ABSTRACT Plants have organic components produced as secondary metabolites able to positively or negatively interfere on normal development of other species. The objective of this research was to determine the phytotoxic effect of aqueous leaf extract from two species Rubiaceae family: Tocoyena formosa and Rudgea viburnoides on the germination and initial development of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L). The extract was obtained from mixing 50 g of fresh leaf and 500 mL of distilled water. The experiment was arranged in completely randomized design for each specie, subjected to five extract concentrations: 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%; and 4 repetitions of 50 seed each. The bioassays were performed in laboratory at controlled temperature and luminosity during seven days. Results showed that the aqueous extract of both species do not affected the germination and the percent of abnormal lettuce seedlings. R. viburnoides showed no pronounced difference in relation to shoot length and dry biomass; however, the root length was reduced by 85%. The extract of T. formosa at higher concentrations, drastically reduce the dry biomass and length of shoots and roots. Therefore, both species have phytotoxic effect on seedling growth of lettuce being the length root the most affected variable.

Determine biological target, identify natural enemies, and establish appropriate periods of controlling a pest gracillariid tare. The biological aspects and natural enemies in field and laboratory were evaluated, appropriate control periods was determined by host-pest interaction. The results, egg lasts 7.8 days and measured 0.34x0.21 mm; presents four instars larvae and lasts 35.7 days, ranging from measures between 1st and the 4th instar from 0.09 to 0.65 mm diameter brain; the pupa lasts 14.3 days and measured 6.7mmx1.1mm; adult takes 7.5 days and measured 13.43 mm wingspan. Presents natural enemies, family Encyrtidae, Ichneumonidae, and genres Chelonus sp., Chrysoperla sp., Hemerobius sp., Cicloneda sp., Hippodamia sp., and Zelus spp. The best times control occur when the phenology of the tara is between R3.1 to R3.3 and R4 to R6

Se tuvo por objetivo determinar aspectos biológicos, identificar enemigos naturales, y establecer periodos oportunos de control de un gracillariido plaga de tara. Los aspectos biológicos y los enemigos naturales se evaluaron en campo y en laboratorio, los periodos oportunos de control se determinó por interacción hospedero-plaga. Los resultados, el huevo dura 7,8 días y mide 0,34x0,21mm; la larva presenta 4 instares y dura 35,7 días, variando de medidas entre 1o y 4o instar de 0,09 a 0,65 mm de diámetro de encéfalo; la pupa dura 14,3 días y mide 6,7mmx1,1mm; el adulto dura 7,5 días y mide 13,43 mm de expansión alar. Presenta enemigos naturales, familias Encyrtidae, Ichneumonidae, y géneros Chelonus sp., Chrysoperla sp., Hemerobius sp., Cicloneda sp., Hipodamia sp., y Zelus spp. Las mejores épocas de control ocurren cuando la fenología de la tara está entre R3.1 a R4 y R3.3 a R6

Derivatives pods tara (Caesalpinia spinosa (Molina) Kuntze Britton & Rose (1824)), have increasing industrial demands. In October 2015 in the province of San Marcos, Cajamarca region, the occurrence of attack Argyrotaenia aphaleropa Meyrick (1909) was verified tara pods, causing direct damage, interfering in its development and growth, depreciating the product commercially, generating restrictions exports; so this plague its integrated demand to decrease the incidence and prevent the entry to other regions free of attacks handling.

Los derivados de las vainas de tara (Caesalpinia spinosa (Molina) Kuntze Britton & Rose (1824)), presentan crecientes demandas industriales. En octubre del 2015 en la provincia de San Marcos, región Cajamarca, se verificó la ocurrencia de ataque de Argyrotaenia aphaleropa Meyrick (1909) a vainas de tara, produciendo daños directos, interfiriendo en su desarrollo y crecimiento, depreciando comercialmente el producto, generando restricciones en las exportaciones; por lo que esta plaga demanda su manejo integrado para disminuir la incidencia y evitar el ingreso a otras regiones libres de ataques.