Brazilian Forensic Scientists are frequently asked about ballpoint pen manuscripts chronology in documents suspected to be forged. In the recent years, many methods like quantification of 2-PE (2-phenoxyethanol) have been developed on this subject. The validation of these methods only recently has been a concern between scientific forensic community. Researchers studied the behavior of ink on ageing, but few of them concerned about the influence of the paper on the extraction of 2-PE. This study performed the figures of merit evaluation of the quantification of 2-PE using GC/MS, testing the main parameters involved in the reliability of the method (linearity, repeatability, limits of detection and quantification, accuracy and robustness). After, based on a full factorial design with four factors and two repetitions, the authors tested kind of paper, grammage of paper, ink color and three ink ages, to verify the paper influence on the quantity of 2-PE from ink, trough GC/MS analysis. The merit parameters evaluation showed that the method is linear, precise, accurate and robust. The results for the effect of paper showed main effects of the factors and the existence of interactions effects between the kind of paper and paper grammage, and between the kind of paper and other factors.

Perfil para medicamentos na forma farmacêutica comprimidos contendo uma substância ativa pode ser obtido usando diferentes conjuntos de propriedades, incluindo aspectos físicos e químicos. As primeiras medições realizadas em comprimidos são de características físicas, também chamadas características pós-compressão. Tais dados podem ser valiosos para auxiliar na detecção de falsificações de medicamentos e ser utilizados em uma perspectiva de inteligência forense, quando inseridos em bancos de dados. Este trabalho está focado nas características físicas dos comprimidos de Cialis® e Viagra® apreendidos pela Polícia Federal no Estado brasileiro do Rio Grande do Sul. Com o emprego do Teste de Fisher (ANOVA), todas as amostras falsificadas de Viagra® (n = 28) e de Cialis® (n = 40) foram diferenciadas das amostras autênticas pelas seguintes características pós-compressão: comprimento (maior e menor), espessura e massa. Utilizando-se a Análise Hierárquica de Cluster (AHC), os comprimidos com perfis físicos semelhantes foram agrupados, o que pode indicar uma produção ilícita em comum. Observou-se a validade da utilização das características pós-compressão para gerar, de um modo rápido, confiável e sem preparo de amostra, um perfil tecnológico que se una aos demais métodos analíticos utilizados na rotina forense de detecção de falsificações de Cialis® e de Viagra®.

The profile of tablets containing an active pharmacological ingredient can be obtained using different sets of properties, including physical and chemical aspects. The first measurements carried out on tablets are the physical characteristics also called post-tabletting batch (post-TB) characteristics. These data may be valuable to assist in the detection of pharmaceutical product forgery and may also be used in a forensic intelligence perspective when inserted into databases. This work is focused on the physical characteristics of Cialis® and Viagra® tablets seized by the Brazilian Federal Police in the Rio Grande do Sul state. Using the F-test (ANOVA), all samples of counterfeit Viagra® (n = 28) and Cialis® (n = 40) were well distinguished from authentic samples by the following post-TB characteristics: length (major and minor), thickness, and mass. Using the exploratory statistical technique of Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA), tablets with similar physical profiles were grouped. This result may indicate a common illicit production. We observed the validity of using post-TB properties to generate - in a fast and reliable manner and with no sample preparation - a technological profile that joins itself to the other analytical methods assisting in routine forensic detection of counterfeit Viagra® and Cialis®.

A simple ultra-performance liquid chromatographic method for the simultaneous determination of sildenafil citrate and tadalafil was developed and validated. Sample preparation was dissolution in methanol, followed by centrifugation and dilution (1:10) with methanol. Analysis was performed in an Acquity® UPLC system with Acquity® BEH C18 column (2.1 x 50 mm, with 1.7 μm particles). The elution was isocratic with phosphate buffer pH 2.3 and acetonitrile (65:35, v/v) at a flow rate of 0.7 mL/min. The method presented adequate specificity, linearity, precision and accuracy and allowed the determination of the drugs in seized forensic samples.