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au:Pascom, Ana Roberta Pati

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Gonorrhea prevalence in adults in Brazil: Spectrum-STI trend estimation, 2000-2020
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Gaspar, Pâmela Cristina

; Rowley, Jane

; Pascom, Ana Roberta Pati

; Korenromp, Eline

; Pascual, Fernando

; Pereira, Gerson Fernando Mendes

; Miranda, Angelica Espinosa

Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical

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2023, Volume 56 elocation e0203-2023

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Background: Gonorrhea is not a notifiable disease in Brazil, and the national health information system does not collect data on reported cases or infection prevalence. Methods: We compiled published data on gonorrhea prevalence in Brazil from cross-sectional surveys and clinical trials between 2000 and 2020. The study entry criteria included a sample size of 50 or more, and Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection detected in urine, urethral, anal, or cervicovaginal specimens using either Nucleic Acid Amplification Test or culture. Gonorrhea prevalence trends between 2000 and 2020 were generated using Spectrum-STI, a statistical trend-fitting model. Results: Forty-five studies with 59 gonorrhea prevalence data points were identified. Fifty data points were for women and represented 21,815 individuals, eight for men encompassing a total of 4,587 individuals, and one for transgender people comprising 345 individuals. The Spectrum-STI estimate for the prevalence of urogenital infection with gonorrhea in women 15-49 in 2020 was 0.63% (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.13-2.23) and was lower than the 1.05% estimated value for 2000 (95% CI: 0.36-2.79). The corresponding figures for men were 0.70% (95% CI: 0.16-2.44) and 1.14% (95% CI: 0.34-3.15). Anal prevalence estimates could not be generated because of insufficient data (three data points). Conclusions: These results suggest that the overall prevalence of genitourinary gonococcal infections in Brazil is less than 1%. Data on gonorrhea prevalence in men and in populations at increased STI vulnerability are limited.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0037-8682-0203-2023

HIV incidence estimates by sex and age group in the population aged 15 years or over, Brazil, 1986-2018
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Szwarcwald, Célia Landmann

; Souza Júnior, Paulo Roberto Borges de

; Pascom, Ana Roberta Pati

; Coelho, Ronaldo de Almeida

; Ribeiro, Rachel Abrahão

; Damacena, Giseli Nogueira

; Malta, Deborah Carvalho

; Pimenta, Maria Cristina

; Pereira, Gerson Fernandes Mendes

Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical

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2022, Volume 55 Suppl. 1 elocation e0231-2021

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract INTRODUCTION HIV incidence estimates are essential to monitor the progress of prevention and control interventions. METHODS Data collected by Brazilian surveillance systems were used to derive HIV incidence estimates by age group (15-24; 25+) and sex from 1986 to 2018. This study used a back-calculation method based on the first CD4 count among treatment-naïve cases. Incidence estimates for the population aged 15 years or over were compared to Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) estimates from 2000 to 2018. RESULTS Among young men (15-24 years), HIV incidence increased from 6,400 (95% CI: 4,900-8,400), in 2000, to 12,800 (95% CI: 10,800-15,900), in 2015, reaching incidence rates higher than 70/100,000 inhabitants and an annual growth rate of 3.7%. Among young women, HIV incidence decreased from 5,000 (95% CI: 4,200-6,100) to 3,200 (95% CI: 3,000-3,700). Men aged ≥25 years and both female groups showed significant annual decreases in incidence rates from 2000 to 2018. In 2018, the estimated number of new infections was 48,500 (95% CI: 45300-57500), 34,800 (95% CI: 32800-41500) men, 13,600 (95% CI: 12,500-16,000) women. Improvements in the time from infection to diagnosis and in the proportion of cases receiving antiretroviral therapy immediately after diagnosis were found for all groups. Comparison with GBD estimates shows similar rates for men with overlapping confidence intervals. Among women, differences are higher mainly in more recent years. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that efforts to control the HIV epidemic are having an impact. However, there is an urgent need to address the vulnerability of young men.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0037-8682-0231-2021

Características epidemiológicas e clínicas dos casos de monkeypox no Brasil em 2022: estudo transversal
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Pascom, Ana Roberta Pati

; Souza, Isabella Nepomuceno de

; Krummenauer, Amanda

; Duarte, Magda Machado Saraiva

; Sallas, Janaina

; Rohlfs, Daniela Buosi

; Pereira, Gerson Mendes

; Medeiros, Arnaldo Correia de

; Miranda, Angélica Espinosa

Epidemiologia e Serviços de Saúde

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2022, Volume 31 N. 3 elocation e2022851

Abstract: Pt En Es | Text: Pt En Es | PDF: Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Resumo Objetivo: descrever características epidemiológicas e clínicas da monkeypox (MPX) no Brasil desde a identificação do primeiro caso, em 7 de junho de 2022, até a semana epidemiológica (SE) 39, encerrada em 1º de outubro de 2022. Métodos: estudo descritivo dos casos notificados ao Ministério da Saúde; as tendências foram analisadas sobre o número de casos confirmados e prováveis, por SE; os casos foram descritos segundo variáveis demográficas e variáveis clínicas. Resultados: das 33.513 notificações, 23,8% foram confirmadas, 91,8% eram do sexo masculino e 70,6% de homens cis com idade mediana de 32 anos; febre (58,0%), adenomegalia (42,4%), cefaleia (39,9%) e erupções (37,0%) foram os sintomas mais frequentes; 27,5% declararam ser imunossuprimidos, 34,6% viviam com HIV e 10,5% possuíam infecção sexualmente transmissível; três óbitos foram registrados. Conclusão: o perfil de casos de MPX foi semelhante ao de outros países; ações de vigilância devem ser reforçadas para o controle do surto.

Abstract Objective: to describe epidemiological and clinical characteristics of monkeypox (MPX) in Brazil, from the identification of the first case, on June 7, 2022, to Epidemiological Week (EW) 39, ending on October 1, 2022. Methods: this was a descriptive study of cases notified to the Ministry of Health; trends were analyzed based on the number of confirmed and probable cases per EW; the cases were also described according to demographic and clinical variables. Results: out of 31,513 notifications, 23.8% were confirmed; 91.8% were male; 70.6% were cis men; and median age was 32 years. Fever (58.0%), adenomegaly (42.4%), headache (39.9%) and rash (37.0%) were the most frequent symptoms; 27.5% reported being immunosuppressed, 34.6% were living with HIV and 10.5% had a sexually transmitted infection; three deaths were recorded. Conclusion: the MPX case profile was similar to that of other countries; surveillance actions must be strengthened to control the outbreak.

Resumen Objetivo: Describir las características epidemiológicas y clínicas de la viruela del mono (MPX) en Brasil, desde la identificación del primer caso, el 7 de junio de 2022, hasta la semana epidemiológica (SE) 39, finalizando el 1° de octubre de 2022. Métodos: Las tendencias de los casos notificados al Ministerio de Salud se analizaron como el número de casos notificados confirmados y probables, por SE. Los casos se describieron según variables demográficas y clínicas. Resultados: se confirmaron 33.513 notificaciones un 23,8%; 91,8% del sexo masculino; un 70,6% de hombres cis; con edad promedio de 32 años. Fiebre (58,0%), adenomegalia (42,4%), cefalea (39,9%) y exantema (37,0%) fueron los síntomas más frecuentes. Un 27,5% declaró estar inmunodeprimido, 34,6% vivía con VIH y 10,5% tenía alguna infección de transmisión sexual. Se registraron 3 muertes. Conclusión: El perfil de los casos MPX fue similar al de otros países. Se deben reforzar las acciones de vigilancia para controlar el brote.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s2237-96222022000300036

Características epidemiológicas e clínicas dos casos de monkeypox no Brasil em 2022: estudo transversal
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Pascom, Ana Roberta Pati

; Souza, Isabella Nepomuceno de

; Krummenauer, Amanda

; Duarte, Magda Machado Saraiva

; Sallas, Janaina

; Rohlfs, Daniela Buosi

; Pereira, Gerson Mendes

; Medeiros, Arnaldo Correia de

; Miranda, Angélica Espinosa

Epidemiologia e Serviços de Saúde

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2022, Volume 31 N. 3 elocation e2022851

Abstract: Pt Es En | Text: Pt Es En | PDF: Pt | PDF: Es | PDF: En

https://doi.org/10.1590/s2237-96222022000300036

The 12 city HIV Surveillance Survey among MSM in Brazil 2016 using respondent-driven sampling: a description of methods and RDS diagnostics
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Kendall, Carl

; Kerr, Ligia

; Mota, Rosa Salani

; Guimarães, Mark Drew Crosland

; Leal, Andrea Fachel

; Merchan-Hamann, Edgar

; Dourado, Inês

; Veras, Maria Amélia

; Brito, Ana Maria de

; Pontes, Alexandre Kerr

; Motta-Castro, Ana Rita Coimbra

; Macena, Raimunda Hermelinda Maia

; Knauth, Daniela

; Lima, Luana Nepomuceno Gondim Costa

; Oliveira, Lisangela Cristina

; Cavalcante, Socorro

; Camillo, Ana Cláudia

; Bermudez, Ximena Pamela Diaz

; Moreira, Regina Célia

; Benzaken, Adele Schwartz

; Pereira, Gerson

; Pascom, Ana Roberta Pati

; Pimenta, Cristina

; Grazina Johnston, Lisa

Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia

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2019, Volume 22 elocation e190004

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO: Introdução: Este artigo detalha os métodos utilizados na segunda Pesquisa Nacional de Vigilância Biológica e Comportamental (BBSS) do HIV, sífilis e hepatite B e C entre os homens que fazem sexo com homens no Brasil. Métodos: O método Respondent-driven Sampling (RDS) foi utilizado em 12 cidades em 2016. A amostra foi iniciada com cinco a seis sementes em cada cidade. Testes rápidos para o HIV, sífilis e Hepatite B e C foram oferecidos aos participantes. O software RDS Analyst com o estimador de amostragem sucessiva (SS) de Gile foi utilizado para ajustar os resultados como recomendado, gerando um peso para cada indivíduo para análises. Osdados das 12cidades foram unidos em um único banco e analisados usando as ferramentas de dados complexos do Stata 14.0, com cada cidade sendo tratada como seu próprio estrato. Resultados: A duração da coleta de dados variou de 5,9 a 17,6 semanas e 4.176 homens foram recrutados nas 12 cidades. Dois sites não alcançaram o tamanho da amostra alvo devido a uma demora de seis meses na aprovação local do Comitê de Ética. Todas as cidades atingiram a convergência na principal variável estudada (HIV). Conclusão: O BBSS foi representativo e concluído conforme planejado e dentro do orçamento. A descrição dos métodos aqui é mais detalhada do que o habitual, devido às novas ferramentas e requisitos de diagnóstico das novas diretrizes do STROBE-RDS.

ABSTRACT: Introduction: This paper details the methods used in the second national Biological and Behavioral Surveillance Survey (BBSS) of HIV, syphilis, and hepatitis B and C among men who have sex with men in Brazil. Methods: Respondent-driven sampling (RDS) was used in 12 cities in 2016. The targeted sample size was initiated with five to six seeds in each city. HIV, syphilis, and Hepatitis B and C rapid tests were offered to participants. RDS Analyst with Gile’s successive sampling (SS) estimator was used to adjust results as recommended and a weight for each individual was generated for further analysis. Data for the 12 cities were merged and analyzed using Stata 14.0 complex survey data tools with each city treated as its own stratum. Results: Duration of data collection varied from 5.9 to 17.6 weeks. 4,176 men were recruited in the 12 cities. Two sites failed to achieve targeted sample size due to a six-month delay in local IRB approval. No city failed to reach convergence in our major outcome variable (HIV). Conclusion: The comprehensive BBSS was completed as planned and on budget. The description of methods here is more detailed than usual, due to new diagnostic tools and requirements of the new STROBE-RDS guidelines.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-549720190004

Application of the Respondent-Driven Sampling methodology in a biological and behavioral surveillance survey among female sex workers, Brazil, 2016
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Damacena, Giseli Nogueira

; Szwarcwald, Célia Landmann

; Souza Júnior, Paulo Roberto Borges de

; Ferreira Júnior, Orlando da Costa

; Almeida, Wanessa da Silva de

; Pascom, Ana Roberta Pati

; Pimenta, Maria Cristina

Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia

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2019, Volume 22 Suppl. 1 elocation e190002

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO Introdução: O método de amostragem Respondent-Driven Sampling (RDS) tem sido utilizado em inquéritos com populações-chave sob maior risco de infecção pelo HIV, como as mulheres trabalhadoras do sexo (MTS). Este artigo tem o objetivo de descrever a implementação do RDS entre MTS em 12 cidades brasileiras em 2016. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo de vigilância biológica e comportamental realizado em 12 cidades brasileiras, com amostra mínima de 350 MTS em cada cidade. Foram realizados testes para infecções por HIV, sífilis, hepatites B e C, e aplicou-se questionário sociocomportamental. Resultados: Participaram 4.328 MTS. Para a análise dos dados, foi elaborada uma ponderação amostral considerando o tamanho da rede de cada participante; recomenda-se que o desenho complexo de amostragem por RDS e o efeito de homofilia sejam considerados. Discussão: Apesar de o RDS ser fundamentado em pressupostos estatísticos para obtenção de uma amostra probabilística e possibilitar estimação de parâmetros estatísticos, ele vem sendo repensado a cada nova aplicação. Na análise dos dados na totalidade da amostra, os estimadores mostraram-se robustos e coerentes aos encontrados em 2009. Entretanto, constataram-se grandes variações por cidade. Conclusão: O tamanho amostral alcançado foi de grande relevância para avaliar avanços e identificar problemas a respeito da prevenção e assistência às infecções sexualmente transmissíveis. Ressalta-se a necessidade de pensar estudos RDS com maior tempo e recursos para implementação, o que poderia permitir um melhor desenvolvimento das redes.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Respondent-Driven Sampling (RDS) has been used in surveys with key populations at risk of HIV infection, such as female sex workers (FSW). This article describes the application of the RDS method among FSW in 12 Brazilian cities, during a survey carried out in 2016. Methodology: A biological and behavioral surveillance study carried out in 12 Brazilian cities, with a minimum sample of 350 FSW in each city. Tests were performed for HIV, syphilis, and hepatitis B and C infections. A social-behavioral questionnaire was also applied. Results: The sample was comprised of 4,328 FSW. For data analysis, the sample was weighted according to each participant’s network size (due consideration to the implications of RDS complex design and to the effects of homophilia are recommended). Discussion: Although RDS methods for obtaining a statistical sample are based on strong statistical assumptions, allowing for an estimation of statistical parameters, with each new application the method has been rethought. In the analysis of whole-sample data, estimators were robust and compatible with those found in 2009. However, there were significant variations according to each city. Conclusion: The achieved sample size was of great relevance for assessing progress and identifying problems regarding the prevention and treatment of Sexually Transmitted Infections. New RDS studies with more time and operational resources should be envisaged. This could further network development.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-549720190002.supl.1

Application of the Respondent-Driven Sampling methodology in a biological and behavioral surveillance survey among female sex workers, Brazil, 2016
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Damacena, Giseli Nogueira

; Szwarcwald, Célia Landmann

; Souza Júnior, Paulo Roberto Borges de

; Ferreira Júnior, Orlando da Costa

; Almeida, Wanessa da Silva de

; Pascom, Ana Roberta Pati

; Pimenta, Maria Cristina

Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia

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2019, Volume 22 Suppl. 1 elocation e190002

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-549720190002.supl.1 1786 downloads

The 12 city HIV Surveillance Survey among MSM in Brazil 2016 using respondent-driven sampling: a description of methods and RDS diagnostics
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Kendall, Carl

; Kerr, Ligia

; Mota, Rosa Salani

; Guimarães, Mark Drew Crosland

; Leal, Andrea Fachel

; Merchan-Hamann, Edgar

; Dourado, Inês

; Veras, Maria Amélia

; Brito, Ana Maria de

; Pontes, Alexandre Kerr

; Motta-Castro, Ana Rita Coimbra

; Macena, Raimunda Hermelinda Maia

; Knauth, Daniela

; Lima, Luana Nepomuceno Gondim Costa

; Oliveira, Lisangela Cristina

; Cavalcante, Socorro

; Camillo, Ana Cláudia

; Bermudez, Ximena Pamela Diaz

; Moreira, Regina Célia

; Benzaken, Adele Schwartz

; Pereira, Gerson

; Pascom, Ana Roberta Pati

; Pimenta, Cristina

; Grazina Johnston, Lisa

Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia

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2019, Volume 22 elocation e190004

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-549720190004 2719 downloads

HIV-related risky practices among Brazilian young men, 2007
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Szwarcwald, Célia Landmann

; Andrade, Carla Lourenço Tavares de

; Pascom, Ana Roberta Pati

; Fazito, Erika

; Pereira, Gerson Fernando Mendes

; Penha, Isaque Terra da

Cadernos de Saúde Pública

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2011, Volume 27 Suppl. 1 Pages s19 - s26

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Pesquisas periódicas sobre práticas de risco relacionadas à infecção pelo HIV têm sido realizadas entre os conscritos das Forças Armadas do Brasil, desde 1996. Este artigo traz os resultados da pesquisa realizada no ano de 2007, comparando com os obtidos no período 1999-2002. Obedecendo a um plano de amostragem estratificada por região geográfica em dois estágios de seleção, 35.432 conscritos de 17 a 20 anos de idade preencheram um questionário sobre comportamento sexual. O estudo incluiu coleta de sangue para detecção de HIV e sífilis. Os achados mostram diminuição do uso regular de preservativo, com parcerias fixas e casuais, sobretudo entre os jovens com baixo grau de escolaridade. A proporção de conscritos que têm relações sexuais com homens (HSH) se manteve (3,2%), mas há uma piora no índice de comportamento sexual de risco entre os HSH. Há também um aumento na taxa de prevalência do HIV, de 9 para 11,3 por 10 mil, embora não estatisticamente significativo. Em conclusão, as evidências aqui encontradas indicam a necessidade de reformulação das políticas entre os jovens brasileiros.

Behavioral surveillance surveys have been carried among military conscripts, in Brazil, since 1996. This paper presents the results of the 2007 survey and compares actual findings with those obtained in previous studies carried out in the period 1999-2002. The conscripts were selected with a two stage sampling stratified by geographical region. The study included a self-reported questionnaire and blood collection for HIV and syphilis testing. Data from 35,432 conscripts aged 17-20 years old were analyzed. The findings show a reduction in regular condom use, with fixed and casual partners, mainly among those with poor educational level. The proportion of conscripts that have sex with other men was maintained (3.2%), but the index of risky sexual behavioral showed worsening results in this group. Also, the HIV prevalence rate increased from 9 to 11.3 per 10,000 in 2007, though the increase was not statistically significant. In conclusion, the evidences found in this paper indicate the need of reformulate policy among young adults.

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Transfer of sampling methods for studies on most-at-risk populations (MARPs) in Brazil
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Barbosa Júnior, Aristides

; Pascom, Ana Roberta Pati

; Szwarcwald, Célia Landmann

; Kendall, Carl

; McFarland, Willi

Cadernos de Saúde Pública

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2011, Volume 27 Suppl. 1 Pages s36 - s44

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

O objetivo deste trabalho é descrever o processo de transferência de dois métodos de amostragem de populações sob maior risco ao HIV: RDS (respondent driven sampling) e o TSS (time space sampling). São descritas as etapas da transferência, os procedimentos metodológicos utilizados nos dez estudos-piloto conduzidos no Brasil e as lições aprendidas desse processo. O processo de transferência foi realizado em seis etapas, que envolveram desde a apresentação do estado da arte dos métodos de amostragem até a elaboração de artigo com os resultados dos estudos-piloto. Os pesquisadores apontaram dificuldades tanto na execução do campo como na análise dos dados dos estudos, independentemente do método de amostragem utilizado. Dentre os resultados mais importantes desse processo destaca-se a capacitação de mais de 100 pesquisadores. O processo de transferência possibilitou a realização de estudos específicos para construção das linhas de base para monitoramento da epidemia nos subgrupos sob maior risco para a infecção pelo HIV, e implicou o maior conhecimento da dinâmica da disseminação da infecção pelo HIV.

The objective of this paper was to describe the process of transferring two methods for sampling most-at-risk populations: respondent-driven sampling (RDS) and time-space sampling (TSS). The article describes steps in the process, the methods used in the 10 pilot studies, and lessons learned. The process was conducted in six steps, from a state-of-the-art seminar to a workshop on writing articles with the results of the pilot studies. The principal investigators reported difficulties in the fieldwork and data analysis, independently of the pilot sampling method. One of the most important results of the transfer process is that Brazil now has more than 100 researchers able to sample MARPs using RDS or TSS. The process also enabled the construction of baselines for MARPS, thus providing a broader understanding of the dynamics of HIV infection in the country and the use of evidence to plan the national response to the epidemic in these groups.

1366 downloads

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Sex inequalities in HIV-related practices in the Brazilian population aged 15 to 64 years old, 2008
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Pascom, Ana Roberta Pati

; Szwarcwald, Célia Landmann

Cadernos de Saúde Pública

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2011, Volume 27 Suppl. 1 Pages s27 - s35

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

O objetivo do trabalho foi analisar as diferenças por sexo nas práticas relacionadas à infecção pelo HIV na população brasileira. Inquérito de âmbito nacional foi realizado em 2008, com amostra de 8 mil indivíduos de 15-64 anos. A amostragem foi estratificada por macrorregião geográfica e situação urbano/rural. Utilizou-se modelo de regressão logística para investigar os principais fatores associados às práticas de sexo protegido. Os resultados indicaram que as mulheres têm menor taxa de atividade sexual, iniciam a vida sexual mais tardiamente, têm menos parceiros casuais do que os homens, mas usam menos o preservativo. Por outro lado, a cobertura de teste de HIV é significativamente maior entre as mulheres quando comparadas aos homens. Foram evidenciadas grandes diferenças por sexo nas práticas relacionadas à infecção pelo HIV, sempre com maior vulnerabilidade associada às mulheres, exceto no que diz respeito ao teste de HIV. O baixo uso de preservativo nas situações de infidelidade foi um problema para ambos os sexos e merece consideração específica nas estratégias de prevenção.

The objective of this study is to analyze gender differences in HIV-related practices in the Brazilian population. A national survey was carried out in 2008 with a sample size of 8,000 individuals aged 15-64 years old. The sampling was stratified by macro geographical region and urban/rural areas. Logistic regression models were used to investigate the main predictors of consistent condom use. The results showed that women have less sexy, start sexual life later than men, have fewer casual sexual partners, but use condom less frequently than men. On the other hand, the coverage of HIV testing is significantly greater among women. Significant differences by gender were seen in all HIV-related risky practices. The greater vulnerability was always associated with women, with exception of HIV testing. The low proportion of condom use in infidelity situations was a problem for box sexes and deserves special consideration when developing prevention strategies.

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12.

Transfer of sampling methods for studies on most-at-risk populations (MARPs) in Brazil
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Barbosa Júnior, Aristides

; Pascom, Ana Roberta Pati

; Szwarcwald, Célia Landmann

; Kendall, Carl

; McFarland, Willi

Cadernos de Saúde Pública

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2011, Volume 27 Suppl. 1 Pages s36 - s44

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

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13.

HIV-related risky practices among Brazilian young men, 2007
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Szwarcwald, Célia Landmann

; Andrade, Carla Lourenço Tavares de

; Pascom, Ana Roberta Pati

; Fazito, Erika

; Pereira, Gerson Fernando Mendes

; Penha, Isaque Terra da

Cadernos de Saúde Pública

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2011, Volume 27 Suppl. 1 Pages s19 - s26

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

3369 downloads

14.

Sex inequalities in HIV-related practices in the Brazilian population aged 15 to 64 years old, 2008
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Pascom, Ana Roberta Pati

; Szwarcwald, Célia Landmann

Cadernos de Saúde Pública

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2011, Volume 27 Suppl. 1 Pages s27 - s35

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

3579 downloads

15.

Sampling studies to estimate the HIV prevalence rate in female commercial sex workers
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Pascom, Ana Roberta Pati

; Szwarcwald, Célia Landmann

; Barbosa Júnior, Aristides

Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases

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aug 2010, Volume 14 N. 4 Pages 385 - 397

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

INTRODUCTION: We investigated sampling methods being used to estimate the HIV prevalence rate among female commercial sex workers. METHODS: The studies were classified according to the adequacy or not of the sample size to estimate HIV prevalence rate and according to the sampling method (probabilistic or convenience). RESULTS: We identified 75 studies that estimated the HIV prevalence rate among female sex workers. Most of the studies employed convenience samples. The sample size was not adequate to estimate HIV prevalence rate in 35 studies. DISCUSSION: The use of convenience sample limits statistical inference for the whole group. It was observed that there was an increase in the number of published studies since 2005, as well as in the number of studies that used probabilistic samples. This represents a large advance in the monitoring of risk behavior practices and HIV prevalence rate in this group.

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