ABSTRACT Pilot-scale test stations make it possible to obtain reliable and comparable results applicable to full–scale systems by conforming to specified proportional limits. Therefore, in this study, normal and frictional pressures were evaluated in a pilot-scale test station composed of a slender cylinder silo using maize, a free-flowing product, as the stored product. Temporal effects were analyzed and verified during filling, static, and discharge conditions. The maximum normal and frictional pressures were also evaluated. The results were compared with ISO 11697: 1995. During filling, accommodation peaks occurred only in the α: 30° hopper. In general, normal pressures were higher for the flat bottom whereas higher frictional pressures occurred for the 30° hopper. The maximum experimental pressures (normal and frictional) were lower than those provided by ISO 11697. Therefore, it is concluded that the coefficients used in the ISO standard are sufficient to promote safety in silo projects.

RESUMO Introdução: A testosterona é o principal hormônio regulador das funções reprodutivas masculinas, participando diretamente da espermatogênese e do aumento da atividade sexual. A dosagem sanguínea desse hormônio é fundamental no diagnóstico de distúrbios neuroendócrinos, como o hipogonadismo. Entretanto, há pouca padronização no preparo adequado do paciente para a coleta do hormônio em laboratórios clínicos. Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito de variáveis pré-analíticas, incluindo realização de jejum, variação circadiana e sazonal nas dosagens de testosterona em jovens saudáveis do sexo masculino. Material e métodos: Foram selecionados 42 voluntários para o estudo, na cidade de Barbacena, Minas Gerais. Quatro amostras de sangue de cada um dos participantes foram coletadas, sendo três no inverno: a primeira de manhã, em jejum; a segunda à tarde, sem jejum; a terceira no dia seguinte, de manhã, sem jejum. A última foi coletada no verão, na parte da manhã, em jejum. Resultados: As análises demonstraram que houve diminuição significativa dos níveis de testosterona total quando não foi realizado jejum de 8 horas antes da coleta e no período da tarde em comparação ao período da manhã, ambos com valor de p < 0,001. Não houve diferença significativa nos resultados obtidos no inverno e no verão. Conclusão: Recomendamos que os laboratórios clínicos padronizem a coleta de testosterona total com a realização do exame no período da manhã e em jejum de 8 horas, a fim de reduzir a variabilidade e garantir a confiabilidade nos resultados.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Testosterone is the main hormone that regulates male reproductive functions, directly participating in spermatogenesis and increasing sexual activity. The blood measurement of this hormone is essential for the diagnosis of neuroendocrine disorders, such as hypogonadism. However, there is lack of standardization regarding patient preparation for the hormone collection in clinical laboratories. Objective: Evaluate the effect of pre-analytical variables, including fasting, circadian and seasonal variation on testosterone levels in healthy young males. Material and methods: Forty-two volunteers were selected for the study, in the city of Barbacena, Minas Gerais. Four blood samples were collected from each of the participants, three in the winter: the first one in the morning after fasting; the second in the afternoon, without fasting; the third, in the next day morning, without fasting; and the last one taken in the summer, in the morning, after fasting. Results: The analyses showed that there was a significant decrease in total testosterone levels when there was no fasting for eight hours prior to collection and in the afternoon compared to the morning, both with p < 0.001. There was no significant difference in the results obtained in winter and summer. Conclusion: It is recommended that clinical laboratories standardize the collection of total testosterone by performing the test in the morning and after an eight-hour fast, in order to reduce variability and ensure reliability in the results.

RESUMEN Introducción: La testosterona es la principal hormona reguladora de funciones reproductoras masculinas, participando directamente en la espermatogénesis y en el aumento de la actividad sexual. La medición sanguínea de esa hormona es fundamental en el diagnóstico de trastornos neuroendocrinos, como el hipogonadismo. Sin embargo, hay poca estandarización en la preparación adecuada del paciente para la recolección de la hormona en laboratorios clínicos. Objetivo: Evaluar el efecto de variables preanalíticas, incluyendo ayuno, variación circadiana y estacional en las mediciones de testosterona en hombres jóvenes sanos. Material y métodos: Se eligieron 42 voluntarios para el estudio, en la ciudad de Barbacena, Minas Gerais. Se tomaron cuatro muestras de sangre de cada uno de los participantes, de las cuales tres en invierno: la primera, matutina, en ayunas; la segunda, vespertina, sin ayunas; la tercera, el dia siguiente, matutina, sin ayunas; el última se recolectó en verano, por la mañana, en ayunas. Resultados: Los análisis demostraron que hubo reducción significativa en los niveles de testosterona total cuando no se realizó el ayuno de ocho horas antes de la recolección y en el período vespertino en comparación al matutino, ambos con valor de p < 0,001. No hubo diferencia significativa en los resultados obtenidos en invierno y en verano. Conclusión: Se recomienda que los laboratórios clínicos estandarizen la recolección de testosterona total con la realización de la prueba en el período matutino y en ayuno de ocho horas, para reducir la variación y garantizar la confiabilidad de los resultados.

RESUMO: Relatam-se dois surtos de lesões traumáticas associadas ao pastejo e ingestão da Tacinga inamoena por caprinos e ovinos no estado da Paraíba, Brasil. No primeiro surto observou-se durante uma inspeção preliminar do rebanho que 15 dos 70 animais apresentavam alterações oculares, os animais foram submetidos ao exame físico geral e ao exame oftálmico. Lacrimejamento excessivo, blefarite, fotofobia, opacidade de córnea, hifema, neovascularização corneana, úlceras de córnea e gloquídeos aderidos à conjuntiva bulbar e córnea foram os achados clínicos identificados. A planta estava presente em diversas áreas e em grande quantidade nas áreas de pastejo, onde os animais eram vistos ingerindo seus frutos. No segundo surto, dois ovinos de um total de 100 animais, foram identificados com lesões orais associadas ao pastejo em áreas da planta. Um deles foi encaminhado ao Hospital Veterinário. No exame físico, o animal apresentou apatia, anorexia, escore corporal 1,5, pelos opacos, eriçados e no pelame era possível identificar gloquídeos. Na cavidade oral observou-se halitose, sialorreia intensa, extensas úlceras hemorrágicas e sensibilidade dolorosa à palpação. Devido ao prognóstico desfavorável o animal foi eutanasiado. Na necropsia, placas multifocais a coalescentes, elevadas, firmes e com superfície irregular, ulcerada, por vezes crostosas, com centro amarelo a marrom-claro e bordos eritematosos, estavam presentes nos lábios superiores, inferiores, mucosa oral, língua, palatos duro e mole. T. inamoena causa sérias lesões orais e oftálmicas em pequenos ruminantes no semiárido nordestino e prejuízos econômicos de grandes dimensões, que podem ser agravados pelo comportamento invasor da T. inamoena em áreas com indícios de degradação ambiental.

ABSTRACT: Two outbreaks of traumatic injuries in goats and sheep associated with grazing and ingestion of the cactus Tacinga inamoena have recently been reported in the state of Paraíba, Brazil. In the first of these, which was detected in 2019 during a preliminary inspection of a herd of 70 animals, it was found that 15 showed certain ocular complications, and these animals were subjected to general physical and ophthalmic examinations. The clinical findings included excessive lacrimation, blepharitis, photophobia, corneal opacity, hyphema, corneal neovascularization, corneal ulcers, and adherence of gloquids to the bulbar conjunctiva and cornea. Large amounts of T. inamoena were found to be present in several areas in which these animals had been grazed and had been observed consuming the fruits of this plant. In the second outbreak during the following year, two sheep from a total of 100 animals were identified as having oral lesions associated with grazing in areas within which T. inamoena was growing. One of these animals was referred to a veterinary hospital, and on physical examination was found to show apathy, anorexia, a body score of 1.5, and the presence of gloquids within the fur. With respect to the oral cavity, halitosis, severe sialorrhea, extensive hemorrhagic ulcers, and painful tenderness on palpation were detected. Given the unfavorable prognosis, the sheep was subsequently euthanized. At necropsy, multifocal to coalescent plaques were detected on the upper and lower lips, oral mucosa, tongue, and hard and soft palates. These were generally elevated and firm and characterized by an irregular, ulcerated surface, sometimes crusty, with a yellow to light brown center and erythematous edges. The findings of this study highlight that the consumption of T. inamoena can cause serious oral and ophthalmic lesions in small ruminants in the northeastern semi-arid regions of Brazil, and can potentially contribute to substantial large economic losses. This problem tends to be exacerbated by the invasive behavior of T. Inamoena, particularly in areas in the process of environmental degradation.

RESUMO O uso de cama sobreposta de suínos (CSS) na adubação de pastagens pode ser uma importante alternativa do ponto de vista ambiental e econômico. Com o objetivo de avaliar a adubação com CSS de forma exclusiva ou associada a fertilizantes minerais, na qualidade e produtividade de Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça, foi conduzido um experimento em condições de campo, em Ipameri, GO. O delineamento foi em blocos ao acaso em esquema fatorial 2 x 5 com quatro repetições, em parcelas de 24 m². Foram testadas as doses de CSS (0; 5; 10; 15 e 20 Mg ha-1), com ou sem adubação com NPK (50 kg ha-1 de P2O5, 10 kg ha-1 de K2O e 10 kg ha-1 de N). O adubo orgânico foi aplicado a lanço na implantação da pastagem, e os fertilizantes minerais parcelados no plantio e em cobertura. Foram avaliadas a massa seca, proteína bruta, fibra em detergente ácido e fibra em detergente neutro. As doses de CSS associadas à adubação mineral apresentaram incrementos lineares de 52 a 282% nas variáveis avaliadas, e melhor composição bromatológica. A aplicação de CSS é benéfica à produção de pastagens e as aplicações crescentes até à dose de 20 Mg ha-1 de CSS associadas à adubação mineral apresentaram melhores resultados quantitativos e qualitativos. Com a adubação exclusiva com CSS os ganhos de qualidade e produtividade do capim Mombaça são menores.

ABSTRACT The use of pig deep-litter (PDL) in pasture fertilization can be an important alternative from an environmental and economic point of view. This study was conducted to evaluate the fertilization with PDL exclusively or in association with mineral fertilizers on the quality and productivity of Panicum maximum cv. Mombasa. The experiment was carried out in Ipameri, GO, Brazil. The design was a randomized block design in a 2 x 5 factorial scheme with four repetitions, in plots of 24 m². The doses of PDL (0; 5; 10; 15 and 20 Mg ha-1) were tested, with or without fertilization with NPK (50 kg ha-1 of P2O5, 10 kg ha-1 of K2O and 10 kg ha-1 of N). The organic fertilizer was applied broadcast at the planting of the pasture, and the mineral fertilizers were split and applied at planting and as topdressing. Dry mass, crude protein, acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber were evaluated. PDL doses associated with mineral fertilization led to linear increases from 52 to 282% in the analyzed variables and better bromatological composition. PDL application is beneficial to the production of pastures, and increasing applications up to the PDL dose of 20 Mg ha-1 associated with mineral fertilization promoted better quantitative and qualitative results. With exclusive fertilization with PDL, the gains in quality and productivity were more modest.

ABSTRACT Cowpea beans are of great socioeconomic expression for the rural population in North and Northeastern Brazil. This legume is rich in essential nutrients and exhibits great resistance to water stress. However, for grain processing, it is fundamental to study legume behavior during the hydration process. This study aims to evaluate the mass transfer of different cowpea beans via mathematical modeling to determine the viability of hydration for commercialization as a canned product. Physical and chemical analyses of lipids and moisture were performed. The soaking process was performed in a water bath with distilled water at 30, 40, and 50 °C. The mathematical model of Peleg presented satisfactory adjustments, with R2 values ranging between 99.78% and 99.99% and relative error (P) of <3.74%. In addition, the influence of binomial time/temperature was observed during hydration.

RESUMO Dentre os fatores que limitam a propagação de plantas, principalmente no semiárido brasileiro, destaca-se o problema de salinidade que afeta os solos em função da dissolução e intemperismo dos minerais e do solo. Objetivou-se avaliar a emergência e crescimento inicial de plantas de C. leprosum irrigadas com águas salinas de diferentes naturezas catiônicas. O experimento foi realizado em casa de vegetação utilizando o substrato fibra de coco comercial umedecido com águas salinizadas com Na, Ca e K nas condutividades elétricas de: 0,0; 1,5; 2,5; 3,5; 4,5; 5,5 e 6,5 dS m-1. Utilizou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 3 x 7 (três sais x sete níveis de condutividade elétrica). Durante vinte dias avaliou-se a emergência, índice de velocidade de emergência de plântulas, comprimento da raiz, comprimento da parte aérea, massas secas da raiz e da parte aérea. Os resultados indicaram interação significativa entre os dois fatores analisados. A emergência e crescimento inicial de plantas de C. leprosum apresentam diminuição gradativa em função do aumento dos níveis de condutividade elétrica, com o comprimento de raiz sendo menos afetado pelas águas salinizadas com CaCl e KCl. As plântulas de C. leprosum apresentam sensibilidade aos três tipos de sais, sendo verificado alta sensibilidade a KCl e NaCl.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the tolerance of C. leprosum seedlings to salt stress during the emergence and early seedling development. The experiment was carried out between the months of August and September, in a greenhouse, and the substrate used was the commercial coconut fiber wetted with aqueous solutions of sodium chloride (NaCl), calcium chloride (CaCl2) and potassium chloride (KCl) with the electrical conductivities of 0.0, 1.5, 2.5, 3.5, 4.5, 5.5 and 6.5 dS m-1. We used a completely randomized design in a 3 x 7 factorial scheme (three salts x seven levels of electrical conductivity). We evaluated seedling emergence, emergence speed index, root length, shoot length, dry matter of roots and shoots. The results indicated significant interaction between both factors analyzed. The emergence and initial growth of C. leprosum plants decrease gradually due to the increase of the electrical conductivity levels, with root length being less affected by waters salinized with CaCl and KCl. C. leprosum seedlings show sensitivity to the three types of salts and are highly sensitive to KCl and NaCl.

RESUMO A salinidade da água e do solo reduz o crescimento e a produção de culturas, em especial às fruteiras, como o mamoeiro, sendo necessário obter alternativas de manejo que viabilizem o cultivo sob tais condições. Assim, objetivou-se, com este estudo, avaliar o crescimento e fitomassa do mamoeiro cultivado sob irrigação com águas salinizadas e adubação orgânica. Usou-se o delineamento de blocos casualizados, com os tratamentos distribuídos em esquema fatorial, 5 x 2, constituídos de cinco níveis de salinidade da água de irrigação (0,6; 1,2; 1,8; 2,4 e 3,0 dS m-1) e dois níveis de adubação orgânica (10 e 20 L de esterco bovino por planta), com três repetições, totalizando trinta parcelas experimentais. Foram avaliadas variáveis de crescimento do mamoeiro. As plantas de mamoeiro foram afetadas negativamente pela salinidade da água de irrigação, com maior efeito no número de folhas e na massa seca das folhas, não havendo efeito dos níveis de esterco bovino.

ABSTRACT The salinity of water and soil reduces the growth and production of crops, especially the fruit trees, such as papaya. Thus, it is necessary to obtain management alternatives for cultivation under these conditions. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the growth and phytomass of papaya cultivated under irrigation with saline water and organic fertilization. An experiment was set up using a randomized block design, with the treatments distributed in a 5 x 2 factorial scheme, consisting of five levels of salinity of irrigation water (0.6, 1.2, 1.8, 2.4 and 3.0 dS m-1) and two levels of organic fertilization (10 and 20 L of bovine manure per plant), with three replications, totaling thirty experimental plots. Growth variables of papaya were evaluated. Papaya plants were negatively affected by irrigation water salinity, with a greater effect on the number of leaves and on dry phytomass of leaves, with no effect of bovine manure levels.

Abstract: Characterized by fluvio-alluvial sedimentation processes, the heterogeneity in the Pantanal Basin allows its division in several sub-regions, which present natural characteristics of their own. It is possible to find in the literature different proposals to subdivide the Pantanal plain, which vary in total area and number of sub-regions. Each author uses specific criteria – mainly vegetation, soil and humidity – in his delimitation, but does not consider the tectonic aspects of the basin. In this sense, we intend to analyze three Pantanal delimitations from the literature and to relate them to the neotectonic context of the Pantanal plain by comparing the boundaries proposed in the delimitations to structural lineaments present in the basin. As a result, we observe that the comparison of the Pantanal boundaries with the lineaments shows a high compatibility between them, suggesting the influence of these structures in the development of the sub-regions.

Resumo O objetivo do presente estudo foi revisar sistematicamente estudos que analisaram a associação da prática de atividade física de pais e filhos. Foi realizada uma busca sistemática em cinco bases de dados (Medline, Embase, Cinahl, Lilacs e SciELO), por meio da combinação de termos sobre crianças e adolescentes, atividade física e suporte social, sendo restrita a estudos contendo amostras brasileiras e escritos em Inglês e/ou Português. Foram incluídos treze estudos na presente revisão e foi observada associação positiva da prática de atividade física de pais e filhos na maioria dos estudos (n=11). Somente dois estudos não observaram associação significativa da atividade física de pais e filhos, contudo não foram observadas associações negativas. Foram observadas diferentes associações de acordo com o gênero tanto dos pais quanto dos filhos. Estes achados ressaltam a importância da prática de atividade física dos pais como incentivo à prática de atividade física dos filhos em amostras brasileiras. Estratégias de promoção da prática de atividade física em crianças e adolescentes de ambos os sexos devem considerar o suporte social como um fator importante, especialmente a respeito da prática de atividade física dos pais.

Abstract The aim of this study was systematically review the researches in regard the association of PA of parents and the PA of their children. A literature search was performed in five databases (Medline, Embase, Cinahl, Lilacs and SciELO) using combined terms about youth, PA and social support, with restriction to publications with Brazilian sample and to English and Portuguese language. Thirteen studies were included in this review and was observed a positive association of parental PA and the PA of their children for the majority of the studies (n=11). Only two studies did not observed significant association between PA of parents and their children and, otherwise, it was not observed negative associations in the review. It was observed different associations according to the gender of both parents and children. This findings support the importance for the practice of PA by parents as encouragement for the practice of PA by their children among Brazilians. The strategies to promote the increase in practice of physical activity of children and adolescents of both genders may consider the social support as an important factor, especially in relation to the practice of PA of their parents.

ABSTRACT Pantanal da Nhecolândia is one of the most well-preserved areas in the State of Mato Grosso do Sul. Located in the southern part of the Taquari River megafan, it is in tectonic contact with the fault escarpments of the Maracaju-Campo Grande plateaus to the east and with the fault escarpments of the Bodoquena plateau to the west, which continue to north. To the south and to the north, the limits are marked respectively by the lineaments of the Negro and Taquari Rivers. Nhecolândia is characterized by the existence of at least 17,631 lagoons, 17,050 (96.70 %) of which are of fresh water (baías) and 577 (3.3 %) of salty water (salinas). Studies based on (Landsat) satellite images and use of free software (QGIS, version 2.8.3) and GIS (Geographic Information Systems) revealed that the major axes of the lagoons are aligned along two directions, NE (62.49 %) and NW (37.51 %), with modes concentrated between N30-40E and N30-40W, suggesting in both cases the role played by tectonic control (neotectonics) in their formation. Evidences of fluvial origin are presented for these groups of lagoons, as well as for their tectonic alignment.

ABSTRACT Organic fertilizers are a viable alternative to increase oilseed productivity in family agriculture systems. The study aimed to evaluate the effects of timing and placement of cattle manure and/or gliricidia (Gliricidia sepium Jacq. Walp) prunings on cotton (Gossipium hirsutum L.) and sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) nutrient accumulation and biomass productivity. Experiments were carried out in 2010 and 2011 in Taperoá, Paraíba, Brazil. The organic fertilization treatments were: GI - gliricidia incorporated before planting; GS - gliricidia applied on surface 45 days after planting (DAP); MI + GI - manure and gliricidia incorporated before planting; MI + GS - manure incorporated before planting and gliricídia applied on the surface 45 DAP; MI - manure incorporated before planting; and T - with no organic fertilization. In 2010, treatment MI + GS increased N, P, and K accumulation in cotton (12 and 7 kg ha-1) as well as in sunflower (20 and 29 kg ha-1). In 2011, GI and GS treatments resulted in higher N, P, K accumulations in both crops. The highest cotton productivity in 2010 was obtained with MI + GS treatment (198 kg ha-1) and in 2011 with GS treatment (594 kg ha-1). For sunflower, MI + GS treatment yielded the highest productivity in 2010 (466 kg ha-1) and GI treatment in 2011 (3542 kg ha-1). GI and MI + GS treatments increased total biomass productivity for cotton and sunflower. The treatment that combined both cattle manure incorporated into the soil before planting and gliricidia applied on the surface 45 days after planting was the most viable management strategy.

RESUMO Objetivou-se, com este trabalho, avaliar a tolerância de porta-enxertos de goiabeira sob estresse salino na fase inicial de desenvolvimento. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação em delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados, no esquema fatorial 5 x 3, constituído de cinco níveis de salinidade da água de irrigação (0,6; 1,2; 1,8; 2,4 e 3,0 dS m-1) e três porta-enxertos de goiabeira (Crioula, Paluma e Ogawa), com quatro repetições e quatro plantas por repetição. Após 30 dias da semeadura foram avaliados a emergência, o crescimento e o acúmulo de fitomassa. O aumento da salinidade restringe a emergência, o crescimento e o acúmulo de fitomassa da goiabeira sendo os efeitos mais drásticos em níveis superiores a 1,8 dS m-1. A cultivar Crioula é mais tolerante à salinidade em relação às cultivares Paluma e Ogawa, podendo ser indicada como porta-enxerto.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the tolerance of guava rootstocks under salt stress in the initial development stage. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse in a randomized block design in a 5 x 3 factorial, consisting of five levels of irrigation water salinity (0.6, 1.2, 1.8, 2.4 and 3.0 dS m-1) and three guava rootstocks (‘Crioula’, ‘Paluma’ and ‘Ogawa’), with four replicates and four plants per replicate. Emergence, growth and phytomass accumulation were evaluated 30 days after sowing. Increased salinity restricts guava emergence, growth and phytomass accumulation, and the most drastic effects occur at levels higher than 1.8 dS m-1. The cultivar ‘Crioula’ is more tolerant to salinity in relation to ‘Paluma’ and ‘Ogawa’, and can be indicated as rootstock.

Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os fatores de risco envolvidos na transmissão de Chlamydophila abortus a ovinos e caprinos, bem como verificar a soroprevalência da infecção. Foram selecionadas 110 propriedades, com um total de 500 amostras de ovinos - 350 da Microrregião do Alto Médio Gurgueia (MRAMG) e 150 da Microrregião Homogênea de Teresina (MRHT), ambas do Estado do Piauí - e 600 amostras de caprinos - 300 da MRAMG e 300 da MRHT. Um questionário epidemiológico foi empregado para identificar os principais fatores de risco. Os anticorpos anti-C. abortus foram detectados pela técnica de fixação de complemento. A prevalência geral da infecção por C. abortus foi de 7,2% (79/1.100). A prevalência em caprinos e ovinos na MRAMG foi de 7,9% (51/650) e, na MRHT, foi de 6,2% (28/450). Nas microrregiões estudadas, a prevalência em ovinos foi de 8,2% (41/500) e, em caprinos, de 6,3% (38/600). O sistema de criação, as práticas reprodutivas e o tipo racial foram fatores de risco relevantes para a infecção em ovinos. Também foram relevantes em caprinos as práticas reprodutivas e a origem das matrizes e dos reprodutores. A raça Dorper apresenta maior suscetibilidade à infecção por C. abortus.

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the risk factors involved in the transmission of Chlamydophila abortus to sheep and goats, as well as to verify the seroprevalence of the infection. One hundred ten farms were selected, with a total of 500 sheep samples - 350 from the Microregion of Alto Médio Gurgueia (MRAMG), and 150 from the Homogeneous Microregion of Teresina (MRHT), both in the state of Piauí, Brazil - and 600 goat samples - 300 of the MRAMG and 300 of the MRHT. An epidemiological questionnaire was used to identify the main risk factors. Anti-C. abortus antibodies were detected by the complement fixation technique. Overall prevalence of infection by C. abortus was 7.2% (79/1,100). The prevalence in goats and sheep in the MRAMG was 7.9% (51/650), and in the MRHT it was 6.2% (28/450). In the studied microregions, the prevalence in sheep was 8.2% (41/500), and in goats it was 6.3% (38/600). The raising system, reproductive practices, and racial type were significant risk factors for infection in sheep. Also significant in goats were the reproductive practices and the origin of the does and bucks. The Dorper breed shows increased susceptibility to infection with C. abortus.

Resumo: A anemia infecciosa equina (EIA) é uma importante enfermidade, transmissível e incurável causada por um lentivírus, equine infectious anemia vírus (EIAV), e não há relatos na literatura desta infecção em equinos da Ilha de Marajó. O objetivo deste estudo foi diagnosticar a anemia infecciosa equina nos municípios de Cachoeira do Arari, Salvaterra, Santa Cruz do Arari e Soure, Ilha de Marajó, no bioma amazônico do estado do Pará, Brasil. Para a pesquisa sorológica foram coletadas 294 amostras de animais da espécie equina, acima de cinco meses de idade, de ambos os sexos, das raças puruca, marajoara e de mestiços, testadas pela imunodifusão em gel de Agar (IDGA). Foi verificada uma prevalência de 46.26% (136/294) de casos positivos para EIA. A doença é considerada endêmica nos municípios estudados, tanto pelos aspectos ecológicos da região que propiciam a manutenção da população de insetos hematófagos vetores, quanto pela ausência de medidas oficiais de controle da doença.

Abstract: Equine infectious anemia (EIA) is a transmissible and incurable disease caused by a lentivirus, the equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV). There are no reports in the literature of this infection in Equidae on Marajo Island. The objective of this study was to diagnose the disease in the municipalities of Cachoeira do Arari, Salvaterra, Santa Cruz do Arari and Soure, on Marajó Island, state of Pará, Brazil. For serological survey samples were collected from 294 horses, over 5-month-old, males and females of puruca and marajoara breeds and from some half-breeds, which were tested by immunodiffusion in Agar gel (AGID). A prevalence of 46.26% (136/294) positive cases was found. EIA is considered endemic in the municipalities studied, due to the ecology of the region with a high numbered population of bloodsucking insect vectors and the absence of official measures for the control of the disease.

ABSTRACTObjective:To establish the injury profile of soccer players from a first division Brazilian soccer team. In addition, we investigated the association between the characteristics of the injuries and the player's age and position.Method: Forty-eight players from a Brazilian first division soccer team were followed during one season. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize the injury profile. Spearman's tests were used to verify the association between the number and severity of injuries and the player's age. Chi-square test was used to verify the association between type of injury and player's position. Fisher's exact test was used to verify the association between the severity of injuries and player's position.Results: The incidence of injuries was 42.84/1000 hours in matches and 2.40/1000 hours in training. The injury severity was 19.5±34.4 days off competition or training. Lower limb was the most common location of injury and most injuries were muscular/tendinous, overuse, non-recurrent, and non-contact injuries. Player's age correlated with the amount and severity of muscle and tendon injuries. Defenders had more minimal injuries (1-3 days lost), while forwards had more moderate (8-28 days lost) and severe injuries (>28 days lost). Furthermore, wingbacks had more muscle and tendon injuries, while midfielders had more joint and ligament injuries.Conclusion: The injury profile of the Brazilian players investigated in this study reflected regional differences in soccer practices. Results confirm the influence of the player's age and position on the soccer injuries profile.