This is an overview of LC-MS techniques applied for macrolide determination in food, including sample preparation and method validation, as well as the policies adopted by international agencies regarding their presence in food. Techniques for the analysis of macrolides in food normally include solid phase or liquid-liquid extraction followed by HPLC. UHPLC presents advantages in running time, detectability and solvent consumption. Triple-quadrupoles are the most common analyzers in instruments used for the determination of contaminants in food, but time-of-flight and ion-trap spectrometers have been successfully applied for analyses focusing on the investigation of structural formula or the presence of degradation products.

Different agencies that supply validation guidelines worldwide establish almost the same parameters to be evaluated in the validation process of bioanalytical methods. However, they recommend different procedures, as well as establish different acceptance criteria. The present review delineates and discusses the stages involved in the validation procedures of bioanalytical methods designed for determining veterinary residues in food, explaining the main differences in the guidelines established for this purpose by the main regulatory agencies in the world.

O tomateiro é uma olerícola de grande importância econômica e uma das mais suscetíveis a viroses, dentre as quais, a causada pelo vírus do mosaico do tomateiro (ToMV), gênero Tobamovirus, que tem como sintomas mosaico verde claro-escuro nas folhas, afilamento dos folíolos e diminuição da produção, entre outros sintomas. Visando a identificação do ToMV, foram produzidos anticorpos monoclonais (MAbs), testados através de PTA- ELISA ("plate trapped antigen- enzyme linked immunoassay"). O MAb (10.H1) foi utilizado para avaliar a capacidade de identificação do ToMV em testes no campo em plantas de tomate infectadas. O MAb não apresentou reação cruzada com TMV (tobamovirus do mosaico do tabaco) nem com extrato de plantas sadias. O ToMV das amostras foi isolado, purificado e re-inoculado em plantas de tomateiro e de tabaco, para confirmação dos sintomas. Em "immunobloting" o MAb 10.H1 reconheceu somente a proteína referente à capa protéica do ToMV (de 17,5 kDa). A especificidade do MAb 10.H1 pode permitir o diagnóstico precoce desta doença na fase de plântulas, ainda em casa de vegetação, evitando assim a disseminação desta virose no campo.

Tomato is a highly important crop for the world economy, and very susceptible to virus diseases, among them the tomato mosaic tobamovirus (ToMV), which causes light and dark green mosaic in the leaves, decreases yield, among other symptoms. With the aim of early identifying ToMV in biological material, harvested from crop fields, monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were produced against ToMV. The MAb 10.H1 tested through PTA-ELISA (Plate Trapped Antigen--Enzyme-Linked immunosorbent assay), does not cross-react with TMV (tobacco mosaic tobamovirus) or with proteins extracted from plant sap. The MAb was able to identify ToMV from infected plants. The ToMV was isolated, purified and used to re-inoculate tobacco and tomato plants to confirm the symptoms. In immunoblotting assays the MAb recognizes only the band corresponding to the coat protein of the ToMV (17.5 kDa). The MAb 10.H1 opens the possibility to identify ToMV in tomato seedlings avoiding its dissemination in cropped fields.