ABSTRACT Hypoplastic coronary artery disease (HCAD) is a rare coronary artery anomaly that may be the cause of sudden death. It can involve a single or all coronary arteries. This anomaly may cause circulatory insufficiency leading to myocardial infarction. HCAD has no symptoms or may exhibit cardiovascular signs like syncope, dyspnea, chest discomfort, or dizziness. It is often diagnosed at autopsy, and early diagnosis is made with a coronary angiogram. We report HCAD as the cause of the sudden death of a 25-year-old female with a history of loss of consciousness following exertion. On autopsy, all the coronary arteries’ lumen was narrowed with thin vessel walls. Histopathological examination shows an underdeveloped and missing muscular layer of the left anterior descending and circumflex coronary arteries’ vascular wall. Many cases of HCAD diagnosed by radiographic imaging in living patients have been reported in the literature, but a structural anomaly of coronaries leading to HCAD has not been reported. We report a case of HCAD describing the histopathological examination findings of the vascular wall of coronary vessels illustrating the structural difference.

Resumen El artículo hace una revisión de la política económica en la India durante las últimas décadas y del impacto laboral, social y económico que ésta ha tenido. Comienza con un análisis del régimen dirigista que surgió a partir de la Independencia del país, para más adelante hacer énfasis en el periodo neoliberal, que aún continúa como régimen económico predominante. Asimismo, aborda el impacto que ha tenido la pandemia de covid-19. Concluye con un recuento de los desafíos a los que se enfrenta la India en la actualidad para unificar al país.

Abstract The article reviews the economic policy in India in recent times and the labor, social and economic impact it has had. It begins with an analysis of the dirigiste regime after the independence, later emphasizing the neoliberal period that continues as the predominant economic regime. It also addresses the impact that the covid-19 pandemic has had. It concludes with an account of the challenges India is currently facing to unify the country.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to design and test a device to guide medial patellofemoral reconstruction surgeries. Materials and methods: A three-dimensional (3D) printed, modular and cost-effective medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction guide, Pat-Rig, was designed with parallel holes running in the medio-lateral direction. This device was manufactured using a commercial additive manufacturing facility, and bench tested using a custom-built test rig. CT scans of patella bones were reconstructed, and the device was tested on four 3D-printed patellas of various sizes. RESULTS: The device was successful in guiding the surgical drill into the patella to drill parallel holes adhering to the current surgical requirements and specifications. The device was augmented with an innovative radiopaque scale which can allow the surgeon to accurately predict the landmarks to drill and measure the drill depth of the tunnels. CONCLUSION: There are no devices on the market that accurately predict the drill locations on the patella during MPFL reconstruction surgeries. The device, Pat-Rig, was found to overcome the current limitations of the MPFL surgeries and was able to provide satisfactory surgical guidance during the reconstruction. Level of evidence: Level 5

Abstract Abstract:Bone accumulation by porcupines at archaeological sites is well known. However, in paleontological sites such a taphonomical occurrence is rather rare. We here report porcupine (Hystrix sp.) gnaw marks on an unidentified bone fragment, dated to ~2.6 Ma from the Upper Siwalik deposits exposed near Khetpurali (Haryana), India. The present gnaw marks are very distinct and are characterized by visible edges and grooves making clear broad and shallow furrows. The present find adds to our knowledge of Siwalik vertebrate taphonomy where most of the accumulations reported earlier were either fluvial or made by carnivores.

Development of high-yielding rice varieties for the rainfed shallow lowland ecosystem of eastern India is a major challenge for plant breeders. Development and release of CR Dhan 407, a high-yielding cultivar, with a potential yield of more than 5 tons per hectare and non-lodging plant type, can address the problem of yield stagnation in this major rice ecosystem of India. With its high yield and excellent grain quality, this variety can significantly enhance the income of rice farmers of eastern India.

Wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) is a specialized thermal machining process capable of accurately machining parts of hard materials with complex shapes. Parts having sharp edges that pose difficulties to be machined by the main stream machining processes can be easily machined by WEDM process. Technology of the WEDM process is based on the conventional EDM sparking phenomenon utilizing the widely accepted non-contact technique of material removal with a difference that spark is generated at wire and work piece gap. Since the introduction of the process, WEDM has evolved as a simple means of making tools and dies to the best alternative of producing micro-scale parts with the highest degree of dimensional accuracy and surface finish. This paper outlines the development of a model and its application to optimize WEDM machining parameters. Experiments are conducted to test the model and satisfactory results are obtained. The methodology described here is expected to be highly beneficial to manufacturing industries, and also other areas such as aerospace, automobile and tool making industries.

Due to the inherent difficulties associated with gene delivery into regenerable explants and recovery of plantlets with the introduced transgene, wheat was the last among cereals to be genetically transformed. This review attempts to summarize different efforts in the direction of achieving genetic transformation of wheat by various methods. Particle bombardment is the most widely employed procedure for the introduction of marker genes and also for the generation of transformed wheat with introduction of agronomically important genes for quality improvement, engineering of nuclear male sterility, transposon tagging, resistance to drought stress, resistance against fungal pathogens and insect resistance. The other methods of choice of gene delivery into wheat tissues include electroporation and co-cultivation with Agrobacterium. Several alternative approaches including microinjection, direct imbibition, permeabilization, silicon carbide fiber-mediated and pollen tube pathway have also been attempted for introduction of foreign DNA with varied degrees of success. In future, use of marker assisted selection and genomics approaches will increase the effectiveness and efficiency of wheat breeding programs, and will also provide insights into genetic control of key traits to be used for genetic manipulation.