Abstract Epixylic bryophytes - colonizers of decaying logs - are the third most endangered group of these plants, but few studies have been focused on them. Thirty logs in the proximity of three trails in a nebular forest in the Serra da Bocaina National Park in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, were sampled. Our objective was to study and compare the composition of the communities in three levels of decomposition (10 plots per level): X = initial (solid wood and intact cortex); Y = intermediate (partially soft wood with cracks) and Z = advanced (completely soft wood with undefined shape). To compare the floristic relationships among plots, we used Sørensen’s similarity coefficient and phytosociological parameters. We found 74 species of bryophytes (40 genera and 24 families), 80% of which were pleurocarpous mosses. The results showed no preference of the species for any level of decomposition and no spatial structure (similarity x distance). We conclude that epixylic bryophyte species in Atlantic Forest are generalists and colonize different types of environments and substrates.

ABSTRACT The Herbarium VIES is one of the five botanical collections housed in Espírito Santo State and includes the second largest number of samples. The Bryophytes group was not studied for many years and had about only 120 exsiccates until 2019, however, the collection was reorganized, new studies are being carried out and currently almost 3,000 samples are deposited. And now it is the biggest bryophyte collection of the state. During this process, 242 specimens were identified and reported in this work, with 121 species, in addition to new records for the state. Therefore, this work expands the knowledge on the bryophyte’s diversity in Espírito Santo State and partially fills the gap in studies for this group in the state.

RESUMO O Herbário VIES é uma das cinco coleções botânicas presentes no Espírito Santo e contempla o segundo maior acervo do estado. O grupo das Briófitas não foi estudado durante anos e contava com apenas cerca de 120 exsicatas até o ano de 2019, entretanto a coleção passou por uma reorganização, novos estudos estão em andamento e atualmente apresenta quase 3.000 amostras depositadas e assim é atualmente o maior acervo de briófitas do estado. Durante este processo, 242 espécimes foram identificados e reportados neste trabalho, com 121 espécies, além de novos registros para o estado. Assim, este trabalho amplia o conhecimento da diversidade de briófitas presentes no Espírito Santo e preenche parte da lacuna de estudos para este grupo no Estado.

Abstract The Itatiaia National Park protects important Atlantic Forest remnants as well as a large number of rare bryophyte species. We reassessed the conservation status of 45 species of endemic and/or threatened mosses occurring in high-altitude fields in the Park. The conservation analysis followed the International Union for Conservation of Nature guidelines. The GeoCAT software was used to calculate the Extent of Occurrence (EOO) and Area of Occupancy (AOO). The threat vectors were characterized based on field observations and data from the literature. After the reassessment, 31 species were considered threatened, with 16 being considered vulnerable (VU), seven critically endangered (CR), and eight endangered (EN). Two species were considered “near threatened” (NT) and three were considered “data deficient” (DD), and seven were considered “least concern” (LC). The main threats in that region are wildfires and excessive tourism - factors that lower habitat quality and reduce their EOO and AOO. Recommendations to minimize imminent losses of the local bryoflora include incentives for research and microhabitat protection. Our results are designed to aid in the elaboration of conservation strategies for mosses in the Serra da Mantiqueira mountains.

Synopsis of the genus Brachymenium Schwägr. (Bryaceae) in Brazil). Bryaceae is a moss family with ten genera and 660 species worldwide. There are 54 species in four genera in Brazil. Brachymenium is the second largest genus and is characterized by the corticolous habit, erect capsules and rudimentar endostome. A revision of the genus is necessary due to the difficulty in identifying the taxa and to the poorly sampled Brazilian plants in literature. The aim of this work was to perform a taxonomic treatment of Brachymenium in Brazil, comprising diagnostic descriptions and illustrations, comments, maps and a key. Were analyzed 300 exsiccatae of Brachymenium from national and international herbaria and were recognized nine species. Five taxa were excluded from Brazil. Four species are endemic of Brazil: Brachymenium elimbatum, B. hornschuchianum, B. regnellii and B. sublinearis; another four are Neotropical: B. consimile, B. klotzschii, B. morasicum and B. radiculosum, and only one is Pantropical: B. acuminatum.

Bryaceae é uma família de musgos com dez gêneros e 660 espécies mundialmente. Para o Brasil há 54 espécies em quatro gêneros. Brachymenium é o segundo maior gênero e é caracterizado por apresentar hábito corticícola, cápsulas eretas e endóstoma com membrana basal alta e porção distal rudimentar. Há a necessidade de revisão do gênero em virtude da dificuldade de identificação dos táxons e da sub-amostragem de plantas brasileiras na literatura. O objetivo deste trabalho foi apresentar um tratamento taxonômico do gênero para o Brasil, contendo descrições e ilustrações diagnósticas, comentários, mapas e chave. Foram analisadas 300 exsicatas de Brachymenium de herbários brasileiros e internacionais e reconhecidas nove espécies. Foram excluídos cinco táxons do Brasil. Quatro espécies são endêmicas do Brasil: B. elimbatum, B. hornschuchianum, B. regnellii e B. sublinearis; quatro são Neotropicais: B. consimile, B. klotzschii, B. morasicum e B. radiculosum; B. acuminatum é Pantropical.

The campus of the Universidade Federal de São Carlos, in the municipality of Sorocaba, is composed of a forest remnant characterized by vegetation of seasonal semidecidual tropical forest and cerrado. We recorded 96 species of bryophytes in the area: 56 mosses (Fissidentaceae is the richest, with 11 spp.) and 40 liverworts (Lejeuneaceae is the most representative, with 21 spp.). Eight species are endemic to Brazil and two were mentioned for the first time in the State of São Paulo (Fissidens allionii Broth. and Lejeunea subsessilis Spruce). The predominance of corticolous species and mat life form indicate a strong relationship with the microclimate conditions of the environment, as well as the availability of substrate. The simultaneous presence of species from the Atlantic Forest and the Cerrado indicates an transition zone bryoflora, at the same time that subcosmopolitan and ruderal species with wide distribution express the secondary character of the forest remnant.

O campus da Universidade Federal de São Carlos do município de Sorocaba é composto por um remanescente florestal caracterizado por vegetação de mata estacional semidecidual e cerrado. Foram encontradas 96 espécies de briófitas na área: 56 musgos (sendo Fissidentaceae a família mais rica, com 11 spp.) e 40 hepáticas (sendo Lejeuneaceae a mais representativa, com 21 spp.). Oito espécies são endêmicas do Brasil e duas foram citadas pela primeira vez no Estado de São Paulo (Fissidens allionii Broth. e Lejeunea subsessilis Spruce). O predomínio de espécies corticícolas e da forma de vida em tapete indicam a forte relação com as condições microclimáticas do ambiente, assim como a disponibilidade de substrato. A presença simultânea de espécies da Mata Atlântica e do Cerrado indica uma área de transição, ao mesmo tempo que espécies de ampla distribuição, subcosmopolitas e ruderais expressam o caráter secundário do remanescente florestal.

ABSTRACT Andreaea subulata is a moss species that occurs throughout the Southern Hemisphere. In Brazil, it is restricted to high-altitude fields in the state of Rio de Janeiro. The last recorded collection of this species in the country was made 95 years ago in the Itatiaia National Park (INP). It was never seen or collected again since then and it was, therefore, considered ‘probably extinct’ in Brazil. Here we report the rediscovery of this species in the INP and provide information on its ecology and conservation status in Brazil (Critically Endangered) as well as conservation recommendations. The newly found population is very small and grows on granitic rocks in humid areas. The principal threat to the species in Brazil is habitat loss.

RESUMO Bryaceae é uma família de musgos com dez gêneros e 660 espécies mundialmente. Para o Brasil há 54 espécies em quatro gêneros. Brachymenium é o segundo maior gênero e é caracterizado por apresentar hábito corticícola, cápsulas eretas e endóstoma com membrana basal alta e porção distal rudimentar. Há a necessidade de revisão do gênero em virtude da dificuldade de identificação dos táxons e da sub-amostragem de plantas brasileiras na literatura. O objetivo deste trabalho foi apresentar um tratamento taxonômico do gênero para o Brasil, contendo descrições e ilustrações diagnósticas, comentários, mapas e chave. Foram analisadas 300 exsicatas de Brachymenium de herbários brasileiros e internacionais e reconhecidas nove espécies. Foram excluídos cinco táxons do Brasil. Quatro espécies são endêmicas do Brasil: B. elimbatum, B. hornschuchianum, B. regnellii e B. sublinearis; quatro são Neotropicais: B. consimile, B. klotzschii, B. morasicum e B. radiculosum; B. acuminatum é Pantropical.

ABSTRACT Bryaceae is a moss family with ten genera and 660 species worldwide. There are 54 species in four genera in Brazil. Brachymenium is the second largest genus and is characterized by the corticolous habit, erect capsules and rudimentar endostome. A revision of the genus is necessary due to the difficulty in identifying the taxa and to the poorly sampled Brazilian plants in literature. The aim of this work was to perform a taxonomic treatment of Brachymenium in Brazil, comprising diagnostic descriptions and illustrations, comments, maps and a key. Were analyzed 300 exsiccatae of Brachymenium from national and international herbaria and were recognized nine species. Five taxa were excluded from Brazil. Four species are endemic of Brazil: Brachymenium elimbatum, B. hornschuchianum, B. regnellii and B. sublinearis; another four are Neotropical: B. consimile, B. klotzschii, B. morasicum and B. radiculosum, and only one is Pantropical: B. acuminatum.

ABSTRACT Bryaceae is a species-rich moss family comprising ten genera and 660 species, with four genera and 54 species occurring in Brazil. Bryum is the largest genus, with 440 cosmopolitan species, while Anomobryum comprises 47 cosmopolitan species. Identifying taxa in Bryaceae is usually a difficult task, mainly due to the lack of the sporophyte in herborized specimens. This study aimed to provide a taxonomic treatment for the species of Anomobryum and Bryum in Brazil. Field expeditions were performed in all Brazilian biomes and States, with specimens deposited in the SP herbarium. We examined type specimens and collections from national and international herbaria, but mostly from the SP herbarium. Two species of Anomobryum and 18 species of Bryum were recorded for Brazil. Twenty species occur in the Atlantic Forest, with Bryum pallescens, Anomobryum conicum and A. julaceum being exclusives. Bryum pallescens is a new record for Brazil, and B. riparioides is a reestablished name also endemic to Brazil. We present the first description of the sexuality of Bryum renauldii. Ten taxa of doubtful occurrence and 20 excluded names for Bryum were reported for Brazil.

RESUMO O campus da Universidade Federal de São Carlos do município de Sorocaba é composto por um remanescente florestal caracterizado por vegetação de mata estacional semidecidual e cerrado. Foram encontradas 96 espécies de briófitas na área: 56 musgos (sendo Fissidentaceae a família mais rica, com 11 spp.) e 40 hepáticas (sendo Lejeuneaceae a mais representativa, com 21 spp.). Oito espécies são endêmicas do Brasil e duas foram citadas pela primeira vez no Estado de São Paulo (Fissidens allionii Broth. e Lejeunea subsessilis Spruce). O predomínio de espécies corticícolas e da forma de vida em tapete indicam a forte relação com as condições microclimáticas do ambiente, assim como a disponibilidade de substrato. A presença simultânea de espécies da Mata Atlântica e do Cerrado indica uma área de transição, ao mesmo tempo que espécies de ampla distribuição, subcosmopolitas e ruderais expressam o caráter secundário do remanescente florestal.

ABSTRACT The campus of the Universidade Federal de São Carlos, in the municipality of Sorocaba, is composed of a forest remnant characterized by vegetation of seasonal semidecidual tropical forest and cerrado. We recorded 96 species of bryophytes in the area: 56 mosses (Fissidentaceae is the richest, with 11 spp.) and 40 liverworts (Lejeuneaceae is the most representative, with 21 spp.). Eight species are endemic to Brazil and two were mentioned for the first time in the State of São Paulo (Fissidens allionii Broth. and Lejeunea subsessilis Spruce). The predominance of corticolous species and mat life form indicate a strong relationship with the microclimate conditions of the environment, as well as the availability of substrate. The simultaneous presence of species from the Atlantic Forest and the Cerrado indicates an transition zone bryoflora, at the same time that subcosmopolitan and ruderal species with wide distribution express the secondary character of the forest remnant.

ABSTRACT Rio Turvo State Park (RTSP) is a Conservation Unit located within the Atlantic Forest biome in the Vale do Ribeira region of the State of São Paulo, Brazil. Considering the lack of knowledge regarding its bryoflora, we performed a floristic inventory of RTSP (following the random-walk method), the results of which we report here including discussion of the geographical distribution (Brazil and worldwide), substrate colonization, life forms and reproduction of the species. We found a total of 414 species, which represents 30 % of all known bryophyte species in Brazil. Dioicous species were predominant over monoicous species, the most colonized substrate was tree trunk (40 % of all species) and the predominant life form was mat (47 %), indicating that the floristic composition is influenced by the environmental conditions of the area (high humidity, dense vegetation and shading). Although anthropogenic intervention is present in RTSP, it harbors huge biodiverse potential, since 22 % of the species are rare. Furthermore, 16 new occurrences were recorded for the State of São Paulo. The information provided by this study exalts the importance of this Conservation Unit in the preservation of bryophytes, as well as all the biodiversity of its included ecosystems.

Bryophyta, the mosses, are an abundant plant group in humid environments. In the Atlantic Coastal Forest of Southeastern Brazil, they are found in great richness and diversity, especially in the montane regions.  In this context, the Parque Nacional do Caparaó, where our study was conducted, is known for its mountain environment and high altitude. Although a considerable number of moss collections from the western part of the park is already deposited in herbaria, the eastern side belonging to the state of Espírito Santo State had been undersampled until now. For this pioneering work, we covered the park's main visitation trails during three intensive days of collections. We found 59 species of mosses, belonging to 38 genera and 22 families. Nine species are new occurrences for the state and 14 are Brazilian endemics. Most species were found growing on soil. We found more species at altitudes above 1,500 m a.s.l. Sematophyllaceae was the richest moss family.

No Brasil, os musgos (Bryophyta) são encontrados com maior riqueza e diversidade na Mata Atlântica, especialmente em ambientes montanhosos e úmidos como o encontrado no Parque Nacional do Caparaó.  A coleta do material foi realizada durante três dias onde percorremos as principais trilhas de visitação do parque. Foram identificadas 59 espécies pertencentes a 38 gêneros e 22 famílias. Nove espécies são novas ocorrências para o Estado e 14 são endêmicas do país. A família mais rica em espécies foi Sematophyllaceae. As espécies terrícolas são as mais frequentes. A maior riqueza de espécies foi observada em altitudes acima de 1.500 m alt. Embora se tenha considerável número de coletas depositadas nos herbários, oriundos da porção oeste do parque, este é um trabalho pioneiro na região que se estende pelo Espírito Santo.

Summary Background and aims : A list of mosses recorded in Punta Lara Natural Reserve (Buenos Aires, Argentina) is presented, increasing the knowledge of the diversity and distribution of mosses in the country. M&M : The specimens were collected and identified according to conventional taxonomic criteria and deposited in the Herbarium of the Spegazzini Institute (LPS). Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) records were consulted as a source of information about the species distribution. Results : Fifteen species of mosses distributed in 11 families were identified in Punta Lara Natural Reserve. The genus Thamnomalia Olsson, Enroth & Quandt, represented by Thamnomalia glabella (Hedw.) Olsson, Enroth & Quandt and the species Sematophyllum adnatum (Michx.) E. Britton are recorded for the first time for Argentina. Discussion and Conclusions : Two species are new records for Argentina and 11 species are recorded for the first time for Buenos Aires province. Several species are tropical, extending their distribution towards temperate regions.

Resumen Introducción y objetivos : Se presenta una lista de musgos registrados en la Reserva Natural Punta Lara (Buenos Aires, Argentina) con el objetivo de ampliar el conocimiento sobre la distribución de las especies presentes en el país. M&M : Los especímenes fueron recolectados e identificados de acuerdo a los criterios taxonómicos convencionales y depositados en el Herbario del Instituto Spegazzini (LPS). Registros del Servicio de Información sobre la Diversidad Biológica Mundial (GBIF) fueron consultados como fuente de información sobre la distribución de las especies. Resultados : Como resultado de este estudio se identificaron 15 especies de musgos pertenecientes a 11 familias en la Reserva Natural Punta Lara. Se cita por primera vez para Argentina la especie Sematophyllum adnatum (Michx.) E. Britton y el género Thamnomalia Olsson, Enroth & Quandt, representado por Thamnomalia glabella (Hedw.) Olsson, Enroth & Quandt. Discusión y Conclusiones : En este trabajo se registran dos nuevas citas para la Argentina y 11 nuevas menciones para la provincia de Buenos Aires. Varias de las especies recolectadas son tropicales, ampliando su distribución hacia regiones templadas.

Porotrichum squarrosum has never been reported from Brazil and it is a new record. While revising herbarium specimens we found a specimen named Pireella squarrosa (currently  Porotrichum), identified by Massimo Mastracci. We have compared this specimen with records from literature and several hundreds of specimens and found that among specimens previously determined as P. substriatum several belong to P. squarrosum. These taxa are a quite common in Brazil ranging from Amazon, Atlantic Forest to Cerrado phytogeographical domains at elevations from near sea level to about 600 m. These taxa are fast differentiated by the squarrose leaves, spur costa at back and absence of stem central strand in P. squarrosum against to complanate leaves, without spurowed costa at back and presence of central strand in P. substriatum.

Porotrichum squarrosum nunca foi reportado para o Brasil e trata-se de um novo registro. Durante a revisão de espécimes de herbário, o nome Pireella squarrosa (atualmente Porotrichum), identificado por Massimo Mastracci foi encontrado em algumas plantas. Após a comparação com literatura e centenas de espécimens de herbário, verificamos que P. squarrosum é uma espécie comum no Brasil, ocorrendo desde o domínio fitogeográfico da Amazônia até a Mata Atlântica e Cerrado em elevações desde o nível do mar até próximo 600 m. Esses táxons são rapidamente diferenciados pelos filídios esquarrosos, costa com esporão dorsal e ausência de banda central de estereides no caulídio em P. squarrosum em contraposição a filídios complanados, sem costa esporada dorsalmente e presença de banda central de estereides no caulídio em P. substriatum.

The moss genus Ochrobryum was chosen for this phenological study because of its wide range in the Brazilian territory markedly in Cerrado areas and there, without ecological studies and a significant number of samples in SP Herbarium. We analyzed 302 exsiccatae (totaling 906 individuals - three individuals per exsiccatae), and observed  phenological patterns with alternance of the reproductive structures within the seasonal periods of the year. The sexual reproduction in Ochrobryum is highly related to the rainy periods and the asexual reproduction present uninterruptedly with an increase in the dry season. Our results demonstrate that Ochrobryum has a seasonal alternation of colonization strategies.

O gênero de musgos Ochrobryum foi escolhido para este estudo fenológico porque possui uma ampla distribuição no Brasil, especialmente nas áreas de Cerrado; nunca foi estudado do ponto de vista ecológico e possui número significativo de amostras no Herbário SP. Nós analisamos 302 exsicatas (totalizando 906 indivíduos - três indivíduos por exsicata), e encontramos padrões fenológicos e alternância de estruturas reprodutivas em relação a sazonalidade. A reprodução sexual em Ochrobryum está relacionada com os períodos chuvosos e a reprodução assexual ocorre em todas as épocas do ano com aumento na estação seca. Nossos resultados demonstram que Ochrobryum alterna seu potencial de colonização sazonalmente.

The Serra da Bocaina National Park is located between the States of São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro, being the only PARNA in the State of São Paulo. We found 485 species of bryophytes, with Lejeuneaceae as the richest family with 93 species. Bryaceae presented the largest number of moss species, with 23 species. Forty seven species are new records for the São Paulo State. Among all the collected species, 43% are restricted to the Atlantic Forest, 31% are Brazilian endemic and 155 are considered rare in Brazil. The species number represents the importance of this Park to the preservation of the bryophyte species in Brazil and for future work in Serra da Bocaina.

O Parque Nacional da Serra da Bocaina está localizado entre os Estados de São Paulo e do Rio de Janeiro, sendo o único PARNA do Estado de São Paulo. Foram encontradas 485 espécies de briófitas, sendo Lejeuneaceae a família com a maior riqueza encontrada, com 93 espécies. Para os musgos, a família Bryaceae apresentou 23 espécies. Encontramos 47 espécies como novas ocorrências para o Estado de São Paulo. Dentre todas as espécies coletadas, 43% possuem ocorrência restrita à Mata Atlântica, 31% são endêmicas do Brasil e 155 espécies apresentam ocorrência rara no Brasil. Estes números mostram a importância deste Parque para a preservação das espécies de briófitas do país e para a realização de futuros trabalhos na área.