Abstract Aim: This study aimed to compare the effects of linear periodization (LP) and undulating periodization (UP) of strength training on acceleration in skater children. Methods: Twenty-nine girls (9.67±1.29 years-old, 34.47±8.06kg, 1.39±0.13m) were distributed into two groups: linear periodization group (LPG, n=14) and undulating periodization group (UPG, n=15). Six levels of progressive training were designed based on activities such as multi-jumps, plyometrics, sled towing, and facilitated exercises. The training lasted 16 weeks, with a 1-h session on three non-consecutive days per week. The acceleration was recorded by digital videography following the major trochanter of the femur, at four moments and under two conditions: static (SS) and dynamic start (DS) in a rectilinear path. Statistical significance was set at 5%. Results: ANOVA indicated group*moment interaction in SS and DS for velocity (F3,81=7.883; p<0.001; pη2=0.226; F3,81=2.36; p=0.078; pη2=0.08-trend, respectively) and acceleration (F3,81=3.96; p=0.011; pη2=0.128; F3,81=2.92; p=0.039; pη2=0.098, respectively). Both groups increased velocity in SS and DS (UPG/SS: 1st=4.07, 2nd=9.75, 3rd=8.91, 4th=9.25m/s; LPG/SS: 1st=4.27, 2nd=7.13, 3rd=7.61, 4th=7.99m/s; UPG/DS: 1st=8.30, 2nd=8.73, 3rd=8.12, 4th=9.27m/s; LPG/DS: 1st=8.20, 2nd=8.31, 3rd=7.90, 4th=8.96m/s) and acceleration (UPG/SS: 1st=2.00, 2nd=8.69, 3rd=4.71, 4th=5.02m/s2; LPG/SS: 1st=2.37, 2nd=3.39, 3rd=3.68, 4th=4.12m/s2; UPG/DS: 1st=1.78, 2nd=1.97, 3rd=1.65, 4th=2.46m/s2; LPG/DS: 1st=1.67, 2nd=1.70, 3rd=1.48, 4th=1.93m/s2). Conclusion: Both strength training periodization protocols were effective in developing acceleration and velocity in girl skaters over 16 weeks; however, UP was more efficient than LP for improving acceleration.

Resumo Os fatores associados à mortalidade podem ser distintos em cada região e identificá-los contribuem para o desenvolvimento de políticas públicas voltadas à promoção e prevenção de saúde. Assim, os objetivos do estudo foram verificar fatores associados à mortalidade e analisar a influência da atividade física na mortalidade em adultos e idosos, residentes no município de Rio Claro - SP. Foi realizado um estudo de coorte em que o primeiro momento ocorreu no ano de 2008 e o segundo em 2014. Os participantes responderam questões sociodemográficas, nível de atividade física (NAF), variáveis de saúde e hábitos alimentares. No caso dos sujeitos que não foram encontrados após três tentativas, vizinhos e parentes foram questionados se tinham o contato daquela pessoa ou se a mesma havia falecido. Para analisar os fatores associados à mortalidade, foram utilizados três modelos de Regressão Logística para amostras complexas independentes (NAF total; NAF no transporte; NAF no lazer), por meio do programa SPSS versão 21.0, adotado um p<0,05. As variáveis que tiveram associação com a mortalidade nos três modelos foram: “sexo masculino”, “idoso” e “percepção de saúde ruim/muito ruim”. Além disso, não houve uma proteção para pessoas que praticavam 150 minutos ou mais de atividade física por semana quando comparados com indivíduos insuficientemente ativos e inativos. Estes achados podem nortear políticas públicas voltadas, principalmente, para a saúde de idosos, pessoas com ercepção de saúde ruim e homens na cidade de Rio Claro - SP.

Abstract The factors associated to mortality may be distinct in each region and identifying them can contribute to develop public policies related to health promotion and prevention. Thus, the aims of this study were verify the factors associated with mortality and the influence of physical activity on the mortality rates of adults and elderly living in the city of Rio Claro, SP. The first moment of the cohort study was conducted in 2008 and the second in 2014. Participants answered questions about socio-demographic level, level of physical activity (PA), health and eating habits variables. In the case of individuals who were not found after three attempts, neighbors and relatives were questioned about whether they had the contact with that person or if he/she had passed away. To analyze factor associated to mortality, three independent Logistic Regression models for complex samples were used (total PA; commuting PA; leisure PA), as well as the SPSS software version 21.0, considering p<0.05. The variables that were associated with mortality in the three models were: “male sex”, “elderly” and “poor/very poor health perception”. Further, individuals who spent 150 min/week of physical activity did not showed any protection against mortality when compared with those who did not achieve the recommendation. These results can guide public policies, mainly, to the health of the elderly, people with poor health perception and men.

Abstract AIM This study aimed to identify the effects of aging and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) on gait parameters after a four-month period and to investigate the effects of a four-month program of physical activity, with emphasis on the cognitive components of gait during single and dual task, in people with AD. METHODS Twenty-three people with AD, divided into the Training Group (TG; n=12; aged 79.17±7.62 years) and the Control Group (CG; n=11; aged 77.00±5.57 years), and eleven healthy older adults (Healthy Group - HG; aged 75.82±4.83 years) were included in this study. TG participated in a physical activity program for four months. The CG and HG were instructed not to participate in any kind of regular physical activity in this period. The physical activity program includes motor activities and cognitive tasks simultaneously. The participants attended a 1-h session three times a week. The kinematic parameters of gait were analyzed under two conditions, before and after a physical activity program: single and dual task. Deltas for all dependent variables between pre and post training were calculated. The deltas were compared using two-way ANOVAs with group (TG x CG and CG x HG) and task (single x dual task) as factors, with repeated measures for task. RESULTS After the training period, the TG improved stride length, duration, velocity and cadence compared to the CG. CONCLUSION Physical activity with emphasis on cognitive components promotes better reallocation of attention while walking in people with AD, improving attentional focus on the gait and thus resulting in a safer locomotive pattern.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar se pacientes com doença de Parkinson (DP) são capazes de modular o comportamento motor de acordo com restrições impostas pela instrução na tarefa de ultrapassagem de obstáculo. Dezoito idosos com diagnóstico de DP (comprometimento motor moderado) andaram sobre uma passarela e ultrapassaram um obstáculo de acordo com as seguintes instruções: velocidade preferida; elevação máxima do pé para ultrapassagem do obstáculo; máximo comprimento do passo de ultrapassagem; ultrapassagem em máxima velocidade. As modulações realizadas estão diretamente relacionadas às instruções dadas aos pacientes antes da realização de cada tarefa, o que indica que dicas auditivas podem influenciar e beneficiar as estratégias utilizadas. Através deste estudo é possível concluir que pacientes com DP são capazes de modular a ultrapassagem de obstáculo de acordo com a instrução que lhes é dada, o que aumenta a segurança na tarefa.

Abstract The aim of this study was to verify whether patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) are able to adjust their motor behavior according to restrictions imposed by the task instruction during walking with obstacle crossing. Eighteen elderly people (moderate motor compromise) with a diagnosis of PD walked on a pathway and cross an obstacle according to the following conditions: walking at preferred velocity; walking at maximum vertical elevation of the feet to cross the obstacle; walking at maximum step length to cross the obstacle; walking at maximum velocity. The modulations were directly related to the instructions provided to patients with PD before performing each task, which seems to indicate that attentional cues can influence and benefit strategies during obstacle crossing. In conclusion, patients with PD are able to adjust walking during obstacle crossing according to instructions given to them, which increases their safety.

Resumen El objetivo de este estudio fue verificar se los pacientes con enfermedad de Parkinson (EP) son capaces de modular el comportamiento motor de acuerdo con restricciones impuestas por la instrucción en la tarea de sobrepasar un obstáculo. Dieciocho adultos mayores con diagnóstico de EP (con deficiencia motora moderada) caminaran sobre una pasarela e sobrepasaran un obstáculo de acuerdo con las siguientes instrucciones: velocidad preferida; elevación máxima del pie para sobrepasar el obstáculo, máxima distancia del paso para sobrepasar el obstáculo; sobre pasada máxima velocidad. Las modulaciones realizadas están directamente relacionadas a las instrucciones dadas a los pacientes antes de la realización de cada tarea, lo que indica que pautas auditivas pueden influenciar e beneficiar las estrategias utilizadas. A través de este estudio se puede concluir que pacientes con EP son capaces de modular la sobrepasada de obstáculo de acuerdo con la instrucción que les es dada, lo que aumenta la seguridad en la tarea.

O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar o efeito de um programa de exercício multimodal (PEM) na capacidade funcional de pacientes com doença de Parkinson (DP), de acordo com a severidade da doença e gênero. Catorze pacientes com DP participaram do estudo, distribuídos em dois grupos: 1) severidade da doença, 2) gênero. A capacidade funcional foi avaliada antes e após 6 meses de intervenção. Em geral, os pacientes melhoraram a coordenação e força. Homens e mulheres melhoraram o desempenho da força após o exercício. Os homens também melhoraram a coordenação. Para a severidade da doença, o grupo unilateral melhorou a força, enquanto o grupo bilateral melhorou força, equilíbrio, coordenação e UPDRS funcional. Portanto, o PEM é eficiente na melhoria dos componentes da capacidade funcional de pacientes com DP, especialmente a força. O gênero deve ser considerado no programa de exercício. Pacientes no estágio bilateral parecem ter mais benefícios do exercício.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a multimodal exercise program (MEP) on the functional capacity of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) according to disease severity and gender. Fourteen patients with PD participated in the study and were distributed into groups according to 1) stage of disease and 2) gender. Functional capacity was evaluated before and after 6 months of intervention. The overall PD patient group improved their coordination and strength. Men and women improved in strength performance after exercise. Men also improved on coordination. For severity of disease, the unilateral group improved in strength, while the bilateral group improved in strength, balance, coordination and the UPDRS-functional score. In conclusion, a MEP is efficient in improving components of functional capacity in patients with PD, especially in strength. Gender may be considered in the exercise program. Individuals in the bilateral disease group appeared to benefit more from exercise.

Esto estudio investigó el efecto de un programa de ejercicio multimodal (PEM) en la capacidad funcional de pacientes con enfermedad de Parkinson (EP), considerando la severidad de la enfermedad y el género. Catorce pacientes con EP participaron del estudio, distribuidos en grupos: 1) severidad de la enfermedad, 2) género. La capacidad funcional fue avaluada antes y después de 6-meses de intervención. En general, los pacientes mejoraron coordinación y fuerza. Hombres y mujeres mejoraron el desempeño de la fuerza después del ejercicio. Todavía, los hombres también mejoraron coordinación. Considerando la gravedad de la enfermedad, el grupo unilateral mejoró fuerza y el grupo bilateral mejoró fuerza, equilibrio, coordinación y la UPDRS-funcional. Así, el PEM fue eficaz en mejorar los componentes de la capacidad funcional de pacientes con EP, especialmente la fuerza. El género debe ser considerado en el programa de ejercicios. Individuos con enfermedad bilateral parecen beneficiarse más de los ejercicios.