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Biological activities of endophytic fungi isolated from Annona muricata Linnaeus: a systematic review
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Silva, I. M. M.

; Silva, R. M.

; Paula, V. B.

; Estevinho, L. M.

Brazilian Journal of Biology

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2024, Volume 84 elocation e259525

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo Esta revisão sistemática integra os dados disponíveis na literatura sobre as atividades biológicas dos extratos de fungos endofíticos isolados de Annona muricata e seus metabólitos secundários. A busca foi realizada em quatro bases de dados eletrônicas e a qualidade dos estudos foi avaliada por meio de instrumento de avaliação adaptado. A pesquisa inicial no banco de dados gerou 436 resultados; dez estudos foram selecionados para inclusão. A folha foi a parte mais estudada da planta (em nove estudos); Periconia sp. foi o fungo mais testado (n = 4); a atividade biológica mais avaliada foi anticâncer (n = 6), seguida de antiviral (n = 3). As atividades antibacteriana, antifúngica e antioxidante também foram testadas. Terpenóides ou compostos híbridos de terpenóides foram os metabólitos químicos mais abundantes. Compostos fenólicos, ésteres, alcalóides, ácidos graxos saturados e insaturados, compostos aromáticos e peptídeos também foram relatados. Os estudos selecionados destacaram a potencialidade biotecnológica dos extratos de fungos endofíticos de A. muricata. Por conseguinte, esta planta pode ser considerada uma fonte promissora de compostos biológicos com efeitos antioxidantes e ativos contra diversos micro-organismos e células cancerígenas. Mais pesquisas são necessárias envolvendo diferentes tecidos vegetais, outros microorganismos, como SARS-CoV-2, e diferentes células cancerosas.

Abstract This systematic review integrates the data available in the literature regarding the biological activities of the extracts of endophytic fungi isolated from Annona muricata and their secondary metabolites. The search was performed using four electronic databases, and studies' quality was evaluated using an adapted assessment tool. The initial database search yielded 436 results; ten studies were selected for inclusion. The leaf was the most studied part of the plant (in nine studies); Periconia sp. was the most tested fungus (n = 4); the most evaluated biological activity was anticancer (n = 6), followed by antiviral (n = 3). Antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant activities were also tested. Terpenoids or terpenoid hybrid compounds were the most abundant chemical metabolites. Phenolic compounds, esters, alkaloids, saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, aromatic compounds, and peptides were also reported. The selected studies highlighted the biotechnological potentiality of the endophytic fungi extracts from A. muricata. Consequently, it can be considered a promising source of biological compounds with antioxidant effects and active against different microorganisms and cancer cells. Further research is needed involving different plant tissues, other microorganisms, such as SARS-CoV-2, and different cancer cells.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.259525

Fruiting phenology in Aspidosperma discolor and implications for seed dispersal and population distribution
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Menezes, Isiara Silva

; Santos, Marília Grazielly Mendes dos

; Cerqueira, Carlianne Oliveira

; Couto-Santos, Ana Paula Lima do

; Neves, Sâmia Paula Santos

; Rossatto, Davi Rodrigo

; Miranda, Lia d’Afonsêca Pedreira de

; Funch, Ligia Silveira

Rodriguésia

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2024, Volume 75 elocation e01222022

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

Abstract We investigated Aspidosperma discolor fruiting in three subpopulations in the inland Atlantic Forest of Northeastern Brazil, to better understand how local and global factors (such as the El Niño Southern Oscillation - ENSO) drive fruiting, and how functional traits are related to its dispersal potential and spatial distribution. Observations of mature fruits with dispersing seeds were carried out between 1993 and 2012. Dispersal potential was evaluated using seeds released at two different heights. Spatial distribution was analyzed using the Standardized Morisita dispersal index. A. discolor displayed seasonal fruiting during the dry season in all subpopulations, with variations in their average dates but without significant interannual variations in the proportions of fruiting individuals. The undulate seeds had average dispersal distances between 57.36 and 79.54 m. We found a random distribution pattern of the trees. The seasonal dry/rainy regime influenced fruiting and dispersal patterns, and seeds were released during the dry season (even in ENSO years). So, we demonstrate the importance of wind dispersal as a driving factor of fruiting, associated with an abiotic filter (low humidity) during the dry season. Additionally, the aerodynamic nature of the undulate diaspore and its dispersal potential influenced the random pattern of spatial distribution of A. discolor.

Resumo Investigamos a frutificação de três subpopulações de Aspidosperma discolor em uma área Mata Atlântica no interior do nordeste do Brasil, para entender melhor como fatores locais e globais (El Niño Southern Oscillation - ENOS) impulsionam a frutificação, e como as características da espécie estão relacionadas aos seus potenciais de dispersão e distribuição espacial. Frutos maduros com sementes em dispersão foram observados entre 1993 e 2012. A dispersão foi avaliada por lançar sementes em duas alturas diferentes. A distribuição foi analisada usando o índice de dispersão padronizado de Morisita. A. discolor apresentou frutificação sazonal durante a estação seca nas três subpopulações com variações de suas datas médias, mas sem variações interanuais nas proporções de indivíduos frutificando. As sementes onduladas evidenciaram distâncias médias de dispersão entre 57,36 e 79,54 m. Encontramos padrão de distribuição aleatório das árvores. O regime sazonal seco/chuvoso influenciou os padrões de frutificação e dispersão, e sementes foram liberadas durante a estação seca (mesmo em anos ENSO). Assim, demonstramos a importância da dispersão anemocórica como fator impulsionador da frutificação, associada a um filtro abiótico (baixa umidade) durante a estação seca. Adicionalmente, a natureza aerodinâmica do diásporo ondulado e seu potencial de dispersão influenciaram a distribuição espacial aleatória de A. discolor.

https://doi.org/10.1590/2175-7860202475002

Capillary Electromigration Techniques Applied to Clinical Chemistry Investigations and Alternative Diagnostic Assays: Possibilities and Perspectives Assays
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Moreira, Olívia B. O.

; Berlande, Bruna M.

; Souza, Jéssica C. Q. de

; Candido, João Marcos B.

; Jaeger, Lauren H.

; Adriano, Luiz Henrique C.

; Brito, Marco Antônio D. A. e

; Nascimento, Maria Patrícia do

; Geraldo, Patrícia A.

; Chellini, Paula R.

; Oliveira, Marcone Augusto L. de

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

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nov 2023, Volume 34 N. 11 Pages 1542 - 1564

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Capillary electromigration techniques can be understood as the ones used to separate neutral compounds, solvated ions and ionized species, considering the differentiated migration among them when an electrical field is applied within a capillary column filled with a background electrolyte. Several existing capillary electrophoresis setups provide the possibility of developing reliable quantitative assays of inorganic ions, organic acids, fatty acids, amino acids, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, proteins, hormones, vitamins, macromolecules, and more. Therefore, given the chemical complexity of bodily fluid matrices, capillary electrophoresis (CE) and its variations present themselves as an advantageous strategy for enhancing traditional clinical diagnostic methods and for the development of new ones. The recent advances in the study of the human metabolome associated with technological improvements towards medical applications make CE a very useful and versatile technique for clinical laboratory assays. Within this context, this review has the purpose of presenting some traditional methods used for exams of blood, urine, saliva, feces, and sweat, and how CE can be implemented as a real alternative to enable faster, automated, and cost-effective analysis with a comprehensive perspective that shall result in better diagnostic possibilities for patients, being a powerful tool for helping physicians on the precision medicine achievements. compounds species electrolyte acids carbohydrates proteins hormones vitamins macromolecules more Therefore matrices (CE context blood urine saliva feces sweat faster automated costeffective cost effective patients achievements

https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20230096

Selection of desirable characters for papaya genetic improvement programs associated with hydric and thermal stress
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Costa, Taís F.

; Lopes, Beatriz G.

; Faria, Glaucia A.

; Ribeiro, Otavio A. P. da S.

; Suares-Rocha, Paula

; Lima, Juliana F. de

; Felizardo, Lucas M.

; Furlani Junior, Enes

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental

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may 2023, Volume 27 N. 5 Pages 422 - 428

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

ABSTRACT Papaya cultivation is widespread in Brazil, particularly in the states of Bahia and Espírito Santo, where most commercial plantations are concentrated. Owing to the economic and social importance of papaya, the present study aimed to determine the explanatory variables between the genotypes of two cultivars: Golden (from the Soil group) and Tainung Nº 1 hybrid (from the Formosa group), cultivated under high temperatures and hydric stress. The genotypes containing more desirable agronomic characteristics were identified for use in plant genetic improvement programs. Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to select the desirable genotypes for Golden and Tainung Nº 1 cultivars based on specific variables analyzed for two groups of variables; for group 1, the plant height, stem diameter, leaf length, leaf width, and leaf number were analyzed, whereas for group 2, the leaf and root dry mass, stem dry mass and fresh mass of 10 discs, fresh mass, and stem and root fresh mass were analyzed. When exposed to hydric and thermal stress, the Tainung Nº 1 cultivar outperformed the Golden cultivar for the evaluation characteristics selected for use in genetic improvement programs.

RESUMO No Brasil, o cultivo do mamão é difundido, principalmente nos estados da Bahia e Espírito Santo, onde se concentra a maior parte dos plantios comerciais. Devido à importância econômica e social do mamão, este estudo teve como objetivo determinar variáveis explicativas entre os genótipos de mamoeiro, cultivados sob altas temperaturas e condições de estresse hídrico, para definir quais contêm características agronômicas mais desejáveis para serem utilizadas em programas de melhoramento genético de plantas. Para isso, a análise de componentes principais foi aplicada para selecionar genótipos desejáveis para as cultivares Golden e Tainung Nº 1, com base em dois grupos de variáveis: grupo 1 - altura da planta, diâmetro do caule, comprimento da folha, largura da folha e número de folhas; e grupo 2 - massa seca da folha, massa seca da raiz, massa seca do caule, massa seca de 10 discos, massa fresca de 10 discos, massa fresca, massa fresca do caule e massa fresca da raiz. A cultivar Tainung Nº 1 do grupo Formosa apresentou vantagens em relação à cultivar Golden, quando submetida a condições de estresse hídrico e térmico para as características de avaliação sendo mais indicada para ser utilizada em programas de melhoramento genético.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v27n5p422-428

In vitro germination of passion fruit seeds in the function of tegument removal and culture media
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Faria, Glaucia A.

; Lopes, Beatriz G.

; Suares-Rocha, Paula

; Ferreira, Antonio F. A.

; Maltoni, Katia L.

; Silvério Junior, Luiz H.

; Pigari, Lucas B.

; Felizardo, Lucas M.

; Furlani Júnior, Enes

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental

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may 2023, Volume 27 N. 5 Pages 303 - 308

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

ABSTRACT The presence of salts in the culture medium and the addition of phytohormones, necessary to break seed dormancy in the in vitro germination of passion fruit, can induce critical values of osmotic potential. This can change the membrane permeability of seeds, affecting the hydration rate, enzyme release, ion transport, pH, and inhibitor values, which may decrease germination percentage. The aim of this study was to evaluate different types of culture media, composed of other substances, combined with mechanical techniques of tegument removal to determine the most appropriate culture medium for the in vitro germination of Passiflora edulis (Sims flavicarpa Deg.) seeds obtained by open pollination. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 10 × 3 factorial scheme (10 culture media × three types of seed-intact, scarified, and cut), with eight replicates and five seeds per plot. Scarified seeds cultivated in a medium composed of a commercial substrate and gibberellic acid presented a higher percentage of germination than intact or cut seeds cultivated in different concentrations of Murashige & Skoog (MS) medium. Scarification is a satisfactory method for breaking the dormancy of passion fruit seeds, and commercial substrates Bioflora® enriched with gibberellic acid may replace in vitro germination.

RESUMO A presença de sais no meio de cultura e a adição de fitohormônios, necessários para quebrar a dormência das sementes na germinação in vitro do maracujá, podem levar o potencial osmótico a níveis críticos. Isso pode alterar a permeabilidade da membrana das sementes, afetando a taxa de hidratação, a liberação de enzimas, o transporte iônico, o pH e os teores de inibidores, o que pode acarretar na diminuição do percentual de germinação. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar diversos tipos de meios de cultura, compostos por diferentes substâncias, combinados com técnicas mecânicas de remoção do tegumento, para determinar o tratamento mais adequado para a germinação in vitro de sementes de Passiflora edulis (Sims flavicarpa Deg.) obtidas por polinização aberta. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 10 × 3 (10 meios de cultura × três tipos de sementes - intactas, escarificadas e cortadas), com oito repetições e cinco sementes por parcela. Sementes escarificadas cultivadas em meio composto de substrato comercial e ácido giberélico apresentaram taxa de germinação superior às sementes intactas ou cortadas cultivadas em diferentes concentrações de meio Murashige & Skoog (MS). A escarificação é um método satisfatório de quebra de dormência de sementes de maracujá e substratos comerciais Bioflora® enriquecidos com ácido giberélico podem substituir o meio MS na germinação in vitro.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v27n5p303-308

Ethnicity and Inequality in China, de Björn A. Gustafsson, Reza Hasmath y Sai Ding
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Aguilar Romero, María Paula M.

México y la cuenca del pacífico

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apr 2023, Volume 12 N. 34 Pages 121 - 124

Abstract: Es | Text: Es | PDF: Es

https://doi.org/10.32870/mycp.v12i34.844

Clostridioides difficile: Characterization of the circulating toxinotypes in an Argentinean public hospital
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Crivaro, Andrea N

; Carasi, Paula

; Salto, Ileana

; Hugo, Ayelen

; Pelichotti, P. Cecilia Soldavini

; Bengoa, Agustina

; Fragomeno, Melisa

; Serradell, María A.

; Minnaard, Jessica

; Rolny, Ivanna

; Alul, Eduardo

; Arregui, Leandro

; Martinez, Macarena E. Fabra

; Valero, Oscar Javier Moreno

; Facente, Andrea

; Magariños, Francisco

; Jewtuchowicz, Virginia

; Pérez, Pablo F.

; Trejo, Fernando M.

Revista argentina de microbiología

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mar 2023, Volume 55 N. 1 Pages 61 - 70

Abstract: Es En | Text: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

Resumen Clostridioides difficile es un anaerobio esporulado que se asocia con episodios de diarreas hospitalarias. Su virulencia se encuentra vinculada, principalmente, a las toxinas TcdA y TcdB, codificadas por sus respectivos genes, tcdA y tcdB, que son parte de un locus de patogenicidad (PaLoc). Nuestro objetivo fue caracterizar los toxinotipos de C. difficile circulantes en un hospital público. Los genes tcdA y tcdB fueron amplificados y digeridos con diferentes enzimas de restricción: EcoRI para tcdA; HincII y AccI para tcdB. Además, se evaluó la presencia de cdtB (gen de la toxina binaria B) y de las toxinas A y B (por dot blot), así como el efecto citotóxico de sobrenadantes de cultivo sobre células Vero. En conjunto, estos estudios revelaron tres toxinotipos circulantes según la clasificación de Rupnik: 0, I y VIII; el más prevalente fue el último. Aunque son necesarios más estudios (ej., secuenciación), es interesante notar que la presencia del toxinotipo I podría estar relacionada con la introducción de bacterias de diferente origen geográfico. En los pacientes infectados con el toxinotipo VIII, el análisis multivariante de los resultados de laboratorio mostró que los aislamientos asociados a decesos (GCD13, GCD14 y GCD22) estaban situados en regiones de los biplots relacionados con valores de laboratorio alterados al momento de la internación. En los otros pacientes, aunque no se observó correlación entre los valores de laboratorio al momento de la internación y la evolución clínica, los niveles de urea, creatinina y recuento de glóbulos blancos estuvieron correlacionados positivamente entre sí una vez diagnosticada la infección. Nuestro estudio revela la circulación de diferentes toxinotipos de C. difficile en un mismo hospital público. La variedad de toxinotipos puede originarse a partir de microorganismos preexistentes en la región, así como también por la introducción de bacterias provenientes de otras regiones geográficas. La existencia de microorganismos con diferente potencial patogénico es relevante para el control, el seguimiento y el tratamiento de las infecciones.

Abstract Clostridioides difficile is a spore-forming anaerobe microorganism associated to nosocomial diarrhea. Its virulence is mainly associated with TcdA and TcdB toxins, encoded by their respective tcdA and tcdB genes. These genes are part of the pathogenicity locus (PaLoc). Our aim was to characterize relevant C. difficile toxinotypes circulating in the hospital setting. The tcdA and tcdB genes were amplified and digested with different restriction enzymes: EcoRI for tcdA; HincII and AccI for tcdB. In addition, the presence of the cdtB (binary toxin) gene, TcdA and TcdB toxins by dot blot and the cytotoxic effect of culture supernatants on Vero cells, were evaluated. Altogether, these studies revealed three different circulating toxinotypes according to Rupnik's classification: 0, I and VIII, being the latter the most prevalent one. Even though more studies are certainly necessary (e.g. sequencing analysis), it is worth noting that the occurrence of toxinotype I could be related to the introduction of bacteria from different geographical origins. The multivariate analysis conducted on the laboratory values of individuals infected with the most prevalent toxinotype (VIII) showed that the isolates associated with fatal outcomes (GCD13, GCD14 and GCD22) are located in regions of the biplots related to altered laboratory values at admission. In other patients, although laboratory values at admission were not correlated, levels of urea, creatinine and white blood cells were positively correlated after the infection was diagnosed. Our study reveals the circulation of different toxinotypes of C. difficile strains in this public hospital. The variety of toxinotypes can arise from pre-existing microorganisms as well as through the introduction of bacteria from other geographical regions. The existence of microorganisms with different pathogenic potential is relevant for the control, follow-up, and treatment of the infections.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ram.2022.05.010

Distribución de una leñosa exótica invasora en un sistemade montaña ¿ocupan Cotoneaster francheti/y la leñosa nativa Polylepis austral/s (Rosaceae) hábitats similares?
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Ferrero, M. Cecilia

; Gurvich, Diego E.

; Marcora, Paula I.

; Tecco, Paula A.

Boletín de la Sociedad Argentina de Botánica

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mar 2023, Volume 58 N. 1 Pages 11 - 20

Abstract: Es En | Text: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

Resumen Introducción y objetivos : El aumento de plantas invasoras en ecosistemas de altura amenaza la conservación de la biodiversidad y de los servicios ecosistémicos en áreas protegidas de montaña. En este trabajo evaluamos si una leñosa exótica, Cotoneaster franchetii Bois, responde a la heterogeneidad ambiental de manera similar a la leñosa nativa dominante, Polylepis australis Bitter, o si puede ocupar una mayor variedad de hábitats dado el carácter generalista que se espera de ella. M&M : Registramos la ocurrencia y cobertura de ambas especies en 120 parcelas entre los 1200 y los 2200 msnm, dentro y en inmediaciones del Parque Nacional Quebrada del Condorito y la Reserva Hídrica Pampa de Achala (Córdoba, Argentina). Comparamos su distribución en relación con la vegetación y la topografía. Resultados : Cada especie dominó en altitudes diferentes pero, a escala local, ambas fueron más frecuentes en valles y laderas sur, con menor cobertura de pajonal y mayor cobertura rocosa y pendiente. Al contrario que la nativa, la cobertura de C. franchetii no se vio afectada por las características topográficas ni de la vegetación circundante. Conclusiones : La elevada ocurrencia de C. franchetii y la ausencia de restricciones para aumentar su cobertura una vez establecida sugieren un elevado potencial invasor. Su expansión representa un riesgo directo para P. australis por preferir hábitats similares. Al igual que en la expansión altitudinal, una elevada tolerancia ambiental promovería la invasión por leñosas hacia la vegetación natural en montañas.

Summary Background and aims : Invasive plants succeeding at high-elevation ecosystems threaten biodiversity and ecosystem services conservation in mountain protected areas. In this study we assessed whether an exotic woody species, Cotoneaster franchetii Bois, responds to mountain environmental heterogeneity in a similar way to the dominant coexisting native woody species, Polylepis australis Bitter, or if it instead occupies a greater variety of habitats aided by the wide environmental tolerance expected for mountain invaders. M&M : We recorded C. franchetii and P australis occurrence and cover in 120 square plots between 1200 and 2200 masl, inside and surrounding “Quebrada del Condorito” National Park and “Pampa de Achala” natural reserve (Córdoba, Argentina). We compared both species' distribution and its relationship with vegetation and topograpy. Results : Each species dominated at different elevations. However, at local scale, both species were more frequent in plots placed at valleys and south-facing steep slopes, with less cover of tussock grassland and more rock cover. Contrary to the native species, C. franchetii cover was unaffected by vegetation and topographic characteristics. Conclusions : High occurrence and no restrictions for increasing cover once established suggest a high spread potential of C. franchetii in these mountains. Polylepis australis is seemingly at risk since both species share habitat preferences. Wide environmental tolerance would not only trigger upward expansion of invasive species in mountains but also towards natural vegetation.

https://doi.org/10.31055/1851.2372.v58.n1.38464

Woody species distribution across a savanna-dry forest soil gradient in the Brazilian Cerrado
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Paula, G. A.

; Fischer, E.

; Silveira, M.

; Almeida, H.

; van den Berg, E.

Brazilian Journal of Biology

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2023, Volume 83 elocation e243245

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo Embora a distribuição e a riqueza em espécies arbóreas nas fitofisionomias do Cerrado venham sendo bastante estudadas, a transição entre savanas e florestas deciduais ainda não foi abordada. Investigamos o efeito de características físico-químicas do solo sobre a distribuição de espécies arbóreas em região de contato entre cerrado sentido restrito e floresta estacional decidual (FED). As espécies arbóreas foram amostradas sistematicamente, e variáveis de topografia e características do solo foram medidas em 30 parcelas de 10×40 m, sendo 15 parcelas em cada fisionomia. A distribuição das espécies arbóreas foi espacialmente estruturada, e as características do solo diferiram entre as áreas de cerrado sentido restrito e FED, principalmente relacionadas à saturação de alumínio, saturação de bases e teores de fósforo. A saturação de alumínio aumentou em direção ao cerrado sentido restrito, enquanto a saturação de bases aumentou em direção à FED. A maioria das espécies arbóreas predominou em uma das fisionomias, como Callisthene major em cerrado sentido restrito e Anadenanthera colubrina em FED. Apenas 20% das espécies foram amplamente distribuídas em ambas as fisionomias ou, em poucos casos, restritas aos valores intermediários do gradiente de solo. Os resultados indicam um forte contraste de características do solo entre o cerrado sentido restrito e a FED, assim como uma transição acentuada e espacialmente organizada quanto à distribuição de espécies arbóreas.

Abstract Although richness and distribution of woody species in the Cerrado physiognomies have been extensively studied, the shifts of woody species from savanna physiognomies to dry forests have not yet been addressed. Here, we investigate the effect of soil physical-chemical traits on the woody species turnover between adjacent cerrado stricto sensu and dry forest physiognomies. Woody species were surveyed, and soil and topographic variables measured, in 30 10×40 m plots systematically distributed, with 15 plots in each physiognomy. We found a spatially structured distribution of woody species, and differences of soil traits between cerrado stricto sensu and dry forest areas, mainly related to the aluminum saturation, base saturation, and available phosphorus. Aluminum saturation increased toward the savanna area, while base saturation increased toward the dry forest. Most woody species predominated in one physiognomy, such as Callisthene major in the cerrado stricto sensu and Anadenanthera colubrina in the dry forest. Only 20% of the species were widely distributed across both physiognomies or, not often, restricted to the intermediary values of the soil gradient. General results indicate that contrasting soil traits between cerrado stricto sensu and dry forest produce a strongly spatially organized and sharp transition in terms of species distribution between these physiognomies.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.243245 1194 downloads

10.

Emotional, hyperactivity and inattention problems in adolescents with immunocompromising chronic diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic
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Campos, Reinan T.

; Lindoso, Livia

; Sousa, Renan A. de

; Helito, Alberto C.

; Ihara, Bianca P.

; Strabelli, Claudia A.A.

; Paradelas, Levi M.V.

; Carneiro, Beatriz O.L.

; Cardoso, Maria Paula R.

; Souza, Jean Paulo V. de

; Freire, Marianna R. de M.

; Astley, Camilla

; Laurentino, Moisés F.

; Buscatti, Izabel M.

; Kozu, Katia

; Aikawa, Nadia E.

; Sallum, Adriana M.E.

; Ferreira, Juliana CO.

; Simon, Juliana R.

; Viana, Vivianne S.L.

; Queiroz, Ligia B.

; Gualano, Bruno

; Roschel, Hamilton

; Pereira, Rosa Maria R.

; Toma, Ricardo K.

; Watanabe, Andréia

; Grangeiro, Patricia M.

; Casella, Caio B.

; Farhat, Sylvia C.

; Polanczyk, Guilherme V.

; Campos, Lucia Maria A.

; Silva, Clovis A.

Clinics

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2023, Volume 78 elocation 100167

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Objective: To assess factors associated with emotional changes and Hyperactivity/Inattention (HI) motivated by COVID-19 quarantine in adolescents with immunocompromising diseases. Methods: A cross-sectional study included 343 adolescents with immunocompromising diseases and 108 healthy adolescents. Online questionnaires were answered including socio-demographic data and self-rated healthcare routine during COVID-19 quarantine and validated surveys: Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 4.0 (PedsQL4.0). Results: The frequencies of abnormal emotional SDQ scores from adolescents with chronic diseases were similar to those of healthy subjects (110/343 [32%] vs. 38/108 [35%], p = 0.548), as well as abnormal hyperactivity/inattention SDQ scores (79/343 [23%] vs. 29/108 [27%], p = 0.417). Logistic regression analysis of independent variables associated with abnormal emotional scores from adolescents with chronic diseases showed: female sex (Odds Ratio [OR = 3.76]; 95% Confidence Interval (95% CI) 2.00–7.05; p < 0.001), poor sleep quality (OR = 2.05; 95% CI 1.08–3.88; p = 0.028) and intrafamilial violence during pandemic (OR = 2.17; 95% CI 1.12–4.19; p = 0.021) as independently associated with abnormal emotional scores, whereas total PedsQL score was inversely associated with abnormal emotional scores (OR = 0.95; 95% CI 0.93–0.96; p < 0.0001). Logistic regression analysis associated with abnormal HI scores from patients evidenced that total PedsQL score (OR = 0.97; 95% CI 0.95–0.99; p = 0.010], changes in medical appointments during the pandemic (OR = 0.39; 95% CI 0.19–0.79; p = 0.021), and reliable COVID-19 information (OR = 0.35; 95% CI 0.16–0.77; p = 0.026) remained inversely associated with abnormal HI scores. Conclusion: The present study showed emotional and HI disturbances in adolescents with chronic immunosuppressive diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic. It reinforces the need to promptly implement a longitudinal program to protect the mental health of adolescents with and without chronic illnesses during future pandemics.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinsp.2023.100167

11.

Accumulation and decomposition of cultural residues of Theobroma grandiflorum, Paullinia cupana, Bixa orellana and forest in the southern region of Amazonas
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Paula, E. M. B.

; Cunha, J. M.

; Campos, M. C. C.

; Silva, D. M. P.

; Silva, C. L.

; Lima, A. F. L.

; Mantovanelli, B. C.

Brazilian Journal of Biology

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2023, Volume 83 elocation e264237

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

Abstract The litter deposited on the soil surface at various stages of decomposition is important for primary productivity that impacts the microbial communities and soil carbon storage. The objective of this study was to evaluate the accumulation and decomposition of cultural residues of Theobroma grandiflorum (Willd. ex. Spreng) Schum, Paullinia cupana (Mart.) Ducke, Bixa orellana L., and forest in the Amazon region. The study was carried out in the São Francisco settlement, Canutama in the south of Amazonas, in a randomized block experimental design, and the treatments consisted of four areas with different crops: 1 - P. cupana; 2 - T. grandiflorum; 3 - B. orellana; 4 - Native woodland area (forest), in time subdivided plots: 7, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210, 240, 270, 300, and 330 days after the distribution of the bags in the field, all with four repetitions. To evaluate the contribution and fractions of litter, conical collectors were used in each area, and collections were performed monthly in the period from March 2020 to February 2021. The estimate of the decomposition rate of the litter was done by quantifying the loss of mass, using litter bags, which allow for a direct analysis of the rate of decay over time. The forest and P. cupana environments presented the highest litter production, and greater deposition when compared to environments cultivated with T. grandiflorum and B. orellana. The forest and B. orellana areas showed the highest speed of decomposition, while the opposite situation occurred under T. grandiflorum and P. cupana cultivation.

Resumo A serrapilheira depositada na superfície do solo, em vários estágios de decomposição tem importância na produtividade primária que impacta nas comunidades microbianas e estocagem de carbono no solo. Objetivou-se neste trabalho avaliar o acúmulo e decomposição dos resíduos culturais de cupuaçu, guaraná, urucum e floresta na região do Amazonas. O estudo foi realizado no assentamento São Francisco, Canutama no Sul do Amazonas, em delineamento experimental de blocos casualisados, sendo que os tratamentos constaram de quatro áreas com diferentes culturas: 1- Guaraná; 2 – Cupuaçu; 3 – Urucum; 4 – Área de mata nativa (floresta), em parcelas subdivididas no tempo: 07, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210, 240, 270 e 300, 330 dias após a distribuição das sacolas no campo, todas com 04 repetições. Para avaliar o aporte e frações dá serapilheira, foram utilizados coletores cônicos em cada área, sendo as coletas realizadas mensalmente no período de março de 2020 a fevereiro de 2021. A estimativa da taxa de decomposição da serrapilheira foi realizada pela quantificação da perda de massa, utilizando-se litter bags, os quais permitem analisar de forma direta a taxa de decaimento ao longo do tempo. Os ambientes de floresta e guaraná apresentaram as maiores produções de serapilheira, e maior deposição quando comparados aos ambientes cultivados com cupuaçu e urucum. As áreas de floresta e urucum apresentaram a maior velocidade de decomposição, já a situação inversa ocorreu sob o cultivo do cupuaçu e guaraná.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.264237

12.

Mortality rates by gender and sexual orientation reveal a disproportionally high mortality among cisgender men of unknown sexual orientation and men who have sex with women in a cohort of people living with HIV in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Coelho, Lara E.

; Torres, Thiago S.

; Jalil, Emilia M.

; Cardoso, Sandra W.

; Moreira, Ronaldo I.

; Calvet, Guilherme A.

; Pacheco, Antonio G.

; Veloso, Valdilea G.

; Grinsztejn, Beatriz

; Luz, Paula M.

Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases

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2023, Volume 27 N. 2 elocation 102740

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Background: Antiretroviral therapy use has led to a decline in HIV-related mortality yet disparities by gender and/or sexual orientation may exist. In this study, we estimated hazards of death in people living with HIV (PLWH) according to gender and sexual orientation. Methods: We included PLWH ≥ 18 years enrolled between 2000 and 2018 at INI/Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Participants were grouped as cisgender or transgender women, cisgender men who have sex with men (MSM) or men who have sex with women, or cisgender men with unknown sexual orientation. We assessed disparities in the hazard of death using Cox proportional hazards models. Results: Among 5,576 PLWH, median age at enrollment was 35 years, 39% were MSM, 28% cisgender women, 23% men who have sex with women, 5% transgender women, and 5% men with unknown sexual orientation. A total of 795 deaths occurred in 39,141 person-years of follow-up. Mortality rates per 1,000 person-years were: 82.4 for men with unknown sexual orientation, 24.5 for men who have sex with women, 18.3 for cisgender, 16.6 for transgender women, and 15.1 for MSM. Compared to MSM, men with unknown sexual orientation had the highest death hazard ratio (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 2.93, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.35–3.81), followed by men who have sex with women (aHR 1.17, 95%CI 0.96, 1.43); death hazard ratios for cisgender and transgender women were not statistically different. Conclusion: We observed disparities in the hazard of death for men with unknown sexual orientation and men who have sex with women despite universal access to antiretroviral therapy in Brazil. Future work should characterize and assist men with unknown sexual orientation with tailored policies and interventions. Increased hazard of death was not observed for transgender women, which probably results from interventions implemented in our service to reach, engage, retain, and support this population.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjid.2023.102740

13.

Local ecological knowledge of fishers from southern and southeastern Brazil about the franciscana dolphin Pontoporia blainvillei: Strategies for conservation
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ARAUJO, SAMANTA C. DE

; BENEDITTO, ANA PAULA M. DI

; GATTS, CARLOS EDUARDO N.

; MOREIRA, SÉRGIO C.

; DOMIT, CAMILA

; GAMA, RENATA M.

; MARTINS, AGNALDO S.

; ZAPPES, CAMILAH A.

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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2023, Volume 95 N. 1 elocation e20201111

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract This study compares local ecological knowledge (LEK) of fishers from the Southwest Atlantic Ocean (SWAO), Brazil, related to the franciscana dolphin (Pontoporia blainvillei). We conducted 330 ethnographic interviews in ten fishing communities in southern and southeastern Brazil between 2012 and 2018. Boolean or Classic Logic was used to identify 95 fishers who were able to recognize the franciscana dolphin accordingly to the taxonomic entity P. blainvillei: 23 in northern Espírito Santo state, one in southern Espírito Santo, 20 in northern Rio de Janeiro state, and 51 in northern Paraná state. Among these 95 fishers, 87.4% (n = 83) reported incidental captures in fishing nets. Among these, 52 (54.7%) did not know any solution to this problem. Interviews revealed that the fishers usually discard carcasses in the sea after fat and muscle tissue are removed so that they can be used as bait for shark fishing or as food. In Southeastern Brazil, fishers LEK related to their ability to identify franciscana dolphin varied from ‘no identification’ and ‘extremely low identification’ to ‘partial’ and ‘good identification,’ while in southern Brazil, fishers mainly presented a ‘good identification’ of the dolphins. We propose comanagement actions to conserve the franciscana dolphin in the SWAO.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202320201111

14.

Risk of malignancy and diagnostic accuracy of fine-needle aspiration biopsy in thyroid nodules with diameters greater than 4 centimeters
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Barcelos, Rafaela N.

; Camacho, Cléber P.

; Mamone, Maria da Conceição de O. C.

; Ikejiri, Elza S.

; Vanderlei, Felipe A. B.

; Yang, Ji H.

; Padovani, Rosália P.

; Martins, Leandro A. L.

; Biscolla, Rosa Paula M.

; Macellaro, Danielle

; Lindsey, Susan C.

; Maciel, Rui M. B.

; Martins, João Roberto M.

Archives of Endocrinology and Metabolism

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2023, Volume 67 N. 6 elocation e000644

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Objective: The risk of malignancy and diagnostic accuracy of fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) of thyroid nodules (TN) with diameters ≥ 3-4 cm remains controversial. However, some groups have indicated surgical treatment in these patients regardless of the FNAB results. We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the FNAB in systematically resected ≥4 cm TN and if the risk of malignancy is higher in these patients. Subjects and methods: We retrospectively evaluated 138 patients (142 nodules) with TN with diameters ≥4 cm who underwent thyroidectomy. Results: The FNAB results were nondiagnostic/unsatisfactory (ND/UNS) in 2.1% of the cases and benign in 51.4%. They indicated atypia of undetermined significance/follicular lesion of undetermined significance (AUS/FLUS) in 23.9% of cases, follicular neoplasia/suspicious for a follicular neoplasm (FN/SFN) in 9.2%, suspicion of malignancy (SUS) in 8.5%, and malignant in 4.9%. The histopathological analysis after thyroidectomy revealed a thyroid cancer rate of 100% in the FNABs classified as malignant, 33.3% in SUS cases, 7.7% in FN/SFN, 17.6% in AUS/FLUS, and 4.1% in benign FNABs. None of the ND/UNS FNABs were malignant. The global malignancy diagnosis was 14.8% (n = 21). However, the rate of false negatives for FNAB was low (4.1%). Conclusion: We showed that the risk of malignancy in nodules with diameters ≥4 cm was higher compared to the risk of thyroid cancer in TN in general. However, we found a low rate of false-negative cytological results; therefore, our data do not justify the orientation of routine resection for these larger nodules.

https://doi.org/10.20945/2359-3997000000644

15.

Antibacterial activity of Thymus vulgaris (thyme) essential oil against strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus saprophyticus isolated from meat product
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Diniz, A. F.

; Santos, B.

; Nóbrega, L. M. M. O.

; Santos, V. R. L.

; Mariz, W. S.

; Cruz, P. S. C.

; Nóbrega, R. O.

; Silva, R. L.

; Paula, A. F. R.

; Santos, J. R. D. A.

; Pessôa, H. L. F.

; Oliveira-Filho, A. A.

Brazilian Journal of Biology

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2023, Volume 83 elocation e275306

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

Abstract Meat products represent an important component of the human diet and are a good source of nutrients. Food-borne microorganisms are the main pathogens that cause human diseases as a result of food consumption, especially products of animal origin. The objective of the present research was to verify the antibacterial activity of the essential oil of Thymus vulgaris against strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus saprophyticus isolated from meat products. For this, the analyses of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) were performed in microdilution plates. The association of the product with antimicrobials was also studied using disk diffusion. And the anti-adherent activity, which was determined in the presence of sucrose, in glass tubes. Thyme oil showed a strong inhibitory activity against K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa and S. saprophyticus, with the MIC values ranging from 64 to 512 μg/mL, and bactericidal effect for most strains, with MBC values ranging from 256 to 1,024 μg/mL. T. vulgaris oil exhibited varied interactions in association with the antimicrobials, with synergistic (41.67%), indifferent (50%) and antagonistic (8.33%) effects. Regarding the anti-adherent activity, the test product was effective in inhibiting the adherence of all bacterial strains under study. Therefore, thyme oil presents itself as an antibacterial and anti-adherent agent against K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa and S. saprophyticus, being a natural product that can represent an interesting alternative in the efforts to combat foodborne diseases.

Resumo Os produtos cárneos representam um importante componente da dieta humana e constituem uma boa fonte de nutrientes. Microrganismos de origem alimentar são os principais patógenos que causam doenças humanas como resultado do consumo de alimentos, principalmente, produtos de origem animal. O objetivo da presente pesquisa foi verificar a atividade antibacteriana do óleo essencial de Thymus vulgaris frente às cepas de Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa e Staphylococcus saprophyticus isoladas de produtos cárneos. Para isso, foram realizadas as análises de Concentração Inibitória Mínima (CIM) e a Concentração Bactericida Mínima (CBM) em placas de microdiluição. Assim como, o estudo de associação do produto com antimicrobianos, realizado por difusão em disco. E a atividade antiaderente, que foi determinada na presença de sacarose, em tubos de vidro. O óleo de tomilho apresentou uma forte atividade inibitória contra K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa e S. saprophyticus, com os valores de CIM variando entre 64 a 512 μg/mL, e efeito bactericida para a maioria das cepas, com valores de CBM entre 256 a 1.024 μg/mL. O óleo de T. vulgaris exibiu interações variadas na associação com os antimicrobianos, com efeitos sinérgicos (41,67%), indiferente (50%) e antagonista (8,33%). Em relação a atividade antiaderente, o produto teste foi eficaz na inibição a aderência de todas cepas bacterianas em estudo. Portanto, o óleo de tomilho apresenta-se como agente antibacteriano e antiaderente frente a K. pneumoniae, a P. aeruginosa e a S. saprophyticus, sendo um produto natural que pode representar uma alternativa interessante nos esforços para combater doenças transmitidas por alimentos.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.275306

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