ABSTRACT High-fat diet-induced obesity is associated with metabolic disorders. The Brazil nut has bioactive substances and has been used to control the damage caused by obesity in several organs. The work intended to show the damage caused by high-fat diet in the bladder wall and if the Brazil nut oil added to the diet could ameliorate or reverse this effect. Sixty-day-old rats were divided into two groups: C (control, n = 30) and HF (high-fat, n = 30) diets. At 90 days, 10 animals of each group were sacrificed. The others were divided into 4 groups: C and HF (animals that maintained their previous diet, n = 10 for each group) and C / Bno and HF / Bno (animals whose control or high-fat diet was supplemented by Brazil nut oil, n = 10 for each group). Sacrifice occurred at 120 days, and the bladders were removed and analyzed. Epithelial height was increased in the HF compared to the C group. In contrast, the C / Bno had a lower epithelial height compared to the others. The percentage of collagen between the detrusor muscle fibers was significantly greater in C / Bno, HF and HF / Bno than in control group. The HF had a larger muscle fiber diameter than the C group, while the C / Bno presented lower values than the HF and HF / Bno groups. HF diets induced bladder wall damage. These changes in the rat's bladder wall were partially reversed by the Bno.

Obesity and insulin resistance are associated with an increase of cardiovascular risk factors, including adipocytokines. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of low-calorie diet on serum lipids, adipokines, insulin resistance and body composition in obese women. It was a clinical trial with class I obese women aged 30-45 years submitted to hypocaloric diet for 90 days. Dietary intake, anthropometric parameters, body composition, serum lipids, glucose, insulin, leptin, adiponectin, HOMA-IR and QUICKI indexes were evaluated at the baseline, 30, 60 and 90 days. There was 30% significant decrease in energy intake, and also decrease in body weight, body mass index and waist circumference (p < 0.01) throughout the treatment period. Despite the amount of lean body mass (kg) reduced in average, it was observed that lean body mass (%) had increased (p < 0.01) and that the amount of fat body mass (kg) had decreased significantly in the third month (p < 0.05). Systolic blood pressure reduced up to -5mmHg (p < 0.05) after 90 days. Was observed a decrease (p < 0.05) on serum insulin and HOMA-IR until the 60th day, while the serum adiponectin increased (p < 0.01) during treatment. Corroborating with the reduction of fat body mass and weight, serum leptin also reduced (p < 0.01). These results suggest that the short-term low-calorie diet reduces total body fat, mainly found in the abdominal region, and efficiently improve insulin sensitivity decreasing cardiovascular risk in obese women.

La obesidad y la resistencia a la insulina se asocian con un aumento de los factores de riesgo cardiovascular, incluyendo las adipocitocinas. El propósito de este estudio fue investigar el efecto de una dieta baja en calorías sobre los lípidos séricos, las adipocinas, la resistencia a la insulina y la composición corporal en mujeres obesas. Se trataba de un estudio clínico en mujeres con obesidad de clase I, con edades entre 30-45 años, sometidas a una dieta hipocalórica durante 90 días. Se evaluaron basalmente y a los 30, 60 y 90 días la ingesta dietética, los parámetros antropométricos, la composición corporal, los lípidos séricos, la glucosa, la insulina, la leptina, la adiponectina y los índices HOMA-IR QUICKI. Hubo un descenso significativo del 30 % en el consumo de energía y un descenso del peso corporal, el índice de masa corporal y la circunferencia de la cintura (p < 0,01) durante todo el periodo de tratamiento. A pesar de que se redujo en promedio la masa magra corporal (kg), se observó que la masa magra corporal (%) se incrementó (p < 0,01) y que la cantidad de masa corporal grasa (Kg) disminuyó significativamente al tercer mes (p < 0,05). La presión sanguínea sistólica se redujo en 5 mmHg (p < 0,05) a los 90 días. Observamos un descenso de la insulina sérica y del HOMA-IR en el día 60 (p < 0,05), mientras que la adiponectina sérica aumentó (p < 0,01) durante el tratamiento. Como corroboración de la reducción de la masa corporal grasa y del peso, la leptina sérica también se redujo (p < 0,01). Estos resultados sugieren que la dieta hipocalórica a corto plazo reduce la grasa corporal total, fundamentalmente en la región abdominal y mejora de forma eficiente la sensibilidad a la insulina disminuyendo el riesgo cardiovascular en mujeres obesas.

A desnutrição é muito prevalente em países do Terceiro Mundo, mas ainda o é em países em desenvolvimento e em certas comunidades de países desenvolvidos. Diversos exames laboratoriais são afetados pela desnutrição. Recentemente, demonstrou-se que a desnutrição no período gestacional ou neonatal contribui para o surgimento de doenças crônicas na idade adulta. Este fenômeno foi denominado de programação ou impressão metabólica. Considera-se, de forma similar, que os exames de Medicina Nuclear poderiam ser afetados pela desnutrição ou programação. Neste artigo revisamos a literatura a este respeito, incluindo nossos próprios dados que mostram modificações na biodistribuição de um radiofarmaco em diferentes modelos animais de desnutrição em adultos ou causada por programação.

Malnutrition is very prevalent in the Third World, but still in developing Countries and is found in certain communities in developed Countries. Several laboratories examinations are affected by malnutrition. Recently, gestational or neonatal malnutrition were considered to contribute to the development of chronic diseases in adulthood, this phenomena was named programming or metabolic imprinting. Similar consideration were suggested for Nuclear Medicine examinations. Here we review the literature about this aspect and present our own data showing changes in biodistribution of a radiopharmaceutical compound in different animal models of adult malnutrition or caused by maternal malnutrition programming.

Foi avaliado o consumo alimentar de animais adultos submetidos à restrição protéica, cujas mães receberam dieta hipoprotéica ou hipocalórica na lactação: controle (C) ração normal com 23% de proteína; restrição protéica (RP) 8% de proteína; restrição energética (RE) 23% de proteína, em quantidade restrita à ingerida pelo grupo restrição protéica. Após o desmame todos os filhotes receberam ração normal até 60 dias e nesta época foram submetidos, por 21 dias, ao seguinte tratamento: (C/C)-filhotes de mães C recebendo ração normal; (restrição protéica/controle)-filhotes de mães Controle, recebendo ração hipoprotéica; (C/RP)-filhotes de mães RP recebendo ração normal; (RP/RP)-filhotes de mães RP recebendo ração hipoprotéica; (C/RE)-filhotes de mães RE recebendo ração normal; (RP/RE)-filhotes de mães RE recebendo ração hipoprotéica. Os filhotes de mães RP consumiram menos ração até 57 dias (p<0,01), enquanto os filhotes de mães RE normalizaram a ingestão aos 37 dias. Aos 81 dias, os animais submetidos à restrição protéica consumiram menos ração (p<0,01). A dieta materna na lactação modificou o consumo alimentar e o peso corporal da prole na vida adulta, estando, possivelmente, a restrição protéica associada a uma alteração permanente no controle hipotalâmico da seleção de nutrientes da prole.

This study evaluated food intake of adult animals whose mothers received protein- or energy-restricted diets during lactation as follows: control (C)- 23% of protein; protein-restricted (PR) - 8% of protein; energy-restricted (ER) - 23% of protein, restricted in quantity. After weaning all pups received the control diet until 60 days, when they were separated into groups, with free access to the following diets during 21 days: (C/C)- pups of control dams fed control diet; (PR/C)-pups of control dams fed protein-restricted diet; (C/PR)- pups of protein-restricted dams fed control diet; (PR/PR)-pups of protein-restricted dams fed protein-restricted diet; (C/ER)-pups of energy-restricted dams fed control diet; (PR/ER)-pups of energy-restricted dams fed protein-restricted diet. Pups of protein-restricted dams consumed less food until day 57 (p<0.01), while pups of energy-restricted dams normalized their ingestion at 37 days. At 81 days, all malnourished animals consumed less food than the control (p<0.01). The kind of diet consumed in the lactation period changed the food intake and the body weight of the offspring in the adulthood. So, the protein restriction can possibly be associated with a permanent alteration in the hypothalamic control of nutrients selection of the offspring.