Abstract Background The Good Practices in Cardiology Program is an initiative created by the Brazilian Society of Cardiology (SBC) to improve the quality of care of cardiovascular disease patients in Brazilian public hospitals. Objectives To characterize patients admitted to a tertiary public hospital with diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) or heart failure (HF) and to evaluate performance indicators in both ACS and HF arms, with a pre-established target of 85% adherence to the SBC recommendations. Methods This was a descriptive cross-sectional study through data collection of patients hospitalized between May 2016 and September 2019. Results A total of 1,036 patients were included, 273 in the HF arm and 763 in the ACS arm. Mean age was 59.8 ± 12.0 years in the ACS and 57.0 ± 14.1 years in the HF, with a predominance of male patients in both groups. More than half of patients had some primary education and more than 90% reported a monthly income of less than five minimum wages. In ACS, the diagnosis of ACS with ST segment elevation was predominant (66.3%), and 2.9% of patients died. In HF, the most common etiology was Chagas disease (25.8%), and 17.9% died. Analysis of the performance indicators revealed an adherence rate higher than 85% to nine of the 12 indicators. Conclusion Quality programs are essential for improvement of quality of care. Performance indicators pointed to a good adherence to the SBC guidelines, mainly in the ACS arm.

Resumo Fundamento O Programa Boas Práticas em Cardiologia é uma iniciativa da Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia (SBC) destinada à melhoria do cuidado cardiovascular nos hospitais públicos brasileiros. Objetivos Descrever características dos pacientes internados com Síndrome Coronariana Aguda (SCA) e Insuficiência Cardíaca (IC) e avaliar os indicadores de desempenho alcançados nos braços (SCA e IC) em um hospital público terciário, com uma meta pré-estabelecida de 85% de aderência às recomendações da SBC. Métodos Estudo do tipo transversal descritivo realizado por meio da coleta de dados de pacientes que estiveram internados entre maio de 2016 e setembro de 2019. Resultados Foram incluídos 1036 pacientes, 273 pacientes no braço IC e 763 no braço SCA. A média de idade foi de 59,8 ± 12,0 anos na SCA e 57,0 ± 14,1 anos na IC, com predomínio do sexo masculino em ambos os grupos. Mais da metade dos pacientes não tinham ensino fundamental completo e mais de 90% declararam renda mensal inferior a cinco salários-mínimos. Na SCA, predominou o diagnóstico de SCA com supradesnivelamento do segmento ST (66,3%) e 2,9% dos pacientes foram a óbito. Na IC, a etiologia mais comum foi a Doença de Chagas (25,8%) e 17,9% dos pacientes foram a óbito. Na avaliação dos indicadores de desempenho, nove dos 12 indicadores tiveram taxas de aderência acima de 85%. Conclusão Programas de qualidade são essenciais à melhoria do cuidado e os indicadores de desempenho do hospital apontam para uma boa adesão às diretrizes assistenciais da SBC, particularmente no braço da SCA.

Abstract The objective of this work is to investigate the conversion of spent coffee grounds (SCG) into biochar (BSC) and the ecotoxicological effects of the product obtained. The SCG and BSC were characterized by characterized by different techniques (TGA/DTG, FTIR, XRD, SEM, EDS, and EDXRF). Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H NMR) was used to characterize the aqueous extract of BSC. The inhibitory effect on lettuce (Lactuca sativa) germination was investigated. Besides, antimicrobial activity evaluation trials were conducted with Azospirillum brasilense and Trichoderma spp. The results showed that in the BSC production process, the extractives and lignocellulosic components in the SCG were partly decomposed. Tests conducted with microorganisms did not reveal any toxic effect of BSC. However, high phytotoxicity against lettuce was recorded for rate 100 t/ha of BSC. This effect was associated with the presence of carboxylic acids identified by 1H NMR in the BSC extract aqueous.

Abstract Demand for iron ore worldwide has been steadily increasing, thus implying an increase in the volume of mining resulting in the extraction of ores with higher levels of silicon, phosphorus and sulfur impurities. An extensively used alternative is to perform a pre-treatment of the particles in order to reach the acceptable phosphorus limit in iron ore before its use in steel production. This study aims at the evaluation of the heating process and decrease of the phosphorus content of the particles using microwave energy in iron ore samples percolated by sulfuric acid followed by the leaching technique as a feasible route for the remotion of the phosphorus content in iron ore particles. Using the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and statistical analysis techniques, it was possible to observe the characteristics of the iron ore particles after treatment with microwave energy. The results indicated that the developed process is feasible. The results of the kinetic simulation contribute to a better understanding of the phenomena of heating using microwave energy and also to the development of new cleaner technologies aiming to improve the efficiency of the acid baking - leaching technique for the reduction of the phosphorus content in iron ore particles.

Unlike the available mineral resources, the steelmaking processes have demanded raw material with lower phosphorus content to decrease the costs, energy use, and the residue generated within the steel plant. One alternative is to develop pretreatment of the iron ore concentrates producing raw materials with lower phosphorus. Depending on the mineral structure, a heat treatment combined with leaching could be an efficient way to achieve concentrates with low phosphorus (less than 0.01%), suitable for steelmaking processes. A fast and efficient way of applying energy to iron ore particles is the use of microwave to heat the particles. Thus, we propose a treatment using microwave heating while mixing with a dilute aqueous solution of sulfuric acid, followed by quenching during leaching with water, as a feasible route for the phosphorus removal from iron ore particles. We performed a design of experiment (DOE) to investigate the optimal conditions of heating and leaching, which maximize the rate of phosphorus removal. The structure of the iron ore particles after their treatment with microwave energy was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Thus, we analyze the optimal conditions for heating and leaching, the structure of the iron ore particles and which mechanism and rate equations are controlling the phosphorus removal. The results indicated that the average heating time is 10 min, the size of the crack of the order of 20µm and a leaching time of 8 min are adequate to achieve less than 0.01% of phosphorus. We demonstrated that under the most favorable combination of conditions for heating followed by leaching proposed in this study, the removal of the phosphorus content in the iron ore samples could reach 100%.

RESUMO: Este artigo analisa as relações de poder-saber produtoras da deficiência nos discursos midiáticos do Portal do Professor do MEC. A partir da perspectiva foucaultiana de análise arqueológica do discurso, constatamos que a produção discursiva sobre a deficiência é realizada de modo híbrido, pois, ao mesmo tempo em que se fundamenta em um discurso inclusivo, que afirma o direito de ser diferente, ataca essa individualidade, fazendo aparecer um sujeito universal, reduzido nas conceitualizações médicas da deficiência. O Portal, ao prescrever práticas pedagógicas que cumpram as metas educacionais propostas pelo Estado brasileiro, pode produzir um efeito contrário, pois muito do que é proposto está atrelado a uma concepção de educação patologizante, o que contraria os pressupostos da inclusão.

ABSTRACT: This paper aims to analyze the relations of knowledge-power producers of disabilities in the mediatic speech in the Brazilian Ministry of Education Teacher´s Web Portal. From Foucault’s perspective of archaeological discourse analysis, we found out that the discursive production on disability has been performed in a hybrid mode, because, while it is based in an inclusive speech, it attacks this individuality, by displaying a universal subject, reduced in medical conceptualizations of disability. When prescribes teaching practices that fulfill the educational goals proposed by the Brazilian government, the Portal may produce the opposite effect, because much of what is proposed is linked to a conception of pathologizing education, which contradicts the assumptions of inclusion.

RÉSUMÉ: L’article analyse les relations de pouvoir-savoir productrices du handicap dans les discours médiatiques du Portail du Professeur du Ministère de l’Education brésilien (MEC). À partir de la perspective foucaldienne d’analyse archéologique du discours, on a constaté que la production discursive sur le handicap est produite d’une façon hybride, car au même temps qu’il se base sur un discours inclusif qui garantit le droit d’être différent, on attaque cette individualité, et un sujet universel naît, réduit par les conceptualisations médicales du handicap. Le Portail, en prescrivant des pratiques pédagogiques qui accomplissent les objectifs proposés par l’État Brésilien, peut venir à produire un effet contraire, car beaucoup de ce qui est proposé est rapporté à une conception d’éducation « pathologisante », ce qui contrarie les présupposés de l’inclusion.

Activated carbons (ACs) with well–developed microstructure and high microporosity were obtained from biomass by potassium hydroxide activation. The preparation process consisted in producing carbon materials in the ratios of activating agent to raw material 70:30, 50:50, 30:70 and 25:75 (w/w) characterized by thermal analysis coupled to spectroscopy (TG–DTA / FT–IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), N2 adsorption isotherms at –196 ºC and activation isotherm at 500 and 600 ºC for 3.0 h. Specific surface areas (SBET) within 728 and 1712 m2 g-1 and (Smic) within 1054 and 1923 m2 g-1 were obtained, while the micropores surface area was calculated using the Dubinin-Astakhov (DA) equation and the pore size distribution calculated from density functional theory (DFT) was found to be in the range 1.09 – 1.77 nm. Adsorption isotherms were fitted using Langmuir and Freundlich non–linear models and the adsorption capacity determined for methylene blue dye was between 27.13 and 459.20 mg g-1.

RESUMO: A soja é uma commodity de grande importância econômica em todo mundo, especialmente no Brasil, segundo maior produtor mundial. Os nematoides, em especial os do gênero Meloidogyne, causam grandes limitações na produtividade. A identificação das espécies de nematoides é uma informação importante para o manejo adequado. Neste trabalho, 26 populações do nematoide das galhas (Meloidogyne spp.), provenientes de municípios do estado da Bahia, Mato Grosso, Goiás e de Minas Gerais, foram caracterizados com base na morfologia da região perineal das fêmeas de Meloidogyne spp., seu perfil de esterase e identificação baseada em amplificação de regiões específicas do genoma dessas populações. Entre as populações de Meloidogyne spp. obtidas, identificou-se M. incognita e M. javanica. Não houve presença de populações mistas nas amostras analisadas. O diagnóstico baseado em análise molecular se mostrou mais rápido e confiável comparado ás outras análises.

ABSTRACT: Soybean is a commodity of great economic importance worldwide, particularly in Brazil, world’s second largest producer. Nematodes, especially those of the Meloidogyne genus, severely limit productivity. Identification of nematode species is important for effective soybean management. Here, 26 populations of root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp.) from 15 municipalities in the states of Bahia, Mato Grosso, Goias, and Minas Gerais were characterized based on the morphology of the female perineal region, esterase profile, and identification based on amplification of specific regions of the population genome. Among the Meloidogyne spp. populations obtained, M. incognita and M. javanica, were identified. No mixed populations were present in the samples. Diagnosis based on molecular analysis was shown to be reliable and the fastest for characterization of nematode populations compared to other methods analyzed.

RESUMO: na presente pesquisa, objetivamos investigar a representação cultural da deficiência nos discursos midiáticos do Portal do Professor do Ministério da Educação (MEC), buscando identificar os estereótipos e as possíveis essencializações existentes na produção dos sujeitos com deficiência. Nossa análise fundamentou-se na perspectiva foucaultiana de análise arqueológica do discurso, portanto, elegemos como arquivo um conjunto de documentos que vão desde aulas produzidas no Espaço da aula, passando por publicações no Jornal do professor, nos quais se encontram artigos ligados à deficiência, por discursos de profissionais da educação, veiculados nos vídeos institucionais, até músicas, artigos de revistas, histórias em quadrinhos (HQs), vídeos do youtube, textos da literatura infantil, dentre outros. Os achados da pesquisa revelam que, embora o discurso do Portal atraia os professores pelas possibilidades de intervenção, de transformação que oferece, apesar do conjunto heterogêneo de técnicas que utiliza, conquanto seja subsidiado pelo Ministério da Educação, continua persistindo na produção da deficiência de uma maneira pejorativa e estereotipada. Assim, o Portal do Professor do MEC, ao colocar ao dispor dos professores metodologias variadas, ao mostrar as condutas desejáveis, ao prescrever práticas pedagógicas que cumpram as metas educacionais propostas pelo Estado Brasileiro, para educação das pessoas com deficiência, numa perspectiva inclusiva, pode acabar produzindo um efeito contrário, tendo em vista que muito do que é proposto nesse espaço formativo está atrelado a uma concepção de educação normalizadora e patologizante, contrariando os pressupostos básicos de uma educação inclusiva.

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to investigate the cultural representation of deficiency in the media speech built up by the Ministry of Education (MEC) in its Teacher's Web Portal, seeking to identify the stereotypes and possible existing essentialization throughout the production about disabled people. Our analysis was based on Foucault's perspective of archaeological discourse analysis, therefore, we nominated as file a set of documents ranging from lessons elaborated in the section Espaço da Aula (Classroom), publications in Jornal do Professor (Teacher's Journal), in which one can find articles related to disabilities, supported by education professionals and broadcasted in institutional videos, as well as music, magazine articles, comic books, youtube videos, children's literature, among others. The research has showed that despite being an attractive website, due to its many qualities, such as possibilities of intervention and a heterogeneous set of techniques used, the Web Portal, which is subsidized by the Ministry of Education, persists in the production of disability in a pejorative and stereotyped way. Thus, despite the fact that the MEC Teacher´s Web Portal offers the teachers a variety of methodologies, showing desirable procedures and recommending pedagogical practices which meet the educational goals proposed by the Brazilian State to the education of people with disabilities in an inclusive perspective, it may end up producing the opposite effect, noticing that much of what is proposed in this formative website is related to a concept of a regulatory and pathological education, which contradicts the basic assumptions of inclusive education.

Objetivo Identificar as dificuldades enfrentadas pelos pais de crianças com doença do refluxo gastroesofágico.Métodos Pesquisa qualitativa realizada com 16 familiares de crianças com doença do refluxo gastroesofágico. Foi utilizada uma questão norteadora, as entrevistas foram gravadas e transcritas. Utilizou-se a técnica de análise de conteúdo.Resultados Emergiram oito categorias relacionadas às dificuldades enfrentadas pelos pais: vômitos frequentes, pneumonia, custo com tratamento, convívio social prejudicado, perda de peso, padrão de sono prejudicado, gerando dificuldade na adesão ao tratamento com orientações insuficientes.Conclusão As dificuldades enfrentadas pelos pais de crianças com refluxo gastroesofágico foram representadas por categorias que podem servir de indicadores para a qualidade do cuidado prestado.

Objective Identifying the difficulties faced by parents of children with gastroesophageal reflux disease.Methods Qualitative study carried out with 16 parents of children with gastroesophageal reflux disease. A guiding question was used and the interviews were recorded and transcribed.Results Eight categories related to the difficulties faced by parents emerged, as follows: frequent vomiting, pneumonia, cost of treatment, impaired social interaction, weight loss and disturbed sleep pattern, causing difficulty in adhering to treatment with insufficient guidance.Conclusion The difficulties faced by parents of children with gastroesophageal reflux were represented by categories that can serve as indicators for the quality of provided care.

Objective Identifying the difficulties faced by parents of children with gastroesophageal reflux disease.Methods Qualitative study carried out with 16 parents of children with gastroesophageal reflux disease. A guiding question was used and the interviews were recorded and transcribed.Results Eight categories related to the difficulties faced by parents emerged, as follows: frequent vomiting, pneumonia, cost of treatment, impaired social interaction, weight loss and disturbed sleep pattern, causing difficulty in adhering to treatment with insufficient guidance.Conclusion The difficulties faced by parents of children with gastroesophageal reflux were represented by categories that can serve as indicators for the quality of provided care.

Objetivo Identificar as dificuldades enfrentadas pelos pais de crianças com doença do refluxo gastroesofágico.Métodos Pesquisa qualitativa realizada com 16 familiares de crianças com doença do refluxo gastroesofágico. Foi utilizada uma questão norteadora, as entrevistas foram gravadas e transcritas. Utilizou-se a técnica de análise de conteúdo.Resultados Emergiram oito categorias relacionadas às dificuldades enfrentadas pelos pais: vômitos frequentes, pneumonia, custo com tratamento, convívio social prejudicado, perda de peso, padrão de sono prejudicado, gerando dificuldade na adesão ao tratamento com orientações insuficientes.Conclusão As dificuldades enfrentadas pelos pais de crianças com refluxo gastroesofágico foram representadas por categorias que podem servir de indicadores para a qualidade do cuidado prestado.

Este estudo analisou a composição química e o potencial anestésico do óleo essencial (OE) de Nectandra megapotamica em robalos-peva (Centropomus parallelus). Para a extração do OE por hidrodestilação, as folhas foram separadas em jovens (OE-J) ou velhas (OE-V) e a composição química foi determinada por CG-EM. O potencial anestésico foi acessado através da avaliação do tempo de indução e recuperação da anestesia e resposta ao estresse do procedimento anestésico e transporte. Foram realizados três experimentos: em primeiro lugar, quatro concentrações diferentes de cada OE foram testadas para avaliar o tempo de indução à anestesia e de recuperação; em segundo lugar, duas concentrações do OE-V foram testadas para avaliar os efeitos sobre os parâmetros de estresse (níveis plasmáticos de glicose, lactato, Na+ e K+) causados pelo procedimento anestésico; em terceiro lugar, os peixes foram transportados em sacos plásticos com duas concentrações do OE-V para avaliação da qualidade da água e mortalidade. Todos os experimentos foram realizados em peixes aclimatados à salinidade zero e 33. Os constituintes majoritários do OE-J e OE-V foram: biciclogermacreno (46,5/34,6%), α-pineno (26,8/26,2%), β-pineno (7,9/12,3%) e germacreno D (9,6/9,1%). Sedação leve foi alcançada com 30 °L L-1(1,3-3,2 min) e anestesia profunda a partir de 150 °L L-1(5,6-8,0 min) com ambos OEs. O tempo de recuperação variou entre 1-10 min.O OE-V não foi capaz de evitar o estresse do procedimento anestésico, evidenciado pelos elevados níveis plasmáticos de glicose e lactato observados em todos os grupos. Os níveis plasmáticos de Na+ e K+ não foram significativamente afetados pelos tratamentos. Durante o transporte, o OE-V não impediu a deterioração da qualidade da água e a mortalidade pós-transporte. Concluindo, o OE de Nectandra megapotamicaapresenta atividade anestésica em robalos-peva, mas não foi capaz de evitar o estresse do procedimento anestésico e transporte.

This study analyzed the chemical composition and anesthetic potential of essential oil (EO) of Nectandra megapotamica in fat snook (Centropomus parallelus). For the extraction of EO by hydrodistillation, leaves were separated in young (EO-Y) or old (EO-O), and the chemical composition of the EOs was determined by CG-MS. The anesthetic potential was assessed by the evaluation of induction and recovery time of anesthesia and stress response from anesthesia and transport. Three experiments were carried out: i) four different concentrations of each EO were tested to evaluate anesthesia induction and recovery time; ii) two concentrations of EO-O were tested for the evaluation of its effects on stress parameters (glucose, lactate, and Na+ and K+ plasma levels) caused by anesthesia; and iii) fish were transported in plastic bags, supplied with two concentrations of EO-O for the evaluation of water quality and mortality. All experiments were performed on fish acclimated to 0 and 33 ppt salinity. The main constituents of the Y and O-EOs were bicyclogermacrene (46.5/34.6%), α-pinene (26.8/26.2%), β-pinene (7.9/12.3%), and germacrene D (9.6/9.1%). Mild sedation was achieved at 30 °L L-1(1.3-3.2 min) and deep anesthesia at 150 °L L-1(5.6-8.0 min) with both EOs. The recovery time ranged from 1-10 min. The EO-O was not able to avoid the stress of anesthesia evidenced by elevated glucose and lactate plasma levels observed in all groups. Plasma levels of Na+ and K+ were not significantly affected by treatments. During transport, the use of EO-O did not prevent deterioration in water quality and the post-transport mortality. In conclusion, the EO of N. megapotamica has anesthetic activity in fat snook, but it was not able to prevent the stress of anesthesia and transport.

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a ocorrência de Cryptosporidium, em animais domésticos de propriedades rurais ao redor de fragmentos de mata Atlântica de interior no município de Teodoro Sampaio, por exame convencional de flutuação em solução de sacarose, seguido de caracterização molecular dos parasitas através do sequenciamento dos produtos amplificados na PCR do gene SSU rRNA. Foram coletadas amostras fecais de animais domésticos criados para subsistência e estimação nas propriedades rurais do entorno de três fragmentos florestais. Amostras de bovinos (197), equinos (63), suínos (25), ovinos (11) e cães (28) foram coletadas de 98 propriedades rurais. A ocorrência de Cryptosporidium para a espécie bovina foi de 3,0% (6/197); para os cães, de 10,7% (3/28); e para os demais animais os resultados foram negativos. Todas as sequências obtidas das seis amostras de bovinos apresentaram identidade molecular com Cryptosporidium andersoni, enquanto as sequências oriundas de amostras de fezes de cães revelaram-se similares ao C. canis. A ocorrência do Cryptosporidium entre os animais estudados foi baixa. Diante dos resultados do presente estudo, o ciclo zoonótico da criptosporidiose parece ter menos importância nesta região. A presença de espécies de Cryptosporidium ainda pouco relatadas em humanos pode ser, por outro lado, importante para a fauna silvestre, uma vez que estes animais podem ser considerados como uma fonte de infecção e disseminação deste protozoário. O impacto e a magnitude da infecção de C. andersoni, em ruminantes selvagens, e de C. canis, em cães silvestres, deve ser avaliado em estudos futuros, com intuito de verificar a real importância dessas espécies nesta região.

The aim of this study was to assess the occurrence of Cryptosporidium in domestic animals in rural properties surrounding rain forest fragments within the municipality of Teodoro Sampaio, southeastern Brazil. Conventional sucrose flotation method followed by molecular characterization of the parasites by sequencing PCR products amplified from SSU rRNA gene were used. Stool samples were collected from domestic animals raised as pets and livestock in all rural properties surrounding three forest fragments. Samples from cattle (197), equine (63), pigs (25), sheep (11), and dogs (28) were collected from 98 rural properties. The frequency of occurrence of Cryptosporidium within each animal species was 3.0% (6/197) among cattle and 10.7% (3/28) among dogs. Cryptosporidium was not detected in stool samples from equine, sheep, and pigs. All sequences obtained from the six samples of calves showed molecular identity with Cryptosporidium andersoni while all sequences from dog samples were similar to C. canis. The frequency of occurrence of Cryptosporidium in these domestic animal species was low. The absence of C. parvum in the present study suggests that the zoonotic cycle of cryptosporidiosis may not be relevant in the region studied. The presence of Cryptosporidium species seldom described in humans may be, otherwise, important for the wild fauna as these animals are a source of infection and dissemination of this protozoan to other animal species. The impact and magnitude of infection by C. andersoni in wild ruminants and C. canis in wild canids have to be assessed in future studies to better understand the actual importance of these species in this region.