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¿En qué creen los chilenos/as?: la arraigada prevalencia de las ideas infundadas y el pensamiento mágico
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Rodríguez-Garcés, Carlos

; Espinosa-Valenzuela, Denisse

; Padilla-Fuentes, Geraldo

Revista Internacional de Investigación en Ciencias Sociales

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dec 2023, Volume 19 N. 2 Pages 217 - 234

Abstract: Es En | Text: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

RESUMEN La Ciencia y la Tecnología cumplen un rol fundamental en el desarrollo, progreso y bienestar de cualquier población. Por lo anterior, con los datos de la Segunda Encuesta Nacional de Percepción Social sobre Ciencia y Tecnología el objetivo de este artículo es analizar las percepciones e imaginarios que tiene la ciudadanía sobre ciencia y creencias infundadas. A grandes rasgos, los resultados dan cuenta de que, a pesar de que las personas son conscientes de lo que es ciencia en tanto contenido, finalidad y procedimiento, persisten en magnitudes significativas un conjunto de creencias infundadas y fantasiosas. Arraigados sistemas de creencias que operan con independencia relativa de factores signados como protectores como lo sería el mayor nivel educativo. Las conclusiones enfatizan en la importancia del desarrollo del pensamiento crítico como mecanismo para preservarnos del engaño, manipulación e intolerancia.

ABSTRACT Science and technology play a fundamental role in the development, progress, and welfare of the population. Using data from the Second National Survey of Social Perception on Science and Technology (EPSCT), the objective of this article is to analyze the perceptions and imaginaries that citizens have about science and unfounded beliefs. Broadly speaking, the results show that, despite the fact that people know what science is, its content, purpose, and procedures, they retain an important set of unfounded and fanciful beliefs. Beliefs that operate relatively independent of protective factors such as higher educational level. The conclusions emphasize the importance of the development of critical thinking as a mechanism to avoid deception, manipulation, and intolerance of some beliefs in the population.

https://doi.org/10.18004/riics.2023.diciembre.217

Cuando el estudiantado habla: percepciones y miradas sobre las metodologías de enseñanza de la filosofía en educación media
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Nieto Mendoza, Isaac

; Ribon Pérez, Luis

; Ortiz Padilla, Martha

; Cárdenas Ortiz, Luis Carlos

; Villasmil Molero, Milagros

; Camargo Sibaja, Lorena

Revista Educación

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dec 2023, Volume 47 N. 2 Pages 538 - 565

Abstract: Es En | Text: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

Resumen La filosofía en las escuelas es considerada una asignatura de alto impacto para el fortalecimiento de habilidades de pensamiento crítico y reflexivo. No obstante, aunque se reconozca su valor, también se ha cuestionado sobre su utilidad en el currículo educativo siendo un tema latente en la escena educativa actual. Esta investigación tiene como objetivo conocer las percepciones y miradas del estudiantado de la ciudad de Barranquilla (Colombia) con respecto a la forma en que se enseña filosofía en las aulas y sus consideraciones sobre la utilidad del saber filosófico, según las metodologías de enseñanza. Se utilizó el enfoque cualitativo, diseño etnográfico y tipo descriptivo, por medio de la entrevista semiestructurada, para conocer el testimonio de 20 personas estudiantes pertenecientes a 10 instituciones educativas oficiales de la ciudad de Barranquilla en el año 2022. Los resultados dan cuenta de que el estudiantado consideran el saber filosófico como inútil, debido a las metodologías de enseñanza tradicionalistas basadas en el aprendizaje memorístico, la falta de espacios de reflexión, el dogmatismo académico y la falta de formación docente para ofrecer conocimientos sobre filosofía. Por esto, se hace necesario fomentar la participación del alumnado a partir de espacios de discusión y reflexión con respecto a la aplicabilidad de los contenidos filosóficos en la cotidianidad estudiantil.

Abstract Philosophy in schools is considered a subject of high impact for strengthening critical and reflective thinking skills. However, despite its recognized value, questions have also been raised about its utility in the educational curriculum, making it a prominent topic in the current educational scene. Therefore, this research aims to explore the perceptions and viewpoints of students in the city of Barranquilla, Colombia, regarding how philosophy is taught in classrooms and their considerations about the utility of philosophical knowledge based on teaching methodologies. The authors used a qualitative approach with an ethnographic design and descriptive type; additionally, they employed a using semi-structured interviews to gather insights from 20 student participants belonging to 10 official educational institutions in Barranquilla in the year 2022. Regarding the findings, they indicate that students consider philosophical knowledge to be of little utility due to traditional teaching methodologies that rely on rote memorization, a lack of spaces for reflection, academic dogmatism, and insufficient teacher training in delivering philosophical knowledge. Therefore, it is necessary to promote student participation through spaces for discussion and reflection on the applicability of philosophical content in students' daily lives.

https://doi.org/10.15517/revedu.v47i2.53838

Precios del petróleo WTI y actividades económicas en Bolivia, periodo 2011-2020
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Rojas Padilla, Carlos Alberto

; Serrudo, Lucy Daniela

; Salinas, Natalia

; Sossa, Anahí Soliz

Revista Investigación y Negocios

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oct 2023, Volume 16 N. 28 Pages 149 - 154

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Abstract Establishing the causal relationship between international oil prices (WTI) and economic activity in Bolivia is the scope of the research. Based on a previous conjecture, “There is causality between oil prices (WTI) and economic activity in Bolivia, period 2011-2020,” the eminently quantitative methodological design, with historical information summarized in 38 quarterly data in time series, allowed for statistical analysis. The statistical approach to the data was developed based on the Windows 2013 Excel program and the EVIEWS program. The results, based on statistics, allow us to affirm that the relationship between the WTI variable and GDP and the main sectors of the Bolivian economy is nonexistent. There is no longer any adjustment between the variables. Fluctuations in oil prices do not explain changes in Bolivian economic variables. The Granger causality test, through VAR, considering 4 lags, allowed to reinforce the previous conclusions in the sense that there is no Granger causality between the variables analyzed. Variable X does not cause variable Y in the sense of Granger. Therefore, it is concluded that any relationship is spurious, since there is no cointegration, synchronization between the rises and falls of the variables.

Resumen Establecer la relación causal de los precios internacionales del petróleo (WTI) y la actividad económica en Bolivia, representa el alcance de la investigación, a partir de una conjetura previa “Existe causalidad entre los precios del petróleo (WTI) y la actividad económica en Bolivia, periodo 2011 - 2020” el diseño metodológico eminentemente cuantitativo, con la información histórica resumida en 38 datos trimestrales en series de tiempo, permitió el análisis estadístico. El abordaje estadístico de los datos, se desarrolló en base al programa Excel de Windows 2013, y el programa EVIEWS, los resultados fundamentados en estadísticos, permite afirmar que la relación de la variable WTI, con el PIB y los principales sectores de la economía boliviana, es inexistente, ya no existe ajuste entre las variables, las fluctuaciones en los precios del petróleo, no explican los cambios en las variables económicas bolivianas. El test de causalidad de Granger, por medio del VAR, considerando 4 rezagos, permitió reforzar las conclusiones anteriores en el sentido de que no existe causalidad de Granger entre las variables analizadas, la variable X, no causa a la variable Y en el sentido de Granger, por lo que se concluye que cualquier relación es espuria, ya que, no existe cointegraciòn, sincronía entre los ascensos y descensos de las variables.

https://doi.org/10.38147/invneg.v16i28.220

Neutralización del virus SARS-CoV-2 (linaje B.1.1) por suero hiperinmune de llama (Lama glama) en cultivo de células Vero
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Yaniro, Verónica

; Capristano, Silvia

; Bailon, Henri

; Lévano, Juan

; Galarza, Marco

; García, David

; Cáceres, Omar

; Padilla, Carlos

; Montejo, Harrison

; García, Paquita

; Celis, Mary

; Seraylan, Silvia

; Garayar, Yessica

; Palomino, Miryam

Revista Peruana de Medicina Experimental y Salud Pública

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sep 2023, Volume 40 N. 3 Pages 287 - 296

Abstract: Es En | Text: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

RESUMEN Objetivo. Evaluar la respuesta serológica de anticuerpos de una llama (Lama glama) a la inmunización del virus SARS-CoV-2 (linaje B.1.1) y la capacidad neutralizante del suero de llama hiperinmune frente al virus SARS-CoV-2 (linaje B.1.1) en células Vero. Materiales y métodos. Se inmunizó una llama con el virus SARS-CoV-2 inactivado (Linaje B.1.1) y se analizaron muestras de suero para evaluar el nivel de anticuerpos mediante ELISA, así como la reactividad a antígenos de SARS-CoV-2 mediante Western Blot. Además, se evaluó la neutralización viral en cultivos celulares por la Prueba de Neutralización por Reducción de Placas (PRNT, por sus siglas en inglés). Resultados. Se observó un aumento en la serorreactividad en la llama inmunizada desde la semana 4 en adelante. Los títulos de anticuerpos fueron más elevados en el séptimo refuerzo de inmunización. Los resultados de Western Blot confirmaron los hallazgos positivos del ELISA, y los anticuerpos del suero inmune reconocieron varias proteínas virales. El ensayo de neutralización (PRNT) mostró una neutralización viral visible, concordante con los resultados de ELISA y Western Blot. Conclusiones. Los hallazgos sugieren que el suero hiperinmune de llama podría constituir una fuente de anticuerpos terapéuticos contra las infecciones por el virus SARS-CoV-2 (linaje B.1.1) y que deberá ser evaluado en estudios posteriores.

ABSTRACT Objective. To evaluate the serological antibody response of a llama (Lama glama) to SARS-CoV-2 (B.1.1 lineage) immunization and the neutralizing capacity of hyperimmune llama serum against SARS-CoV-2 virus (B.1.1 lineage) in Vero cells. Materials and methods. A llama was immunized with inactivated SARS-CoV-2 (B.1.1 lineage). Serum samples were analyzed to evaluate the level of antibodies by ELISA, as well as reactivity to SARS-CoV-2 antigens by Western Blot. In addition, viral neutralization in cell cultures was assessed by the Plate Reduction Neutralization Test (PRNT). Results . Seroreactivity increased in the immunized llama from week 4 onwards. Antibody titers were the highest after the seventh immunization booster. Western blot results confirmed the positive ELISA findings, and immune serum antibodies recognized several viral proteins. The neutralization assay (PRNT) showed visible viral neutralization, which was in accordance with the ELISA and Western Blot results. Conclusions. The findings suggest that hyperimmune llama serum could constitute a source of therapeutic antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 infections (lineage B.1.1), and should be studied in further research.

https://doi.org/10.17843/rpmesp.2023.403.12509

Pseudoaneurismas por drogas intravenosas
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Hernández-Hurtado, Omar A.

; Flores-Ramírez, Carlos

; Hernández-Rivera, Luisa F.

; Molina-Avilés, Gisela

; Berrones-Garza, Marián

; Padilla-Hernández, Leopoldo E.

; Portillo- Aguirre, Ana G.

; González-Plascencia, Felipe R.

; Hinojos-Flotte, Raúl A.

; Delgado-Ortega, Dalia G.

; Mendoza-Romo Ramírez, Miguel A.

; Carrasco-Arredondo, Yarazi M.

; Gallegos-Gardea, Odalis

Revista mexicana de angiología

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sep 2023, Volume 51 N. 3 Pages 77 - 84

Abstract: Es En | Text: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

Resumen Antecedentes: En los pseudoaneurismas infectados de arteria femoral asociados al uso de drogas intravenosas, la ligadura primaria para el tratamiento causa controversia, sin embargo, el territorio comprometido puede continuar irrigado por vías colaterales. Objetivo: Reportar la experiencia del manejo de pseudoaneurismas en un servicio de angiología y cirugía vascular. Métodos: Estudio observacional, descriptivo de una serie de casos. Resultados: Se reportan 15 pacientes, relación hombre: mujer 14:1, promedio de edad de 42 años. Siete (46.6%) con presentación de pseudoaneurisma femoral izquierdo, 5 (33.3%) de ellos con presentación de pseudoaneurisma femoral derecho, 2 (13.3%) con pseudoaneurisma humeral derecho y uno (6.6%) con pseudoaneurisma humeral izquierdo. En 12 se realizó exclusión del pseudoaneurisma con triple ligadura; y 3 pacientes fueron sometidos a revascularización. Conclusiones: En nuestra experiencia, la ligadura primaria sin revascularización tuvo incidencia de amputación baja y supervivencia alta de los pacientes afectados, siendo la claudicación la secuela más frecuente.

Abstract Background: In intravenous drug-infected femoral pseudoaneurysms, primary ligation for treatment is controversial, but the compromised territory can remain irrigated by collateral routes. Objective: To report the experience in the management of pseudoaneurysms in our angiology and vascular surgery service. Methods: Observational, descriptive study of a series of cases. Results: 15 patients are reported, male: female ratio 14:1, average age 42 years. Seven (46.6%) presented with a left femoral pseudoaneurysm, 5 (33.3%) presented with a right femoral pseudoaneurysm, 2 (13.3%) with a right brachial pseudoaneurysm, and one (6.6%) with a left brachial pseudoaneurysm. In 12, exclusion of the pseudoaneurysm was performed with triple ligation; 3 patients underwent revascularization. Conclusions: In our experience the primary ligature without revascularization has a low incidence of amputation and high survival of affected patients, being claudication the most frequent sequel.

https://doi.org/10.24875/rma.23000012

Estimation of differential growth of the protandrous hermaphrodite marine gastropod Trochita trochiformis (Littorinimorpha: Calyptraeidae) using Schnute model cases
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Cerros-Cornelio, Juan Carlos

; Flores-Garza, Rafael

; Padilla-Serrato, Jesús Guadalupe

; Flores-Rodríguez, Pedro

; Torreblanca-Ramírez, Carmina

; Castrejón-Ríos, Alma Rubí

Latin american journal of aquatic research

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jul 2023, Volume 51 N. 3 Pages 421 - 434

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT The snail Trochita trochiformis is a mollusk captured on the coasts of Jalisco and Guerrero of the Mexican Pacific. Despite its importance in artisanal fisheries, information on its population parameters is still being determined. This research aimed to determine the diameter-weight relationship, sex ratio, cohorts, and growth of this species. Specimens were captured from October 2019 to September 2021. Shell diameter (Sd), total weight (TW), and the sex of the organisms were gathered from a total of 1763 females and 956 males. The sex ratio was 1.84:1, and the X2 test (P < 0.05) indicated significant differences. The Sd-Tw relationship for females and males was potential-type. The values of the allometry coefficient for both sexes were b = 2.61, b = 2.60 for females, and b = 2.62 for males. In all three cases, the t-Student test indicated negative allometric growth, which indicates that the species first grows in shell diameter, then in body weight. The ANCOVA did not show significant differences in the Sd-Tw relationships between sexes (P = 0.902). The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test applied to the Sd data showed differences between sexes (P < 0.001). In females, differences were observed in 71.5% by monthly comparisons, while in males, differences were found in 58.1%. Multinomial analysis showed three modal groups and 14 individual cohorts for both females and males. Case 2 of the Schnute model was the best for females (wi = 0.39) and males (wi = 0.53), showing sigmoidal Gompertz-type growth. The resulting growth curves showed that females exhibit accelerated growth concerning males and that both sexes reach their maximum size, 88.04 and 86.23 mm, respectively, at approximately 10 years of age.

https://doi.org/10.3856/vol51-issue3-fulltext-3016

Malestar subjetivo e incertidumbre educativa durante la pandemia por Covid-19
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Espinosa-Valenzuela, Denisse

; Rodríguez-Garcés, Carlos

; Padilla-Fuentes, Geraldo

ALTERIDAD.Revista de Educación

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jun 2023, Volume 18 N. 1 Pages 99 - 112

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Abstract The health crisis caused by Covid-19 has consequences that go beyond the strictly biomedical, having a differential impact on the labor market, economic and subjective well-being of the population, causing high vulnerability and prolonged uncertainty. The pandemic has produced events that escape the biomedical, impacting differentially on people’s economic and subjective well-being. By means of contingency tables and Classification Trees, we analyze the perception, uncertainty and feelings that young people between 14 and 24 years old have about the pandemic and its effects, reported in the Covid-19 Youth survey. Of special interest are those who fear losing the school year due to the health crisis. The results highlight that young people recognize the seriousness of Covid-19, although they perceive that adults exaggerate the crisis and that young people are not infected; in addition, they report high levels of uncertainty due to the death of a family member or friend, family economic problems, and fear of losing the school year. Educational uncertainty is predominant among younger youth and is linked to high levels of worry, anxiety and fear, together with the manifestation of compulsive drinking and insomnia. The conclusions highlight the impacts that the pandemic has had on the subjective wellbeing of the young population; socioemotional deterioration related to the fear of death of close ones, family economic problems, and losing the school year. This problem raises the need for a multidimensional and extended approach beyond the end of the pandemic.

Resumen La crisis sanitaria por la Covid-19 tiene secuelas que van más allá de los aspectos estrictamente biomédicos impactando diferencialmente sobre el mercado del trabajo, bienestar económico y subjetivo de la población, provocando una alta vulnerabilidad y una prolongada incertidumbre. Con datos de la Encuesta Jóvenes Covid-19 y mediante tablas de contingencia y árboles de clasificación, el objetivo de este artículo es analizar la percepción, incertidumbre y sentimientos que jóvenes entre 14 y 24 años tienen sobre la pandemia y sus efectos, con especial énfasis en quienes temen perder el año escolar por la crisis sanitaria. Los resultados destacan que los y las jóvenes reconocen la gravedad de la Covid-19, aunque perciben que los adultos exageran la crisis y que los jóvenes no se contagian; además, reportan altos niveles de incertidumbre por la muerte de algún familiar o amigo/a, problemas económicos familiares y temor a perder el año escolar. Incertidumbre educativa predominante en jóvenes de menor edad con altos niveles de preocupación, angustia y miedo, junto con la manifestación de ingesta compulsiva e insomnio. Las conclusiones remarcan los impactos que la pandemia ha tenido sobre el bienestar subjetivo de la población joven, deterioro socioemocional cimentado sobre un extendido miedo a la muerte de cercanos/as, los problemas económicos familiares y perder el año escolar; problemática que plantea la necesidad de un abordaje multidimensional y extendido más allá del término de la pandemia.

https://doi.org/10.17163/alt.v18n1.2023.08

Massive production of Hemileia vastatrix uredospores for inoculation of coffee seedlings
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Hernández-Amasifuen, Angel David

; Rivadeneyra-Chisquipama, Lenin

; Padilla-Dominguez, Amner

; Paredes-Espinosa, Richard

; Guerrero-Abad, Juan Carlos

; Torres-Flores, Elías

; Peláez-Rivera, Jorge Luis

; Carvajal-Vallejos, Fernando Marcelo

; Gutiérrez-Reynoso, Dina Lida

; Corazon-Guivin, Mike Anderson

Scientia Agropecuaria

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apr 2023, Volume 14 N. 2 Pages 259 - 267

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Coffee leaf rust (Hemileia vastatrix) is the most important disease in coffee crops around the world. Currently, there is limited knowledge about mass production methodologies and ex-situ infection of H. vastatrix that lead to the development of different health characterization studies of Coffea or disease phenotyping. In this context, the aim of this research was to develop a simple protocol for the mass production of coffee rust uredospores under controlled conditions and to determine their infection in coffee seedlings. Uredospores of H. vastatrix were collected from infected plants in the “Chontal” coffee-growing area in San Martín, Peru. The viability of uredospore germination was evaluated, and a uredospores suspension (2 x 105 uredospores/mL) was prepared to inoculate coffee seedlings. Incidence and sporulation rates were evaluated after 43 days of inoculation. During the multiplication process of H. vastatrix uredospores, using controlled conditions (23±1 °C, ≈ 80% relative humidity and photoperiod of 16 hours of light) under an innovative system, the first symptoms of chlorosis were observed on coffee leaves 20 days after inoculation. Our findings show a 100% incidence of inoculated coffee plants with an average of 54 mg of H. vastatrix uredospores per plant and a 1.38 x 10-1 mg/cm2 sporulation rate. Finally, here we report a protocol that allows mass multiplication of H. vastatrix uredospores under controlled conditions, that would be useful in any time for coffee leaf rust bioassays.

https://doi.org/10.17268/sci.agropecu.2023.023

Dimensiones tecnológicas en tareas de libros de texto de matemáticas
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Hernández Sánchez, Judith Alejandra

; Padilla Márquez, Cinthya Adriana Elizabeth

; Briceño Solís, Eduardo Carlos

Revista electrónica de investigación educativa

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2023, Volume 25 elocation e19

Abstract: Pt En Es | Text: Pt En Es | PDF: Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Resumo O currículo de Matemática do Ensino Secundário estabelece que a tecnologia, além de fornecer informação e comunicação, deve favorecer aprendizagens chave; no entanto, por diferentes razões, seu alcance na sala de aula é limitado. O presente estudo analisa 189 tarefas matemáticas propostas em oito livros didáticos que utilizam tecnologia; as tarefas foram classificadas de acordo com o aprendizado previsto em uma das três dimensões tecnológicas (informática, técnica ou didática) por meio de análise de conteúdo. Os resultados mostram diferenças entre os livros que seguem os modelos SEP 2011 e SEP 2017, bem como entre os eixos temáticos, mas há uma tendência favorável à promoção do uso racional da tecnologia em sala de aula. Por outro lado, também foram identificadas dificuldades que poderiam servir de guia para professores, editores ou autoridades na hora de implementar, editar e escolher livros didáticos, respectivamente.

Abstract The mathematics curriculum for lower secondary education stipulates that technology should not only provide a means of information and communication but also support key learning. However, for various reasons, the scope of technology in classrooms is limited. This research examines 189 mathematics tasks from eight textbooks, each using technology. The tasks were classified based on expected learning in one of three technological dimensions (informational, technical or didactic) by means of content analysis. The results show differences both between textbooks following the SEP 2011 and SEP 2017 models and between content areas. There is, however, a positive trend toward promoting a well-reasoned use of technology in the classroom. Conversely, the study also identified difficulties that may serve as guidelines for teachers, publishers, and authorities in using, publishing, and selecting textbooks, respectively.

Resumen El currículum de Matemáticas de secundaria establece que la tecnología, además de proveer información y comunicación, debe favorecer aprendizajes clave; sin embargo, por diferentes motivos su alcance en las aulas es limitado. El presente estudio analiza 189 tareas de matemáticas propuestas en ocho libros de texto que usan tecnología; las tareas fueron clasificadas según el aprendizaje previsto en una de las tres dimensiones tecnológicas (informática, técnica o didáctica) mediante el análisis de contenido. Los resultados muestran diferencias tanto entre los libros que atienden los modelos SEP 2011 y SEP 2017 como entre los ejes temáticos, pero hay una tendencia favorable a promover un uso razonado de la tecnología en las aulas. Por otro lado, se identificaron también dificultades que podrían servir de guía a profesores, editoriales o autoridades al implementar, editar y elegir libros de texto, respectivamente.

https://doi.org/10.24320/redie.2023.25.e19.4527

10.

Factores determinantes de morbimortalidad en aneurismas de aorta abdominal rotos en cirugía abierta
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Domínguez-González, Brian B.

; Hernández-Hurtado, Omar A.

; Flores-Ramírez, Carlos

; Santoscoy-Ibarra, Joaquín M.

; Padilla-Hernández, Leopoldo E.

; Arroyo-Sámano, Xavier O.

Revista mexicana de angiología

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dec 2022, Volume 50 N. 4 Pages 134 - 139

Abstract: Es En | Text: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

Resumen Antecedentes: La ruptura de un aneurisma de aorta abdominal (rAAA) tiene una alta mortalidad. Objetivo: Analizar los factores que influyen en la mortalidad y la sobrevida de los pacientes con rAAA. Métodos: Revisión retrospectiva, se estudiaron 32 pacientes tratados por rAAA, calculando medidas de tendencia central, prueba de χ2, riesgo de razón de momios (OR, odds ratio) e intervalo de confianza del 95% (IC95%) de la variable mortalidad. Resultados: La mortalidad a 30 días fue del 84.4%. El 53.23% desarrolló falla renal aguda y encontramos que el 80% de los pacientes con control suprarrenal estaba en este grupo (OR: 3.529; IC95%: 0.442-28.202), con una mortalidad del 100% cuando se asoció a hemodiálisis (OR: 1.929; 95%CI: 1.341-2.774; p = 0.044). Un pinzamiento mayor de 50 minutos se asoció a un 95% de fallecimientos (OR: 4.074; 95%CI: 0.669-23.73). Un índice neutrófilo-linfocito > 5 tuvo un 96% de mortalidad (OR: 4.444; IC95%: 0.766-25.784). Conclusiones: La identificación de los factores implicados en la morbimortalidad nos asistirá en la implementación de programas como el cribado para una detección oportuna y ofrecer tratamientos apropiados de manera electiva antes de que ocurran complicaciones como la ruptura con un desenlace catastrófico.

Abstract Background: Ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms (rAAA) have an elevated mortality. Objective: To analyze factors that influence in mortality and survival in patients with rAAA. Methods: Retrospective review, thirty-two patients treated for rAAA were studied, calculating measures of central tendency, χ2 test, odds ratio (OR), and 95% confidence interval (95%CI) of the variable mortality. Results: Mortality at thirty days was 84%, 53% of patients developed acute renal failure, and we found that 80% of patients with suprarenal control were in this group (OR: 3.529; 95%CI: 0.442-28.202), with a mortality of 100% when associated with hemodialysis (OR: 1.929; 95%CI: 1.341-2.774; p = 0.044). A clamping longer than 50 minutes was associated with 95% deaths (OR: 4.074; 95%CI: 0.669-23.73). The neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio > 5 had 96% mortality (OR: 4.444; 95%CI: 0.766-25.784). Conclusions: The identification of the factors involved in morbidity and mortality will assist us to carry out programs such as screening for timely AAA detection, and to offer timely treatments electively before complications occurs such as rupture with a catastrophic outcome.

https://doi.org/10.24875/rma.22000036

11.

COVID-19 Outcome Prediction by Integrating Clinical and Metabolic Data using Machine Learning Algorithms
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Villagrana-Bañuelos, Karen E.

; Maeda-Gutiérrez, Valeria

; Alcalá-Rmz, Vanessa

; Oropeza-Valdez, Juan J.

; Herrera-Van Oostdam, Ana S.

; Castañeda-Delgado, Julio E.

; López, Jesús Adrián

; Borrego Moreno, Juan C.

; Galván-Tejada, Carlos E.

; Galván-Tejeda, Jorge I.

; Gamboa-Rosales, Hamurabi

; Luna-García, Huizilopoztli

; Celaya-Padilla, José M.

; López-Hernández, Yamilé

Revista de investigación clínica

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dec 2022, Volume 74 N. 6 Pages 314 - 327

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Background: The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus and is responsible for nearly 6 million deaths worldwide in the past 2 years. Machine learning (ML) models could help physicians in identifying high-risk individuals. Objectives: To study the use of ML models for COVID-19 prediction outcomes using clinical data and a combination of clinical and metabolic data, measured in a metabolomics facility from a public university. Methods: A total of 154 patients were included in the study. “Basic profile” was considered with clinical and demographic variables (33 variables), whereas in the “extended profile,” metabolomic and immunological variables were also considered (156 characteristics). A selection of features was carried out for each of the profiles with a genetic algorithm (GA) and random forest models were trained and tested to predict each of the stages of COVID-19. Results: The model based on extended profile was more useful in early stages of the disease. Models based on clinical data were preferred for predicting severe and critical illness and death. ML detected trimethylamine N-oxide, lipid mediators, and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio as important variables. Conclusion: ML and GAs provided adequate models to predict COVID-19 outcomes in patients with different severity grades.

https://doi.org/10.24875/ric.22000182

12.

Inseguridad ciudadana y delitos de mayor connotación social: formas y extensiones del temor a la delincuencia en Chile
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Padilla Fuentes, Geraldo

; Rodríguez Garcés, Carlos

; Espinosa Valenzuela, Denisse

Cuaderno urbano

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dec 2022, Volume 33 N. 33 Pages 78 - 101

Abstract: Es Pt En | Text: Es Pt En | PDF: Es | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumen Este artículo explora y analiza la inseguridad ciudadana frente a la delincuencia en Chile, especialmente la vinculada con los llamados delitos de mayor connotación social (DMCS). El diseño metodológico fue de corriente cuantitativa y de tipo analítico-transeccional, utilizando técnicas descriptivas e inferenciales con datos de la Encuesta Nacional Urbana de Seguridad Ciudadana (ENUSC) del año 2019. Los principales hallazgos fueron que los DMCS tienen una marcada preponderancia en el temor ciudadano a la delincuencia; segundo, que en el interior de esta tipología las personas se ven muy expuestas a los DMCS contra la persona, especialmente los robos con violencia y por sorpresa y, tercero, que la inseguridad es un fenómeno transversal entre grupos de comparación. Las conclusiones destacan el carácter polimorfo de la inseguridad, un sentimiento que puede ser afectado por diversas fuentes y tiene sus propias dinámicas.

Resumo Este artigo explora e analisa a insegurança cidadã diante da criminalidade no Chile, especialmente aquela ligada aos chamados “crimes de maior conotação social”. O projeto metodológico foi quantitativo e analítico-transversal, utilizando técnicas descritivas e inferenciais com dados da Pesquisa Nacional Urbana de Segurança Cidadã do ano 2019. As principais descobertas foram que os crimes de maior conotação social têm uma preponderância marcante no medo do crime por parte dos cidadãos; segundo, que dentro desta tipologia as pessoas estão altamente expostas aos crimes de maior conotação social contra a pessoa, especialmente roubo com violência e de surpresa; e terceiro, que a insegurança é um fenômeno transversal entre os grupos de comparação. As descobertas destacam a natureza polimórfica da insegurança, um sentimento que pode ser afetado por várias fontes e tem sua própria dinâmica.

Abstract This article explores and analyzes citizen insecurity in the face of crime in Chile, especially that known as “crimes of greater social connotation”. The methodological design was quantitative and analytical-transectional, using descriptive and inferential techniques with data from the National Urban Survey of Citizen Security made in 2019. The main findings were that crimes of greater social connotation have a marked preponderance in citizen fear of crime; second, that within this typology people are highly exposed to crimes of greater social connotation against the person, especially robberies with violence and by surprise; and third, that insecurity is a cross-sectional phenomenon between comparison groups. The conclusions highlight the polymorphous nature of insecurity, a feeling that can be affected by various sources and has its own dynamics.

https://doi.org/10.30972/crn.33336231

13.

Code infarction initiative of Bajio region, during the pandemic by COVID-19 in a reconversion hospital
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Villar-Valencia, Cristian Adrián

; Hernández-González, Martha Alicia

; Borrayo-Sánchez, Gabriela

; Celis-Quintal, Juan German

; Solorio-Meza, Sergio Eduardo

; Medina-Torres, Oscar Samuel

; Gutiérrez-Galván, Maraí Xochitl

; Rodríguez-Martínez, Braulio

; Prado-Rodríguez, Luis Humberto

; Vázquez-Morones, Ana Laura

; Alatoma-Medina, Juan Pablo

; Hernández-Estala, Jorge

; Patiño-Amaya, Aristóteles

; Magdaleno-Serrano, Hugo Ivan

; Rodríguez-Déniz, Carmen

; Arellano-Sotelo, Hugo

; Nava-Hernández, Guillermo

; Ramírez-Vázquez, Ricardo

; Chimal-Flores, Marco Antonio

; Alegría-Peredia, Emiliano

; Ramos-González, Gerardo Rubén

; Pérez-Benítez, Rigoberto

; Bermúdez-Acévez, Erik

; Valencia-Martínez, Hypatia

; Segovia-Solís, Hugo

; López-Varela, Manuel

; Monroy-Córdoba, Doryan

; Marmolejo-López, Adriana

; Báez-Montes, Alfredo

; Hernández-Cerqueda, Fabián

; Nolasco-Muñoz, Luis Ricardo

; Vargas-Ramírez, Luis Manuel

; Celis-Quintal, Juan German

; Bernal-Ruíz, Enrique Alfredo

; Delgado-Sánchez, Anabella

; Sánchez-López, José Manuel

; Bautista-López, Germán Ramón

; Acevedo-Gómez, Pablo Francisco

; Acuña-Valerio, Jorge Francisco

; González-Ortíz, Oracio

; Hernández-Padilla, Adolfo Asahel

; Solórzano-Vázquez, Marco Alejandro

; Franco-Herrera, Noel

; González, Luis Jonathan

; Reyes-Álvarez, José Miguel

; Salinas-Cavazos, Iván Rosendo

; Tiscareño-Villanueva, Ashby Daniel

; Vidrio-Villaseñor, Ramiro

; Fernández-Yáñez, Gabriel

; Meza, Ma. Guadalupe

; Nucamendi-Solórzano, Freeman Issac

; Sandoval-Uribe, José de Jesús

; Sotelo-García, Luis David

; Zamoaya-Paz, Luis Carlos

; Espriu, Donovan Fernando

; García-Rodríguez, Román

; López-Ibarra, Daniel Eugenio

; López-Valencia, Andrea Janeth

; Villar-Valencia, Cristian Adrián

; Navarro-Pérez-Macedo, Javier

Cardiovascular and metabolic science

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sep 2022, Volume 33 N. 3 Pages 97 - 105

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Abstract: Introduction: Acute myocardial infarction has a high prevalence and possibility of death if timely care is not given. It is possible that treatment could be delayed during a health crisis such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the function of the infarction code in the High Specialty Medical Unit of our institution. The medical indicators of acute coronary ischemic syndrome with ST-segment elevation were compared at two times: before the COVID-19 pandemic and during it. Material and methods: An ambispective, analytical, comparative cohort study was conducted, comparing the periods of February-September 2019 and February-September 2020, in the High Specialty Medical Unit, Centro Médico del Bajío number 1, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Leon, Guanajuato, Mexico. All patients older than 18 years with clinical, electrocardiographic, and enzymatic data of acute coronary ischemic syndrome, accepted in the medical network as infarction code registered in the National Registry of Acute Coronary Ischemic Syndromes (RENASCA) electronic case report form were included in the study. Results: The independent samples t-test was used to determine the impact of the infarction code initiative based on the reperfusion therapies performed, the door-to-needle, the door-to-balloon time, and the ischemia time. There was a significant difference in the reperfusion strategy, with greater thrombolysis during the COVID-19 pandemic (57.4% versus 72.6%, odds ratio [OR] 1.97, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.49-0.82, p < 0.001), as well as reperfusion criteria (21.03% versus 35.37%, OR 2.05, 95% CI 0.53-0.80, p < 0.0001). Mortality was not different between the time periods. Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic has not impacted operation of the infarction code in the High Specialty Medical Unit Centro Médico del Bajío number 1 because the medical indicators of acute coronary ischemic syndrome with ST-segment elevation did not change.

resumen está disponible en el texto completo

https://doi.org/10.35366/107622

14.

Neumomediastino y fugas de aire secundarias a COVID-19: manejo expectante vs. invasivo de una complicación infrecuente
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Hernández-Fonseca, Arturo Y.

; Pérez-Martínez, Carlos Adrián

; Padilla-Santamaría, Fernando

Cirugía y cirujanos

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aug 2022, Volume 90 N. 4 Pages 543 - 547

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Abstract Several alterations that, due to their pathophysiology, are collectively classified as “air leaks”, have been rare complications of COVID-19 pneumonia. In the context of infection by SARS-CoV-2, the debate arises as to whether these are classified as spontaneous or secondary, since the multiple mechanisms of pulmonary structural damage that COVID-19 entails condition lung fragility in a patient in short time. For the above, we presents the case of a 36-year-old female patient with COVID-19 complicated with pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema in order to illustrate and discuss these complications.

Resumen Diversas alteraciones que, por su fisiopatología, son clasificadas en conjunto como «fugas de aire», han sido complicaciones raras de la neumonía por COVID-19. Respecto a la infección por SARS-CoV-2, se plantea el debate de si estas se clasifican como espontáneas o secundarias, ya que los múltiples mecanismos de daño estructural pulmonar que conlleva la COVID-19 condicionan fragilidad pulmonar en corto lapso. Por lo anterior, se expone el caso de una paciente de 36 años con COVID-19 complicada con neumomediastino y enfisema subcutáneo con el objetivo de ilustrar y discutir dichas complicaciones.

https://doi.org/10.24875/ciru.21000607 7 downloads

15.

Entre el talento académico y la segmentación socioeducativa: admisión universitaria de estudiantes Top 10% Ranking en Chile
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Rodríguez Garcés, Carlos

; Espinosa Valenzuela, Denisse

; Padilla Fuentes, Geraldo

; Suazo Ruíz, Claudia

Revista Cubana de Educación Superior

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aug 2022, Volume 41 N. 2 elocation 4

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Abstract This paper analyzes the results of the 2018 university admission process in Chile of students belonging to the 10% with the best performance in their graduation schools (Top 10% ranking). Through a descriptive-correlational analysis of PSU scores and enrollment processes, we explore the incidence of school trajectory and socioeconomic profile components in the university access of talented students. The findings highlight the role of parental socio-cultural capital, PSU results and the quality of the school of graduation as factors of segmentation among Top 10% ranking students. The conclusions highlight the difficulties of the educational institution to incorporate added value in vulnerable students, even in spite of the talent deployed, as well as the need to incorporate public policy measures that promote effective access to higher education.

RESUMEN Este trabajo analiza los resultados del proceso de admisión universitaria del año 2018 en Chile de los/as alumnos/as pertenecientes al 10% de mejor rendimiento en sus colegios de egreso (Top 10% ranking). Mediante un análisis descriptivo-correlacional de los puntajes PSU y procesos de matrícula, se explora la incidencia que presentan componentes de trayectoria escolar y perfil socioeconómico en el acceso a la universidad de alumnos/as talentosos/as. Los hallazgos destacan el rol del capital sociocultural parental, los resultados PSU y la calidad del colegio de egreso como factores de segmentación entre estudiantes Top 10% ranking. Las conclusiones destacan las dificultades de la institución educativa para incorporar valor agregado en el estudiantado vulnerable, incluso a pesar del talento desplegado, así como la necesidad de incorporar medidas de política pública que propendan a un acceso efectivo a la educación superior.

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