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Visual assessment of leaf area index in coffee (Coffea arabica L.) fields
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Castro-Pacheco, Sergio A.

; González-Lutz, María I.

; Araya-Alfaro, José M.

; Vargas-Chinchilla, Mariano

; Gutiérrez-Soto, Marco V.

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental

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mar 2024, Volume 28 N. 3 elocation e274355

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

ABSTRACT The application of leaf area index (LAI) in coffee crop management depends on the availability of methodologies for proper estimation. The objective of this study was to develop a methodology for the visual assessment of LAI in coffee fields and to establish a protocol for training, evaluation, and feedback for evaluators. Four rounds of LAI measurements were conducted using visual estimates, two instruments (LAI 2200-C and AccuPAR LP-80), and defoliation of coffee hedgerows in Poás, Costa Rica. In each round, five workers visually estimated the LAI values on two occasions separated by 15 days, and feedback reinforcement was provided to each worker at the end of each round. Visual assessments showed high repeatability and reproducibility and the estimates were adjusted to the linear regression model in most cases. Evaluators improved their capacity to visually assess the LAI throughout the rounds, as the value of R2increased consistently for most workers, with values as high as 0.87. Instrumentation evaluation of LAI produced R2values of 0.5-0.6, with significant underestimation bias. The performance of the different methods is discussed in the context of widely spaced hedgerows. The proposed visual methodology constitutes a statistically sound, rapid, simple, and reliable method for determining the LAI of coffee fields to aid in decision-making for crop management.

RESUMO A aplicação do índice de área foliar (IAF) na gestão da cultura do cafeeiro depende da disponibilidade de metodologias para sua estimativa correta. É proposta aqui uma metodologia para a avaliação visual do IAF em plantas de café, por tanto se estabelece um protocolo para o treinamento dos avaliadores. Foram feitas quatro rodadas de medições do IAF utilizando estimativas visuais, dois instrumentos (LAI 2200-C e AccuPAR LP-80), e desfolhações de sebes de café na Costa Rica. A cada rodada, cinco trabalhadores estimaram visualmente os valores do IAF em duas ocasiões e separados por 15 dias. Ao final de cada rodada, foi dada uma retroalimentação a cada trabalhador. A avaliação visual mostrou alta repetibilidade e reprodutibilidade, e as estimativas foram ajustadas para o modelo de regressão linear na maioria dos casos. Os avaliadores melhoraram sua capacidade de avaliar visualmente o IAF ao longo das rodadas, e o valor de R2 aumentou consistentemente para a maioria dos trabalhadores, com valores tão altos quanto 0,87. A avaliação do IAF por instrumentos produziu valores de R2 de 0,5-0,6, com significativa tendência de subestimação, e não se ajustou ao modelo de regressão linear. O desempenho dos diferentes métodos é discutido no contexto de coberturas com amplo espaço. A metodologia visual proposta constitui uma determinação sólida, rápida, simples e confiável do IAF na lavoura do café e considera-se uma ajuda na tomada de decisões para a gestão da safra.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v28n3e274355

Phenotype differentiation of Capsicum annuum var. glabriusculum of three regions in Mexico and its relation to climate
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Romero-Higareda, César Enrique

; Hernández-Verdugo, Sergio

; Pacheco-Olvera, Antonio

; Retes-Manjarrez, Jesús Enrique

; Osuna-Enciso, Tomás

; Valdéz-Ortiz, Ángel

Botanical Sciences

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sep 2023, Volume 101 N. 3 Pages 744 - 760

Abstract: Es En | Text: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

Resumen Antecedentes: Poblaciones de Capsicum annuum var. glabriusculum se encuentran en una amplia porción del territorio mexicano y son el ancestro de muchas formas cultivadas relevantes en la dieta del pueblo mexicano. Preguntas: ¿Cuales son las proporciones de la variación fenotípica y genética distribuida entre las regiones muestreadas, entre poblaciones y dentro de poblaciones? ¿Como se correlaciona el clima a la variación fenotípica de las poblaciones? Especie: Capsicum annuum var. glabriusculum. Sitios y Años de Estudio: 24 poblaciones de tres regiones fueron muestreadas: Noroeste, estados de Sonora y Sinaloa; Sur: estado de Oaxaca y Sureste: estados de Tabasco y Yucatán en México. El experimento se llevó a cabo entre 2016-2018. Resultados: 49.8 % de la variación fenotípica fue detectada dentro de familias, 11.1 % entre familias (dentro de poblaciones), 21.3 % entre poblaciones y 17.6 % entre regiones. La base genética de tal variación fenotípica fue del 50.1 % en promedio. Para esta variación genética, 34.2 % fue hallada entre regiones, 39.4 % entre poblaciones y 26.3 % dentro de poblaciones. Los factores climáticos generaron diferentes patrones de correlaciones para rasgos vegetativos, foliares y reproductivos.

Abstract: Background: Populations of Capsicum annuum var. glabriusculum are found in a wide portion of the Mexican territory, and it is ancestor of many cultivated forms relevant for the Mexican diet. Questions: What are the proportions of phenotypic and genetic variation distributed among its sampled regions, populations and within populations. How does the climate correlates to the population’s phenotypic variation. Species: Capsicum annuum var. glabriusculum. Study sites and years: 24 populations form three regions were sampled: Northwest, states of Sonora and Sinaloa; South: Oaxaca and Southeast Tabasco and Yucatán, in Mexico. The experiment was performed between years 2016 to 2018. Methods: Fruits from single plants were collected in wild populations. Plants were grown in a greenhouse. Nested ANOVAS were performed to estimate phenotypic and genetic variance components for different spatial scales. Climate correlation was estimated through univariate and multivariate methods. Results: 49.8 % of phenotypic variation was detected within families, 11.1 % among families (within populations), 21.3 % among populations and 17.6 % among regions. The genetic basis of phenotypic variation was 50.1% on average, for this genetic variation 34.2 % was found among regions, 39.4% among populations and 26.3 % within populations. Climate factors generated different patterns of correlations for vegetative, foliar and reproductive traits. Conclusions: Northwest plants were shorth, with small leaves and large fruits, Southeast plants were tall, with large leaves and small fruits, South plants developed intermediate phenotypic traits. Climate explained a large proportion of phenotypic differentiation.

https://doi.org/10.17129/botsci.3289

Variations in salinity tolerance in wild pepper (Capsicum annuum L. var. glabriusculum) populations
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Osuna-Rodríguez, José M.

; Hernández-Verdugo, Sergio

; Osuna-Enciso, Tomas

; Pacheco-Olvera, Antonio

; Parra-Terraza, Saúl

; Romero-Higareda, César E.

; Retes-Manjarrez, Jesús E.

Chilean journal of agricultural research

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aug 2023, Volume 83 N. 4 Pages 432 - 443

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT The wild pepper (Capsicum annuum L. var. glabriusculum (Dunal) Heiser & Pickersgill) is a valuable genetic resource for agriculture and food. Around the world salinity is a significant environmental stress that limit and affect agriculture productivity. This work estimates the variation in salinity tolerance in six populations of wild pepper populations of the Northwest of Mexico at three salinity levels (without NaCl, 25 and 50 mM NaCl). The measured traits were height, stem development, foliar area, relative content of chlorophyll, dry weight of plant, root, stem, and leaves. Salinity tolerance was estimated with a stress tolerance index (STI) obtained by comparing values of traits between control treatment (without NaCl) and salinity treatments. Data were subjected to univariate and multivariate variance analysis of principal components. All measured traits were negatively and significantly affected by salinity. Univariate variance analysis and of principal components clearly differentiated the studied populations. At 50 mM NaCl, height, stem diameter, foliar area, stem and leaves dry weight correlated positively with electrical conductivity, and foliar area, relative content of chlorophyll, stem and leaves dry weight correlated with soil Na at the site of origin of the populations. Presa Oviachic showed a higher salinity tolerance in both NaCl treatments (1.17 and 0.99), followed by two more populations (Lo de Vega and Yecorato), each with each salinity treatment. Presa Oviachic presented the highest average STI in both treatments, 37.6% and 40.4% higher than Cósala and Mazocahui respectively. Root dry weight (0.427), stem diameter (0.419), leaf area (0.412), stem dry weight (0.407) and plant dry weight (0.345) were the most important traits in that order and Presa Oviachic was significantly superior to the rest of populations in STI at 50 mM NaCl. Plants of these populations could be a source of salinity resistance. The variation pattern observed in these traits suggests adaptation to the local edaphic conditions.

Electrical Conductivity and Nitrogen:Potassium Ratios from Nutrigation in the Quality of Zucchini Fruits
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Pacheco, Adriano Bicioni

; Duarte, Sergio Nascimento

; Charles, Thaís da Silva

; Nascimento, Jéssica Garcia

; Simões, Ana Laura Toledo

; Campos Júnior, José Eustáquio

; Almeida, Alex Nunes de

; Ricardo, Hugo de Carvalho

; Lopes, Tárcio Rocha

; Jesus, Fernanda Lamede Ferreira de

; Lisboa, Cristiane Fernandes

Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology

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2023, Volume 66 elocation e23210845

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract The demands of high-quality zucchini fruits by the consumer market make studies regarding the improvement of cultivation systems, such as plant nutrition and salinity tolerance. Considering the demands of the consumer market for the high quality of zucchini fruits, it is necessary studies regarding the improvement of production systems for this improvement, such as nutrition and salinity tolerance to plant. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the zucchini fruits quality characteristics, grown in soilless, under N:K ratios, and levels of electrical conductivity of the nutrient solution. The experiment was conducted in a protected environment in pots with 8.2 dm3 of volumetric capacity filled with commercial substrate. The trial design adopted was randomized blocks, with three replicates, in a 5x3 factorial scheme, with five levels of electrical conductivity (1.0; 2.0; 3.0; 4.0; and 5.0 dS m-1) and three N:K ratios (2:1; 1:1; and 1:2), both in the nutrient solution. The application of the nutrient solution was by fertigation through drip irrigation. Throughout the experiment, variables related to fruit quality and total plant biomass production were analyzed. The increase of the electrical conductivity in the nutrient solution provided an increase in the values of fruits organoleptic properties. Regarding the nutrient solution N:K ratios, the 1:2 ratio provided larger fruits and a higher percentage of water.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4324-2023210845

“O ANIMISTA É SEMPRE O OUTRO”: O ENCANTAMENTO DOS OBJETOS E A EXPERIÊNCIA ANALÍTICA
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Klein, Thais

; Ferreira, Fernanda Pacheco

; Verztman, Julio Sergio

Ágora: Estudos em Teoria Psicanalítica

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2023, Volume 26 elocation e280577

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

ABSTRACT: This article aimed to revisit the concept of animism in psychoanalysis through the provocations of Amerindian perspectivism. This involves creating space to conceive forms of alterity not solely anchored in totemism and the modern division between nature and culture. Winnicott’s considerations on the self and objects serve as a fulcrum to resonate within psychoanalytic theory and practice the twists in our own foundations rooted in animism and totemism. The intention is to interpose the psychoanalytic anchoring in modern colonialist thought and, through the enchantment of objects, glimpse something that eludes our own reflection. After all, the animist is not always the other.

RESUMO: O objetivo do artigo é revisitar a noção de animismo em psicanálise a partir das provocações do perspectivismo ameríndio. Trata-se de abrir espaço para conceber formas de alteridade não apenas ancoradas no totemismo e na divisão moderna entre natureza e cultura. As considerações de Winnicott sobre o self e os objetos servirão de ponto de apoio para reverberar na teoria e na clínica psicanalíticas as torções em nossas próprias bases sustentadas no animismo e no totemismo. Espera-se interpolar a ancoragem psicanalítica no pensamento moderno colonialista e, pelo encantamento dos objetos, entrever algo que escapa ao nosso próprio espelho - afinal, o animista nem sempre é o outro.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-44142023-019

Spatio-temporal prediction of water production in basins without records
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Márquez-Romance, Adriana Mercedes

; Guevara Pérez, Edilberto

; Pérez-Pacheco, Sergio Alejandro

; Buroz-Castillo, Eduardo

DYNA

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mar 2022, Volume 89 N. 220 Pages 110 - 120

Abstract: Es En | Text: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

Resumen En este estudio, la predicción espacio-temporal de la producción de agua se realizó en dos microcuencas sin registros meteorológicos, ubicadas en Venezuela. Las características geomorfológicas de microcuencas se obtuvieron utilizando modelos digitales de elevación adquiridos del satélite ALOS PALSAR. Se incluyeron dos modelos, el primero involucró componentes determinísticos y estocásticos, calibrados usando dos series de tiempo (ST). ST-1 consistió en registros de 227 estaciones de precipitación y 62 estaciones de evaporación recopilados por Ministerio de Ambiente durante 1980-1999. ST-2 incluyó registros de 28 estaciones de precipitación y 18 estaciones de evapotranspiración recopilados por Instituto Nacional de Meteorología durante 2015-2018. El segundo modelo estimó precipitación efectiva a partir de mapas de precipitación ST-2, coeficiente de escorrentía, predicción del uso y cobertura terrestre (UCT). Los UCTs se estimaron desde 59 imágenes Landsat 8OLI para 2015-2018. La validación se realizó con observaciones de Compañía Central Hidrológica, resultando coeficientes de determinación superiores a 0.95.

Abstract This study carried out the spatio-temporal prediction of water production in two micro-basins without records, located in Venezuela. Geomorphological characteristics of micro-basins were obtained using digital elevation models acquired from ALOS PALSAR satellite. Two models were included for spatio-temporal prediction of hydrometeorological variables. The first model involved deterministic and stochastic components, calibrated using two-time series (TS). TS-1 consisted of records from 227 precipitation stations and 62 evaporation stations managed by the Environment Ministry during 1980-1999. TS-2 included records from 28 precipitation stations and 18 evapotranspiration stations collected by the National Institute of Meteorology and Hydrology during 2015-2018. The second model estimated effective precipitation from TS-2 precipitation maps, runoff coefficient from land use and land cover (LULC) prediction. The LULC was estimated on 59 Landsat 8OLI images for 2015-2018. The validation was carried out with observations of the Hydrological Central Company, resulting in determination coefficients upper to 0.95.

https://doi.org/10.15446/dyna.v89n220.95985 27 downloads

Prácticas alimentarias y significados asociados con el consumo de comida rápida en franquicias de la ciudad de Hermosillo, Sonora: un modelo exploratorio basado en los cambios generacionales
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Sandoval Godoy, Sergio Alfonso

; Pacheco Navarro, Ana Cristina

; Camarena Gómez, Dena María

Región y sociedad

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2022, Volume 34 elocation e1628

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Abstract Objective: to describe the meaning and the effects of fast-food consumption in the Hermosillo, Sonora, society. Methodology: an exploratory analytical model was built based on generational changes and in a mixed methodological design, which included an initial phase of interviews applied to a random sample of people made up of four groups of different generations, and a second phase in which a questionnaire was applied, derived from the results of the first. Results: significant changes and marked differences in the decisions about fast-food consumption, in the conception and meanings about it, and in the meaning the Hermosillo people give to it were verified. All of which coincide with those of advanced societies. Value: the study contributes to the current discussions and debates about fast-food in the franchise modality. It also provides empirical evidence to the study of recent food transformations by appealing to conceptual tools typical of anthropology of food and contemporary sociology. Conclusions: it is noted that, although the franchise model was at the time a trigger for recent transformations in consumption, it seems now to be the one who must move at the pace set by the consumer.

Resumen Objetivo: describir el significado y los efectos que tiene el consumo de comida rápida en la sociedad de Hermosillo, Sonora. Metodología: se construyó un modelo analítico exploratorio basado en los cambios generacionales y en un diseño metodológico mixto, que incluyó una etapa inicial de entrevistas aplicadas a una muestra aleatoria de personas conformada por cuatro grupos de generaciones distintas y una segunda etapa en la que se aplicó un cuestionario derivado de los resultados de la primera. Resultados: se verifican cambios significativos y marcadas diferencias en las decisiones sobre el consumo de comida rápida, en el concepto que tienen de ella los hermosillenses y en el significado que le dan, los cuales coinciden con los de las sociedades más avanzadas. Valor: el estudio contribuye a los debates actuales sobre el consumo de comidas rápidas en la modalidad de franquicias. Además, aporta evidencia empírica al estudio de las transformaciones alimentarias recientes apelando a herramientas conceptuales propias de la antropología de la alimentación y de la sociología contemporánea. Conclusiones: se advierte que si bien el modelo de franquicias fue en su momento un detonante de las transformaciones recientes del consumo de alimentos, ahora parece ser que es dicho modelo el que debe moverse al ritmo que marca el consumidor.

https://doi.org/10.22198/rys2022/34/1628

Checklist of the birds of Mato Grosso do Sul state, Brazil: diversity and conservation
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Nunes, Alessandro Pacheco

; Straube, Fernando Costa

; Posso, Sérgio Roberto

; Laps, Rudi Ricardo

; Vasconcelos, Marcelo Ferreira de

; Hoffmann, Diego

; Morante-Filho, José Carlos

; Donatelli, Reginaldo José

; Ragusa-Netto, José

; Faxina, Claudenice

; Godoi, Maurício Neves

; Urben-Filho, Alberto

; Castro, Sáuria Lúcia Rocha de

; Lopes, Edson Varga

; Anjos, Luiz dos

; Tomas, Walfrido Moraes

; Mendonça, Luciana Baza

; Silva, Paulo Antonio

; Pivatto, Maria Antonietta de Castro

; Costacurta, Marco de Barros

; Melo, Alyson Vieira de

; Hass, Adriani

; Braz, Vívian da Silva

; Módena, Érica de Souza

; Freitas, Gabriel Oliveira de

; Souza, Rafael Augusto Ducel de

; Benites, Maristela

; Mamede, Simone

; Menq, Willian

Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia

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2022, Volume 62 elocation e202262029

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Several phytogeographic regions (Cerrado, Pantanal, Atlantic Forest, Gran Chaco, and Chiquitano Dry Forests) converge in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, and influence regional biodiversity. Despite a list of birds in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul being published by Nunes et al. (2017), it is necessary to update and critically review avifauna records. In this study, we gathered the results of several records obtained from species lists and online data platforms of the 336 sites in this state over the last decades and grouped them into Main (Primary and Secondary) and Tertiary Lists. The avifauna of Mato Grosso do Sul is composed of 678 species, of which 643 (95%) have records proving their occurrence (Primary List), whereas 34 still lack documentation (Secondary List). The number of related species for Mato Grosso do Sul represents 34% of the Brazilian avifauna. Some species stand out for their unique occurrence in Mato Grosso do Sul, such as Melanerpes cactorum, Celeus lugubris, Phaethornis subochraceus, and Cantorchilus guarayanus, reflecting the influence of different phytogeographic regions of the Chaco and Chiquitano Dry Forests. Migrants represent 20% of the bird community occurring in the state, of which 93 species correspond to migrants from various regions of South America (south and west) and 40 to boreal migrants. Thirty-three species perform nomadic movements across the Pantanal Plain and other regions of the state. Thirty-one species are included in some conservation-threatened categories of global and/or national endangered species lists. Other 30 species are included in the near-threatened category at the global level and 23 at the national level. In addition, species typical of dry forests (in Serra da Bodoquena and Maciço do Urucum) and those from the Atlantic Forest in the south of the state deserve attention due to their restricted distribution and the high anthropogenic pressure on their habitat.

https://doi.org/10.11606/1807-0205/2022.62.029

Prospective study of the Iliac Bicrest Pubic Angle through the 3D reconstruction of the bone pelvis and the correlation with giant incisional hernia
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MENDES, CARLOS JOSÉ LAZZARINI

; SILVA, RODRIGO ALTENFELDER

; RACY, MARCELO DE CASTRO JORGE

; FIOROT, VINICIUS CASTRO DE REZENDE

; ROLL, SERGIO

; PACHECO JUNIOR, ADHEMAR MONTEIRO

Revista do Colégio Brasileiro de Cirurgiões

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2022, Volume 49 elocation e20223130

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO Objetivo: descrever e medir o Ângulo Pubo Bicrista Iliaca (APBCI) como novo parâmetro antropométrico. Correlacionar a medida com portadores de hérnia incisional gigante (HIG), da linha média da parede anterior do abdome (PAA). Métodos: medida do APBCI, através de reconstrução 3D a partir de tomografia computadorizada (TC). Realização de medidas por dois observadores, R e C, em 246 mulheres e 60 homens, adultos normais, afim de obter a medida do APBCI e sua correlação em portadores de HIG da PAA. Resultados: após cálculos de amostra, a medida do APBCI nos homens: 92,5+6,3º a 93,8+6,7º; nas mulheres: 90+6,7º a 94,3+6,8º [p-valor 0,337(R)/0,628(C)]. A média de idade foi de 57,9+15,9 anos (22 a 91 anos). Gênero feminino 57+15,7 anos (22 a 91 anos) e o masculino 61,7+16,5 anos (23 a 89 anos) p=0,067. Quanto à distribuição das faixas de 5 em 5 graus, inexiste diferença na distribuição do ângulo [p-valor 0,455(R)/0,672(C)]. A correlação idade e o ângulo demonstrou que quanto maior a idade, maior o APBCI. Não houve variabilidade entre as medidas do ângulo: 0,97 (IC95% 0,97; 0,98). Nos homens com HIG, a média está entre 108,3+5,37º (102,92º a 113,67º), e nas mulheres 107,8+6,64 (101,16º a 114,44º). Conclusão: o estudo permitiu concluir que a HIG não é apenas um defeito da PAA isolado. Determina alterações esqueléticas, na medida que o APBCI sofre a influência quanto ao afastamento das cristas ilíacas.

ABSTRACT Objective: to describe and measure the Bicrista Iliaca Pubo Angle (APBCI) as a new anthropometric parameter. Correlate the measurement with patients with giant incisional hernia (HIG), in the midline of the anterior abdominal wall (AAW). Methods: measurement of APBCI, through 3D reconstruction from computed tomography (CT). Measurements performed by two observers, R and C, in 246 women and 60 men, normal adults, in order to obtain the APBCI measurement and its correlation in patients with HIG of the AAW. Results: after sample calculations, the measurement of APBCI in men: 92.5+6.3º to 93.8+6.7º; in women: 90+6.7° to 94.3+6.8° [p-value 0.337(R)/0.628(C)]. The mean age was 57.9+15.9 years (22 to 91 years). Female gender 57+15.7 years (22 to 91 years) and male 61.7+16.5 years (23 to 89 years) p=0.067. As for the distribution of the ranges from 5 to 5 degrees, there is no difference in the distribution of the angle [p-value 0.455(R)/0.672(C)]. The correlation between age and angle showed that the higher the age, the higher the APBCI. There was no variability between angle measurements: 0.97 (95% CI 0.97; 0.98). In men with HIG, the average is between 108.3+5.37º (102.92º to 113.67º), and in women, 107.8+6.64 (101.16º to 114.44º). Conclusion: the study allowed us to conclude that HIG is not just an isolated AAW defect. Determines skeletal changes, as the APBCI is influenced by the distance of the iliac crests.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0100-6991e-20223130-en

10.

Transportation impact on CO2 emissions of concrete: a case study in Rio Branco/Brazil
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Pacheco, Antonia Alana Lima

; Oliveira, Lidiane Santana

; John, Vanderley Moacyr

; Angulo, Sérgio Cirelli

Revista IBRACON de Estruturas e Materiais

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2022, Volume 15 N. 6 elocation e15609

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo Devido à escassez de maciços cristalinos no norte do Brasil, produtores de concreto têm usado pedra britada e cimento de fornecedores localizados a centenas de quilômetros. Nesse caso, as emissões de CO2 relacionadas ao transporte de materiais na produção de concreto podem ser significativas. Assim, este estudo tem como objetivo analisar a influência do transporte dos materiais nas emissões de CO2 da produção de concreto usinado em Rio Branco (Acre). As composições de concreto foram obtidas de um produtor de concreto local. Os métodos brasileiros de dosagem não foram aplicáveis devido à alta finura da areia regional disponível; os traços foram ajustados empiricamente. Dois tipos de cimento (CP V-ARI e CP IV) foram considerados para criar os cenários estudados. As distâncias de transporte das matérias-primas (cimento e agregados) variaram de 20 km (fornecedor local de areia) a 3.592 km (fornecedor de cimento de Sete Lagoas, MG). As emissões de CO2 para a produção de concreto (fck de 25 MPa, consumo de cimento de 426 kg/m3) variaram de 208 kgCO2/m3 a 573 kgCO2/m3. O transporte foi responsável por até 20% do total de emissões. As emissões neste estudo são consideravelmente maiores do que os dados nacional de produção de concreto disponíveis no Sistema de Informação do Desempenho Ambiental da Construção (Sidac) devido ao maior consumo de cimento e maiores distâncias de transporte. Embora o consumo de cimento no Acre represente menos de 1% do consumo brasileiro, os resultados revelam o impacto das distâncias de transporte nas emissões de CO2 do concreto em cidades que lidam com a escassez local.

Abstract Due to the scarcity of crystalline massifs in the north of Brazil, concrete producers have been using crushed stone and cement from suppliers located hundreds of kilometers away. In this case, CO2 emissions related to material transportation for concrete production may become significant. Thus, this study aims to analyze the influence of the transportation of the materials in CO2 emissions of ready-mix concrete production in Rio Branco (Acre). Concrete compositions were obtained from a local concrete producer. Brazilian methods of dosage were not applicable due to the high fineness of the regional sand available; the mix designs were adjusted empirically. Two types of cement (CP V-ARI and CP IV) were considered to create the studied scenarios. Transportation distances of the raw materials (cement and aggregates) ranged from 20 km (local sand supplier) to 3,592 km (cement supplier from Sete Lagoas, MG). CO2 emissions to produce concrete (fck of 25 MPa, cement consumption of 426 kg/m3) ranged from 208 kgCO2/m3 to 573 kgCO2/m3. Transportation was responsible for up to 20% of total emissions. The emissions in this study are considerably higher than the national data of concrete production available in the Construction Environmental Performance Information System (Sidac) due to the higher cement consumption and higher transportation distances. Although cement consumption in Acre represents less than 1% of Brazilian consumption, the results reveal the impact of transportation distances in CO2 emissions of concrete in cities that deal with local scarcity.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1983-41952022000600009

11.

¿Favorecen los pagos por servicios ambientales el mantenimiento de las huertas cafetaleras? Evidencia del Ejido de San Vicente de Benítez, Guerrero, México
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Serafín-Castro, Alejandra Marussia

; Cortina-Villar, Sergio

; Monzón-Alvarado, Claudia

; Segura-Pacheco, Héctor Ramón

Estudios sociales. Revista de alimentación contemporánea y desarrollo regional

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dec 2021, Volume 31 N. 58 elocation e211152

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Abstract Objective: To determine: a) if coffee plantations were significantly abandoned in the ejido San Vicente de Benítez, in the state of Guerrero, Mexico, and b) to estimate if the financial incentives granted by the Payment for Environmental Services Program (PES) to households have assisted the continuity and the maintenance activities of coffee plantations in the same ejido. Methodology: Twelve semi-structured interviews with the ejido's authorities and field observations during an exploratory phase were done. Afterward, questionnaires were applied in 64 households in the ejido. Results: During the period studied (years 2012 to 2016), it is estimated that 8% of the families out-migrated and sold their coffee plantations before leaving to other families who did not abandon the coffee plants altogether. The families that stayed did not sell their coffee plots. The substitution of coffee plantations for other crops was less than 1%. Coffee maintenance practices diminished, particularly among households with higher coffee acreage. In some years, the area that each household treated against coffee rust (Hemileia vastatrix) and the amount of family labor applied in the weeding of plots had a direct and significant statistical relationship to the amount of PES that each family received. However, this amount was not related to pruned, renewed, and weeded areas, or paid labor hired for cleaning. Besides, the PES scheme favored compliance with community rules that protect shade trees. Limits: The number of families that have out-migrated could not be accurately determined. Conclusions: The results suggest that the PES Program favored the continuity of the ejido's coffee plantations and, hence, the continuity of the environmental services they provide.

Resumen Objetivos: Determinar: a) si hubo un significativo abandono de los cafetales en el ejido San Vicente de Benítez, Guerrero, México por la emigración de las familias y b) si el mantenimiento y permanencia de las plantaciones de café, fueron favorecidos por el otorgamiento de pagos por servicios ambientales (PSA) a los ejidatarios entre los años 2012 y 2016 en el mismo ejido. Metodología: Se hicieron entrevistas semiestructuradas a las autoridades del ejido y observaciones de campo durante la fase exploratoria del trabajo; posteriormente, se aplicó un cuestionario a 64 jefes de familia. Resultados: Se estima que 8% de las familias emigraron entre 2012 y 2016, pero sus cafetales no quedaron en el abandono pues, antes de irse, los vendieron a otras familias, que se hicieron cargo de ellos. Quienes permanecieron no vendieron. La sustitución de cafetales por otros cultivos fue menor a 1%. No hubo relación entre los PSA y las superficies de café podadas, renovadas o deshierbadas, ni con la mano de obra pagada. Sin embargo, entre los años 2014 y 2016, la superficie que cada hogar fumigó contra la roya del café (Hemileia vastatrix) y la cantidad de trabajo familiar aplicado en el deshierbe tuvieron una relación estadística directa y significativa con el monto de PSA que cada familia recibió. Por otra parte, el programa de PSA favoreció el cumplimiento de las reglas que protegen los árboles nativos que dan sombra a los cafetos. Limitaciones: El número de familias que han dejado la comunidad no se determinó con precisión. Conclusiones: Los resultados sugieren que los PSA favorecieron la continuidad de los cafetales del ejido y, por tanto, de los servicios ambientales que estos prestan.

https://doi.org/10.24836/es.v31i58.1152 7 downloads

12.

Bioquímica y vías metabólicas de polisacáridos, lípidos y proteínas
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Pacheco-Gómez, Verónica

; Caballero-Zamora, Alejandra

; Martínez-González, Sergio

; Prado-Rebolledo, Omar

; García-Casillas, Arturo

Abanico veterinario

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dec 2021, Volume 11 elocation e503

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

ABSTRACT The eukaryotic cells are complex structures, capable of replication and performing a wide range of tasks in multicellular organisms. However, they also obey the laws of chemistry and physics that determine the metabolism of living systems. Consequently, cell biology seeks to understand metabolic processes in terms of reactions of anabolism and molecular catabolism. This review considers the chemical composition and properties of polysaccharides, lipids, and proteins as ultimately responsible for all cellular activities. The atoms and biochemical bonds of these macromolecules determine all cell dynamics, which is why the first part of each chapter reviews the nature of the functional group’s hydroxyl, amino and carboxyl, responsible for the formation of monosaccharides, amino acids and fatty acids. The rest of each chapter analyzes the genesis and lysis of these molecules within each cell organelle, for the formation of acetyl-coenzyme A and the liberation of energy in the Krebs cycle. Thus, the biochemistry of cell metabolism can be understood in terms of the structures and functions of three main organic molecules polysaccharides, lipids and proteins.

RESUMEN Las células eucariotas son estructuras complejas, capaces de replicarse y realizar una amplia gama de tareas en organismos multicelulares. Sin embargo, también obedecen las leyes de la química y la física que determinan el metabolismo de los sistemas vivos. En consecuencia, la biología celular busca comprender los procesos metabólicos en términos de reacciones de anabolismo y catabolismo molecular. Esta revisión considera la composición química y las propiedades de los polisacáridos, lípidos y proteínas como responsables en última instancia de todas las actividades celulares. Los átomos y enlaces bioquímicos de estas macromoléculas determinan toda la dinámica celular, por lo que en la primera parte de cada capítulo se repasa la naturaleza de los grupos funcionales hidroxilo, amino y carboxilo, responsables de la formación de monosacáridos, aminoácidos y ácidos grasos. El resto de cada capítulo analiza la génesis y lisis de estas moléculas dentro de cada organelo celular, para la formación de acetil- Coenzima A y la liberación de su energía en el ciclo de Krebs. Así, la bioquímica del metabolismo celular, puede entenderse en términos de las estructuras y funciones de tres principales moléculas orgánicas.

https://doi.org/10.21929/abavet2021.47 3531 downloads

13.

Fundamentos para un currículo nacional en Cirugía General basado en competencia: Consenso Delphi de la División de Educación de la Asociación Colombiana de Cirugía
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Domínguez, Luis Carlos

; Sanabria, Álvaro Enrique

; Torregrosa-Almonacid, Lilian

; Sánchez, William

; Vega, Neil Valentín

; Vargas, Felipe

; Niño, Álvaro

; Cuevas, Liliana

; Hoyos, Sergio Iván

; Cadavid, Luis Gerardo

; Jiménez, Germán

; Sarmiento, Julián

; Osorio, Mauricio

; Pacheco, Maikel

; Caycedo, Rubén

; Medina, Rolando

; León, Jimmy

; Zuluaga, Mauricio

; Coba, Hernando

; Rodríguez, Erwin

; Luna-Jaspe, Carlos

; Merlano, Jaime

; Molina, Juan Jacobo

; Bustillo, Carlos

Revista Colombiana de Cirugía

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dec 2021, Volume 36 N. 4 Pages 582 - 598

Abstract: Es En | Text: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

Resumen Frente a los desafíos de la Educación Basada en Competencia, este consenso Delphi de la División de Educación de la Asociación Colombiana de Cirugía informa sobre las mínimas competencias profesionales esperadas del cirujano egresado de los veinte programas de Especialización en Cirugía General en Colombia. Un total de 105 profesores de los programas de especialización evaluaron tres áreas de competencia profesional: 1) atributos profesionales generales del residente durante su formación, 2) competencias prácticas (procedimientos quirúrgicos) que los residentes deben realizar al final de su entrenamiento y 3) Actividades Profesionales Confiables (APC) que los residentes deben ejecutar sin supervisión al final de su entrenamiento. Los resultados informan un alto nivel de consenso en el 100 % los atributos profesionales generales y APC, y del 75 % en diferentes procedimientos quirúrgicos. El consenso abre la puerta para el desarrollo de un currículo nacional de la especialidad y tiene implicaciones para la práctica educativa e investigación futura.

Abstract Faced with the challenges of Competence-Based Education, this Delphi consensus from the Education Division of the Colombian Association of Surgery reports on the minimum professional competencies expected of the surgeon who graduated from the twenty residency programs in General Surgery in Colombia. A total of 105 professors from the training programs evaluated three areas of professional competence: 1) general professional attributes of the resident during their training, 2) practical skills (surgical procedures) that residents must perform at the end of their training, and 3) Activities Trusted Professionals (APC) that residents must run unsupervised at the end of their training. The results report a high level of consensus in 100% general professional attributes and APC, and 75% in different surgical procedures. The consensus opens the door for the development of a national specialty curriculum and has implications for educational practice and future research.

https://doi.org/10.30944/20117582.898 31 downloads

14.

Evaluación de biocarbón de caña de azúcar en el desarrollo de Pinus greggii Engelm. ex Parl. en condiciones de vivero
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Pérez-González, Guadalupe

; Hidalgo-Moreno, Claudia

; Etchevers-Barra, Jorge Dionisio

; Jong, Ben de

; Salgado-García, Sergio

; Valtierra-Pacheco, Esteban

; López-López, Miguel Ángel

Terra Latinoamericana

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dec 2021, Volume 39 elocation e1343

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Summary: There is a need to replace components of substrates for the development of seedlings in forest nursery, with low-cost products and especially with local and renewable materials. Sugarcane bagasse biochar is lightweight, porous and has a high-water retention capacity. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the response of biochar based on sugarcane bagasse to produce white pine (Pinus greggii Engelm. ex Parl) plants under nursery conditions. Four treatments were evaluated: (a) biochar with forest soil, (b) forest substrate (composed of 12.5% peat moss, 12.5% agrolite, 25% vermiculite, 50% pine bark), (c) biochar with forest substrate, both in a 1:9 ratio (biochar:soil, biochar:substrate), and (d) forest soil. The effect of fertilization (N, P and K) and biochar on the performance of treatments in soil and forest substrate was evaluated. The growth variables evaluated were plant height, stem diameter, total aerial biomass, total root biomass, aerial/root biomass ratio, and the concentration of accumulated nutrients (N, P, Ca, K, Na and Mg) in the aerial and root parts. The results obtained indicate that as a consequence of the addition of biochar to the soil and fertilization, the height, diameter, biomass (aerial and total) of Pinus greggii were similar to obtained in forest substrate, alone or combined with biochar. These results were associated with the addition of biochar to the soil that increased the absorption of N and its concentration in the aerial biomass, and favored the availability of Mg, Ca, K and P, these last two elements added in fertilization. It is concluded that the combination of biochar and soil in a ratio (1: 9) (p/p) with the addition of fertilizer (N, P and K) can be used in the development of Pinus greggii Engelm ex Parl in the nursery.

Resumen: Existe la necesidad de sustituir componentes de los sustratos para el desarrollo de las plántulas en vivero forestal, por productos de bajo costo y sobre todo por materiales renovables. El biocarbón es liviano, poroso y presenta una alta capacidad de retención de agua. Por lo anterior, el objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el uso de biocarbón a base de bagazo de caña de azúcar en la producción de plantas de pino prieto (Pinus greggii Engelm. ex Parl.), bajo condiciones de vivero. Se evaluaron cuatro tratamientos: (a) biocarbón con suelo forestal, (b) sustrato forestal (mezcla de 12.5% peat moss, 12.5% agrolita, 25% vermiculita y 50% corteza de pino), (c) biocarbón con sustrato forestal, ambos en una relación 1:9 (biocarbón:suelo, biocarbón:sustrato), y (d) suelo forestal solo. Se evaluó el efecto del biocarbón y de la fertilización (N, P y K) en el desempeño de los tratamientos en suelo y sustrato forestal. Las variables evaluadas fueron: altura de planta, diámetro de tallo, biomasa aérea, biomasa radical, biomasa total aérea, a relación biomasa aérea/radical; además la concentración de nutrientes acumulados (N, P, Ca, Mg, K y Na) en la parte aérea y radical. Los resultados obtenidos indican que como resultado de la adición de biocarbón al suelo y la fertilización, la altura, diámetro, biomasa (aérea y total) de pino prieto, fueron semejantes a las obtenidas en sustrato forestal, solo o combinado con biocarbón. Estos resultados se asociaron a la adición de biocarbón al suelo que incrementó la absorción de N y su concentración en la biomasa aérea, y favoreció la disponibilidad de Mg, Ca, K y P, éstos dos últimos elementos adicionados en la fertilización. Se concluye que la combinación de biocarbón y suelo en una relación (1:9) (p/p) con adición de fertilizante (N, P y K) puede ser empleado en el desarrollo de Pinus greggii Engelm ex Parl en vivero.

https://doi.org/10.28940/terra.v39i0.1343 29 downloads

15.

Metástasis gastrointestinales secundarias a adenocarcinoma invasivo pulmonar en un paciente joven: a propósito de un caso
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Zurita-Aguirre, Gabriela

; Naveda-Pacheco, Natalia

; Poveda-Granja, Sergio

; Marín-Castro, Pedro

Neumología y cirugía de tórax

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dec 2021, Volume 80 N. 4 Pages 291 - 295

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Abstract: Lung cancer is the type of cancer with the highest mortality in the whole world. For a cell to become cancerous it needs to undergo through several genetic mutations; which occur due to multiple predisposing factors. That is why in this type of cancer it is more common in smokers and patients over 40 years old; having less incidence in young patients. Clinical case: We present a case of a 23-year-old male patient referred from a first-level hospital duo to diagnoses of upper gastrointestinal bleeding + constitutional syndrome that were difficult to manage. Exams were made evidencing described later. Having a torpid evolution adding hemoptysis and signs of respiratory failure, refusing to perform a biopsy, eventually dying from multiple complications; relatives accept a post-mortem biopsy finding invasive non-mucinous adenocarcinoma. Conclusions: In the present case we found a patient in an advanced stage with a highly aggressive tumor as is common in these cases. The erroneous interpretation of the clinical case in the initial stages and the lack of importance on the part of the patient leading to a late diagnosis; although if we make an opportune diagnosis the oncological treatment is poor with a low survival.

Resumen: El cáncer de pulmón es la principal causa de mortalidad en pacientes oncológicos a nivel mundial. Para que una célula se transforme a cancerígena necesita de varias mutaciones genéticas; dichas mutaciones se producen por múltiples factores predisponentes. La incidencia de este tipo de cáncer es más común en pacientes fumadores y mayores de 40 años; teniendo una aparición menos marcada en pacientes jóvenes. Caso clínico: Presentamos el caso de un paciente masculino de 23 años de edad referido de un hospital de primer nivel por diagnósticos de hemorragia digestiva alta más síndrome constitucional sin llegar a un diagnóstico de base y de difícil manejo. Se realizan exámenes en nuestro nosocomio, los cuales evidencian los hallazgos posteriormente descritos. El paciente tiene una evolución tórpida añadiéndose hemoptisis y signos de insuficiencia respiratoria, negándose a realizar biopsia, llegando a fallecer por múltiples complicaciones; familiares acceden a biopsia posmortem encontrando adenocarcinoma invasivo no mucinoso. Conclusiones: En el presente caso encontramos un paciente con un estadío avanzado de la enfermedad, que presenta un tumor altamente agresivo, como es común en estos casos. La interpretación errónea del cuadro clínico en estadíos iniciales y la falta de interés por parte del paciente para llegar a un diagnóstico conllevaron a un diagnóstico tardío posmortem; aunque desgraciadamente si se lograba un diagnóstico oportuno, el tratamiento oncológico hubiera sido pobre con una baja supervivencia.

https://doi.org/10.35366/103454 14 downloads

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