Resumo A ideia do tema surgiu da fala racional da aluna,primeira autora sobre homeopatia e o questionamento sobre ciência e pseudociência. No processo de construção da química como ciência a alquimia deixou contribuições importantes como técnicas de laboratório e a figura de Paracelsus que organizou as primeiras comunidades científicas. A ciência é uma construção humana e essa construção se deu por um processo influenciado por diferentes fatores.O conhecimento científico é resultado de processos que seguem formalidades e surge do rigor do que é chamado método científico. A metodologia de trabalho foi a aplicação de um questionário do tipo formulário eletrônico que teve o cuidado de ser direcionado a pessoas que tivessem ligação com a ciência em seu cotidiano profissional,para esta etapa específica foi feito um recorte nas respostas dos participantes e selecionados somentes docentes do IQ da UnB.Os resultados foram analisados utilizando um método quali-quantitativo. Quando o formulário foi interrrompido para respostas contava com 61 participações e deste total 16 docentes. Foi verificado que os participantes estão divididos na crença sobre a homeopatia e a ciência, contudo o interessante é que mesmo dois participantes que nao acreditam recorrem a homepatia para tratar sintomas que tratam também com medicamentos alopáticos. Em tempos pós pandemia é importante que se volte o olhar para a ciência e de crédito ao papel do cientista no enfretamento das questões. Contudo a homepatia não pode ser desconsiderada como uma prática de cuidado pois faz parte de um rol de linhas terapeuticas do SUS que tem um olhar para o indivíduo e sua integralidade e não desconsideram a alopatia.

Abstract The idea for the theme came from the student's rational speech, the first author on homeopathy and the questioning of science and pseudoscience. In the process of building chemistry as a science, alchemy left important contributions such as laboratory techniques and the figure of Paracelsus who organized the first scientific communities. Science is a human construction and this construction took place through a process influenced by different factors. Scientific knowledge is the result of processes that follow formalities and arises from the rigor of what is called the scientific method. The work methodology was the application of an electronic form-type questionnaire that was careful to be directed to people who had a connection with science in their professional routine. UnB IQ. The results were analyzed using a quali-quantitative method. When the form was interrupted for responses, there were 61 participants and of this total, 16 teachers. It was verified that the participants are divided in their beliefs about homeopathy and science, however, the interesting thing is that even two participants who do not believe resort to homeopathy to treat symptoms that they also treat with allopathic medicines. In post-pandemic times, it is important to look at science and credit the scientist's role in dealing with these issues. However, homeopathy cannot be disregarded as a care practice, as it is part of a list of therapeutic lines of the SUS that look at the individual and his integrality and do not disregard allopathy.

ABSTRACT The correct nutrition of orchards from fertilizer management directly influences fruit yield. Therefore, the objective was to evaluate the nutritional status of orchards of the ‘Montenegrina’ mandarin (Citrus deliciosa Tenore) grafted on Poncirus trifoliata Raf. in southern Brazil. The study included analyzes of soil and leaf tissue from 58 commercial orchards. More than 60% of the orchards were diagnosed with K and Mg insufficiency and more than 30% had an excess of N. There was an insufficiency in Mn and Zn of 60 and 96%, respectively, despite the levels of these micronutrients in the soil being high in both depths studied. In addition, no significant correlations were observed between the contents of a given nutrient in the soil and in the leaves, except for the Ca/Mg ratio. Insufficiency was observed in the leaf contents of K, Mg, Mn and Zn and excesses of N and Cu in the orchards. The use of phosphate and potassium fertilizers requires adjustments due to the excessive content of these nutrients in the soil. Pre-planting acidity correction and soil acidity management in ‘Montenegrina’ mandarin orchards already implanted needs to be optimized.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE This study aims to assess the degree of adequacy of prenatal care (PNC) in the state of Rio Grande do Sul (RS) and in its 7 macro-regions considering the time of PNC initiation and the number of appointments attended. It also aims to verify the mode of delivery prevalence and the factors associated with PNC adequacy by mode of delivery. METHODS Sub analysis from a cross-sectional study conducted among 13,432 childbearing women aged 15–49 years assisted in 66 maternity hospitals of the Unified Health System (SUS) and private associated facilities from September 2017 to October 2019. A standardized form was used to collect sociodemographic data, and information about PNC and delivery from the childbearing women’s prenatal cards, hospital records, and medical reports. RESULTS The PNC coverage was (98.4%), but only 57.5% of the participants had an adequate PNC defined as the one initiated until the 12th gestational week, with attendance of at least 6 appointments. The cesarean rate was 57.2%. Among women who performed vaginal delivery, multivariate analysis showed that for each 1-year increase in the age of the parturient, the chance of having an adequate PNC increased by 5%. White parturients with higher education and fewer deliveries residing in the macro-region of Valleys were more likely to have an adequate PNC when compared with non-white parturients, who were illiterate and/or had incomplete elementary school, with 3 or more deliveries and who resided in other macro-regions. During pregnancy, 96.0% of the women performed at least one anti-HIV test, 55.8% a rapid test for syphilis, and 75.0% a Venereal Disease Research Laboratory test (VDRL). CONCLUSIONS Despite the almost universal PNC coverage in RS, the PNC offered by the SUS was adequate for just half of the population, therefore public health policies targeted at women receiving care in this setting shall be revisited.

Resumo Objetivo: descrever o processo de implantação subnacional da certificação da eliminação da transmissão vertical de HIV e/ou sífilis, suas principais barreiras, desafios e oportunidades. Métodos: em 2022, foram avaliados indicadores do último ano completo para meta de impacto, e dos dois últimos anos completos para metas de processo, disponíveis nos sistemas nacionais de informações; foram analisados relatórios descritivos e reconhecidas ações em quatro eixos temáticos, conforme recomendações da OPAS/OMS. Resultados: 43 municípios ≥ 100 mil habitantes foram certificados, abrangendo 24,6 milhões de habitantes; um município alcançou dupla eliminação (HIV-sífilis), 28 alcançaram eliminação para HIV e 10, selos prata; para sífilis, houve uma eliminação, 4 selos ouro, 13 prata e 4 bronze; identificou-se maior número de certificações nas regiões Sudeste e Sul. Conclusão: barreiras e desafios do processo foram superados pela colaboração tripartite; a experiência proporcionou melhor integração da vigilância com a assistência e qualificação das ações para prevenção da transmissão vertical.

Resumen Objetivo: describir el proceso de implementación subnacional de la certificación de eliminación de la transmisión vertical (TV) de sífilis y/o VIH, barreras, oportunidades y desafíos. Métodos: en 2022, se evaluaron indicadores del último año completo para la meta de impacto y de los dos últimos años para las de proceso en los sistemas de información; se analizaron informes descriptivos y se reconocieron acciones de cuatro ejes, según las recomendaciones de la OPS/OMS. Resultados: se certificaron 43 municipios ≥ 100.000 mil habitantes, cubriendo 24,6 millones de habitantes; un municipio logró la doble eliminación (VIH-sífilis), 28 la eliminación del VIH y 10 sellos plata; para sífilis, hubo una eliminación, 4 sellos oro, 13 plata y 4 bronce; las regiones Sudeste y Sur obtuvieron más certificaciones. Conclusión: barreras y desafíos fueron superados mediante la colaboración tripartita; la experiencia permitió la integración de la vigilancia con la atención y la cualificación de acciones para la prevención de la TV.

Abstract Objective: to describe the subnational implementation process of the certification for elimination of mother-to-child transmission of HIV and/or syphilis, its main barriers, challenges and opportunities. Methods: in 2022, indicators from the last full year for impact targets and the last two full years for process targets, available in national information systems, were evaluated; descriptive reports were analyzed and actions were acknowledged within four thematic axes, according to PAHO/WHO recommendations. Results: 43 municipalities ≥ 100,000 inhabitants were certified, covering 24.6 million inhabitants; one municipality achieved dual elimination (HIV-syphilis), 28 municipalities achieved elimination of HIV and 10 received silver tiers; regarding syphilis, one elimination was observed, along with 4 gold tiers, 13 silver tiers and 4 bronze tiers; a higher number of certifications was identified in the Southeast and South regions. Conclusion: barriers and challenges of the process were overcome through tripartite collaboration; the experience provided better integration of surveillance with care and improved actions aimed at preventing mother-to-child transmission.

Abstract Gibberellins can promote the inhibition of floral induction in citrus in order to reduce alternate bearing. However, not much is known about the responsiveness of Citrus deliciosa to exogenous applications of gibberellic acid. Furthermore, the successive application of gibberellins is barely studied. The main objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of successive applications of gibberellic acid (GA3) on the reduction of spring flowering subsequent to low fruit load periods (off-year) in ‘Montenegrina’ and ‘Rainha’ mandarin trees, in southern Brazil. The treatments consisted of one to four successive applications of GA3 (40 mg L-1) with 21-day interval in off-year trees. Applications began in May and ended in July. There was a significant reduction in sprouting and flowering of ‘Montenegrina’ mandarin with more than two GA3 successive applications compared to the control. To ‘Rainha’ mandarin, only two GA3 applications reduced the sprouting and solely one GA3 application was enough to reduce sprouting in relation to the control. GA3 use reduced sprouting and flowering of Montenegrina and Rainha cultivars. The orchard age may be related to its level of alternate bearing and, therefore, to the greater or lesser sensitivity of gibberellin applications.

Resumo As giberelinas podem promover a inibição da indução floral em citros com intuito de reduzir a alternância de produção. Contudo, pouco se sabe sobre a responsividade de Citrus deliciosa às aplicações exógenas de ácido giberélico. Além disso, a aplicação sucessiva de giberelinas é pouco estudada. Desta forma, objetivou-se avaliar o efeito de aplicações sucessivas de ácido giberélico (AG3) sobre a redução do florescimento primaveril subsequente a safras de baixa carga de frutos (ano off) em tangerineiras ‘Montenegrina’ e ‘Rainha’, no Sul do Brasil. Os tratamentos consistiram em uma a quatro aplicações sucessivas de 40 mg L-1 de AG3, com intervalos de 21 dias, em plantas em ano off. O início das aplicações foi em maio, e o término, em julho. Houve redução significativa de brotação e de florescimento com mais de duas aplicações sucessivas de AG3 para a tangerineira ‘Montenegrina’ em relação ao controle. Para a tangerineira ‘Rainha’, apenas com duas aplicações de AG3, o florescimento foi reduzido, enquanto apenas uma aplicação já foi suficiente para reduzir a brotação em relação ao controle. O uso de AG3 reduz brotação e florescimento das cultivares Montenegrina e Rainha. A idade do pomar pode estar relacionada ao seu nível de alternância produtiva e, desta forma, à maior ou à menor sensibilidade a aplicações de giberelinas.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) is the number one aesthetic procedure worldwide, and the difficulty in standardizing the aesthetic treatment of the face results in a broad range of treatment possibilities. The objective this study aimed to describe the author’s experience treating facial wrinkles of women with BTX-A and suggest a standardized initial treatment method. Methods: A documentary retrospective review of all medical records from the main author’s clinic from 2010 to 2017 in São Paulo, Brazil, was performed, searching for female patients who required the BTX-A aesthetic treatment to reduce facial wrinkles. The main author obtained, reviewed, and classified photographic data (“Carruthers Grading Scale for Forehead Lines”). Results: The BTX-A used in all patients was Botox® (Allergan Inc., Irvine, CA, USA). A total of 156 female treatments with BTX-A were identified. The average total units of BTX-A used for the referred treatment was 32.43U. The average period between treatments in the same patient was 8.73 months. All patients showed an improved “Grading Scale for Forehead Lines” post-treatment Conclusion: The review suggests a safe and effective technique is possible with even lower complication rates than found in the literature using fewer units, resulting in lower product costs. One should always try to minimize risks in aesthetic treatments.

RESUMO Introdução: A aplicação de toxina botulínica do tipo A (BTX-A) é o procedimento estético mais realizado no mundo. Não há consenso sobre a forma ideal de realizar essa aplicação, que defina os locais de aplicação e a quantidade ideal necessária para o referido tratamento. O objetivo do estudo tem como objetivos descrever a experiência do autor no tratamento das rugas faciais em mulheres com BTX-A e sugerir uma padronização para o tratamento inicial. Método: Foi realizado um estudo documental retrospectivo de todos os prontuários médicos da clínica do autor principal, em São Paulo - SP, Brasil, desde 2010 até 2017, em busca dos dados de pacientes do sexo feminino que foram submetidas ao tratamento das rugas faciais com BTX-A, por razões estéticas. Os arquivos fotográficos foram obtidos, revisados e classificados pelo autor principal de acordo com a “Carruthers Grading Scale for Forehead Lines”. Resultados: A BTX-A utilizada em todas as pacientes foi: Botox® (Allergan Inc., Irvine, CA, USA). Um total de 156 tratamentos com BTX-A foi encontrado. A média de unidade de toxina utilizada para o tratamento foi de 32,43U. O período médio de retorno para nova aplicação, na mesma paciente, foi de 8,73 meses. Todas as pacientes apresentaram melhora da classificação obtida através da “Grading Scale for Forehead Lines” após o tratamento. Conclusão: A revisão sugere que uma técnica efetiva e segura para o tratamento é possível, com menos unidades e menor taxa de complicações, quando comparada à literatura. Devemos sempre minimizar os riscos em tratamentos estéticos.

ABSTRACT Background: Women living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (WLWH) are more likely to be infected with the oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV). We assessed the prevalence of high-risk (HR) (16/18/31/33/35/39/45/51/52/56/58/59/68/73/82), probable high-risk (pHR) (26/53/66), and low-risk (LR) (6/11/40/42/43/44/54/61/70) HPV types and their associated risk factors. Methods: This cross-sectional study of WLWH aged 18-64 years included one laboratory and eight HIV-specialty healthcare facilities in the pilot network. Descriptive statistics were used to assess sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics. Adjusted analyses were conducted to evaluate risk factors associated with HR and/or pHR HPV infection in WLWH. Results: From May/2021 to May/2022, 1,914 (92.5%) WLWH participated in the pilot study and had valid HPV-DNA results of self-collected vaginal samples. The median age of the participants was 45 years, 60.1% had ≥ 9 years of schooling, 80.5% were ≤ 18 years at first sexual intercourse, and 51.7% had > 4 sexual partners throughout life. The prevalence of any HPV type, HR HPV, pHR HPV, and LR HPV was 65.8%, 49.6%, 16.7%, and 40.0%, respectively. Age was inversely associated with pHR and/or HR-HPV (p < 0.001), and education level was inversely associated with HR-HPV (p = 0.003) types. Any HR or pHR was associated with being single (p = 0.029) and exchanging sex for drugs (p = 0.037). Conclusions: The prevalence of HPV, especially HR HPV, among WLWH is high in Brazil, highlighting the need for HPV screening in this population. Self-collection of vaginal samples is an important strategy for increasing testing access.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE This study aims to assess the degree of adequacy of prenatal care (PNC) in the state of Rio Grande do Sul (RS) and in its 7 macro-regions considering the time of PNC initiation and the number of appointments attended. It also aims to verify the mode of delivery prevalence and the factors associated with PNC adequacy by mode of delivery. METHODS Sub analysis from a cross-sectional study conducted among 13,432 childbearing women aged 15–49 years assisted in 66 maternity hospitals of the Unified Health System (SUS) and private associated facilities from September 2017 to October 2019. A standardized form was used to collect sociodemographic data, and information about PNC and delivery from the childbearing women’s prenatal cards, hospital records, and medical reports. RESULTS The PNC coverage was (98.4%), but only 57.5% of the participants had an adequate PNC defined as the one initiated until the 12th gestational week, with attendance of at least 6 appointments. The cesarean rate was 57.2%. Among women who performed vaginal delivery, multivariate analysis showed that for each 1-year increase in the age of the parturient, the chance of having an adequate PNC increased by 5%. White parturients with higher education and fewer deliveries residing in the macro-region of Valleys were more likely to have an adequate PNC when compared with non-white parturients, who were illiterate and/or had incomplete elementary school, with 3 or more deliveries and who resided in other macro-regions. During pregnancy, 96.0% of the women performed at least one anti-HIV test, 55.8% a rapid test for syphilis, and 75.0% a Venereal Disease Research Laboratory test (VDRL). CONCLUSIONS Despite the almost universal PNC coverage in RS, the PNC offered by the SUS was adequate for just half of the population, therefore public health policies targeted at women receiving care in this setting shall be revisited.

ABSTRACT Background: Gonorrhea is not a notifiable disease in Brazil, and the national health information system does not collect data on reported cases or infection prevalence. Methods: We compiled published data on gonorrhea prevalence in Brazil from cross-sectional surveys and clinical trials between 2000 and 2020. The study entry criteria included a sample size of 50 or more, and Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection detected in urine, urethral, anal, or cervicovaginal specimens using either Nucleic Acid Amplification Test or culture. Gonorrhea prevalence trends between 2000 and 2020 were generated using Spectrum-STI, a statistical trend-fitting model. Results: Forty-five studies with 59 gonorrhea prevalence data points were identified. Fifty data points were for women and represented 21,815 individuals, eight for men encompassing a total of 4,587 individuals, and one for transgender people comprising 345 individuals. The Spectrum-STI estimate for the prevalence of urogenital infection with gonorrhea in women 15-49 in 2020 was 0.63% (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.13-2.23) and was lower than the 1.05% estimated value for 2000 (95% CI: 0.36-2.79). The corresponding figures for men were 0.70% (95% CI: 0.16-2.44) and 1.14% (95% CI: 0.34-3.15). Anal prevalence estimates could not be generated because of insufficient data (three data points). Conclusions: These results suggest that the overall prevalence of genitourinary gonococcal infections in Brazil is less than 1%. Data on gonorrhea prevalence in men and in populations at increased STI vulnerability are limited.

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the social representation of spiritual surgeries in Umbanda for Bantu-Amerindian ritual mediums and their contributions to the cross-cultural care proposed by Madeleine Leininger. Methods: a descriptive-exploratory, qualitative study, supported by the procedural approach of Social Representation Theory and Transcultural Nursing Theory, carried out with 30 Umbanda mediums of the Bantu-Amerindian ritual through interviews, submitted to the Iramuteq software for lexical analysis. Results: mostly women, white, with an average of 46 years old and approximately 14 years of practice in Umbanda participated. The social representation of spiritual surgeries in Umbanda is objectified and anchored through a biomedical vision of care, encompassing a set of beliefs, values and practices as religious treatments, through faith, whose main objective is healing. Final considerations: spiritual surgeries are a form of transcultural care, according to Madeleine Leininger’s propositions, as they integrate the culture of a group through health care in Umbanda.

RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar la representación social de las cirugías espirituales en Umbanda para médiums rituales bantú-amerindios y sus aportes al cuidado transcultural propuesto por Madeleine Leininger. Métodos: estudio descriptivo-exploratorio, cualitativo, sustentado en el enfoque procedimental de la Teoría de las Representaciones Sociales y la Teoría del Cuidado Transcultural, realizado con 30 médiums Umbanda del ritual Bantú-Amerindio a través de entrevistas, sometidos al software Iramuteq para análisis léxico. Resultados: participaron en su mayoría mujeres, blancas, con una edad promedio de 46 años y aproximadamente 14 años de práctica en Umbanda. La representación social de las cirugías espirituales en Umbanda se objetiva y ancla a través de una visión biomédica del cuidado, englobando un conjunto de creencias, valores y prácticas como tratamientos religiosos, a través de la fe, cuyo principal objetivo es la sanación. Consideraciones finales: las cirugías espirituales son una forma de cuidado transcultural según las proposiciones de Madeleine Leininger, en tanto integran la cultura de un grupo a través del cuidado de la salud en Umbanda.

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar a representação social das cirurgias espirituais na Umbanda para médiuns do ritual bantu-ameríndio e suas contribuições para o cuidado transcultural proposto por Madeleine Leininger. Métodos: estudo descritivo-exploratório, qualitativo, apoiado na abordagem processual da Teoria das Representações Sociais e na Teoria do Cuidado Transcultural, realizado com 30 médiuns umbandistas do ritual bantu-ameríndio por meio de entrevistas, submetidas ao software Iramuteq para análise lexical. Resultados: participaram, majoritariamente, mulheres, brancas, na média dos 46 anos e aproximadamente 14 anos de prática na Umbanda. A representação social das cirurgias espirituais na Umbanda é objetivada e ancorada mediante uma visão biomédica do cuidado, englobando um conjunto de crenças, valores e práticas enquanto tratamentos religiosos, por meio da fé, cujo objetivo principal é a cura. Considerações finais: cirurgias espirituais são uma forma de cuidado transcultural, segundo proposições de Madeleine Leininger, por integrarem a cultura de um grupo através dos cuidados em saúde na Umbanda.

Abstract Introduction: The in situ simulation (ISS) consists of a training technique that takes place in the real workplace as a relevant method to promote environmental fidelity in the simulated scenario. Objective: To verify the use of the ISS in the world, to understand its applicability in healthcare. Method: This is an integrative review, which used the following guiding question: How has in situ simulation been used by health professionals? Searches were carried out in the PubMed, SciELO, LILACS and Web of Science databases, with different combinations of the following descriptors: in situ simulation, health and medicine (in Portuguese, English and Spanish) and the Boolean operators AND and OR using a temporal filter from 2012 to 2021. A total of 358 articles were found and the inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, following the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA), and also with an independent peer review, using Rayyan, leaving 190 articles for this review. Results: The results showed that the United States has the absolute majority of productions (97/51%), followed by Canada, but with a large numerical difference (18/9.5%). Most of the works are written in English (184/96.8%), are quasi-experimental studies (97/51%), and have multidisciplinary teams as the target audience (155/81.6%). The articles have 11,315 participants and 2,268 simulation interventions. The main ISS scenarios were the urgent and emergency sectors (114/60%), followed by the ICU (17/9%), delivery room (16/8.42%) and surgical center (13/6.84%). The most frequently studied topics were CPR (27/14.21%), COVID-19 (21/11%), childbirth complications (13/6.8%) and trauma (11/5.8%). Discussion: The pointed-out advantages include the opportunity for professional updating with the acquisition of knowledge, skills and competencies, in an environment close to the real thing and at low cost, as it does not depend on expensive simulation centers. Conclusion: In situ simulation has been used by health professionals worldwide, as a health education strategy, with good results for learning and training at different moments of professional training, with improved care and low cost. There is still much to expand in relation to the use of ISS, especially in Brazil, in the publication of studies and experience reports on this approach.

Resumo Introdução: A simulação in situ (SIS) consiste em técnica de capacitação que ocorre no local real de trabalho como um método relevante para promover a fidelidade ambiental no cenário simulado. Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo verificar o uso da SIS no mundo para compreender sua aplicabilidade na área de saúde. Método: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa que adotou a seguinte questão norteadora: “Como tem sido utilizada a simulação in situ por profissionais da área da saúde?”. Foram realizadas buscas nas bases PubMed, SciELO, LILACS e Web of Science, com as diferentes combinações dos descritores “simulação in situ”, “saúde” e “medicina” (em português, inglês e espanhol) e os operadores booleanos AND e OR, com utilização de filtro temporal de 2012 a 2021. Encontraram-se 358 artigos, nos quais se aplicaram os critérios de inclusão e exclusão, seguindo as recomendações do Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA). Após revisão independente realizada por pares, com o uso do Rayyan, restaram 190 para esta revisão. Resultado: Os resultados mostraram que os Estados Unidos detêm a maioria absoluta das produções (97/51%), seguidos do Canadá, porém com grande diferença numérica (18/9,5%). A maior parte dos trabalhos está escrita em inglês (184/96,8%), é quase experimental (97/51%) e tem equipes multiprofissionais como público-alvo (155/81,6%). Os artigos têm 11.315 participantes e 2.268 intervenções de simulação. Os principais cenários de SIS foram os setores de urgência e emergência (114/60%), seguidos de UTI (17/9%), sala de parto (16/8,42%) e centro cirúrgico (13/6,84%). Os temas mais estudados foram RCP (27/14,21%), Covid-19 (21/11%), complicações do parto (13/6,8%) e trauma (11/5,8%). As vantagens apontadas incluem: atualização profissional e aquisição de habilidades e competências em ambiente próximo do real e de baixo custo por não depender de dispendiosos centros de simulação. Conclusão: Em todo o mundo, a SIS tem sido utilizada por profissionais da saúde como estratégia de educação na área de saúde, com bons resultados para aprendizagem e capacitações de diferentes momentos da formação profissional e com melhora da assistência. Ainda há muito o que expandir em relação ao uso da SIS, sobretudo no Brasil, na publicação de estudos sobre essa abordagem.

ABSTRACT Progress Testing (PT) is an assessment tool whose use has grown throughout Brazil in the last decade. PT makes it possible to assess the students’ knowledge gain throughout the undergraduate course and, for their interpretations to be valid, their items (questions) must have adequate quality from the point of view of content validity and reliability of results. In this study, we analyzed the psychometric characteristics of the items and the performance of students in the content area of surgery from 2017 to 2023. For the analyses, we used the assumptions of Classical Test Theory, Bloom’s taxonomy and Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficient. The items were easy (average difficulty index between 0.3-0.4), with fair to good discrimination (discrimination index between 0.3-0.4) and with a predominance of medium to high taxonomy. Reliability remained substantial over the years (>0.6). Students’ knowledge gain in surgery was found to be progressive and more important from the 3rd year of the undergraduate course, reaching approximately 70-75% in the 6th year. This measurements framework can be replicated in other contexts for a better understanding of student learning and for qualification of evaluation processes.

RESUMO O Teste de Progresso (TP) é uma ferramenta de avaliação cujo uso tem crescido em todo o Brasil na última década. O TP permite avaliar o ganho de conhecimento dos estudantes ao longo do curso de graduação e, para que suas interpretações sejam válidas, é preciso que seus itens (questões) tenham qualidade adequada do ponto de vista de validade de conteúdo e confiabilidade de resultados. Neste estudo, analisamos as características psicométricas dos itens e o desempenho dos estudantes na área de cirurgia do TP de 2017 a 2023. Para as análises, usamos os pressupostos da Teoria Clássica dos Testes, a taxonomia de Bloom e o coeficiente de fidedignidade alfa de Cronbach. Os itens se mostraram fáceis (índice de dificuldade média entre 0,3-0,4), com discriminação de regular a boa (índice de discriminação entre 0,3-0,4) e com predomínio de questões de média a alta taxonomia. A confiabilidade se manteve substancial ao longo dos anos (>0,6). O ganho de conhecimento dos estudantes em cirurgia é progressivo e mais importante a partir do 3º ano do curso de graduação, chegando a aproximadamente 70-75% no 6º ano. Este arcabouço de aferições pode ser replicado em outros contextos para melhor compreensão do aprendizado dos estudantes e para qualificação dos processos avaliativos.

Abstract Objective: to describe the subnational implementation process of the certification for elimination of mother-to-child transmission of HIV and/or syphilis, its main barriers, challenges and opportunities. Methods: in 2022, indicators from the last full year for impact targets and the last two full years for process targets, available in national information systems, were evaluated; descriptive reports were analyzed and actions were acknowledged within four thematic axes, according to PAHO/WHO recommendations. Results: 43 municipalities ≥ 100,000 inhabitants were certified, covering 24.6 million inhabitants; one municipality achieved dual elimination (HIV-syphilis), 28 municipalities achieved elimination of HIV and 10 received silver tiers; regarding syphilis, one elimination was observed, along with 4 gold tiers, 13 silver tiers and 4 bronze tiers; a higher number of certifications was identified in the Southeast and South regions. Conclusion: barriers and challenges of the process were overcome through tripartite collaboration; the experience provided better integration of surveillance with care and improved actions aimed at preventing mother-to-child transmission.

Resumen Objetivo: describir el proceso de implementación subnacional de la certificación de eliminación de la transmisión vertical (TV) de sífilis y/o VIH, barreras, oportunidades y desafíos. Métodos: en 2022, se evaluaron indicadores del último año completo para la meta de impacto y de los dos últimos años para las de proceso en los sistemas de información; se analizaron informes descriptivos y se reconocieron acciones de cuatro ejes, según las recomendaciones de la OPS/OMS. Resultados: se certificaron 43 municipios ≥ 100.000 mil habitantes, cubriendo 24,6 millones de habitantes; un municipio logró la doble eliminación (VIH-sífilis), 28 la eliminación del VIH y 10 sellos plata; para sífilis, hubo una eliminación, 4 sellos oro, 13 plata y 4 bronce; las regiones Sudeste y Sur obtuvieron más certificaciones. Conclusión: barreras y desafíos fueron superados mediante la colaboración tripartita; la experiencia permitió la integración de la vigilancia con la atención y la cualificación de acciones para la prevención de la TV.

Resumo Objetivo: descrever o processo de implantação subnacional da certificação da eliminação da transmissão vertical de HIV e/ou sífilis, suas principais barreiras, desafios e oportunidades. Métodos: em 2022, foram avaliados indicadores do último ano completo para meta de impacto, e dos dois últimos anos completos para metas de processo, disponíveis nos sistemas nacionais de informações; foram analisados relatórios descritivos e reconhecidas ações em quatro eixos temáticos, conforme recomendações da OPAS/OMS. Resultados: 43 municípios ≥ 100 mil habitantes foram certificados, abrangendo 24,6 milhões de habitantes; um município alcançou dupla eliminação (HIV-sífilis), 28 alcançaram eliminação para HIV e 10, selos prata; para sífilis, houve uma eliminação, 4 selos ouro, 13 prata e 4 bronze; identificou-se maior número de certificações nas regiões Sudeste e Sul. Conclusão: barreiras e desafios do processo foram superados pela colaboração tripartite; a experiência proporcionou melhor integração da vigilância com a assistência e qualificação das ações para prevenção da transmissão vertical.