ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Respiratory failure is the most common cause of death in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and morbidity is related to poor quality of life (QOL). Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) may be associated with prolonged survival and QOL in patients with ALS. OBJECTIVES: To assess whether NIV is effective and safe for patients with ALS in terms of survival and QOL, alerting the health system. DESIGN AND SETTING: Systematic review was conducted in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses reporting standards using population, intervention, comparison, and outcome strategies. METHODS: The Cochrane Library, CENTRAL, MEDLINE, LILACS, EMBASE, and CRD databases were searched based on the eligibility criteria for all types of studies on NIV use in patients with ALS published up to January 2022. Data were extracted from the included studies, and the findings were presented using a narrative synthesis. RESULTS: Of the 120 papers identified, only 14 were related to systematic reviews. After thorough reading, only one meta-analysis was considered eligible. In the second stage, 248 studies were included; however, only one systematic review was included. The results demonstrated that NIV provided relief from the symptoms of chronic hypoventilation, increased survival, and improved QOL compared to standard care. These results varied according to clinical phenotype. CONCLUSIONS: NIV in patients with ALS improves the outcome and can delay the indication for tracheostomy, reducing expenditure on hospitalization and occupancy of intensive care unit beds. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: PROSPERO database: CRD42021279910 — https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=279910.

Abstract This study evaluated the effect of different firing protocols on the surface roughness and flexural strength of CAD/CAM lithium disilicate glass-ceramic (LD) after aging methods. Forty-two LD bars of 16 x 4 x 2 mm (IPS e-max CAD, Ivoclar) were randomly separated into two groups according to firing protocols: Single firing-Staining, glazing, and crystallization in a single step; Multiple firings-Crystallization+First staining+Firing+Second staining+Firing+Glazing+Firing. After protocols, initial surface roughness readings were taken (Surfcorder SE1700, Kosakalab). Samples were then randomly separated into three groups (n=7) according to the aging methods they were submitted: Thermomechanical cycling (TMC, ER System, Erios, 1,200,000 cycles, 0.3 MPa, 2 Hz and 5°C/37°C/55°C, 30 s swell time); Simulated toothbrushing (STB, Pepsodent, MAVTEC, 73,000 cycles), and Control (no aging). Final surface roughness readings were done, and samples were submitted to a three-point bending test (OM100, Odeme Dental Research) and fractographic analysis by scanning electron microscopy (EVO-MA10, ZEISS). Data were analyzed (2-way ANOVA, (α=.05). There was no difference (p>.05) in the flexural strength between the firing protocols, regardless of the aging method. STB decreased the flexural strength of samples submitted to multiple firings, different from control (p<.05). Without aging (Control), before TMC, and after STB, LD had lower surface roughness when submitted to multiple firings than to single firing (p<.05). The firing protocols did not affect the flexural strength or the surface roughness of the lithium disilicate glass-ceramic, even after aging. However, toothbrushing negatively affected the flexural strength and smoothed the surface of the ceramic submitted to multiple firings.

Resumo Este estudo avaliou o efeito de diferentes protocolos de queima na rugosidade de superfície e resistência à flexão de uma cerâmica vítrea de dissilicato de lítio (DL) para CAD/CAM, após métodos de envelhecimento. Quarenta e dois barras de DL (IPS e-max CAD, Ivoclar) de 16 x 4 x 2 mm foram separadas aleatoriamente em dois grupos de acordo com os protocolos de queima: Single firing-Pigmentação, glazeamento e cristalização em única etapa. Multiple firings-Cristalização+Primeira camada do pigmento+Queima+Segunda camada do pigmento+Queima+Glazeamento+Queima. Após os protocolos, foram realizadas leituras iniciais de rugosidade de superfície (Surfcorder SE1700, Kosakalab). As amostras foram então separadas aleatoriamente em três grupos (n=7) segundo o método de envelhecimento a que foram submetidas: Ciclagem termomecânica (CTM, Sistema ER, Erios, 1.200.000 ciclos, 0.3 MPa, 2 Hz e 5°C/37°C/55°C, 30 s de imersão), Escovação simulada (ES, Pepsodent, MAVTEC, 73.000 ciclos) e Controle (sem envelhecimento). Leituras finais de rugosidade foram realizadas, e as amostras foram submetidas ao ensaio de resistência à flexão em três pontos (OM100, Odeme Dental Research) e à análise fractográfica por microscopia eletrônica de varredura (EVO-MA10, ZEISS). Os dados foram analisados (ANOVA de dois fatores, (α=.05). Não houve diferença (p>.05) na resistência à flexão entre os protocolos de queima, independente do envelhecimento. ES diminuiu a resistência à flexão das amostras submetidas a multiple firings, diferente do controle (p<.05). Sem envelhecimento (Controle), antes da CTM e após ES, LD apresentou menor rugosidade de superfície quando submetido a multiple firings do que a single firing (p<.05). Os protocolos de queima não afetaram a resistência à flexão nem a rugosidade de superfície da cerâmica vítrea de dissilicato de lítio, mesmo após envelhecimento. No entanto, a escovação afetou negativamente a resistência à flexão e poliu a superfície da cerâmica submetida a multiple firings.

Abstract Background Evaluation and treatment of primary and secondary headaches is a global public health challenge. Recognizing the epidemiological impact of headaches, a group of researchers linked to the Brazilian Headache Society proposed the Brazilian Headache Registry and drew up its initial protocol. Objective Here we describe the methods and preliminary data obtained from the pilot study. Methods This was a multicenter longitudinal observational study conducted between September 2020 and August 2021. Prospective data were collected in three specialist centers for headache care in states in southern and southeastern Brazil. Patients aged 18 years or older who sought care for headache in tertiary centers and who agreed to participate in the study, were considered eligible. Results Sixty-six patients were included in the pilot study: 43 (65%) from Rio Grande do Sul state and 23 (35%) from Minas Gerais state. Overall, 90% were female, and the subjects' mean age was 38.2 ± 11.2 years. Primary headaches accounted for 85.3% of the diagnoses made. Among secondary headaches, medication overuse headache was the most frequent type (7.1%). Conclusions The pilot study showed the feasibility of the research protocol developed for tertiary centers. The Brazilian Headache Registry will form a source of longitudinal data with the aim of contributing to better characterization of the various phenotypes of patients with primary and secondary headaches, and to detailing the use of health resources and identifying predictors of better clinical outcomes.

Resumo Antecedentes A avaliação e o tratamento das cefaleias primárias e secundárias são um desafio global de saúde pública. Reconhecendo o impacto epidemiológico das cefaleias, um grupo de pesquisadores vinculados à Sociedade Brasileira de Cefaleia propôs a criação de um Registro Brasileiro de Cefaleia e elaborou seu protocolo inicial. Objetivo Nesta publicação descrevemos os métodos e dados preliminares obtidos a partir do estudo piloto. Métodos Trata-se de um estudo prospectivo observacional longitudinal multicêntrico, realizado entre setembro de 2020 e agosto de 2021. Foram coletados dados em três centros especializados no atendimento de cefaleia, em estados da região sul e sudeste do Brasil. Pacientes com idade igual ou superior a 18 anos que procuraram os centros terciários por queixa de cefaleia e concordaram em participar do estudo foram considerados elegíveis. Resultados Sessenta e seis pacientes foram incluídos no estudo piloto, 43 (65%) do Rio Grande do Sul e 23 (35%) de Minas Gerais. Da amostra total, 90% eram do sexo feminino e a idade média dos sujeitos foi de 38,2 ± 11,2 anos. As cefaleias primárias representaram 85,3% dos diagnósticos realizados. Entre as cefaleias secundárias, a cefaleia por uso excessivo de medicamentos foi a mais frequente (7,1%). Conclusões O estudo piloto evidenciou a viabilidade do protocolo de pesquisa desenvolvido para centros terciários. O Registro Brasileiro de Cefaleia constituirá uma fonte de dados longitudinais com o objetivo de contribuir para melhor caracterização dos diversos fenótipos de pacientes com cefaleias primárias e secundárias, detalhar o uso de recursos de saúde e identificar preditores de melhores desfechos clínicos.

Abstract Objective: To describe the process of translation into Brazilian Portuguese and cross-cultural adaptation of the French Reflux Symptom Score-12 questionnaire used for the diagnosis of laryngopharyngeal reflux. Methods: This was across-cultural translation and adaptation study of a health instrument, with a cross-sectional design. It was carried out in eight stages: translation from French into Brazilian Portuguese, cultural adaptation by a panel of experts, application of the first version (pilot test 1), adaptation by a panel of experts, application of the second version (pilot test 2), back translation, reviewing by a committee in conjunction with the author of the original instrument and, application of the final version. The Brazilian Portuguese versions of the questionnaire were applied to individuals with symptoms and signs of laryngopharyngeal reflux who underwent pHmetry and esophageal manometry at the study site. Results: In pilot test 1, the first version of the RSS-12 in Brazilian Portuguese was applied to 30 patients. The patients had no difficulty to understand any of the 12 symptom items, but 15 patients (50%) had difficulty interpreting the symptom frequency score. After adapting the format of the frequency score, a version 2 of the RSS-12 in Brazilian Portuguese was applied to another 23 patients, who completed the questionnaire in full without any difficulty. Along with the review committee, the author of the original RSS-12 considered the version 2 to be adequate and did not propose any changes, so it was approved as the final version of the Brazilian Portuguese RSS-12. Conclusion: The Brazilian Portuguese version of the instrument, called Reflux Symptom Score-12 PT-BR, shows good understanding and linguistic, conceptual and content equivalence, in relation to the original Reflux Symptom Score-12.

Este ensaio analisa conflitos e potencialidades das Ciências Sociais e Humanas em Saúde (CSHS) no campo da Saúde Coletiva e os desafios de atuar em uma área interdisciplinar. Inicialmente, apresentamos algumas particularidades das CSHS, dialogando com tensões internas. Em seguida, as metodologias qualitativas e seus usos nas pesquisas em Saúde Coletiva são problematizadas, mantendo um diálogo com as demais áreas. Por fim, apresentamos uma reflexão sobre as perspectivas futuras das CSHS e possíveis caminhos teórico-metodológicos que aprofundariam a transversalidade da área. Repensar as relações entre as áreas provoca uma reflexão sobre uma possível e oportuna reconfiguração da própria Saúde Coletiva. Os desafios nos colocam a necessidade de repensar a noção de CSHS; e de indagar sobre a linguagem que estamos construindo e sobre o que podemos fazer.

Este ensayo analiza conflictos y potencialidades de las Ciencia Sociales y Humanas en Salud (CSHS) en el campo de la Salud Colectiva y los desafíos de actuar en un área interdisciplinaria. Inicialmente, presentamos algunas particularidades de las CSHS, dialogando con tensiones internas. A continuación, las metodologías cualitativas y sus usos en las investigaciones de Salud Colectiva se problematizan, manteniendo un diálogo con las demás áreas. Finalmente, presentamos una reflexión sobre las perspectivas futuras de las CSHS y posibles caminos teóricos-metodológicos que profundizarían la transversalidad del área. Repensar las relaciones entre las áreas provoca una reflexión sobre una posible y oportuna reconfiguración de la propia Salud Colectiva. Los desafíos nos plantean la oportunidad de repensar la noción de CSHS, de indagar sobre el lenguaje que estamos construyendo y sobre lo que queremos hacer.

This essay analyzes the conflicts and potential of social sciences and humanities in health (SSHH) in the field of public health and the challenges of acting in an interdisciplinary area. We present some of the particularities of SSHH, dialoguing with internal tensions and then go on to problematize qualitative methodologies and their use in public health research, maintaining a dialogue with the other areas. Finally, we reflect upon the outlook for SSHH and possible theoretical and methodological pathways that would broaden the cross-cutting nature of the area. Rethinking relations between areas prompts reflection on a possible and timely reconfiguration of public health. The challenges give rise to the need to rethink the notion of SSHH, question the language we are constructing, and ask what we can do.

ABSTRACT: Salmonella is a relevant pathogen, which causes foodborne outbreaks associated with both high and low moisture foods (LMF). This study evaluated the effect of previous desiccation stress on the acid resistance of S. Typhimurium ATCC 14028 using blanched peanut kernels as an LMF model. Salmonella was recovered from the peanut samples throughout 180 days of blanched peanut kernels storage at 28 ºC. During this period two death rates were verified, 0.04 log cfu/g/day in the first 30 days and 0.007 log cfu/g/day between 30 and180 days.Regarding acid resistance, there was no difference (P > 0.05) in the Salmonella growth/death kinetics between the undesiccated sample (TSB)and the cells recovered from peanut samples over 180 days of storage after 4 h at pHs 3.0, 3.5, 4.5 and 7.2. The average growth rate observed for pH 7.2 was 0.44 log cfu/ml/h. At pH 4.5, the Salmonella counts did not change significantly over 4 h. In contrast, Salmonella populations declined by 0.14 to 0.29 log cfu/ml/h at pH 3.5. At pH 3.0 declines were estimated to be 0.65 log cfu/ml/h for the undesiccated sample and 2.07 log cfu/ml/h for Salmonella recovered from peanuts stored for 120 days. Therefore, our data indicated that desiccation stress caused during the peanut storagedid not influence the Salmonella acid resistance.

RESUMO: Em alimentos de baixa umidade (LMF), o primeiro desafio encontrado por patógenos como a Salmonella é o estresse de dessecação. Neste estudo, o efeito prévio do estresse de dessecação sobre a resistência ácida de S. Typhimurium ATCC 14028 foi avaliado utilizando amendoim blancheado como um modelo de LMF. Salmonella foi recuperada das amostras de amendoim após 180 dias de estocagem a 28 ºC. Durante este período foram verificadas duas taxas de mortalidade, 0,04 log ufc/g/dia nos primeiros 30 dias e 0,007 log ufc/g/dia entre 30 e 180 dias. Com relação à resistência ácida, não houve diferença (P > 0,05) na cinética de crescimento/morte de Salmonella entre a amostra sem estresse dessecativo (TSB) e as amostras de amendoim após 4 h em pHs 3,0, 3,5, 4,5 e 7,2. A taxa média de crescimento observada para o pH 7,2 foi de 0,44 log cfu/ml/h. No pH 4,5, a contagem de Salmonella não mudou significativamente durante 4 h. Em contraste, a população de Salmonella diminuiu de 0,14 a 0,29 log cfu/ml/h no pH 3,5. No pH 3,0, a queda foi estimada em 0,65 log cfu/ml/h para a amostra sem estresse dessecativo e 2,07 log cfu/ml/h para a Salmonella recuperada das amostras de amendoim estocadas por 120 dias. Portanto, nossos dados indicaram que o estresse dessecativo causado durante a estocagem do amendoim não influenciou a resistência ácida de Salmonella.

ABSTRACT Objective: To explore the association between chronological, dental and skeletal ages and early diagnosis of third molars agenesis. Material and Methods: This retrospective radiographic study comprised a sample of 282 Portuguese patients (122 males and 160 females) who sought orthodontic treatment between 2007 and 2018. Each participant had panoramic and lateral cephalometric radiographs performed before and after the age of 14 years. The chronological age was categorized into three intervals between 11.0 and 13.11 years of age. The full eruption of the four-second molars was used as a criterion in determining dental age. Skeletal age was verified by the vertebral maturation method. The diagnosis of agenesis of third molars was initially performed by observation of the initial panoramic radiography undertaken before the age of 14 years. Subsequently, the diagnosis of agenesis of third molars was confirmed by visualizing the second panoramic radiography, obtained after the age of 14 years. The association between the accuracy of the diagnosis and the chronological, dental and skeletal ages was evaluated using the chi-square test, at a 5% significance level. Results: No significant association between chronological age and alterations in the diagnosis of third molar agenesis was identified. However, there was a significant association between third molar agenesis and both dental age (p<0.001) and skeletal age (p=0.006). Conclusion: The eruption of the four-second molars and the peak of growth could be considered as criteria for early diagnosis of third molar agenesis, whereas chronological age is not a reliable diagnostic indicator.

RESUMO Objetivo: Explorar a associação entre as idades cronológica, dentária e esquelética e o diagnóstico precoce da agenesia dos terceiros molares. Material e Métodos: Este estudo radiográfico retrospectivo compreendeu uma amostra de 282 pacientes portugueses (122 homens e 160 mulheres) que procuraram tratamento ortodôntico entre 2007 e 2018. Cada participante tinha radiografias panorâmicas e cefalométricas laterais realizadas antes e depois dos 14 anos de idade. A idade cronológica foi categorizada em três intervalos entre 11,0 e 13,11 anos de idade. A erupção completa dos quatro segundos molares foi usada como critério para determinar a idade dentária. A idade esquelética foi verificada pelo método de maturação das vértebras cervicais. O diagnóstico de agenesia de terceiros molares foi inicialmente realizado pela observação da radiografia panorâmica inicial, realizada antes dos 14 anos de idade. Posteriormente, o diagnóstico de agenesia de terceiros molares foi confirmado pela visualização da segunda radiografia panorâmica, obtida após os 14 anos de idade. A associação entre a acurácia do diagnóstico e as idades cronológica, dentária e esquelética foi avaliada por meio do teste qui-quadrado, com nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: Não foi identificada associação significativa entre idade cronológica e alterações no diagnóstico de agenesia de terceiros molares. No entanto, houve associação significativa entre agenesia de terceiro molar e idade dentária (p<0,001) e idade óssea (p=0,006). Conclusão: A erupção dos quatro segundos molares e o pico de crescimento podem ser considerados critérios para o diagnóstico precoce da agenesia do terceiro molar, enquanto a idade cronológica não é um indicador diagnóstico confiável.

ABSTRACT Given the heterogeneity of soils in Roraima state, Brazil, and the need for a phosphorus (P) extraction protocol, this study aimed to assess the efficiency of the Mehlich-1, Mehlich-3, Bray-1 extractants and anion exchange resin (AER) in determining available P in soils representative of the state. The chemical, physical and mineralogical attributes of seven soil classes were determined. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, using a randomized block design in a 7 x 5 factorial scheme with four repetitions. The first factor was the soils (LA (ITÃ), LV (ITÃ), LA (SERRA DA PRATA), LA (CCA), PA (CCA), FT (BONFIM), SN (SURUMU)), and the second P doses, estimated based on the maximum P-adsorption capacity (MPAC). A polyethylene pot containing 5 dm3 of soil and five plants was defined as the experimental unit. The indicator species was corn grown in two 30-day phases. The P doses were applied using monopotassium phosphate. Soil samples were removed before planting to determine available P using the extractants. Corn dry weight was assessed at the end of the two-phase experiment. Correlation tests were performed for dry weight versus extractant and extractant versus extractant. The Mehlich-3 and Bray-1 extractants were the most sensitive to variations in soil attributes. The resin exhibited the greatest correlations with the different soils individually and combined, showing potential in determining available P in soils from the humid tropical region of the Brazilian Amazon.

Objective: The Identifying Depression Early in Adolescence Risk Score (IDEA-RS) was recently developed in Brazil using data from the Pelotas 1993 Birth Cohort to estimate the individualized probability of developing depression in adolescence. This model includes 11 sociodemographic variables and has been assessed in longitudinal studies from four other countries. We aimed to test the performance of IDEA-RS in an independent, community-based, school-attending sample within the same country: the Brazilian High-Risk Cohort. Methods: Standard external validation, refitted, and case mix-corrected models were used to predict depression among 1442 youth followed from a mean age of 13.5 years at baseline to 17.7 years at follow-up, using probabilities calculated with IDEA-RS coefficients. Results: The area under the curve was 0.65 for standard external validation, 0.70 for the case mix-corrected model, and 0.69 for the refitted model, with discrimination consistently above chance for predicting depression in the new dataset. There was some degree of miscalibration, corrected by model refitting (calibration-in-the-large reduced from 0.77 to 0). Conclusion: IDEA-RS was able to parse individuals with higher or lower probability of developing depression beyond chance in an independent Brazilian sample. Further steps should include model improvements and additional studies in populations with high levels of subclinical symptoms to improve clinical decision making.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Patients hospitalized with COVID-19 are often submitted to invasive procedures and they are at risk for hospital-associated adverse events. Objectives: To evaluate the epidemiological and clinical aspects of patients hospitalized with COVID-19; the occurrence of adverse events and the risk factors for mortality. Method: Cohort study that included adult patients hospitalized with a diagnosis of SAR-SCoV-2 infection, at the tertiary University Hospital of UNICAMP from March 2020 to March 2021. Patients were identified through the hospital epidemiological surveillance system and followed until discharge or death. Descriptive, comparative, and logistic regression analysis was performed. Results: 650 adult patients were included. The main adverse events identified were nosocomial infections (31.5%), renal failure (33.8%), thromboembolic and vascular events (12.6%). Mortality was higher among those with bloodstream infections (30.2% vs. 8.6%; p < 0.0001), ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP, 52.5% vs. 12.3%; p < 0.0001), catheter associated urinary infection (27.3% vs. 7.2%; p < 0.0001); thromboembolic and vascular events (23.0% vs. 9.9%; p < 0.0001) and renal failure (81.3% vs. 20.9%; p < 0.0001). Klebsiella pneumoniae (15.6%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (14.4%), Enterococcus faecalis (8.6%) were the most isolated bacteria. Logistic regression analysis identified age, (RR = 1.03; 95% CI 1.02 to 1.05); ICU admission (RR = 3.06; 95% CI 1.59 to 5.87), vasoactive drug use (RR = 3.1; 95% CI 1.79 to 4.82); renal failure (RR = 7.76; 95% CI 4.54 to 13.26); and VAP (RR = 2.2; 95% CI 1.23 to 3.96), independently associated with mortality. Conclusion: adverse events have an important impact on the evolution of patients with COVID-19, reinforcing the need for optimized prevention and control measures as an essential part of care for these patients.

Este ensaio analisa conflitos e potencialidades das Ciências Sociais e Humanas em Saúde (CSHS) no campo da Saúde Coletiva e os desafios de atuar em uma área interdisciplinar. Inicialmente, apresentamos algumas particularidades das CSHS, dialogando com tensões internas. Em seguida, as metodologias qualitativas e seus usos nas pesquisas em Saúde Coletiva são problematizadas, mantendo um diálogo com as demais áreas. Por fim, apresentamos uma reflexão sobre as perspectivas futuras das CSHS e possíveis caminhos teórico-metodológicos que aprofundariam a transversalidade da área. Repensar as relações entre as áreas provoca uma reflexão sobre uma possível e oportuna reconfiguração da própria Saúde Coletiva. Os desafios nos colocam a necessidade de repensar a noção de CSHS; e de indagar sobre a linguagem que estamos construindo e sobre o que podemos fazer. (CSHS interdisciplinar Inicialmente internas seguida problematizadas fim teóricometodológicos teórico metodológicos fazer

Este ensayo analiza conflictos y potencialidades de las Ciencia Sociales y Humanas en Salud (CSHS) en el campo de la Salud Colectiva y los desafíos de actuar en un área interdisciplinaria. Inicialmente, presentamos algunas particularidades de las CSHS, dialogando con tensiones internas. A continuación, las metodologías cualitativas y sus usos en las investigaciones de Salud Colectiva se problematizan, manteniendo un diálogo con las demás áreas. Finalmente, presentamos una reflexión sobre las perspectivas futuras de las CSHS y posibles caminos teóricos-metodológicos que profundizarían la transversalidad del área. Repensar las relaciones entre las áreas provoca una reflexión sobre una posible y oportuna reconfiguración de la propia Salud Colectiva. Los desafíos nos plantean la oportunidad de repensar la noción de CSHS, de indagar sobre el lenguaje que estamos construyendo y sobre lo que queremos hacer. (CSHS interdisciplinaria Inicialmente internas continuación problematizan Finalmente teóricosmetodológicos teóricos metodológicos hacer

This essay analyzes the conflicts and potential of social sciences and humanities in health (SSHH) in the field of public health and the challenges of acting in an interdisciplinary area. We present some of the particularities of SSHH, dialoguing with internal tensions and then go on to problematize qualitative methodologies and their use in public health research, maintaining a dialogue with the other areas. Finally, we reflect upon the outlook for SSHH and possible theoretical and methodological pathways that would broaden the cross-cutting nature of the area. Rethinking relations between areas prompts reflection on a possible and timely reconfiguration of public health. The challenges give rise to the need to rethink the notion of SSHH, question the language we are constructing, and ask what we can do. (SSHH area research Finally crosscutting cross cutting constructing do

RESUMO: Nas últimas décadas pesquisas voltadas à irrigação de precisão, impulsionadas pelas mudanças climáticas, desenvolveram uma infinidade de estratégias, métodos e tecnologias para reduzir o consumo de água em projetos de irrigação, para adaptação à crescente ocorrência de escassez de água, secas agrícolas e competição entre os setores agrícolas e industriais pelo uso da água. Nesta conjuntura, a adoção de práticas de economia e aplicação de água, implica em uma abordagem multidisciplinar para a quantificação precisa das necessidades de água das culturas, sob diversas práticas de disponibilidade e manejo da água. Dessa forma, este artigo de revisão tem como objetivo apresentar uma revisão sobre as tecnologias e novas tendências no contexto da irrigação de precisão, as perspectivas futuras e analisar criticamente noções e meios para manter altos índices de produtividade da terra e da água, que minimizem o consumo de água irracional a nível de campo. RESUMO precisão climáticas estratégias conjuntura culturas forma campo

ABSTRACT: In recent decades, research on precision irrigation driven by climate change has developed a multitude of strategies, methods and technologies to reduce water consumption in irrigation projects and to adapt to the increasing occurrence of water scarcity, agricultural droughts and competition between agricultural and industrial sectors for the use of water. In this context, the adoption of water-saving and application practices implies a multidisciplinary approach to accurately quantify the water needs of crops under different water availability and management practices. Thus, this review article presented a review of technologies and new trends in the context of precision irrigation, future perspectives and critically analyze notions and means to maintain high levels of land and water productivity, which minimize irrational water consumption at the field level. ABSTRACT decades strategies scarcity watersaving saving Thus productivity level

Resumo Neste artigo, buscamos refletir sobre a produção da voz de pessoas transexuais e travestis por práticas e tecnologias biomédicas de generificação. Durante dois anos, realizamos pesquisa etnográfica, por meio de observação participante, entrevistas e acompanhamento cotidiano no Ambulatório Trans da Universidade Federal de São Paulo. Timbres de voz evocam corpos que tendem a ser imaginados por quem os ouve como masculinos ou femininos. Uma pessoa que não vocaliza de forma a confirmar essa linearidade pode ter o gênero colocado sob dúvida. As pessoas que cruzam essa linearidade buscam atuar sobre a voz, estabelecendo, para tal, complexas negociações com profissionais de saúde e serviços de saúde. A nova voz surge dessas negociações, nos encontros entre hormônios e práticas de fonoaudiologia. artigo generificação anos etnográfica participante Paulo femininos dúvida estabelecendo tal fonoaudiologia

Resumen En este artículo buscamos reflexionar sobre la producción de la voz de personas transexuales y travestis a través de prácticas y tecnologías biomédicas de generificación. Durante dos años, realizamos una investigación etnográfica, a través de observación participante, entrevistas y seguimiento diario en el Ambulatorio Trans de la Universidad Federal de São Paulo. Los timbres de voz evocan cuerpos que tienden a ser imaginados por quienes los escuchan como masculinos o femeninos. Una persona que no vocalice de una manera que confirme esta linealidad puede tener el género puesto en duda. Las personas que cruzan esta linealidad buscan actuar sobre la voz, estableciendo negociaciones complejas con los profesionales de la salud y los servicios de salud. La nueva voz emerge de estas negociaciones, en los encuentros entre las hormonas y las prácticas de la fonoaudiología. generificación años etnográfica participante Paulo femeninos duda fonoaudiología

Abstract In this article, we seek to reflect on the voice production of trans persons and travestis through biomedical practices and technologies of genderfication. For two years, we conducted ethnographic research, engaging in participant observation, interviews, and daily follow-up at the Trans Outpatient Service of the Federal University of São Paulo. Voice timbres evoke bodies that tend to be perceived as male or female by those who hear them. A person who does not vocalize in a manner that confirms this linearity may have their gender questioned. Individuals who cross this linearity seek to enact their voice, establishing complex negotiations with health professionals and health services. The new voice emerges from these negotiations, in encounters between hormones and speech therapy practices. article genderfication years research observation interviews followup follow up Paulo them questioned services

Abstract: Background: Isolation is adopted worldwide during the different phases of the pandemic in an attempt to flatten the contagion curve and protect vulnerable groups. Objective: To discuss the social representations of older people about their social isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methodology: Qualitative research based on the structural approach of social representations. 117 elderly people who sought immunization for influenza in a Brazilian Basic Health Unit in 2020 participated. Sociodemographic data and evocation technique were collected. Prototypical analysis was carried out after lexicographic, semantic reconciliation and co-occurrence testing in the EVOC and Iramuteq software. Results: The representations were aimed at “distancing” and anchored in the justifications “necessary-safe, make-possible, stay-home, limit-exit, danger-disease and prevention” that reflected the process of building social representations. Conclusion: The representations were objectified by distancing and anchored in the expressed justifications necessary-safe, make-possible, stay-at-home, limit-out, danger-disease and prevention, which reflected the process of construction of representations in a knowable perspective.

Resumen: Marco contextual: El aislamiento se adopta en todo el mundo durante las diferentes fases de la pandemia en un intento de aplanar la curva de contagio y proteger a los grupos vulnerables. Objetivo: Discutir las representaciones sociales de las personas mayores sobre su aislamiento social durante la pandemia del COVID-19. Metodología: Investigación cualitativa basada en el enfoque estructural de Representaciones Sociales. Participaron 117 ancianos que solicitaron inmunización contra influenza en una Unidad Básica de Salud de Brasil en 2020. Se recolectaron datos sociodemográficos y técnica de evocación. El análisis prototípico se llevó a cabo después de pruebas lexicográficas, de reconciliación semántica y de co-ocurrencia en el software EVOC e Iramuteq. Resultados: Las representaciones estaban orientadas al “desapego” y ancladas en las justificaciones “necesario-seguro, hacer-posible, quedarse en casa, límite-salida, peligro-enfermedad y prevención” que reflejaban el proceso de construcción de representaciones sociales. Conclusión: Las representaciones fueron objetivadas por el distanciamiento y ancladas en las justificaciones expresadas necesarias -seguro, posibilitar, quedarse en casa, límite fuera, peligro-enfermedad y prevención, que reflejaban el proceso de construcción de representaciones en una perspectiva cognoscible.

Resumo Enquadramento: O isolamento é adotado mundialmente durante as diferentes fases da pandemia na tentativa de achatar a curva de contágio e proteger grupos vulneráveis. Objetivo: Discutir as representações sociais de pessoas idosas sobre o seu isolamento social durante a pandemia da COVID-19. Metodologia: Pesquisa qualitativa alicerçada na abordagem estrutural das representações sociais. Participaram 117 idosos que buscaram imunização para influenza numa unidade básica de saúde Mineira brasileira em 2020. Foram recolhidos dados sociodemográficos e utilizada técnica de evocação. Realizou-se análise prototípica após conciliação lexicográfica, semântica e teste de coocorrência nos softwares EVOC e Iramuteq. Resultados: As representações foram objetivadas no distanciamento e ancoradas nas justificativas necessário-seguro, fazer-possível, ficar-casa, limitar-saída, perigo-doença e prevenção que refletiram o processo de construção das representações sociais. Conclusão: as representações foram objetivadas pelo distanciamento e ancoradas nas justificativas expressas necessário-seguro, fazer-possível, ficar-casa, limitar-saída, perigo-doença e prevenção, que refletiram o processo de construção das representações numa perspetiva cognoscível.

Resumo Objetivou-se relatar a experiência no gerenciamento de pesquisa-ação sobre inquérito de hepatite C junto à comunidade carcerária no Triângulo Mineiro, Minas Gerais. A proposta foi desenvolvida entre março de 2019 e março de 2020, alcançando 240 pessoas, com o intuito de conter a disseminação do agravo por meio de inquérito, testagem e acompanhamento dos casos positivos. Adotou-se ação intersetorial, com articulação entre universidades, sociedade médica, hospital de ensino e Secretaria de Estado de Justiça e Segurança Pública. As estratégias para o gerenciamento da pesquisa-ação foram: cenários e atores do estudo, registro e formalização da atividade, aplicação dos testes e manejo dos internos reagentes. Dificuldades foram identificadas quanto à acomodação de rotinas entre equipe de pesquisadores e funcionamento próprio da penitenciária, o que exigiu treinamento ostensivo entre as partes e articulações gerenciais. Considera-se que o relato, quando destaca as estratégias adotadas para a condução da pesquisa, colabora para a organização de investigações futuras que visem acessar essa população ainda invisibilizada.

Abstract We aimed to report the experience in managing action research on hepatitis C investigation in the prison community in the Triângulo Mineiro region, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The proposal was developed from March 2019 to March 2020, reaching 240 people to contain the spread of the disease through a survey, testing, and monitoring of positive cases. We adopted intersectoral action with articulation between Universities, Medical Society, Teaching Hospital, and State Secretariat for Justice and Public Security. Strategies for the management of action research are described: study settings and stakeholders, registration and formalization of the activity, application of tests, and management of reagent inmates. We identified difficulties regarding the accommodation of routines among the research team and the proper functioning of the penitentiary, which required extensive training between the parties and managerial articulations. We consider that the report collaborates with the organization of future research aimed at accessing this still invisible population, the prison community when it highlights the strategies adopted to conduct the research.