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ABSTRACT: Considering the practice of using ‘brewer’s yeast’ (BY) - liquid brewery yeast waste from the brewing industry - in animal feed in some establishments in the south of the State of Rio de Janeiro in Brazil, this study was conducted to establish safety margins and to determine epidemiological and clinical aspects. In addition, this study suggested prophylactic measures that can prevent or minimise alcohol intoxication due to BY in sheep and swine. The main characteristics of the clinical features in both natural poisoning and controlled spontaneous ingestion in swine as well as intoxication by controlled ingestion of BY using a ruminal probe in sheep were found to be staggering gait, tripping and falls. Overall, 3.8 and 8.875mL/kg of ethanol content in the BY caused mild-moderate and severe clinical conditions, respectively, in swine and sheep. The following prophylactic measures are suggested: 1. BY must be adequately diluted in water, whey, or with BY that has been previously stored in the property (old BY); 2. It must be administered in proportion to the animals’ weight and size. 3. It must be administered continuously, without interruptions, and with the provision of other food in the trough (such as soybean meal or cornmeal and water ad libitum). In conclusion, although BY is increasingly used in sheep and swine breeding properties - in the south of the State of Rio de Janeiro - many owners use one or more of the suggested prophylactic measures. Hence, ethanol intoxications because of BY are infrequent and rarely cause deaths; therefore, BY can be used provided adequate prophylactic measures are followed.

RESUMO: Considerando-se à prática de utilizar “levedo de cerveja” (LC) - resíduo líquido da indústria cervejeira - na alimentação de animais, em alguns estabelecimentos no sul do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, esse estudo foi realizado para estabelecer as margens de segurança e os quadros epidemiológico e clínico, bem como sugerir medidas profiláticas que impeçam ou minimizem esse tipo de intoxicação alcoólica para ovinos e suínos. Verificou-se que o quadro clínico na intoxicação por ingestão controlada de LC por sonda em ovinos e na intoxicação natural e ingestão espontânea controlada em suínos, caracterizou-se principalmente por andar cambaleante, tropeços e quedas. Concentrações de 3,8 e 8,875mL/kg de etanol contido no LC, causaram quadros clínicos leve a moderado e grave em suínos e ovinos, respectivamente. Como medidas profiláticas sugere-se: diluição adequada do LC com água, soro de leite ou com o LC já estocado na propriedade (LC antigo); administração do LC proporcional ao peso/tamanho dos animais, administração contínua, sem interrupções, disponibilizar outro alimento no cocho, como farelo de soja ou fubá de milho e água à vontade. Conclui-se que apesar de o LC ser cada vez mais utilizado nas propriedades criadoras de ovinos e suínos no sul do Estado do Rio de Janeiro já que, muitos proprietários aplicam uma ou mais medidas profiláticas aqui sugeridas, as intoxicações pelo etanol, contido no LC são pouco frequentes e raramente ocorrem mortes, de forma que esse produto deve ser utilizado, desde que as medidas profiláticas sejam observadas.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-7112

Local ecological knowledge of fishers from southern and southeastern Brazil about the franciscana dolphin Pontoporia blainvillei: Strategies for conservation
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ARAUJO, SAMANTA C. DE

; BENEDITTO, ANA PAULA M. DI

; GATTS, CARLOS EDUARDO N.

; MOREIRA, SÉRGIO C.

; DOMIT, CAMILA

; GAMA, RENATA M.

; MARTINS, AGNALDO S.

; ZAPPES, CAMILAH A.

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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2023, Volume 95 N. 1 elocation e20201111

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract This study compares local ecological knowledge (LEK) of fishers from the Southwest Atlantic Ocean (SWAO), Brazil, related to the franciscana dolphin (Pontoporia blainvillei). We conducted 330 ethnographic interviews in ten fishing communities in southern and southeastern Brazil between 2012 and 2018. Boolean or Classic Logic was used to identify 95 fishers who were able to recognize the franciscana dolphin accordingly to the taxonomic entity P. blainvillei: 23 in northern Espírito Santo state, one in southern Espírito Santo, 20 in northern Rio de Janeiro state, and 51 in northern Paraná state. Among these 95 fishers, 87.4% (n = 83) reported incidental captures in fishing nets. Among these, 52 (54.7%) did not know any solution to this problem. Interviews revealed that the fishers usually discard carcasses in the sea after fat and muscle tissue are removed so that they can be used as bait for shark fishing or as food. In Southeastern Brazil, fishers LEK related to their ability to identify franciscana dolphin varied from ‘no identification’ and ‘extremely low identification’ to ‘partial’ and ‘good identification,’ while in southern Brazil, fishers mainly presented a ‘good identification’ of the dolphins. We propose comanagement actions to conserve the franciscana dolphin in the SWAO.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202320201111

Risk of malignancy and diagnostic accuracy of fine-needle aspiration biopsy in thyroid nodules with diameters greater than 4 centimeters
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Barcelos, Rafaela N.

; Camacho, Cléber P.

; Mamone, Maria da Conceição de O. C.

; Ikejiri, Elza S.

; Vanderlei, Felipe A. B.

; Yang, Ji H.

; Padovani, Rosália P.

; Martins, Leandro A. L.

; Biscolla, Rosa Paula M.

; Macellaro, Danielle

; Lindsey, Susan C.

; Maciel, Rui M. B.

; Martins, João Roberto M.

Archives of Endocrinology and Metabolism

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2023, Volume 67 N. 6 elocation e000644

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Objective: The risk of malignancy and diagnostic accuracy of fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) of thyroid nodules (TN) with diameters ≥ 3-4 cm remains controversial. However, some groups have indicated surgical treatment in these patients regardless of the FNAB results. We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the FNAB in systematically resected ≥4 cm TN and if the risk of malignancy is higher in these patients. Subjects and methods: We retrospectively evaluated 138 patients (142 nodules) with TN with diameters ≥4 cm who underwent thyroidectomy. Results: The FNAB results were nondiagnostic/unsatisfactory (ND/UNS) in 2.1% of the cases and benign in 51.4%. They indicated atypia of undetermined significance/follicular lesion of undetermined significance (AUS/FLUS) in 23.9% of cases, follicular neoplasia/suspicious for a follicular neoplasm (FN/SFN) in 9.2%, suspicion of malignancy (SUS) in 8.5%, and malignant in 4.9%. The histopathological analysis after thyroidectomy revealed a thyroid cancer rate of 100% in the FNABs classified as malignant, 33.3% in SUS cases, 7.7% in FN/SFN, 17.6% in AUS/FLUS, and 4.1% in benign FNABs. None of the ND/UNS FNABs were malignant. The global malignancy diagnosis was 14.8% (n = 21). However, the rate of false negatives for FNAB was low (4.1%). Conclusion: We showed that the risk of malignancy in nodules with diameters ≥4 cm was higher compared to the risk of thyroid cancer in TN in general. However, we found a low rate of false-negative cytological results; therefore, our data do not justify the orientation of routine resection for these larger nodules.

https://doi.org/10.20945/2359-3997000000644

Multidisciplinary Scientific Cruises for Environmental Characterization in the Santos Basin – Methods and Sampling Design
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Moreira, Daniel L.

; Dalto, Adriana G.

; Figueiredo JR, Alberto G.

; Valerio, Aline M.

; Detoni, Amalia M. S.

; Bonecker, Ana C. T.

; Signori, Camila N.

; Namiki, Cláudia

; Sasaki, Dalton K.

; Pupo, Daniel V.

; Silva, Danilo A.

; Kutner, Deborah S.

; Duque-Castaño, Diana C.

; Marcon, Eduardo H.

; Gallotta, Fabiana D. C.

; Paula, Fabiana S.

; Gallucci, Fabiane

; Roque, Gabriela C. F.

; Campos, Giulia S.

; Fonseca, Gustavo

; Mattos, Gustavo

; Lavrado, Helena P.

; Silveira, Ilson C. A. da

; Costa, Jessica O.

; Santos Filho, João R. dos

; Carneiro, Juliane C.

; Moreira, Julio C.F.

; Rozo, Laura

; Araujo, Leandro F.M.

; Lazzari, Letícia

; Silva, Letícia O. da

; Michelazzo, Luan S.

; Fernandes, Luciano F.

; Dottori, Marcelo

; Araújo Jr., Marcus A. G. de

; Chuqui, Mateus G.

; Ceccopieri, Milena

; Borges-Silva, Milton

; Kampel, Milton

; Bergo, Natascha M.

; Silva, Paulo V. M.

; Tura, Pedro M.

; Moura, Rafael B. de

; Romano, Renato G.

; Martins, Renato P.

; Carreira, Renato S.

; Toledo, Rodrigo G.A.

; Bonecker, Sérgio L.C.

; Disaró, Sibelle T.

; Rodrigues, Silvana V.

; Corbisier, Thais N.

; Vicente, Thaisa M.

; Paiva, Vitor G. de

; Pellizari, Vivian H.

; Belo, Wellington C.

; Brandini, Frederico P.

; Sousa, Silvia H.M

Ocean and Coastal Research

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2023, Volume 71 Suppl. 3 elocation e23022

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract The Santos Basin (SB) is the main petroliferous basin in the Brazilian continental margin and one of the most studied marine areas in Brazil. However, historical data suggest that new efforts should be carried out to acquire quantitative biological data, especially in the deep sea, to establish the baseline of essential ocean variables in different ecosystems for future monitoring programs. The Brazilian energy company Petrobras planned and executed 24 oceanographic cruises over a period of 2 years to assess the benthic (SANSED cruise) and pelagic (SANAGU cruise) systems of the SB (356 days at sea in 2019 and 2021/2022). These efforts were part of the Santos Project, which comprised a comprehensive environmental study aimed at investigating benthic and pelagic variables to characterize ecology, biogeochemistry, thermohaline properties of water masses, and ocean circulation patterns, geomorphology, and sedimentology, as well as organic and inorganic chemistry. Here we present the detailed sampling designs and the field methods employed on board, during the SB scientific cruises. All sampling protocols were based on standardized approaches. For the benthos analyses, triplicate sediment samples were performed using a GOMEX-type box corer (0.25 m²) or a large modified Van Veen grab (0.75 m²) at 100 stations ranging from 25 to 2400 m depth. At each station, 25 geochemical and physico-chemical parameters were analyzed in addition to micro-, meio-, and macrofauna and living foraminifera samples. For the pelagic system, 60 stations were selected to investigate the plankton community, ranging in size from pico- to macroplankton, through vertical, horizontal, and oblique net hauls (20, 200, and 500 μm mesh size), as well as 25 biogeochemical parameters collected with an aid of a CTD-rosette sampler. Part of this scientific information also serves the Regional Environmental Characterization Project (PCR-BS) in support of Petrobras’ Santos Basin drilling licensing process led by the Brazilian Environmental Agency – IBAMA. This project contributes to the sustainable development of the SB, in line with the guidelines of the United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development.

https://doi.org/10.1590/2675-2824071.22072dlm

Effects of corn straw on meat characteristics of lambs in the Brazilian semi-arid region
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OLIVEIRA, ANA B. DE

; PAULA, TALITA A. DE

; SOUSA, WANDRICK HAUSS DE

; FERREIRA, MARCELO A.

; CARTAXO, FELIPE Q.

; CEZAR, MARCÍLIO F.

; NEVES, MARIA LUCIANA M. WANDERLEY

; BARRETO, LÍGIA MARIA G.

; OLIVEIRA, FLÁVIO G. DE

; GOMES, RAYANE N.

; VÉRAS, ANTONIA SHERLÂNEA C.

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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2023, Volume 95 N. 4 elocation e20200395

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract The present study aimed to evaluate the influence of increasing levels of corn straw replacement of sorghum silage on average daily gain, loin eye area, subcutaneous fat thickness, weight of commercial cuts, leg tissue composition, and physico-chemical characteristics of the meat from F1 Santa Inês × Dorper lambs maintained in a feedlot system. Treatments consisted of 0, 33, 66 and 100% corn straw replacement of sorghum silage. There were thirty-six 150-day-old male lambs. Corn straw replacement of sorghum silage in lamb feed reduced the average daily gain and weight of the ribs, besides promoting a quadratic influence on leg fat content. However, there was no influence on commercial carcass cuts, leg muscle index, leg tissue composition, and physico-chemical characteristics of the meat. Thus, corn straw can be used as alternative feedstuff for sheep rations to improve the production of high-quality sheep meat in semi-arid regions.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202320200395

Glacier retreat effects on the distribution of benthic assemblages in Martel Inlet (Admiralty Bay, Antarctica)
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PETTI, MONICA A.V.

; GHELLER, PAULA F.

; BROMBERG, SANDRA

; PAIVA, PAULO C.

; MAHIQUES, MICHEL M.

; CORBISIER, THAIS N.

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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2023, Volume 95 Suppl. 3 elocation e20210622

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract The Antarctic environment has special characteristics that influence the local marine life. The benthic organisms, adapted to these extreme conditions of life, are subject nowadays to effects of climate change. Recently, the consequences of glacier retreat on these assemblages have been observed in many West Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) regions, including King George Island (KGI). This study described the spatial variation of the benthic macrofauna in different areas of the Martel Inlet (Admiralty Bay - KGI), at depths around 25-30 m. Sampling was done in January 2001 at ten stations classified in localities according to their proximity to ice-margin/coastline in marine-terminating glacier (MTG), terrestrial-terminating glacier (TTG) and ice-free area (IFA). The total density and the abundance of annelids, nematodes, peracarid crustaceans and bivalves were higher at IFA stations. The locality discrimination by taxa and species was independent of available environmental/sedimentary conditions or was the result of unmeasured variables or species life history processes not assessed herein. Considering that our findings were obtained 21 years ago, they will be especially useful for comparing future studies of benthic assemblage responses to the influence of climate change and continuous glacier retreats in the WAP region.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202320210622

Synthesis and Anti-Chikungunya Virus (CHIKV) Activity of Novel 1,4-Naphthoquinone Sulfonamide and Sulfonate Ester Derivatives
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Pacheco, Paulo A. F.

; Gonzaga, Daniel T.

; Cirne-Santos, Cláudio C.

; Barros, Caroline S.

; Gomes, Max W. L.

; Gomes, Rafaela S. P.

; Gonçalves, Mariana C.

; Ferreira, Vitor F.

; Rabelo, Vitor W.

; Abreu, Paula A.

; Faria, Robson X.

; Resende, Gabriel O. de

; Rocha, David R. da

; Paixão, Izabel C. N. P.

; Silva, Fernando C. da

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

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jun 2022, Volume 33 N. 6 Pages 556 - 569

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a re-emerging disease caused by an alphavirus of the Togaviridae family. Since its first description in 1952, the disease has spread worldwide, affecting populations in both tropical and temperate countries. To date, there is no licensed vaccine or specific pharmacological treatment. Therefore, there is an increasing urgency in developing new antiviral drugs capable of specifically inhibiting viral replication. In the present work, we report the synthesis and antiviral activity evaluation of nineteen naphthoquinone derivatives, containing a sulfonamide or sulfonate group. Cell viability assays indicated a low toxic potential for all tested compounds and inhibitory assays against CHIKV identified five compounds with potent activity. The compounds were also evaluated for their virucidal potential, and the results demonstrated that compound 11a exhibited a virucidal effect higher than 70% in the treatment with 20 µM. Furthermore, in silico studies were performed to predict the antiviral drug targets.

https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20220010

Effective recommendations towards healthy routines to preserve mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic
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Pilz, Luísa K.

; Couto Pereira, Natividade S.

; Francisco, Ana Paula

; Carissimi, Alicia

; Constantino, Débora B.

; Caus, Letícia B.

; Abreu, Ana Carolina O.

; Amando, Guilherme R.

; Bonatto, Fernanda S.

; Carvalho, Paula V.V.

; Cipolla-Neto, José

; Harb, Ana

; Lazzarotto, Gabriela

; Marafiga, Joseane Righes

; Minuzzi, Luciano

; Montagner, Francisco

; Nishino, Fernanda A.

; Oliveira, Melissa A.B.

; dos Santos, Bruno G.T.

; Steibel, Eduardo G.

; Tavares, Patrice S.

; Tonon, André C.

; Xavier, Nicóli B.

; Zanona, Querusche Klippel

; Amaral, Fernanda G.

; Calcagnotto, Maria Elisa

; Frey, Benicio N.

; Hidalgo, Maria Paz

; Idiart, Marco

; Russomano, Thais

Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry

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apr 2022, Volume 44 N. 2 Pages 136 - 146

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Objective: To assess the adherence to a set of evidence-based recommendations to support mental health during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and its association with depressive and anxiety symptoms. Methods: A team of health workers and researchers prepared the recommendations, formatted into three volumes (1: COVID-19 prevention; 2: Healthy habits; 3: Biological clock and sleep). Participants were randomized to receive only Volume 1 (control), Volumes 1 and 2, Volumes 1 and 3, or all volumes. We used a convenience sample of Portuguese-speaking participants over age 18 years. An online survey consisting of sociodemographic and behavioral questionnaires and mental health instruments (Patient Health Questionnaire-9 [PHQ-9] and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 [GAD-7]) was administered. At 14 and 28 days later, participants were invited to complete follow-up surveys, which also included questions regarding adherence to the recommendations. A total of 409 participants completed the study – mostly young adult women holding university degrees. Results: The set of recommendations contained in Volumes 2 and 3 was effective in protecting mental health, as suggested by significant associations of adherence with PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scores (reflecting anxiety and depression symptoms, respectively). Conclusion: The recommendations developed in this study could be useful to prevent negative mental health effects in the context of the pandemic and beyond.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-4446-2021-2109

Movimento Química pós 2022: construção de um plano de ação para que a Química e Seus Atores impactem a Sustentabilidade e Soberania no Brasil
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Silva, Ingrid F.

; Nascimento, Pedro H.P.

; Lago, Rochel M.

; Ramos, Mozart N.

; Galembeck, Fernando

; Rocha Filho, Romeu C.

; Teixeira, Ana Paula C.

Química Nova

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2022, Volume 45 N. 4 Pages 497 - 505

Abstract: Pt | Text: Pt | PDF: Pt

Considering the bicentenary of Brazil’s Independence in 2022 and that this year was proclaimed by UNESCO as the International Year of Basic Sciences for Sustainable Development, in mid-2021 the Brazilian Chemical Society (SBQ) launched the “Post 2022 Chemistry Movement - Sustainability and Sovereignty”, with the main goal of promoting different activities so that chemistry contributes for the sustainable development and sovereignty of Brazil in the coming years. One of these activities is the proposal of an action plan, with goals to be achieved by 2030 and 2050. This article describes in detail how this action plan was formulated by a working group, with the help of an advisory council and interviews of 18 professionals from universities, the government, industries, the third sector and other organizations. Mimicking the Agenda 2030 SDGs, the resulting action plan is based on two broad Chemistry Sustainable Development Goals: promoting sustainability through chemistry in basic education, and promoting sustainability in the industry and university through science, technology, innovation, and education (STI&E) in chemistry. After the definition of three driving technological challenges in STI&E, they shall be successively implemented through different actions starting in 2023 yet.

https://doi.org/10.21577/0100-4042.20170898

10.

Cordyceps cateniannulata and Cordyceps javanica: first report of pathogenicity to Glycaspis brimblecombei (Hemiptera: Aphalaridae)
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DOMINGUES, MAURÍCIO M.

; SANTOS, PAULA L.

; GÊA, BIANCA C.C.

; CARVALHO, VANESSA R.

; OLIVEIRA, FABRICIO N.

; SOLIMAN, EVERTON P.

; PEREIRA, FABRICIO F.

; ZANUNCIO, JOSÉ C.

; WILCKEN, CARLOS F.

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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2022, Volume 94 elocation e20211566

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Cultivation of species of the genus Eucalyptus is important for the Brazilian economy, with 6.97 million hectares planted. Glycaspis brimblecombei Moore (Hemiptera: Aphalaridae), detected in Brazil in 2003, has dispersed and now damages Eucalyptus crops in all regions of this country. The location and identification of entomopathogenic fungi isolates may increase the options for integrated pest management. The objective of this research was to evaluate the pathogenicity of Cordyceps cateniannulata and Cordyceps javanica isolates to G. brimblecombei. Ten nymphs of G. brimblecombei, with or without lerps, were placed per Eucalyptus leaf cut with one of its edges on hydroretentive gel inside Petri dishes. The fungi isolates were suspended in a solution of Tween 80 (0.1%) at the concentration of 1.0 x 108 conidia mL-1 and sprayed on the G. brimblecombei nymphs. The mortality of this insect was evaluated daily for seven days, and the dead individuals were transferred to humid chambers. The conidia viability of the isolates was greater than 93%. The mortality of G. brimblecombei nymphs, seven days after the application of the fungi, was 100%. This is the first report of the pathogenicity of C. cateniannulata and C. javanica isolates, occurring naturally in the field, to G. brimblecombei.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202220211566

11.

Seep hunting in the Santos Basin, Southwest Atlantic: sampling strategy and employed methods of the multidisciplinary cruise BIOIL 1
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Sumida, Paulo Y. G.

; Pellizari, Vivian H.

; Lourenço, Rafael A.

; Signori, Camila N.

; Bendia, Amanda G.

; Carrerette, Orlemir

; Nakamura, Fernanda M.

; Ramos, Raissa B.

; Bergamo, Gilberto

; Souza, Bruno H. M.

; Butarelli, Ana C. A.

; Passos, Júlia G.

; Dias, Rodolfo J. S.

; Maly, Mascimiliano

; Banha, Thomás N. S.

; Güth, Arthur Z.

; Soares, Luiza F.

; Perugino, Paula D. N.

; Santos, Felipe R.

; Santana, Frederico R.

; Mahiques, Michel M. de

Ocean and Coastal Research

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2022, Volume 70 Suppl. 2 elocation e22031

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract The continental margin off the southeastern Brazilian coast is punctuated by a series of geological-geomorphological features, such as subsurface saline diapirs and pockmarks at the seafloor interface, which evidence the abundant presence of oil and gas in the region. In several of these sites, hydrocarbons can be naturally released into the water column, areas are cold seep areas. These are marked by the presence of oil- and gas-dependent ecosystems, where specific organisms are able to fix carbon from hydrocarbon chemosynthesis. In addition, light hydrocarbon fluid flow through the sediment may build up authigenic carbonates that can be further colonized by cold-water corals, generating large carbonate mounds over geological time, normally positioned at the border of these pockmark features. The present work reports on a multidisciplinary oceanographic cruise carried out in the Santos Basin, SW Atlantic, to seek, map, and collect geological, chemical, and biological data from different deep-sea habitats. The cruise occurred in November 2019 on the R/V Alpha Crucis of the Oceanographic Institute of the University of São Paulo (IOUSP). We intended to discover and detail different geomorphological features, characterize free-living and symbiotic microorganisms, determine the chemosynthetic rates in relation to heterotrophic microbial production, and characterize the fauna and study their ecological and evolutionary links within and across ocean basins. All discoveries made during the cruise and their respective results will be presented separately in several papers that comprise this special volume.

https://doi.org/10.1590/2675-2824070.22077pygs

12.

The Pantanal is on fire and only a sustainable agenda can save the largest wetland in the world
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Berlinck, C. N.

; Lima, L. H. A.

; Pereira, A. M. M.

; Carvalho Jr, E. A. R.

; Paula, R. C.

; Thomas, W. M.

; Morato, R. G.

Brazilian Journal of Biology

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2022, Volume 82 elocation e244200

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.244200 592 downloads

13.

Effects of diet-induced hypercholesterolemia and gold nanoparticles treatment on peripheral tissues
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RODRIGUES, MATHEUS S.

; MARTINS, JULIA N.

; PAULA, GABRIELA C. DE

; VENTURINI, LIGIA M.

; SILVEIRA, GUSTAVO DE B.

; STRECK, EMÍLIO L.

; BUDNI, JOSIANI

; ÁVILA, RICARDO A. MACHADO DE

; BEM, ANDREZA F. DE

; SILVEIRA, PAULO C.L.

; OLIVEIRA, JADE DE

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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2022, Volume 94 Suppl. 4 elocation e20211081

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Cholesterol is a lipid molecule of great biological importance to animal cells. Dysregulation of cholesterol metabolism leads to raised blood total cholesterol levels, a clinical condition called hypercholesterolemia. Evidence has shown that hypercholesterolemia is associated with the development of liver and heart disease. One of the mechanisms underlying heart and liver alterations induced by hypercholesterolemia is oxidative stress. In this regard, in several experimental studies, gold nanoparticles (AuNP) displayed antioxidant properties. We hypothesized that hypercholesterolemia causes redox system imbalance in the liver and cardiac tissues, and AuNP treatment could ameliorate it. Young adult male Swiss mice fed a regular rodent diet or a high cholesterol diet for eight weeks and concomitantly treated with AuNP (2.5 μg/kg) or vehicle by oral gavage. Hypercholesterolemia increased the nitrite concentration and glutathione (GSH) levels and decreased the liver’s superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. Also, hypercholesterolemia significantly enhanced the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and GSH levels in cardiac tissue. Notably, AuNP promoted the redox system homeostasis, increasing the SOD activity in hepatic tissue and reducing ROS levels in cardiac tissue. Overall, our data showed that hypercholesterolemia triggered oxidative stress in mice’s liver and heart, which was partially prevented by AuNP treatment.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202220211081

14.

Cytotoxic effect of Vernonanthura polyanthes leaves aqueous extracts
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Almeida, L. M.

; Prado, A. D. L.

; Xavier-Silva, K. R.

; Firmino, M. T.

; Paula, M. I. M.

; Gomes, P. N.

; Paula, J. A. M.

; Bailão, E. F. L. C.

Brazilian Journal of Biology

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sep 2021, Volume 81 N. 3 Pages 575 - 583

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo Vernonanthura polyanthes, popularmente conhecida como assa-peixe, é uma planta medicinal amplamente utilizada pela população brasileira do Cerrado para o tratamento doenças, sem uma avaliação detalhada de sua eficácia, toxicidade e dosagem adequada. Dessa forma, são necessários estudos para investigar a segurança do uso do extrato aquoso de V. polyanthes. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a toxicidade, citotoxicidade e genotoxicidade do extrato aquoso de folhas de V. polyanthes utilizando os ensaios de Artemia salina e Allium cepa. Para o ensaio de A. salina, três grupos de 10 larvas foram expostos ao extrato aquoso de folhas de V. polyanthes nas concentrações de 5, 10, 20, 40 e 80 mg/ml. Para o ensaio de A. cepa, 5 bulbos de cebola foram expostas ao extrato aquoso de folhas de V. polyanthes nas concentrações de 10, 20 e 40 mg/ml, e então submetidos a análise macroscópica e microscópica. O ensaio de A. salina sugere que a concentração de 24 mg/ml do extrato de V. polyanthes é capaz de matar 50% dos náuplios; enquanto o ensaio de A. cepa sugere que o extrato aquoso das folhas de V. polyanthes é tóxico em concentrações superiores a 20 mg/ml. O efeito citotóxico nas células da raiz de A. cepa foi observado apenas na concentração de 40 mg/ml. É importante dizer que a concentração de extrato aquoso de folhas de V. polyanthes comumente usada na medicina popular é de 20 mg/ml. Assim, a concentração popular utilizada está muito próxima do limite de toxicidade no modelo de A. salina (24 mg/ml) e é a mesma concentração que apresentou efeito tóxico nas células da raiz de A. cepa (20 mg/ml). Não foi observada atividade genotóxica do extrato aquoso de folhas de V. polyantes nas condições utilizadas neste trabalho. Por causa da ação antiproliferativa e ausência de atividade genotóxica, o extrato aquoso de folhas de V. polyanthes pode ser uma boa fonte natural de compostos antitumorais e pode apresentar potencial para uso na medicina. No entanto, estudos mais detalhados precisam ser realizados para confirmar esse potencial.

Abstract Vernonanthura polyanthes, popularly known as assa-peixe, is a medicinal plant that has been widely used by Brazilian Cerrado population for treatment of diseases without a detailed evaluation of their effectiveness, toxicity, and proper dosage. Thus, more studies investigating the safety of V. polyanthes aqueous extract before the use are needed. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the toxicity, cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of V. polyanthes leaves aqueous extract using the Artemia salina and Allium cepa assays. For the A. salina assay, three groups of 10 larvae were exposed to V. polyanthes leaves aqueous extract at the concentrations of 5, 10, 20, 40, and 80 mg/ml. For the A. cepa assay, 5 onion bulbs were exposed to V. polyanthes leaves aqueous extract at 10, 20, and 40 mg/ml, and then submitted to macroscopic and microscopic analysis. As result it was identified a toxicity and cytotoxicity of V. polyanthes dependent on the extract concentration. The A. salina assay suggests that the concentration of 24 mg/ml of the V. polyanthes extract is able to kill 50% of naupllis; while the A. cepa assay suggests that V. polyanthes leaves aqueous extract is toxic at concentrations higher than 20 mg/ml; however the cytotoxic effect in A. cepa root cells was observed at 40 mg/ml of the extract. It is important to say that the V. polyanthes leaves aqueous extract concentration commonly used in popular medicine is 20 mg/ml. Thus, the popular concentration used is very close to toxicity limit in A. salina model (24 mg/ml) and is the concentration which showed toxic effect in A. cepa root cells (20 mg/ml). No genotoxic activity of V. polyantes leaves aqueous extract was observed in the conditions used in this study. Because of the antiproliferative action and no genotoxic activity, V. polyanthes leaves aqueous extract may present compounds with potential use for human medicine. However more detailed studies need to be performed to confirm this potential.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.225281 560 downloads

15.

USE OF REMOTELY PILOTED AIRCRAFTS FOR THE APPLICATION OF PLANT PROTECTION PRODUCTS
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Cunha, João P. A. R. da

; Alvarenga, Cleyton B. de

; Rinaldi, Paula C. N.

; Marques, Matheus G.

; Zampiroli, Renan

Engenharia Agrícola

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apr 2021, Volume 41 N. 2 Pages 245 - 254

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT The use of remotely piloted aircrafts (RPAs) to apply plant protection products has grown a lot in agriculture worldwide. However, little research data are available regarding the efficiency and safety of this method, especially in Brazil. Thus, this review aimed to present the current scenario of scientific research involving RPAs in the application of pesticides. Several factors interfere with the quality of this type of application. Among them are height and flight speed, droplet generator elements, application rate, and spray solution properties. In general, applications have been performed between 1.0 m and 3.0 m of height and 1.0 m s-1 and 7.0 m s-1 of speed. As for the droplet generator element, there is still no clarity as to the ideal system. Efficacy studies involving RPA applications demonstrate the potential of this method in replacing applications performed mainly by using knapsack equipment in an effort to reduce occupational risks. However, it is essential to observe the advantages of RPA use, while also taking into account the risk of drift. The aerodynamic effect in the droplets, qualified personnel, appropriate formulations, regulations, and details in labels are challenges that still need to be addressed for this new technology to be successful.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-4430-eng.agric.v41n2p245-254/2021 406 downloads

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