ABSTRACT Late sowings anticipate flowering and decrease the soybean vegetative plasticity. These changes may limit the ability of plants to tolerate leaf area losses. The objective of this research was to evaluate the sowing date effect on soybean tolerance to defoliation at the beginning of pod formation. The experiment was set in Lages (Santa Catarina State, Brazil) during the 2016/2017 growing season. Two sowing dates were tested: November 2, 2016 (preferential) and December 15, 2016 (late). Five levels of defoliation (0%, 17%, 33%, 50% and 67%) of cultivar NA 5909 RG were imposed at the R3 growth stage. Grain yield showed a quadratic response to defoliation, ranging from 4,313 to 6,478 kg ha-1 in the preferential sowing date and from 3,374 to 4,443 kg ha-1 in the late sowing date. The plants tolerated up to 45.6% of defoliation in early sowing and 55.8% in late sowing, without yield losses, in comparison to the control. The highest level of defoliation reduced grain yield by 26.9% and 13.4% in early and late sowings, respectively, compared to the control. The delay of sowing date did not increase the sensitivity of cultivar NA 5909 RG to defoliation at the beginning of pod formation.

ABSTRACT Soybean tolerance to defoliation may be affected by population density, as the plant population interferes with the crop leaf area index . This study aimed to evaluate the effect of defoliation at the beginning of pod formation on the agronomic performance of soybean at different plant densities. The experiment was conducted under field conditions in Campos Novos, SC, Brazil, during 2016/2017 and 2017/2018 growing season. The experimental design was a randomized block in a split-plot arrangement. The main plot consisted of three densities (100,000, 300,000, and 500,000 plants ha−1), whereas the subplots consisted of the cultivar NA 5909 RG submitted to five defoliation levels (0, 16.6, 33.3, 50, and 66.6%). Grain yield ranged from 4,219 to 5,356 kg ha−1 in the 2016/2017 growing season and 3,732 to 5,186 kg ha−1 in the 2017/2018 growing season. Plant density did not interfere with the grain yield response to defoliation performed at the beginning of pod formation. The 16.6% defoliation increase grain yield by 7.5 and 5.6% relative to the control in 2016/2017 and 2017/2018 growing seasons, respectively. The soybean tolerate defoliation of up to 33.3% at R3 with no significant decrease in grain yield, regardless of the plant density.

ABSTRACT Adapting existing laying facilities to meet animal welfare certifications is not a simple task. It causes higher expenses to producers, who are often hesitant to accept the need for changes. Considerations of their financial situation make them insecure to make assertive decisions in this area, as they seek to maintain the economic efficiency of laying poultry. This study aims to analyze the economic viability of laying systems (conventional cages and Cage-Free) with different housing densities. The data source was a systematized literature review. Five articles were found containing reports on systems. Further data sources were the lineage handbook and a survey with companies specializing in poultry farming. An analysis of economic viability was performed in the multiple scenarios. Densities in each system were used to compose different scenarios: Conventional: 1,500 cm²/bird, 750 cm²/bird, and 398 cm²/bird; and Cage-Free:7 birds/m² and 13 birds/m². The scenarios were evaluated in terms of Net Present Value, Internal Rate of Return, Modified Internal Rate of Return, Discounted Payback Method, Profitability Index, Equivalent Uniform Annual Value, and Monte Carlo Simulation. The best scenario was the Conventional, with 398 cm²/bird, presenting a higher NPV. The Cage-Free system, with seven birds per square meter, had a lower NPV compared to conventional systems. All scenarios had satisfactory chances of success. The risks of negative or null financial return were low according to Monte Carlo simulations. Conventional and Cage-Free production are economically viable when using densities of 1,500 cm²/bird, 750 cm²/bird, or 398 cm²/bird (conventional), and 7 birds/m², or 13 birds/m² (Cage-Free).

ABSTRACT. Water deficiency reduces leaf expansion and photosynthetic efficiency, potentially reducing the ability to withstand leaf area (LA) loss. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of water restriction on soybean tolerance to defoliation in the vegetative and reproductive periods of development. Two experiments were conducted in a greenhouse located in Lages, Santa Catarina State Brazil, during the 2017/2018 growing season. Cultivar NA 5909 RG was subjected to three WR levels (none, moderate, and severe) and five defoliation levels (0, 17, 33, 50, and 67%). Defoliation occurred at the V6 stage in the first experiment and R3 in the second. WR occurred for 7 days after defoliation. LA at R2 and R5 after defoliation at V6 and R3 decreased by 27.5 and 64.6%, respectively, regardless of WR. LA between V6 and R2 was not influenced by WR or defoliation. Moderate or severe WR reduced plant ability to recover LA between R3 and R5. Severe WR decreased grain production by 22.2% in the vegetative period and 21.2% per plant in the reproductive period compared to that of the control, regardless of defoliation. The highest defoliation level reduced grain production per plant by 24.7 and 24.3% relative to the control at stages V6 and R3, respectively, regardless of WR. WR imposed at the vegetative and reproductive stages did not increase defoliation sensitivity.

Abstract This study aimed to identify and analyze the content developed in competitive Rhythmic Gymnastics (RG) sports initiation. We interviewed six coaches who worked in basic categories of medalist clubs in the 2019 Brazilian RG Championships. From the thematic analysis, five themes emerged: (1) Specialize versus Expand: factors that limit and contribute to physical-motor development in RG sports initiation; (2) Body positioning is a “rule” in RG; (3) Body difficulties: training to learn or training to compete?; (4) From an accessory element to an essential element: the valorization of RG's apparatus; (5) Within the rules and outside of training: The artistic component in RG. We suggest that the content must respect gymnasts’ characteristics, their health, long-term training, and their integral development. As they are children, results would not be a priority at this stage, and the content should be established based on the RG’s future vision.

Resumen El objetivo de este estudio ha sido identificar y analizar el contenido desarrollado en la iniciación deportiva competitiva de la Gimnasia Rítmica (GR). Entrevistamos a seis entrenadoras de las categorías de base de instituciones medallistas en al menos una categoría de los Campeonatos Brasileños de GR 2019. A través del análisis temático emergieron cinco temas: (1) Especializar versus ampliar: Factores que limitan y contribuyen al desarrollo físico-motor en la iniciación deportiva de la GR; (2) Posicionamiento corporal es “regla” en la GR; (3) Dificultades corporales: ¿entrenar para aprender o entrenar para competir?; (4) De elemento accesorio a elemento esencial: la valorización los aparatos de GR; (5) Dentro de las reglas y fuera del entrenamiento: el componente artístico en la GR. Sugerimos que el contenido respete las características, la salud, formación a largo plazo y desarrollo integral de las gimnastas. Al tratarse de niñas, los resultados no serían prioridad en esta etapa y el contenido debería apoyarse en la visión de futuro de la modalidad.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar e analisar o conteúdo desenvolvido na iniciação esportiva competitiva da Ginástica Rítmica (GR). Entrevistamos seis treinadoras das categorias de base de instituições medalhistas em ao menos uma categoria dos Campeonatos Brasileiros de GR 2019. Por meio da análise temática, cinco temas emergiram: (1) Especializar versus Ampliar: fatores que limitam e contribuem para o desenvolvimento físico-motor na iniciação esportiva da GR; (2) O posicionamento corporal é “regra” na GR; (3) Dificuldades corporais: treinar para aprender ou treinar para competir?; (4) De elemento acessório a elemento essencial: a valorização dos aparelhos da GR; (5) Dentro das regras e fora dos treinos: O componente artístico na GR. Sugerimos que o conteúdo preze pelas características, saúde, formação em longo prazo e desenvolvimento integral das ginastas. Por tratar-se de crianças, os resultados não seriam prioritários nessa fase e o conteúdo deveria apoiar-se na visão de futuro da modalidade.

Resumo Fundamento Estudos sobre mortalidade por Insuficiência Cardíaca (IC) no Brasil e Regiões Geográficas (RG) são escassos. Objetivo Analisar a evolução temporal das taxas de mortalidade por IC por sexo e faixa etária no Brasil, RG e Unidades da Federação (UF), de 1980 a 2018, e associações com o Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano Municipal (IDHM). Métodos Estudo de séries temporais dos óbitos por IC, por sexo e faixas etárias, no Brasil, RG e UF, de 1980 a 2018. Os óbitos e a população foram retirados do DATASUS para estimar taxas de mortalidade por 100.000 habitantes, brutas e padronizadas (método direto, população brasileira do ano 2000). Foram calculadas médias móveis de três anos das taxas padronizadas. Os IDHM das UF de 1991 e 2010 foram obtidos do Atlas Brasil. Empregou-se o coeficiente de correlação de Pearson, com 5% de significância. Resultados A mortalidade por IC diminuiu no Brasil a partir de 2008, atingindo ao final de 2018 patamar semelhante nas RG e UF, sendo maior nos homens durante quase todos os períodos e faixas etárias, exceto naqueles acima de 60 anos, a partir de 1995, na região Sul. Observou-se relação inversa entre o IDHM e a redução das taxas de mortalidade (0,73). Conclusão Houve redução das taxas de mortalidade por IC no Brasil progressivamente de 2008 até 2018, com patamares semelhantes em 2018 nas RG e UF, com maiores taxas no sexo masculino. Essas reduções parecem relacionadas com o IDHM em 2010, mais do que o aumento percentual ao longo do tempo.

Abstract Background Studies on mortality from heart failure (HF) in Brazil and in the country’s Geographic Regions (GRs) are scarce. Objective To analyze the temporal progression of HF mortality rates by sex and age group in Brazil and its GRs and Federative Units (FUs) from 1980 to 2018, and the associations between mortality rates at each FU and the Municipal Human Development Index (MHDI). Methods Time series analysis of deaths due to HF categorized by sex and age groups in Brazil and Brazilian GRs and FUs from 1980 to 2018. Death and population data were obtained from the DATASUS for estimation of crude and standardized mortality rates per 100,000 inhabitants (direct method, Brazilian population in the year 2000). We calculated the 3-year moving averages of the standardized rates. The MHDIs of the FUs in 1991 and 2010 were obtained from Atlas Brasil and were correlated with mortality rates using Pearson’s correlation at a 5% significance level. Results Mortality due to HF decreased in Brazil after 2008, reaching a similar level at the end of 2018 in the GRs and FUs, and was higher in men during almost all periods and age groups, except for those over the age of 60 years after 1995 in the South region. There was an inverse relationship between MHDI and reduction in mortality rates (0.73). Conclusion There was a progressive reduction in mortality rates due to HF in Brazil from 2008 to 2018, with similar levels in 2018 in the GRs and FUs and higher rates in men. These reductions appear to be related more to the 2010 MHDI than the percentage increase over time.

Resumo Introdução A lesão cervical não cariosa (LCNC) é uma doença bucal incidente na atualidade. Objetivo realizar um estudo observacional e descritivo para avaliar fatores de risco associados às lesões cervicais não cariosas, hipersensibilidade dentinária cervical (HDC), recessão gengival (RG) e a relação entre essas condições em estudantes nos últimos anos de graduação em odontologia. Material e método participaram 185 estudantes de odontologia do Ceará com média de 22,7 ± 2,3 anos de idade. Preencheram um formulário do google docs e dois examinadores calibrados realizaram os exames para verificar a presença de LCNC, HDC e RG. Resultado A presença de LCNC foi de 22,7%, a de RG foi de 48,1% e de hipersensibilidade dentinária cervical de 8,6%. O teste qui-quadrado com p < 0,05%, verificou correlação entre a presença de LCNC e a presença de recessão gengival e hipersensibilidade dentinária. Nos alunos do último ano, 25% apresentaram LCNC, dos quais 14% consideravam-se estressados. Não houve associação entre as variáveis bruxismo e estresse (p=0,529), bruxismo e ano do curso da graduação (p=0,716), bem como não foi observada associação de estresse e ano do curso (p = 0,397). Não houve correlação da LCNC e bruxismo, sintomatologia muscular, hábitos parafuncionais e disfunção temporo-mandibular (DTM). Dos alunos que relataram utilizar drogas lícitas e ilícitas, 10,8% apresentaram LCNC. Conclusão A LCNC, RG e HD apresentaram correlação no grupo de estudantes dos dois últimos anos de um curso de graduação em odontologia do Ceará.

Abstract Introduction The non-carious cervical lesion (NCCL) is currently a common oral disease. Objective This observational and descriptive study aimed to assess risk factors associated with non-carious cervical lesions, cervical dentin hypersensitivity (CDH), gingival recession (GR) and the relationship between these conditions in students in the last years of undergraduate dentistry. Material and method One hundred eighty-five dentistry students from a private college in Ceará with an average of 22.7 ± 2.3 years participated by filling out a google docs form. Two calibrated examiners performed the exams to verify the presence of NCCL, CDH and RG. Result The presence of NCCL was 22.7%, GR was 48.1% and cervical dentin hypersensitivity 8.6%. The chi-square test with p < 0.05% verified a correlation between the presence of NCCL and the presence of GR and CDH. 25% of students had NCCL and 14% considered themselves stressed. There was no association between the variables bruxism and stress (p=0.529), bruxism and year of graduation course (p=0.716), as well as no association between stress and year of course (p = 0.397) was observed. There were no correlations between NCCL and bruxism, muscle symptoms, parafunctional habits and temporomandibular dysfunction. 10.8% of students who reported using legal and illegal drugs had NCCL. Conclusion The NCCL, GR and CDH were correlated in the group of students in the last two years of an undergraduate dentistry course in Ceará.

ABSTRACT Three experiments were conducted to estimate the optimal digestible threonine to lysine ratios (Thr:Lys) of meat-type quails during the pre-starter (1 to 7 days), starter (8 to 14 days) and grower I (15 to 21 days) phases. In each experiment, 600 birds were distributed according to a completely randomized experimental design into five treatments, consisting of five dietary Thr:Lys ratios (0.66, 0.71, 0.76, 0.81 and 0.86%), with eight replicates of 15 quails each. Performance parameters and intestinal morphology were evaluated. During the pre-starter phase, feed intake, threonine intake, weight gain, and ileal villus height linearly increased (p<0.01) as dietary digestible Thr:Lys increased. During the starter phase, increasing digestible Thr:Lys ratios had a linear effect (p<0.01) on threonine intake and livability, and linear and quadratic effects (p<0.01) on feed intake. During the grower I phase, increasing digestible Thr:Lys ratios promoted linear increase in threonine intake and feed conversion ratio (p<0.05), and a linear decrease in weight gain. The estimated digestible Thr:Lys ratios recommended for meat-type quails are 0.85, 0.73 and 0.66%, for the pre-starter, starter and grower I phases, respectively.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of supra-nutritional level of selected B vitamins in different types of diet on broiler performance. Two experiments were conducted using male and female one-day-old chicks (n=288 each; initial body weights in experiment I and II was, respectively, 47.57 ± 0.43, and 47.98 ± 0.31) reared in batteries up to 18 days. In experiment I, the chicks were fed a corn and soybean meal-based diet and, in experiment II, a diet containing oxidized animal by-product meals and soybean oil was used. Both experiments followed a completely randomized design in a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement, consisting of the factors: i) supplementation levels of selected B vitamins (control, 3- or 6-times control of the vitamins riboflavin, pantothenic acid, niacin, folic acid and vitamin B12); ii) dietary nutritional density (low or high), totaling 6 treatments and 8 replicates of 6 birds each (3 males and 3 females). As result of this study, in Exp. I, chicks showed higher weight gain (741.1 g vs. 697.3 g) and feed intake (920.2 vs. 878.5 g) when fed low-nutritional density diet with supra-nutritional vitamin level 6-times higher than the control. However, this effect was not found in the performance of chickens fed high-nutritional density diet. Despite the poor quality of the ingredients used in Exp. II, no statistical effect was shown of the use of vitamin super-dose in rations with different dietary nutrient density. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) was significantly improved for chickens fed high-nutritional density diet (1.191 vs. 1.246 in experiment I, 1.244 vs. 1.275 in experiment II, p<0.01). We conclude that birds fed a vegetable diet formulated with low-dietary density improved body weight (BW) and feed intake (FI) when receiving supra-nutritional levels of vitamins 6-times higher than the control.

ABSTRAT Arthritis implies inflammation of the intra-articular structures and is one of the causes of condemnation in broilers. The disease is associated with infectious agents such as Staphylococcus aureus, which may pose a potential public health risk. This work was conducted with the objective to determine the occurrence of arthritis in broiler chickens, predominantly of bacterial staphylococcal origin and if there is a difference between the degrees of injury regarding the presence of the bacterium and the histological lesion. Sixty samples of chickens diagnosed with arthritis by Federal Inspection Service from commercial slaughterhouse were collected according to their severity (of mild and severe degree) and submitted to bacteriological and histopathological analysis. There was bacterial growth of Staphylococcus aureus in 3.3% of the samples classified as mild degree in 10% of the samples classified as severe grade of lesion (p=0,29). For histopathological evaluation, 16.67% and 70% of the samples presented inflammatory infiltrate in mild and severe degrees, respectively (p=0,0001). Mild degree arthritis is related to non-infectious lesions in their higher prevalence while severe-grade arthritis has infectious causes. The condemnation criteria were efficient since S. aureus could be present regardless of the degree of the lesion diagnosed in arthritis.

RESUMO Objetivo: comparar a frequência das disfluências e a taxa de elocução da fala espontânea e leitura em adultos com e sem gagueira em situações de Retroalimentação Auditiva Habitual (RAH) e Atrasada (RAA). Métodos: participaram 30 adultos: 15 com gagueira (Grupo Pesquisa) e 15 sem gagueira (Grupo Controle). Os procedimentos foram: avaliação audiológica e da fluência nas condições de escuta habitual e atrasada (100 milissegundos de atraso - software FonoTools). Resultados: a RAA provocou uma melhora significante na fluência da fala espontânea no GP quando comparado à fala com RAH. O efeito da RAA foi diverso no GC, porque aumentou as disfluências comuns e a descontinuidade da fala na fala espontânea e leitura, além de apresentar aumento da frequência das disfluências gagas na leitura. A análise intergrupos mostrou diferenças significantes nas duas tarefas de fala, nas duas condições de escuta na frequência de disfluências gagas e na descontinuidade da fala, e nos fluxos de sílabas e de palavras por minuto na RAH. Conclusão: os resultados mostraram que a retroalimentação auditiva atrasada promoveu fluência da fala espontânea dos adultos com gagueira, sem interferir na taxa de elocução. Nos adultos sem gagueira ocorreu aumento das disfluências comuns e da descontinuidade da fala, bem como redução da taxa de elocução na fala espontânea e leitura.

ABSTRACT Purpose: to compare the frequency of disfluencies and speech rate in spontaneous speech and reading in adults with and without stuttering in non-altered and delayed auditory feedback (NAF, DAF). Methods: participants were 30 adults: 15 with Stuttering (Research Group - RG), and 15 without stuttering (Control Group - CG). The procedures were: audiological assessment and speech fluency evaluation in two listening conditions, normal and delayed auditory feedback (100 milliseconds delayed by Fono Tools software). Results: the DAF caused a significant improvement in the fluency of spontaneous speech in RG when compared to speech under NAF. The effect of DAF was different in CG, because it increased the common disfluencies and the total of disfluencies in spontaneous speech and reading, besides showing an increase in the frequency of stuttering-like disfluencies in reading. The intergroup analysis showed significant differences in the two speech tasks for the two listening conditions in the frequency of stuttering-like disfluencies and in the total of disfluencies, and in the flows of syllable and word-per-minute in the NAF. Conclusion: the results demonstrated that delayed auditory feedback promoted fluency in spontaneous speech of adults who stutter, without interfering in the speech rate. In non-stuttering adults an increase occurred in the number of common disfluencies and total of disfluencies as well as reduction of speech rate in spontaneous speech and reading.

ABSTRACT The poultry market has changed due to a higher consumer interest on products with differentiated organoleptic characteristics, making of free-range broiler production a promising activity. This experiment was conducted to determine the digestible lysine requirements of Redbro Cou Nu male and female chickens during the starter phase (one to 21 days of age). Six hundred and thirty Redbro Cou Nu broilers were distributed into 30 pens (21 chickens/pen) according to a randomized complete design in a 5 x 2 factorial arrangement, consisting of five levels of digestible lysine and two sexes, with three replicates (pens) per treatments. Diets with increasing digestible lysine levels (8.1, 9.5, 10.9, 12.3 and 13.7 g of digestible lysine per kg of diet) were offered ad libitum. The following performance traits were evaluated at the end of the experiment (d 21): feed intake, lysine intake, body weight gain, and feed conversion ratio. No interaction between dietary lysine level and sex was observed for the evaluated traits. The effect of sex was only detected on body weight gain, while effects of dietary lysine level were only detected on the feed intake. Males presented higher body weight gain than females. Lysine intake and body weight gain increased, and feed conversion ratio decreased as the level of dietary lysine increased. The best feed conversion ratio was obtained when birds were fed 12.95 g of digestible lysine per kg of diet.

Foram propostos dois cenários futuros para a Amazônia Ocidental, utilizando-se a saída do Modelo de circulação regional HadRM3 para radiação solar global (Rg), para o Estado do Acre. Os cenários A2 (pessimista) e B2 (otimista) são baseados no relatório do IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change). Foram definidas duas estações distintas para ambos os cenários: a estação seca, de abril a setembro, e a estação chuvosa, de outubro a março. O período de 1961 a 1990, "baselines", e para os cenários A2 e B2, a simulação ocorreu entre 2070 e 2100. A conversão da grade pontual do modelo HadRM3 foi baseada no método de Krigagem Ordinária. Os menores valores de R g abrangem a parte oeste do Estado do Acre, na estação seca, em ambos os cenários. Os valores intermediários de R g são na direção norte-sul, seguidos dos maiores valores de R g, que são na porção leste do Estado; houve um aumento significativo de Rg na estação chuvosa no período de 2080 a 2090, em ambos os cenários adotados no estudo. Com base na estatística descritiva e exploratória dos cenários otimista, pessimista e "baseline" mostrou-se que a forçante radiativa (positivo) tende a aquecer a superfície continental e, ao contrário, situação negativa tende a esfriar, sendo identificado tal quadro na formação do gradiente entre as direções leste-oeste do Estado do Acre, para ambas as estações no período de estudo.

Two future climate scenarios have been proposed for the the Western Amazon region - state of Acre, Brazil - using the HadRM3 regional climate model for global solar radiation (Rg). The two climate scenarios, A2 (pessimistic) and B2 (optimistic), are based on findings of the IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) report. Two distinct seasons were defined for both climate scenarios (dry and rainy): the dry season (from April to September) and the rainy season (from October to March). We chose the time period between 1961 and 1990 as baseline and carried out future simulation from 2070 to 2100 for the A2 and B2 settings. The grid point conversion of the HadRM3 model was based on the Ordinary Kriging method. The smallest values of Rg are found for the western part of Acre state during the dry season in both scenarios. Intermediate values of Rg are observed for the north to south direction, followed by the highest values of Rg for the east side of the state, with significant increase of Rg during the rainy season between 2080 and 2090 for both settings adopted in this study. Based on descriptive and exploratory statistics for the optimistic, pessimistic, and baseline settings, we conclude that the positive radiative forcing tends to warm the land surface, while the negative radiative forcing tends to cool it. This was observed in the formation of the gradient in the east to west direction of the state of Acre in both seasons during the study period.

Este trabalho teve o objetivo de avaliar, em búfalas Murrah, a interferência da manipulação diária dos animais para exame ginecológico em parâmetros reprodutivos e produtivos. Vinte e quatro búfalas, paridas no outono, ordenhadas uma vez ao dia, mantidas a pasto foram distribuídas nos grupos: Pesquisa (GP; n=13); e Controle (GC; n=11). As fêmeas do GP, após a ordenha, foram diariamente, desde o 7º dia pós-parto até o primeiro estro e cobertura, conduzidas até o curral e submetidas a exame ginecológico e coleta de sangue. Os animais do GC, após a ordenha, foram liberados diretamente para o pasto sem nenhuma manipulação. O GP apresentou intervalo parto-primeiro estro menor (40,4±9,0 dias) que o GC (59,2±24,4 dias; P<0,05). Não foi observada diferença no intervalo parto-concepção e na taxa de prenhez ao final da estação reprodutiva (61,2±21,3 dias e 86,0% GP; 71,2±30,4 dias e 91,0% GC, respectivamente; P>0,05), bem como na produção de leite. O número de coberturas por concepção foi maior no GP (2,1±0,9) do que no GC (1,5±0,5; P<0,05). Conclui-se que a manipulação diária dos animais para pesquisa empregada neste experimento afeta alguns parâmetros reprodutivos, comprometendo o número de coberturas por concepção, mas não interfere no intervalo parto-concepção, na taxa de prenhez ao final da estação e na produção leiteira, considerando-se o sistema de manejo e os índices de produção do experimento.

This study aimed to evaluate the interference of daily gynecological exam on reproductive and productive parameters in Murrah buffaloes. Twenty-four buffaloes, which have calved in the autumn season, were milked once a day and kept on pasture, were divided into two groups: Research (RG; n=13) and Control (CG; n=11). The animals in RG were daily taken to the corral and submitted to gynecological examination and blood collection immediately after milking, from the 7th day postpartum until the first estrus and breeding day. Animals in CG were released directly to pasture after milking without any manipulation. The RG had smaller calving-first estrus interval (40.4±9.0 days) than CG (59.2±24.4 days; P<0.05). There was no difference in calving-conception interval and pregnancy rate at the end of the reproductive season (61.2±21.3 days and 86.0% RG; 71.2±30.4 days and 91.0% CG, respectively; P>0.05), as well as in milk production. The number of mating per conception was higher in RG (2.1±0.9) than in CG (1.5±0.5; P<0.05). We concluded that the daily management of animals used for research in this experiment affects some reproductive parameters, such as the number of mating per conception, but it does not affect calving-conception interval nor the pregnancy rate at the end of the season, as well as milk production, considering the management system and the production indices of the experiment.

INTRODUÇÃO: O futebol é caracterizado como uma modalidade com intensidades elevadas, realizado de forma intermitente e com sequências aleatórias de fases de esforço e recuperação, dessa forma estratégias que possam de alguma forma minimizar a fadiga muscular, pode fornecer uma importante vantagem competitiva. OBJETIVO: O presente estudo teve como objetivo comparar diferentes tipos de métodos de recuperação sobre remoção de lactato (La-) sanguíneo e desempenho anaeróbio de futebolistas. MÉTODOS: A amostra foi composta por 23 atletas de futebol entre 16 e 17 anos do sexo masculino, divididos em três grupos: recuperação ativa (RA), passiva (RP) e com gelo (RG). Para a avaliação da capacidade aeróbia foi utilizada a velocidade crítica e para a indução da hiperlactacidemia e desempenho anaeróbio foi utilizando o teste de RAST, aplicado antes (T1) e após (T2) os intervalos de recuperação. As dosagens de La- sanguíneo ocorreram nos minutos dois, quatro, seis, oito e 10 durante a recuperação. A análise de variância ANOVA one-way foi utilizada para a comparação entre as variáveis de caracterização dos grupos. A ANOVA two-way foi realizada para a comparação entre os valores pico e mínimo de La- sanguíneo e o desempenho anaeróbio no T1 e T2 para as três condições de recuperação. RESULTADOS: Não foi verificada diferença significante entre T1 e T2 para a potência máxima e média em nenhum dos grupos estudados (p > 0,05). Foi verificada maior remoção do La- sanguíneo para a RA (47,62%), quando comparada a RG (16,9%; p = 0,001) e a RP (18,20%; p = 0,02). CONCLUSÃO: Pode-se concluir que a RA, RP e RG são eficazes para manutenção do desempenho anaeróbio de jogadores de futebol sub-17. A recuperação ativa se demonstrou mais eficiente para a remoção do La- sanguíneo quando comparada a RP e RG.

INTRODUCTION: Soccer is characterized as a sport of high intensity, performed intermittently and with random sequences of periods of effort and recovery; thus, strategies that can somehow minimize muscle fatigue can provide an important competitive advantage. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to compare different methods of recovery with the removal of blood lactate (La-) and anaerobic performance of soccer players. METHODS: Twenty-three male soccer players between 16 and 17 years were divided into three groups: active recovery (RA), passive recovery (RP) and ice recovery (RG). To assess the aerobic capacity the critical speed was used, and for the induction of hyperlactacidemia and anaerobic performance the RAST test was applied before (T1) and after (T2) the recovery intervals. The measurements of blood La- were made at 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 minutes during the recovery period. The one-way ANOVA was used to compare the variables that characterize the groups. A two-way ANOVA was performed for comparison between the peak and minimum values of blood La- and anaerobic performance at T1 and T2 for the three recovery conditions. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between T1 and T2 for maximum and average power in the studied groups (p>0.05). It was observed greater removal of blood La- (47.62%) for the RA when compared to RG (16.9%; p = 0.001) and RP (18.20%; p = 0.02). CONCLUSION: RA, RP and RG are effective to maintain the anaerobic performance of soccer players under 17. Active recovery was shown more efficient for removing the blood La- when compared to RP and RG.

INTRODUCCIÓN: El fútbol se caracteriza como siendo una modalidad con altas intensidades, realizado de modo intermitente y con secuencias aleatorias de fases de esfuerzo y recuperación; de esta manera, las estrategias, que de alguna forma puedan minimizar la fatiga muscular, pueden dar una importante ventaja competitiva. OBJETIVO: Este estudio tuvo como objetivo comparar tipos diferentes de métodos de recuperación sobre la remoción de lactato (La-) sanguíneo y el desempeño anaeróbico de futbolistas. MÉTODOS: La muestra se compuso de 23 atletas de fútbol, entre 16 y 17 años, del sexo masculino, divididos en tres grupos: recuperación activa (RA), pasiva (RP) y con hielo (RH). Para la evaluación de la capacidad anaeróbica se utilizó la velocidad crítica, y para la inducción de la hiperlactacidemia y el desempeño anaeróbico se usó la prueba de RAST, aplicada antes (T1) y después (T2) de los intervalos de recuperación. Las dosificaciones de La- sanguíneo ocurrieron en los minutos dos, cuatro, seis, ocho y diez durante la recuperación. El análisis de variancia ANOVA one-way fue utilizado para la comparación entre las variables de caracterización de los grupos. La ANOVA two-way se hizo para la comparación entre los valores pico y mínimo de La- sanguíneo y el desempeño anaeróbico, en el T1 y T2, para las tres condiciones de recuperación. RESULTADOS: No se verificó diferencia significativa entre T1 y T2 para la potencia máxima y media en cualquiera de los grupos estudiados (p > 0,05). Fue verificada más remoción del La- sanguíneo para la RA (47,62%), al ser comparada a la RH (16,9%; p = 0,001) y la RP (18,20%; p = 0,02). CONCLUSIÓN: Se puede concluir que la RA, RP y RH son eficaces para el mantenimiento del desempeño anaeróbico de jugadores de fútbol sub-17. La recuperación activa se mostró más eficiente para la remoción del La- sanguíneo en comparación con la RP y la RH.