inoculados artificialmente em lavados de sobre-coxas de frango nas seguintes concentrações: 5, 10 e 100 UFC/25mL. A eficiência da técnica, representada pelo tempo requerido para detecção de amostras positivas ou negativas, foi comparado com os testes rotineiramente utilizados para detecção de Salmonella, o exame bacteriológico e a reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR). Este estudo confirmou a capacidade do teste de separação imunomagnética associado a bacteriófago, o qual identificou 99,6% das amostras positivas para Salmonella, dos três sorovares testados. Já o bacteriológico e PCR identificaram respectivamente 95,1% e 98,5% das amostras positivas.

ABSTRACT: Salmonella detection is a key point in food safety testing, because of the frequent association of this pathogen with food poisoning in humans. The standard bacteriological tests currently used for Salmonella-detection are time-consuming; therefore, there is a need to develop alternative methods to accelerate the detection. In order to accelerate Salmonella diagnosis, we used the immunomagnetic separation assay associated with bacteriophage P22 for the rapid detection of the following Salmonella serovars in chicken rinses of drumsticks, artificially contaminated with 5, 10, and 100 CFU/25mL of bacteria: Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Heidelberg (S. Heidelberg), Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) and Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium). The efficiency of the technique, represented by the time required for detection of positive and negative samples, was compared with that of the standard diagnostic tests used for this pathogen, the bacteriological assay and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based test. This study confirmed the ability of the bacteriophage-associated immunomagnetic separation assay to identify 99.6% of Salmonella-positive samples of the three serovars tested. In contrast, the bacteriological assay and PCR-based test detected 95.1% and 98.5% of the Salmonella-positive samples respectively.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-5211 2415 downloads

12.

Aspectos econômicos do uso da parte aérea in natura de mandioca (Manihot esculenta Crantz) para nutrição de cordeiros confinados e semiconfinados
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Pereira, L.C.

; Ítavo, L.C.V.

; Mateus, R.G.

; Rosa, M.O.

; Macena, I.

; Reis Neto, J.F.

; Barbosa-Ferreira, M.

; Carvalho, C.M.E.

Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia

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jan 2018, Volume 70 N. 1 Pages 279 - 286

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência da inclusão da rama de mandioca na dieta de cordeiros confinados e semiconfinados, em substituição parcial de alimentos concentrados, como forma de redução de custos de produção. O experimento foi conduzido no Centro de Tecnologia de Ovinos (CTO), município de Campo Grande, MS. Foram utilizados 56 cordeiros do grupo genético Pantaneiro, sendo 28 machos e 28 fêmeas, com pesos médios de 18,84kg±2,02kg. As dietas recebidas foram: tratamento controle com ração comercial e tratamentos contendo a parte aérea de mandioca (PAM) em substituição de 10% dessa ração. Os machos confinados obtiveram ganho de peso médio diário de 210g e os semiconfinados, de 178g. No semiconfinamento, as fêmeas controle tiveram GMD de 120g e menor desempenho entre os grupos experimentais. A inclusão PAM acarretou uma redução de 31,29% para a mesma categoria animal. Entre os sistemas de produção, o semiconfinamento apresentou maior lucratividade média, 6,4%, e uma rentabilidade de 7,99% em relação ao sistema de confinamento, que obteve 0,04% de lucratividade e 0,87% de rentabilidade. Conclui-se que a inclusão da parte aérea da mandioca aumenta a eficiência econômica dos sistemas produtivos sem afetar o desenvolvimento dos animais em terminação.

ABSTRACT The scope of this study was to evaluate the inclusion of raw cassava aerial parts in the diet of lambs in partial substitution of rations, in order to reduce production costs. The experiment was conducted at Sheep Technology Centre (CTO) in Campo Grande City, MS. A sample of 56 lambs from Pantaneiro genetic group was used, 28 males and 28 females, average weight of 18.84kg±2.02kg. The inclusion of PAM decreased the costs by 31.29% for the same category of animal. Among the production systems the semi-feedlot, showed the highest average profitability of 6.4% and a return of 7.99%, compared to the feedlot system, which obtained 0.04% 0.87% profitability and return. In conclusion, the inclusion of the aerial part of cassava increases the economic efficiency of production systems without affecting the development of finishing animals.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-9281 1457 downloads

13.

Structure and temporal variation of the phytoplankton of a macrotidal beach from the Amazon coastal zone
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MATOS, JISLENE B.

; OLIVEIRA, SUELLEN M.O. DE

; PEREIRA, LUCI C.C.

; COSTA, RAUQUÍRIO M. DA

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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sep 2016, Volume 88 N. 3 Pages 1325 - 1339

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT The present study aimed to analyze the structure and the temporal variation of the phytoplankton of Ajuruteua beach (Bragança, Pará) and to investigate the influence of environmental variables on the dynamics of this community to provide a basis about the trophic state of this environment. Biological, hydrological and hydrodynamic samplings were performed during a nyctemeral cycle in the months of November/08, March/09, June/09 and September/09. We identified 110 taxa, which were distributed among the diatoms (87.3%), dinoflagellates (11.8%) and cyanobacteria (0.9%), with the predominance of neritic species, followed by the tychoplankton species. Chlorophyll-a concentrations were the highest during the rainy period (24.5 mg m-3), whereas total phytoplankton density was higher in the dry period (1,255 x 103 cell L-1). However, phytoflagellates density was significantly higher during the rainy period. Cluster Analysis revealed the formation of four groups, which were influenced by the monthly differences in the environmental variables. The Principal Component Analysis indicated salinity and chlorophyll-a as the main variables that explained the components. Spearman correlation analysis supported the influence of these variables on the local phytoplankton community. Overall, the results obtained suggest that rainfall and strong local hydrodynamics play an important role in the dynamic of the phytoplankton of Ajuruteua beach, by influencing both environmental and biological variables.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201620150688 2073 downloads

14.

Multiplicação in vitro de segmentos apicais caulinares de segurelha (Satureja hortensis L.)
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Navroski, M.C.I

; Waldow, D.A.G.

; Reiniger, L.R.S.

; Golle, D.P.

; Curti, A.R.

; Pereira, M.O.

Revista Brasileira de Plantas Medicinais

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mar 2014, Volume 16 N. 1 Pages 117 - 121

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

O presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar o efeito de BAP, na presença e ausência de ANA, sobre a multiplicação in vitro de segmentos apicais caulinares de Satureja hortensis. Os explantes foram isolados de plântulas germinadas in vitro e cultivados em meio nutritivo MS. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 2x5, correspondendo às concentrações de ANA (0 e 1 µM) e de BAP (0; 5; 10; 15 e 20 µM), com seis repetições, cada uma composta por três explantes. Para a porcentagem de explantes com brotações houve efeito significativo para o fator BAP, aumentando à medida que cresce a concentração da citocinina. A variável "número de brotos por explante" apresentou interação entre os fatores, havendo a maior formação de brotos na presença de ANA na faixa de 10 - 15 µM de BAP. Na presença da auxina, o maior valor ocorreu com 15 µM de BAP tendendo a diminuir independente da presença de ANA. O enraizamento dos segmentos apicais foi maior na presença de ANA e ausência de BAP, diminuindo com o aumento da citocinina. O número de folhas foi influenciado pela maior concentração de BAP sendo que a 15 µM foi observado o maior número, tendendo à queda com aumento da concentração. A concentração de 15 µM de BAP, independente de ANA, proporcionou os melhores resultados na multiplicação da espécie produzindo aumento de brotações e número de folhas, à exceção do enraizamento que foi influenciado pela auxina.

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of BAP in the presence and absence of NAA, on the in vitro multiplication of shoot apical segments of Satureja hortensis. The explants were isolated from seedlings germinated in vitro and cultured in nutrient medium MS. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 2x5 factorial arrangement, corresponding to the concentrations of NAA (0 and 1 µM) and BAP (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 µM), with six replicates, each consisting of three explants. For the percentage of explants with shoots, there was no significant effect for the factor BAP, increasing as the concentration of BAP grows. The variable number of shoots per explant showed interaction between factors, with the highest shoot formation in the presence of NAA and BAP in the range of 10 -15 µM. In the presence of auxin, the highest value occurred with 15 µM BAP, tending to decline regardless of the presence of NAA. The rooting of the apical segments was higher in the presence of NAA and absence of BAP, decreasing with increasing cytokinin. Leaf number was influenced by the higher concentration of BAP, and the amount of 15 µMhadthe largest number, tending to decrease with increasing concentration. The concentration of 15 µM BAP, regardless of NAA, provided better results in the multiplication of the species, producing increased number of shoots and leaves, except for rooting, whichwas influenced by auxin.

2042 downloads

15.

Effects of inulin and a probiotic mixture on nutrient digestibility and nitrogen balance in piglets
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Rodrigues, M.

; Pozza, P.C.

; Pozza, M.S.S.

; Possamai, M.

; Bruno, L.D.G.

; Richart, E.

; Wochner, M.O.

; Pereira Júnior, J.M.

Archivos de Zootecnia

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jun 2013, Volume 62 N. 238 Pages 255 - 264

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

This study aimed to evaluate different inulin and probiotic levels as supplement in diets for piglets on nutrient digestibility and nitrogen balance. Twenty four crossbred barrows (Pietráin x Landrace x Large White), with initial average weight of 18.00 ± 0.38 kg, were individually housed in metabolic cages. The experimental design was a completely randomized block, in a 2 x 3 factorial scheme (probiotic levels: 0.30 and 0.60 %; inulin levels: 0.00, 0.25 and 0.50 %), with four replications. The probiotic used was a mix of Lactobacillus acidophillus, Streptococcus faecium and Bifidobacterium bifidum. The inulin was the prebiotic used in this study, characterized as an indigestible carbohydrate formed by fructooligosaccharides. Inulin levels provided a quadratic effect (p<0.05) on the digestibility coefficients of dry matter, organic matter and ether extract, and the better responses were obtained supplementing 0.194, 0.185 and 0.188 %. Quadratic effects were observed for the nitrogen excreted in feces, total nitrogen excretion, nitrogen efficiency use and nitrogen digestibility. The inulin levels of 0.194 and 0.216 %, in piglet diets, were the better for dry matter digestibility and total nitrogen excretion, respectively.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de níveis de inulina e probióticos em rações para leitões sobre a digestibilidade dos nutrientes e balanço do nitrogênio. Foram utilizados 24 suínos mestiços (Pietráin x Landrace x Large White), machos castrados, com peso médio inicial de 18,00 ± 0,38 kg, alojados individualmente em gaiolas de metabolismo. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso em esquema fatorial 2 x 3, representado por dois níveis de probiótico (0,30 e 0,60 %) e três níveis de inulina (0,00; 0,25 e 0,50 %), com quatro repetições. O probiótico utilizado foi composto por Lactobacillus acidophillus, Streptococcus faecium e Bifidobacterium bifidum. A inulina foi o prebiótico utilizado, caracterizada como um carboidrato não digerível composto por frutoligossacarídeos. A inulina proporcionou efeito quadrático (p<0,05) nos coeficientes de digestibilidade da matéria seca, matéria orgânica e extrato etéreo, e as melhores respostas foram obtidas com a suplementação de 0,194; 0,185 e 0,188 %. Efeitos quadráticos foram observados para o nitrogênio excretado nas fezes, excreção total de nitrogênio, eficiência de uso do nitrogênio e digestibilidade do nitrogênio. Os níveis de 0,194 e 0,216 % de inulina, na ração de leitões, foram os melhores para a digestibilidade da matéria seca e excreção total de nitrogênio, respectivamente.

https://doi.org/10.4321/S0004-05922013000200011 486 downloads

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