Abstract Objective: to assess the association between caregivers’ mental disorders and schoolchildren’s obesogenic eating behavior. Methods: cross-sectional study used a public school-based sample of children and their primary caregivers. Caregivers had to report depressive episodes or generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) during the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). Children’s obesogenic eating behavior were assessed using food responsiveness (FR) and emotional overeating (EOE) subscales of the Children’s Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (CEBQ). Bivariate analysis was conducted using the t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation, and adjusted linear regression model was used (including variables caregivers: sex, age, economic indicator, and schooling; schoolchildren: sex and nutritional status). Results: study includes 596 children-caregiver dyads (309 boys and 287 girls). Among caregivers, 24.7% had experienced current depressive episodes, 38.7% had past depressive episodes, and 17.2% had GAD. We observed, after adjusted analysis, that having a caregiver in a current depressive episode, increases schoolchildren’s obesogenic behavior of, for FR at 0.235 points (β=0.235; CI95%=0.022-0.449;) and EOE at 0.337 points (β=0.337; CI95%=0.162-0.512). Conclusion: caregivers’ current depressive episodes were associated with higher averages of obesogenic eating behavior (caregiver-reported), both in consuming palatable food without feeling hungry (FR) and in increasing food intake in response to negative emotions (EOE).

Resumo Objetivos: avaliar associação entre transtornos mentais do cuidador e comportamento alimentar obesogênico de escolares. Métodos: estudo transversal com amostra de crianças da rede pública de ensino e seu cuidador principal. Episódio depressivo atual e transtorno de ansiedade generalizada (TAG) do cuidador foi avaliado pela Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). Comportamentos alimentares obesogênicos das crianças foi avaliado pelas subescalas resposta à comida (FR) e sobreingestão emocional (EOE) Children’s Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (CEBQ). Análise bivariada foi realizada por meio de teste-T, ANOVA e correlação de Pearson. Modelo de regressão linear ajustado (incluiu variáveis cuidadores: sexo, idade, indicador econômico e escolaridade; escolares: sexo e estado nutricional). Resultados: foram avaliadas 596 díades crianças-cuidadores (309 meninos e 287 meninas). Entre os cuidadores, 24,7% apresentaram episódio depressivo atual, 38,7% episódio depressivo passado e 17,2% TAG. Observamos, após análise ajustada, que ter um cuidador em episódio depressivo atual aumenta o comportamento obesogênico dos escolares, em 0,235 pontos para FR (β=0,235; IC95%=0,022-0,449) e em 0,337 pontos para EOE (β=0,337; IC95%=0,162-0,512). Conclusão: episódio depressivo atual do cuidador foi associado a maiores médias de comportamentos alimentares obesogênicos dos escolares, tanto no consumo de alimentos palatáveis mesmo sem fome (FR) quanto aumento da ingestão alimentar em resposta a emoções negativas (EOE).

ABSTRACT Objective To analyze telemedicine diagnostic accuracy in patients with respiratory infections during COVID-19 pandemic compared to face-to-face evaluation in the emergency department. Methods Randomized, unicentric study between September 2020 and November 2020 in patients with any respiratory symptom (exclusion criteria: age >65 years, chronic heart or lung diseases, immunosuppressed). Patients were randomized 1:1 for brief telemedicine followed by face-to-face consultation or direct face-to-face evaluation. The primary endpoint was the International Classification of Diseases code. The secondary analysis comprised length of stay, diagnostic test ordering, medical prescription, and proposed destination. Results Ninety-eight patients were enrolled. The mean age was 36.3±9.7 years old, 57.1% were women, and 81.6% had diagnostic test ordered. Mean grouped by International Classification of Diseases code for upper respiratory tract infection, pharyngotonsillitis, and sinusitis showed no difference between study groups or secondary endpoints. The Telemedicine Group was representative of the population usually evaluated in this center. In the Telemedicine Group (n=48), 18.7% patients would be referred for evaluation at the emergency department. The distribution of diagnoses by telemedicine was 67.4% for upper respiratory tract infection, 2.3% for pharyngotonsillitis, and 0% for sinusitis, being statistically similar to the subsequent face-to-face assessment, respectively: 72.1%, 11.6% and 7% (Kappa 0.386 [95%CI: 0.112-0.66]; p=0.536). Telemedicine ordered COVID-19 molecular (RT-PCR) tests in 76.5% versus 79.4% in face-to-face evaluation (Kappa 0.715 [95%CI: 0.413-1]; p>0.999). Conclusion Diagnostic telemedicine consultation of low-risk patients with acute respiratory symptoms is not inferior to face-to-face evaluation at emergency department. Telemedicine is to be reinforced in the health care system as a strategy for the initial assessment of acute patients. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04806477

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a relação entre tabagismo e composição corporal em pacientes com HIV/AIDS em terapia antirretroviral combinada (TARVc). Trata-se de um estudo transversal com portadores de HIV acompanhados em um serviço de atendimento especializado localizado no Sul do Brasil. O instrumento Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST) foi utilizado para avaliar o uso de tabaco e outras substâncias psicoativas. O índice de massa corporal (IMC) foi calculado como a razão do peso corporal (em quilogramas) pela altura ao quadrado (em metros). Os pacientes também tiveram sua composição corporal avaliada com uma impedância bioelétrica de múltiplas frequências (Bodystat® Quadscan 4000, RU) a fim de estimar o índice de massa muscular esquelética. No total, 320 sujeitos foram incluídos no estudo. A prevalência de tabagismo foi de 54,7%. O tabagismo foi associado à desnutrição, menores escores do índice de massa corporal e menor índice de massa muscular esquelética. Conclui-se que há uma alta prevalência de tabagismo entre pacientes com HIV/AIDS e que esse comportamento está associado a pior composição corporal. Assim, sugere-se a implementação de estratégias de apoio à cessação do tabagismo entre pessoas com HIV/AIDS.

Abstract This study aimed to assess the association between tobacco smoking and body composition in patients with HIV/AIDS in combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). This is a cross-sectional study with people of HIV followed in specialized care service for HIV patients located in the South of Brazil. The Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST) was used to assess smoking and other psychoactive substance use. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated as the ratio of body weight (in kilograms) to squared height (in meters). Patients also had their body composition evaluated with a multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance (Bodystat® Quadscan 4000, RU) to estimate skeletal muscle index (SMI). In total, 320 subjects were included in the study. The prevalence of smoking was 54.7%. Tobacco smoking was associated with malnutrition, lower body mass index scores, and lower skeletal muscle mass index. It is concluded that there is a high prevalence of smoking among patients with HIV/AIDS and that this behavior is associated with worse body composition. Thus, it is suggested to implement strategies to support smoking cessation among people with HIV/AIDS.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a relação entre tabagismo e composição corporal em pacientes com HIV/AIDS em terapia antirretroviral combinada (TARVc). Trata-se de um estudo transversal com portadores de HIV acompanhados em um serviço de atendimento especializado localizado no Sul do Brasil. O instrumento Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST) foi utilizado para avaliar o uso de tabaco e outras substâncias psicoativas. O índice de massa corporal (IMC) foi calculado como a razão do peso corporal (em quilogramas) pela altura ao quadrado (em metros). Os pacientes também tiveram sua composição corporal avaliada com uma impedância bioelétrica de múltiplas frequências (Bodystat® Quadscan 4000, RU) a fim de estimar o índice de massa muscular esquelética. No total, 320 sujeitos foram incluídos no estudo. A prevalência de tabagismo foi de 54,7%. O tabagismo foi associado à desnutrição, menores escores do índice de massa corporal e menor índice de massa muscular esquelética. Conclui-se que há uma alta prevalência de tabagismo entre pacientes com HIV/AIDS e que esse comportamento está associado a pior composição corporal. Assim, sugere-se a implementação de estratégias de apoio à cessação do tabagismo entre pessoas com HIV/AIDS.

Abstract This study aimed to assess the association between tobacco smoking and body composition in patients with HIV/AIDS in combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). This is a cross-sectional study with people of HIV followed in specialized care service for HIV patients located in the South of Brazil. The Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST) was used to assess smoking and other psychoactive substance use. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated as the ratio of body weight (in kilograms) to squared height (in meters). Patients also had their body composition evaluated with a multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance (Bodystat® Quadscan 4000, RU) to estimate skeletal muscle index (SMI). In total, 320 subjects were included in the study. The prevalence of smoking was 54.7%. Tobacco smoking was associated with malnutrition, lower body mass index scores, and lower skeletal muscle mass index. It is concluded that there is a high prevalence of smoking among patients with HIV/AIDS and that this behavior is associated with worse body composition. Thus, it is suggested to implement strategies to support smoking cessation among people with HIV/AIDS.

RESUMO. A esquizofrenia e os transtornos mentais comuns são uma preocupação social e econômica notável em todo o mundo. Estudos epidemiológicos sobre o impacto de transtornos mentais específicos em países emergentes são escassos. Objetivos: Nosso objetivo foi caracterizar a carga demográfica, social e econômica de pacientes com esquizofrenia e transtornos mentais comuns no sistema de saúde no Brasil. Métodos: Os dados sobre essas condições no Brasil entre 2008 e 2019 foram coletados por meio do site do Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde (DATASUS), mantido pelo Ministério da Saúde do Brasil. As internações hospitalares anuais médias foram de 154.009,67, e a incidência acumulada de 77,44 internações por 100.000 habitantes. Resultados: As despesas hospitalares médias anuais foram de US$ 67.216.056,04, com um custo médio de internação de US$ 432,58. As faixas etárias mais afetadas foram os adultos mais velhos, embora os mais jovens tenham demonstrado tendência a aumento de ocorrências nos últimos anos. Houve um número maior de admissões entre os homens em comparação às mulheres. Conclusões: Consideramos importantes os resultados obtidos para auxiliar na avaliação e orientação de políticas públicas de prevenção e tratamento nos sistemas de saúde.

ABSTRACT. Schizophrenia and common mental disorders are noteworthy social and economic concern worldwide. Epidemiologic studies on the impact of specific mental disorders in emerging countries are scarce. Objectives: We aimed to characterize the demographic, social, and economic burden of schizophrenia and common mental disorders patients in the health system in Brazil. Methods: Data on these conditions in Brazil between 2008 and 2019 were collected through the website of the Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde (Information Technology Department of the Unified Health System - DATASUS) maintained by the Brazilian Ministry of Health. Mean annual hospital admissions were 154,009.67, and cumulative incidence of 77.44 admissions per 100,000 inhabitants. Results: Average annual hospital expenses were US$ 67,216,056.04, with an average admission cost of US$ 432.58. The most affected age groups were older adults albeit younger individuals showed a trend towards increase of occurrences in recent years. There were a higher number of admissions in men compared to women. Conclusions: We consider the results obtained important to assist in evaluating and guiding public policies regarding the prevention and treatment in health systems.

Abstract Introduction Childhood trauma has been suggested to be involved in susceptibility to bipolar disorder (BP). However, it remains unclear whether the occurrence of childhood trauma is differently distributed in subthreshold bipolar disorder (SBP). Objective To assess childhood trauma in young adults with SBP, as compared to young adults with BP and population controls (PC). Method This was a cross-sectional, population-based study. The Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) was used to define the groups with BP (subjects with a lifetime or current manic episode or lifetime or current hypomania with a history of a depressive episode), SBP (subjects with a history of hypomanic episode without lifetime or current depressive episode), and subjects without mood disorders (PC). Childhood trauma was assessed using de Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). We investigated differences regarding childhood trauma across the three groups (BP, SBP and PC). Result Except for sexual abuse, all subtypes of childhood trauma remained associated with the BP group as compared to PC. Additionally, when we compared SBP and BP, significant differences were found only for emotional abuse. No significant differences were found in relation to childhood trauma between the SBP and PC groups after adjusting for confounding factors. Conclusion These findings suggest that investigating childhood trauma, with a particular focus on emotional abuse, could be considered a preventive measure and potentially improve the prognosis.

Resumo Avaliar a satisfação profissional e a sobrecarga de trabalho dos enfermeiros atuantes em serviços de saúde mental e realizar uma comparação em relação aos demais profissionais do serviço. Estudo transversal, com amostragem por critério de conveniência, realizado em 2016 com 61 profissionais da área de saúde mental dos Centros de atenção psicossocial de um município localizado no extremo sul do Brasil. Para coleta de dados foi aplicado um questionário sociodemográfico e as Escalas de avaliação do impacto do trabalho (Impacto-Br) e de satisfação da equipe (Satis-Br). A análise dos dados foi realizada através do programa SPSS 21.0.O nível de sobrecarga global dos enfermeiros foi de 2,92 ± 0,42 e de satisfação global de 3,38 ± 0,51. Quando avaliado os escores na escala Satis-Br, houve uma diminuição estatisticamente significativa nos níveis de satisfação dos enfermeiros (3,36 ± 0,77) em relação aos demais profissionais atuantes no serviço (3,78 ± 0,56) no escore qualidade dos serviços oferecido (p = 0,04). O fator que promoveu maior nível de sobrecarga de trabalho entre os enfermeiros estão relacionados ao sentimento de se sentir fisicamente cansado (2,99 ± 0,92). Já o fator que promoveu maior satisfação profissional está relacionado ao bom relacionamento com a equipe (4,06 ± 0,65).

Abstract This study assessed job satisfaction and work overload among doctors, nurses, psychologists, and nursing technicians working in community mental health services and conducted a comparison between nurses and other healthcare professionals. Using convenience sampling, a cross-sectional study was conducted with 61 healthcare professionals working in psychosocial care centers in a municipality located in the South Region of Brazil. Data was collected using a sociodemographic questionnaire, work impact assessment scale (Impacto - Br), and mental health professional satisfaction scale (Satis - Br). Data analysis was performed using the statistical software package SPSS 21.0. The average overall work overload score of nurses was 2.92 ± 0.42 and the average overall job satisfaction score was 3.38 ± 0.51. The level of satisfaction of nurses with the quality of services provided was lower than that of other professionals (3.36 ± 0.77 compared to 3.78 ± 0.56, respectively; p = 0.04). The factor that had the greatest negative influence on work overload among nurses was feeling physically tired (2.99 ± 0.92), while the factor that had the greatest positive influence on job satisfaction was good working relationships (4.06 ± 0.65).

Resumo Avaliar a satisfação profissional e a sobrecarga de trabalho dos enfermeiros atuantes em serviços de saúde mental e realizar uma comparação em relação aos demais profissionais do serviço. Estudo transversal, com amostragem por critério de conveniência, realizado em 2016 com 61 profissionais da área de saúde mental dos Centros de atenção psicossocial de um município localizado no extremo sul do Brasil. Para coleta de dados foi aplicado um questionário sociodemográfico e as Escalas de avaliação do impacto do trabalho (Impacto-Br) e de satisfação da equipe (Satis-Br). A análise dos dados foi realizada através do programa SPSS 21.0.O nível de sobrecarga global dos enfermeiros foi de 2,92 ± 0,42 e de satisfação global de 3,38 ± 0,51. Quando avaliado os escores na escala Satis-Br, houve uma diminuição estatisticamente significativa nos níveis de satisfação dos enfermeiros (3,36 ± 0,77) em relação aos demais profissionais atuantes no serviço (3,78 ± 0,56) no escore qualidade dos serviços oferecido (p = 0,04). O fator que promoveu maior nível de sobrecarga de trabalho entre os enfermeiros estão relacionados ao sentimento de se sentir fisicamente cansado (2,99 ± 0,92). Já o fator que promoveu maior satisfação profissional está relacionado ao bom relacionamento com a equipe (4,06 ± 0,65).

Abstract This study assessed job satisfaction and work overload among doctors, nurses, psychologists, and nursing technicians working in community mental health services and conducted a comparison between nurses and other healthcare professionals. Using convenience sampling, a cross-sectional study was conducted with 61 healthcare professionals working in psychosocial care centers in a municipality located in the South Region of Brazil. Data was collected using a sociodemographic questionnaire, work impact assessment scale (Impacto - Br), and mental health professional satisfaction scale (Satis - Br). Data analysis was performed using the statistical software package SPSS 21.0. The average overall work overload score of nurses was 2.92 ± 0.42 and the average overall job satisfaction score was 3.38 ± 0.51. The level of satisfaction of nurses with the quality of services provided was lower than that of other professionals (3.36 ± 0.77 compared to 3.78 ± 0.56, respectively; p = 0.04). The factor that had the greatest negative influence on work overload among nurses was feeling physically tired (2.99 ± 0.92), while the factor that had the greatest positive influence on job satisfaction was good working relationships (4.06 ± 0.65).

Objective: To identify the association of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and psychiatric disorders in young adults in southern Brazil. Methods: This population based cross-sectional study involved a total of 1,023 young adults between the ages of 21 and 32 years. Current episodes of psychiatric disorders were assessed using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview – Plus version. MetS was evaluated using the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP/ATP III). Results: Of the 1,023 participants, 24.3% were identified with MetS, 13.5% were diagnosed with anxiety disorders, 7.5% with current depression, 3.9% with bipolar disorders and 10.1% were at risk of suicide. MetS was associated with ethnicity (p = 0.022), excess weight (p < 0.001), current anxiety disorders (p < 0.001), current mood disorders (bipolar disorder in mood episode and current depression) (p < 0.001), and suicide risk (p < 0.001). Conclusions: MetS was associated with psychiatric disorders. Awareness of factors associated with MetS can help identify high-risk individuals and stimulate disease prevention and control programs, as well as lifestyle changes.

INTRODUÇÃO: O ambiente das academias favorece a disseminação de padrões estéticos estereotipados, levando muitos frequentadores a desenvolver hábitos alimentares inadequados e, muitas vezes, recorrer à utilização de suplementos alimentares. Ainda existe muita falta de informação e orientação em relação à nutrição ideal, o que pode prejudicar o desempenho desportivo.OBJETIVO: Avaliar o uso de suplementos alimentares, consumo alimentar e conhecimento nutricional dos praticantes de exercícios físicos da cidade de Pelotas, RS, Brasil.MÉTODOS: O grupo de estudo constitui-se de 60 indivíduos que responderam a um questionário e a um recordatório de 24 horas. A média de idade dos indivíduos foi 23,28 ± 3,37 anos e a grande maioria era composta por estudantes e profissionais com nível superior completo (83,3%).RESULTADOS: Verificou-se que 31,7% utilizavam algum tipo de suplemento alimentar, sendo em sua maioria homens (78,9%). Aminoácidos ou concentrados protéicos foram os mais consumidos. A fonte de indicação mais citada foram os instrutores e professores de Educação Física, seguida de autoindicação. A análise das dietas mostrou-se hipoglicídica, hiperprotéica e hiperlipídica. Houve relação estatística significativa entre o uso de suplementos alimentares e o consumo de proteínas acima do percentual recomendado (p=0,003). A população demonstrou moderado conhecimento quanto a conceitos básicos na área de nutrição e dificuldade em relacionar o alimento com sua fonte.CONCLUSÃO: Ressalta-se a necessidade de orientação nutricional, auxiliando os frequentadores de academia a atingir seus objetivos bem como o esclarecimento de dúvidas, visando melhorar o desempenho desportivo com os benefícios de uma alimentação adequada.

INTRODUCTION: Gyms environment encourages the spreading of stereotyped esthetic patterns, leading many practitioners to develop inadequate eating habits, and, in many occasions, use nutritional supplements. There is also lack of information and orientation about ideal nutrition, which can damage sport performance.OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of feed supplements, food consumption and nutritional knowledge of physical exercise practitioners from the city of Pelotas, RS, Brazil.METHODS: The study group was composed of 60 individuals who answered a questionnaire and a 24 hour-memo. The mean age was 23.28 ± 3.37 years old and the great majority was composed by students and professionals with complete higher education (83.3%).RESULTS: It was verified that 31.7% of the individuals used some kind of feed supplement, mostly men (78.9%). Amino acids or concentrated protein were the most consumed. The most frequently mentioned source was the physical education instructors, followed by self-prescription. The analyses have shown diets to be hypoglycemic, hyperproteic and hyperlipidic. There was a statistically significant relationship between the use of feed supplements and protein consumption above the recommended percentage (p=0,003). The population has demonstrated a moderate knowledge regarding basic concepts on nutrition and difficulty in relating food and its source.CONCLUSION: It should be highlighted the need of having nutritional orientation in order to help sports practitioners achieve their goals as well as clarifying doubts, aiming a better sport performance with the benefits of an adequate nutrition

INTRODUCCIÓN: El ambiente de los gimnasios favorece la diseminación de estándares estéticos estereotipados, llevando a muchos frecuentadores a desarrollar hábitos alimentarios inadecuados y con frecuencia recurren al uso de suplementos alimentarios. Aún existe mucha falta de información y orientación en relación a la forma ideal de nutrición, lo que puede perjudicar el desempeño deportivo.OBJETIVO: Evaluar el uso de los suplementos alimentarios, el consumo alimentario y el conocimiento nutricional de los practicantes de ejercicios físicos en la ciudad de Pelotas-RS, Brasil.MÉTODOS: El grupo de estudio consistió en 60 individuos que respondieron a un cuestionario y un recordatorio de 24 horas. El promedio de edad de los individuos fue de 23,28 ± 3,37 años y la gran mayoría compuesta por estudiantes y profesionales con nivel superior completo (83,3%).RESULTADOS: Se verificó que 31,7% utilizaban algún tipo de suplemento alimentario, siendo en su mayoría hombres (78,9%). Aminoácidos o concentrados proteicos fueron los más consumidos. Las fuentes de indicación más citadas fueron los instructores y profesores de educación física, seguida de auto indicación. El análisis de dietas mostró ser hipoglicídica, hiperproteica e hiperlipídica. Hubo relación estadística significativa entre el uso de suplementos alimentarios y el consumo de proteínas por encima del porcentual recomendado (p = 0,003). La población demostró moderado conocimiento acerca de los conceptos básicos en el área de nutrición y dificultad en relacionar el alimento con su fuente.CONCLUSIÓN: Se destaca la necesidad de orientación nutricional, auxiliando a los frecuentadores de gimnasios a alcanzar sus objetivos, así como la resolución de dudas, para mejorar el desempeño deportivo con los beneficios de una alimentación adecuada.