ABSTRACT Chromium is present in the tannery sludges worldwide making it a problem for agriculture. This study aimed to evaluate whether humus functions as a chromium stabilizing agent when using tannery sludge in the substrate of conilon coffee seedlings (Coffea canephora) and to determine what effects there are on leaf development and anatomy. Treatments consisted of a fixed dose of tannery sludge (30% of volume) on substrates of conilon coffee seedlings with different proportions of humus and subsoil (T-10, T-20, T-30, T-40% of humus). Information for the evaluation of leaf anatomy and seedling development was collected at 180 days after the planting of cuttings. From the phenological point of view, the treatments that best promoted seedling quality were T-30 and T-40. However, the greater the amount of humus in the substrate the greater the absorption of chromium by plants, which directly affected the organization of epidermal cells and leaf mesophyll. In addition, intense cytoplasmic degradation, ultrastructural changes in chloroplasts and mitochondria, and an increase in autophagic vacuoles were observed. We conclude that increasing the amount of humus in substrate with tannery sludge provides higher quality coffee seedlings, despite promoting greater absorption of chromium by plants and the consequent major intracellular disturbances.

Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the genetic diversity of Xanthomonas phaseoli p v. manihotis (Xpm) from eight populations from five cassava producing states in Brazil, through the rep-PCR (BOX-PCR and ERIC-PCR) and variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) markers. Cassava leaves with symptoms of cassava bacterial blight were collected in eight municipalities, and the Xpm isolates were identified by amplification with primers specific for these isolates. The identity of the Xpm isolates was confirmed with the BOX-PCR, ERIC-PCR, and VNTR markers. The observed selection pressure, together with the mode of reproduction and the mechanisms that increase genetic variability, allows of the pathogen populations to adapt according to microclimate variation, contributing to a differentiated reproductive success. ERIC-PCR and VNTRs are the best markers for evaluating the genetic variability in the eight studied Xpm populations. However, ERIC-PCR is the marker that best separated the groups by population and presented a higher similarity between the isolates of the same population. The study of the genetic diversity of Xpm is key to improve disease monitoring and management strategies in cassava crops.

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a diversidade genética de Xa nthomona s phaseoli p v . ma nihot i s (Xpm) de oito populações de cinco estados produtores de mandioca no Brasil, por meio de marcadores rep-PCR (BOX-PCR e ERIC-PCR) e variable number of tandem repeats (VNTRs). Folhas de mandioca com sintomas de crestamento bacteriano foram coletadas em oito municípios, e os isolados Xpm foram identificados por amplificação com iniciadores específicos para esses isolados. A identidade dos isolados Xmp foi confirmada com os marcadores BOX-PCR, ERIC-PCR e VNTRs. A pressão de seleção observada, junto com o modo de reprodução e os mecanismos que aumentam a variabilidade genética, permite que as populações do patógeno se adaptem de acordo com a variação dos microclimas, o que contribui para o sucesso reprodutivo diferenciado. ERIC-PCR e VNTRs são os melhores marcadores para avaliar a variabilidade genética das oito populações Xpm estudadas. No entanto, ERIC-PCR é o marcador que melhor separou os grupos por população e apresentou maior similaridade entre os isolados de uma mesma população. O estudo da diversidade genética de Xpm é fundamental para delinear estratégias de manejo e monitoramento de doenças na cultura da mandioca.

Abstract The use of forest species for the production of seedlings has been intensified due to the need for recovery of deforested areas and biomass production. However, the domestication of native forest species is restricted due to a lack of studies related to the ecology, physiology, and morphology of its seeds. The species Tachigali micropetala (Ducke) Zarucchi & Pipoly, which belongs to the family Fabaceae, presents tegument dormancy that hinders the entry of water and consequently the germination. The objective of this work was to select the best treatments for breaking dormancy in T. micropetala seeds. The treatments were: control (without pre-germinative treatment), cut in the integument, scarification in sandpaper, immersion in sulfuric acid for 5, 10, 15, and 20 minutes and immersion in water at 80 °C for 20 minutes. The sowing was done in germitest paper and the statistical design used was the completely randomized with eight treatments, five replicates of 25 seeds. For the sanity test, the seeds were submitted to two types of treatments: asepsis with 1.5% of sodium hypochlorite and control (seeds without asepsis). Each treatment contained 10 replicates, with 20 seeds each. The results obtained show that the treatments in acid for 15 and 10 minutes and mechanical scarification with sandpaper presented 90.4, 85.6 and 83.2% of germination, respectively, being these the most efficient for overcoming dormancy in T. micropetala seeds.

Resumo O uso de espécies florestais na produção de mudas tem sido intensificado devido à necessidade de recuperação de áreas desmatadas e produção de biomassa. No entanto, a domesticação de espécies florestais nativas é restrita devido à falta de estudos relacionados à ecologia, fisiologia e morfologia de suas sementes. A espécie Tachigali micropetala (Ducke) Zarucchi & Pipoly, pertencente à família Fabaceae, apresenta dormência de tegumento que dificulta a entrada de água e, consequentemente, a germinação. O objetivo deste trabalho foi selecionar os melhores tratamentos para a quebra da dormência em sementes de T. micropetala. Os tratamentos foram: controle (sem tratamento pré-germinativo), desponte, escarificação em lixa, imersão em ácido sulfúrico por 5, 10, 15 e 20 minutos e imersão em água a 80 ° C por 20 minutos. A semeadura foi realizada em papel germiteste e o delineamento estatístico utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado com oito tratamentos, cinco repetições de 25 sementes. Para o teste de sanidade, as sementes foram submetidas a dois tipos de tratamentos: assepsia com 1,5% de hipoclorito de sódio e controle (sementes sem assepsia). Cada tratamento continha 10 repetições, com 20 sementes cada. Os resultados obtidos mostram que os tratamentos em ácido por 15 e 10 minutos e a escarificação mecânica com lixa apresentaram 90,4%, 85,6% e 83,2% de germinação, respectivamente, sendo estes os mais eficientes para superar a dormência em sementes de T. micropetala.

Resumo Introdução A exposição a múltiplos fatores de riscos de forma simultânea podem repercutir negativamente no estado de saúde de pessoas idosas. Objetivo Identificar a presença simultânea de fatores de risco modificáveis e sua associação com a autopercepção negativa de saúde de idosos. Método Trata-se de estudo transversal com 310 idosos do município de Ibicuí-BA. Foram coletadas informações sobre fatores de riscos – consumo regular de álcool, tabagismo, inatividade física no lazer (IFL), consumo inadequado de frutas, verduras e legumes (CIFVL) – por meio de entrevistas. Na análise dos dados foram utilizados procedimentos da estatística descritiva e inferencial. Resultados Maiores escores de cluster foram observados na combinação do consumo regular de álcool e CIFVL em homens e a combinação de tabagismo e IFL entre as mulheres. A presença cumulativa de fatores de risco incrementou a probabilidade de autopercepção negativa do estado de saúde. Contudo, não houve associação entre as variáveis. Conclusão Houve diferença entre as principais combinações de cluster entre homens e mulheres. As combinações de fatores de riscos relacionadas à percepção negativa de saúde podem contribuir para o desenvolvimento de ações de promoção da saúde para a população idosa.

Abstract Background Exposure to multiple risk factors simultaneously can negatively impact the health status of older people. Objective To identify the simultaneous presence of modifiable risk factors and their association with the negative self-perception of elderly health. Method This is a cross-sectional study with 310 elderly people in the city of Ibicuí-BA. Information on risk factors – regular consumption of alcohol, smoking, leisure-time physical inactivity (IFL), inadequate consumption of fruits and vegetables (CIFVL) – was collected through interviews. In the data analysis procedures of descriptive and inferential statistics were used. Results Highest cluster scores were observed for the combination of regular alcohol consumption and CIFVL in men and the combination of smoking and IFL among women. The cumulative presence of risk factors increased the probability of negative self-perception of health status, although there was no statistically significant association. Conclusion There was a difference between the main cluster combinations between men and women. The combination of risk factors related to negative perception of health can contribute to the development of health promotion actions for the elderly population.

RESUMO O feijão-caupi sofre perdas de produção significativas quando submetido ao estresse salino, porém esta ocorrência é variável entre os genótipos. Com isso, objetivou-se avaliar a fenologia e a produção de sementes crioulas de feijão-caupi irrigadas com água salina. A pesquisa foi conduzida em duas etapas, a primeira aconteceu em casa de vegetação para avaliar a fenologia e a produção dos genótipos de feijão-caupi. A segunda foi realizada em laboratório para avaliar a viabilidade e o vigor das sementes produzidas na primeira etapa. Os tratamentos constaram da combinação de dois níveis de salinidade da água de irrigação (0,5 e 4,5 dS m-1) e 14 variedades crioulas de feijão-caupi (Boquinha, Ceará, Costela-de-vaca, Lisão, Canário, Pingo-de-ouro, Roxão, Branco, Canapum-branco, Canapum-miúdo, Baêta, Coruja, Paulistinha e Sempre-verde) adquiridas junto aos agricultores tradicionais da região Oeste do Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil. As variedades Canário, Baêta e Coruja resultaram com maior número de flores por planta e floração mais precoce. A salinidade diminuiu o número de flores por planta, aumentou o seu abortamento em todas as variedades crioulas e reduziu a produção para as precoces Branco, Canapum-miúdo, Baêta e Coruja. O cultivo irrigado com água salina não afetou a viabilidade das sementes da segunda geração do feijão-caupi, mas diminuiu o vigor das sementes das variedades Lisão, Pingo-de-ouro, Roxão, Branco, Canapum-branco, Canapum-miúdo, Baêta e Coruja. As variedades crioulas Boquinha, Ceará, Costela-de-vaca, Canário, Paulistinha e Sempre-verde foram indicadas para a produção de sementes de feijão-caupi irrigado com água salina.

ABSTRACT Cowpea suffers significant production losses when subjected to salt stress, but the response varies among genotypes. The objective of this study was to evaluate the phenology and production of traditional cowpea seeds under saline water irrigation. The experiment was conducted in two stages, the first one in a greenhouse to evaluate the phenology and production of cowpea genotypes and the second one in the laboratory to assess the viability and vigor of the seeds produced in the first stage. The treatments resulted from the combination of two salinity levels of the irrigation water (0.5 and 4.5 dS m-1) and 14 traditional cowpea varieties (Boquinha, Ceará, Costela-de-vaca, Lisão, Canário, Pingo-de-ouro, Roxão, Branco, Canapum-branco, Canapum-miúdo, Baêta, Coruja, Paulistinha, and Sempre-verde) acquired from traditional farmers in the western region of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. Canário, Baêta, and Coruja varieties have a higher number of flowers per plant and earlier flowering. Salinity reduced the number of flowers per plant, increased abortion in all traditional varieties and reduced production in the early varieties Branco, Canapum-miúdo, Baêta, and Coruja. Cultivation under saline water irrigation did not affect the viability of the seeds from the second generation of cowpea, but reduced the vigor of the seeds of the varieties Lisão, Pingo-de-ouro, Roxão, Branco, Canapum-branco, Canapum-miúdo, Baêta and Coruja. The traditional varieties Boquinha, Ceará, Costela-de-vaca, Canário, Paulistinha and Sempre-verde are indicated for the production of cowpea seeds under irrigation with saline water.

ABSTRACT: Bos taurus indicus temperament is variable and affects beef tenderization. Our objective was to investigate temperament and performance of non–castrated Nellore and identify groups based on Longissimus lumborum (LL) pH decline as well as beef characteristics produced by those groups. We investigated 94 animals with a subset of carcasses (n = 24) selected based on LL pH at 24 h postmortem (pm) to represent two groups: resistant to pH decline (> 5.8 called pH–Res; n = 10) and normal (< 5.7 called pH–Nor; n = 14). Steaks were fabricated from the LL muscle and randomly assigned to aging (2, 7, 14, and 21 days). Sarcomere length, cooking loss, myofibrillar fragmentation index (MFI), and Warner–Bratzler shear force (WBSF) were determined. Data on temperament were investigated in a multivariate approach, while beef data were compared between groups using the analysis of variance. Rectal temperature at the beginning of the finishing phase and total weight gain were greater and related to animals in the pH–Res group (p < 0.01 and p = 0.03, respectively). Temperature and pH decline curves, sarcomere length, and cooking loss revealed that pH–Res produced beef with lower quality compared to the pH–Nor group. Results for MFI and WBSF did not show differences between groups within each time pm; however, overall steaks from pH–Res were tougher (p = 0.06). Incidence of LL pH between 5.8 and 5.9 at 24 h pm did not compromise the tenderization rate or extension; however, it affected the water holding capacity in this population of Nellore cattle.

Abstract Introduction: The present study intends to systematically review the literature on the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods: The research was carried out according to the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyzes (PRISMA). Studies were selected from PubMed/MEDLINE and LILACS databases between December 2019 and May 17 2020, using the descriptors "ECMO AND COVID-19", "Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation AND COVID-19", "ECLS AND COVID-19", and "Extracorporeal Life Support AND COVID-19". Exclusion criteria were government epidemiological bulletins, comments, literature reviews, and articles without full access to content. Results: Two hundred and thirty-three scientific productions were found, however only 18 did not met the exclusion criteria and could be included in this study, amouting to a total of 911 patients - 624 (68.5%) men, 261 (28.6%) women, and 26 (2.8%) without sex information. The mean age of the patients was 53.7 years. ECMO was necessary in 274 (30.1%) people (200 [73%] submitted to veno-venous ECMO, nine [3.3%] to veno-arterial ECMO, and seven [2.5%] moved between these two types or needed a more specific ECMO according to the disease prognosis). Five studies did not specify the type of ECMO used, amounting 57 (20.8%) patients. Five patients (1.8%) were discharged, 77 (28.1%) died, 125 (45.6%) remained hospitalized until publication time of their respective studies, and 67 patients (24.4%) had no outcome information. Conclusion: It is evident that more research, covering larger populations, must be carried out in order to clearly elucidate the role of ECMO in the treatment of COVID-19.

Abstract INTRODUCTION: We evaluated the association between genetic polymorphisms in exon 1 (A/O alleles) and promoter regions at positions -550 (H/L variant, rs11003125) and -221 (X/Y variant, rs7096206) MBL2 and periportal fibrosis regression. METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study involving 114 Brazilians infected with Schistosoma mansoni, who were subjected to follow-up for three years after specific treatment for schistosomiasis to estimate the probability of periportal fibrosis regression. RESULTS: A risk association was observed between polymorphism at the exon 1 MBL2 and periportal fibrosis regression. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that the polymorphism of exon 1 MBL2 may potentially be used to predict periportal fibrosis regression in this population.

RESUMO Este estudo investigou o efeito do treinamento pliométrico (TP) no salto vertical em atletas jovens de basquete. Participaram 39 atletas, divididos em dois grupos experimentais (masculino - GEM e feminino - GEF) e dois grupos controle (masculino - GCM e feminino - GCF). O aplicativo My Jump quantificou a altura do salto a partir do tempo de voo. Para análise dos dados utilizou-se anova de medidas repetidas, tamanho de efeito de Cohen (TE) e a inferência baseada na magnitude, com nível de significância (p≤ 0,05). Os resultados indicam que o GEM e GCM apresentaram melhoras significativas no countermovement jump (CMJ) e squart jump (SJ). O GEF e GCF apresentaram diferenças significativas no SJ com efeito de interação, no CMJ apenas o GEF apresentou melhoras com efeito de interação. No TE, o GEM apresentou maiores efeitos no CMJ e SJ quando comparado ao GCM, no GEF, o TE foi maior somente no CMJ em relação ao GCF. As respostas qualitativas mostraram que o TP é provavelmente benéfico no GEM, já no GEF, mostrou que é provavelmente benéfico no SJ e muito provavelmente benéfico no CMJ. Conclui-se que o TP promoveu efeitos positivos no GEM e GEF, tanto no CMJ quanto no SJ. Nos grupos controles, ambos obtiveram melhorias significativas no SJ, porém no CMJ, somente o GCM apresentou aumento. Ademais, os resultados foram maiores no GEM e GEF em comparação com o GCM e GCF. Assim, o TP é indicado para potencializar o salto vertical em atletas jovens de basquete.

ABSTRACT This study investigated the effect of plyometric training (PT) on vertical jump in young basketball athletes. A total of 39 athletes were divided into two experimental groups (male - MEG and female - FEG) and two control groups (male - MCG and female - FCG). The My Jump app quantified jump height from flight time. Data analysis relied on repeated measures ANOVA, Cohen's effect size (ES) and magnitude-based inference, with a level of significance of p≤ 0.05. Results showed that the MEG and the MCG obtained significant improvements in the countermovement jump (CMJ) and in the squat jump (SJ). The FEG and the FCG presented significant differences in the SJ, with interaction effect; as for the CMJ, only the FEG showed improvements with interaction effect. Concerning ES, the MEG showed greater effects in the CMJ and in the SJ compared to the MCG; within the FEG, the ES was greater only for the CMJ in comparison with the FCG. Qualitative responses showed that PT is likely beneficial for the MEG, whereas for the FEG it is likely beneficial in the SJ, and very likely beneficial in the CMJ. It is concluded that PT brought about positive effects on the MEG and on the FEG, both in the CMJ and in the SJ. In the control groups, both obtained significant improvements in the SJ, but only the MCG showed an improvement in the CMJ. Furthermore, results were better in the MEG and in the FEG compared to the MGC and to the FCG. Thus, PT is suitable for vertical jump enhancement in young basketball athletes.

Abstract The new cassava variety ‘BRS Novo Horizonte’ was developed and released in Bahia, Brazil for industrial use, particularly for starch production. The fresh and dry root yields were 39% and 44% higher, respectively, than those of local varieties. The root quality traits allowed the extraction of high-quality starch. The variety is also adapted for mechanized cropping systems.

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi utilizar a técnica de substituição de copa para tentar reduzir o tempo de avaliação em campo e selecionar clones promissores de cupuaçuzeiro. Árvores de 15 anos de idade no campo tiveram suas copas substituídas e 16 tratamentos (clones) foram utilizados em um delineamento de blocos casualizados com 18 repetições e uma planta por parcela. O experimento durou 10 anos e foram avaliados o número médio de frutos, produção de frutos, sementes e polpa (kg/planta) e os sintomas da doença “vassoura-de-bruxa”. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos ao teste de normalidade e, posteriormente, à ANOVA. Os resultados destacaram os clones 32, 42, 44, 46, 47, 61, 62, 63 e 64, reunindo, entre eles, indivíduos com características como produtividade, tolerância à vassoura-de-bruxa e características interessantes de frutos. Os desempenhos demonstram que a técnica foi eficaz na avaliação de genótipos de cupuaçuzeiro, uma vez que os clones revelaram seu potencial, desde os primeiros anos de estabelecimento em campo. Isso permitiu reduzir em pelo menos 30% o tempo necessário para avaliar o genótipo do cupuaçuzeiro. Dos nove clones apresentados, cinco clones (32, 42, 46, 61 e 64) já devem estar disponíveis aos produtores para substituir o dossel de árvores improdutivas.

Abstract This study aimed to use the canopy replacement technique to reduce the field evaluation time and to select promising cupuassu tree clones. The study was carried out under field conditions using fifteen-year-old trees. The crowns were replaced using 16 treatments (clones). The experiment was conducted using randomized blocks design with 18 replicates and one plant per plot, during a period of ten years. The following variables were evaluated: average number of fruits, fruit, seed and pulp production (kg/plant) and symptoms of “witches broom” disease. The data were checked for normality followed by analysis of variance. The results highlighted clones 32, 42, 44, 46, 47, 61, 62, 63 and 64, presenting characteristics such as productivity, tolerance to witches’ broom disease and interesting fruit characteristics. The results demonstrate that the technique was effective in the evaluation of cupuassu tree genotypes, since the clones revealed their potential at early stages after establishment in the field. There was a reduction by at least 30% regarding the time needed to evaluate cupuassu tree genotypes. Five clones (32, 42, 46, 61 and 64) already present the potential to be made available to producers, aimed at replacing the canopy of unproductive trees.

Abstract The objective of this study was to analyze walking speed as a predictor of functional disability (FD) in the elderly. This cross-sectional, epidemiological study was carried out in a Municipality of the State of Bahia, in the Northeastern Region of Brazil, with a probabilistic sample of 310 elderly people with an average age of 71.62 (SD = 8.15) years old, enrolled in the Family Health Units of the municipality. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed and the criterion discriminating the walking speed of 2.44 m (seconds) for functional disability was determined. The walking times that best discriminated the FD were ≥12.83 seconds for men and ≥10.77 seconds for women. It was concluded that walking speed has a good ability to discriminate the FD in the elderly and it can be used in the gerontological evaluation and in the survey of the health conditions of the elderly.

Resumo O objetivo desse estudo foi analisar a velocidade de caminhada como preditora da incapacidade funcional (IF) em idosos. Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico, de corte transversal, realizado em um município do Estado da Bahia, região nordeste do Brasil com amostra probabilística de 310 idosos com média de idade de 71.62 (DP= 8.15) anos, cadastrados nas Unidades de Saúde da Família do município. Foram construídas curvas Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) e determinado o critério discriminador da velocidade de caminhada de 2.44 m (segundos) para incapacidade funcional. Os tempos de caminhada que melhor discriminam a IF foram de ≥12,83 segundos para os homens e ≥10,77 segundos para mulheres. Conclui-se que a velocidade de caminhada tem boa capacidade de discriminar a IF em idosos e pode ser utilizada na avaliação gerontológica e em levantamento das condições de saúde dos idosos.

Abstract Aims: To compare the effect that two programs of physical exercise have over the memory of elderly people. Methods: This was an intervention study conducted with 79 seniors of both sexes. Individuals included in the study were randomly assigned into two groups: aerobic exercise (39 individuals) and neuromotor exercise (40 individuals). Interventions: The aerobic exercise program consisted of walking activities. The neuromotor exercise program included activities for muscle strength, flexibility, balance, and agility. A total of 36 sessions were conducted with each one lasting approximately 50 minutes, 3 days a week for a period of 12 weeks, for both groups. Main outcomes and measures: The intensity of activity was controlled by the Borg scale (12-16). We evaluated memory performance through a list of figures. Means of the tests for memory performance were compared through Repeated Measures (p ≤ 0.05). Results: After the intervention period, 44 individuals remained in the sample while 29 remained in the aerobic group and 15 in the neuromotor group. The average age of respondents was 68.81 ± 7.12 years. No significant differences were observed between groups when analyzing the interaction, time, and group according to memory tests. Significant improvements were identified after the intervention period in both groups for the variables nomination and incidental memory. Conclusion: Aerobic and neuromotor exercise programs led to an increase in the memory performance of the elderly in the functions appointment (short-term memory) and incidental memory (long-term memory).