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Abstract Individuals with malignancies and COVID-19 have a lower survival compared with the general population. However, the information about the impact of COVID-19 on the whole hematological population is scarce. We aimed to describe the 30th day overall survival (OS) after COVID-19 infection in pa tients with a hematological disease in Argentina. A completely anonymous survey from the Argentine Society of Hematology was delivered to all the hematologists in Argentina; it started in April 2020. A cut-off to analyze the data was performed in December 2020 and, finally, 419 patients were reported and suitable for the analysis (average age: 58 years, 90% with malignant diseases). After the COVID-19 diagnosis, the 30-day OS for the whole population was 80.2%. From the entire group (419), 101 (24.1%) individuals required intensive care unit admission, where the 30-day OS was 46.6%. Among allogeneic stem cell transplant recipients, the 30-day OS was 70.3%. Factors associated with a low OS were two or more comorbidities, an active hematological disease and history of chemotherapy. In individuals with the three factors, the 30-day OS was 49.6% while the 30-day OS in those without those factors was 100%. Patients with hematological diseases have a higher mortality than the general population. This group represents a challenge and requires careful decision-making of the treatment in order not to compromise the chances of cure.

Resumen El presente estudio tuvo por objetivo primario conocer la mortalidad de pacientes con enfermedad hematológica que presentaron infección por COVID-19 en Argentina. Para ello se difundió una encuesta desde la Sociedad Argentina de Hematología (SAH) entre los hematológos para informar sobre los pacientes con enfermedades hematológicas y diagnóstico de infección por SARS- CoV-2, entre el 19/4/2020, y el 7/12/2020. Se incluyeron individuos de todas las edades con diagnóstico de enfermedad hematológica benigna o maligna e infección por SARS-CoV-2 confirmada por técnica de RT-PCR. Se analizaron 419 pacientes (mediana 58 años; 90% enfermedades malignas). La supervivencia al día 30 fue de 80.2%. La supervivencia fue menor en aquellos que requirieron internación (74.2%), cuidados intensivos (46.6%) y asistencia respiratoria mecánica (36.8%). Entre los trasplantados alogénicos la supervivencia fue 70.3%. Los factores vinculados a la supervivencia global fueron las comorbilidades, el estado de la enfermedad al momento de la infección y el antecedente de quimioterapia. Se pudo establecer un score en el que aquellos que tuvieron un puntaje de 4 alcanzaron una supervivencia del 49.6% al día 30, mientras que la de los pacientes con score 0 fue del 100% a 30 días. En comparación con la población general, los pacientes con enfermedades hematológicas presentan una mayor mortalidad vinculada al COVID-19, motivo por el cual es primordial definir pautas destinadas a disminuir la exposición de los mismos sin comprometer las posibilidades de beneficiarse del tratamiento de la enfermedad de base.

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Drying kinetics of ‘gueroba’ (Syagrus oleracea) fruit pulp
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Jorge, Ana P. P.

; Ferreira Junior, Weder N.

; Silva, Lígia C. de M.

; Oliveira, Daniel E. C. de

; Resende, Osvaldo

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental

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jan 2021, Volume 25 N. 1 Pages 23 - 29

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO O fruto de gueroba pode ser utilizado na produção de farinhas com potencial para o desenvolvimento de novos produtos oriundos da sociobiodiversidade do Cerrado. Objetivou-se estimar a cinética de secagem, bem como determinar o coeficiente de difusão efetivo e a energia de ativação para a polpa dos frutos de gueroba submetida a diferentes temperaturas de secagem. Os frutos de gueroba foram despolpados manualmente, retirando o mesocarpo com o epicarpo, sendo esse material identificado como a polpa. O material foi submetido à secagem em estufa nas temperaturas de 40, 50, 60 e 70 °C. Aos dados experimentais foram ajustados modelos de regressão não linear. O modelo mais adequado foi selecionado com base no coeficiente de determinação, erro médio relativo e estimado, teste de Qui-quadrado, AIC e BIC. Com o aumento da temperatura de secagem, menor é o tempo do processamento para se atingir o mesmo teor de água, devido ao aumento da difusividade da água no interior do produto. O modelo de Midilli apresentou o melhor ajuste aos dados experimentais obtidos. Os coeficientes de difusão efetivos da polpa dos frutos de gueroba apresentaram magnitudes entre 3,11 x 10-9 a 5,84 x 10-9 m2 s-1 para as temperaturas de 40 a 70 °C. A energia de ativação do processo foi de 18,34 kJ mol-1.

ABSTRACT The ‘Gueroba’ fruit can be used to produce flours with potential for the development of new products from the ‘Cerrado’ socio-biodiversity. The objective was to estimate the drying kinetics and determine the effective diffusion coefficient and activation energy for the pulp of ‘gueroba’ fruits subjected to different drying temperatures. ‘Gueroba’ fruits were manually pulped, removing the mesocarp with the epicarp, and this material was identified as the pulp. The material was subjected to oven drying at temperatures of 40, 50, 60 and 70 °C. Nonlinear regression models were fitted to the experimental data. The most adequate model was selected through the coefficient of determination, mean relative and estimated errors, Chi-square test, AIC and BIC. As the drying temperature increases, the processing time to achieve the same moisture content decreases, due to the increase in water diffusivity inside the product. The Midilli model showed the best fit to the experimental data obtained. The effective diffusion coefficients of the pulp of ‘gueroba’ fruits showed magnitudes between 3.11 x 10-9 to 5.84 x 10-9 m2 s-1 for temperatures from 40 to 70 °C. The activation energy of the process was 18.34 kJ mol-1.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v25n1p23-29 626 downloads

Risk factor analysis associated with Neospora caninum in dairy cattle in Western Brazilian Amazon
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Venturoso, Poliana de Jesus Souza

; Venturoso, Osvaldo Juliatti

; Silva, Gisele Glomba

; Maia, Maerle Oliveira

; Witter, Rute

; Aguiar, Daniel Moura

; Pacheco, Richard de Campos

; Ferreira, Elvino

; Costa, Alvimar José da

; Santos-Doni, Thais Rabelo dos

Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária

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2021, Volume 30 N. 1 elocation e023020

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo A infecção por Neospora caninum é considerada uma das principais causas de aborto entre bovinos. Esta pesquisa foi realizada no município de Rolim de Moura, estado de Rondônia, Brasil. Um questionário que investiga os aspectos epidemiológicos da neosporose foi utilizado na análise dos fatores de risco associados à prevalência em animais e em rebanhos. Um total de 416 amostras de sangue bovino foi colhido em 30 fazendas, e os níveis de anticorpos de N. caninum foram mensurados pela reação de Imunofluorescência Indireta (RIFI). A análise das amostras mostrou prevalência de anticorpos contra N. caninum de 47,36% (n = 197). Os fatores de risco associados à infecção por N. caninum foram o sistema de manejo e os locais de acesso dos cães. Os resultados da presente pesquisa indicam que a infecção de bovinos leiteiros com N. caninum está disseminada na região estudada da Amazônia Ocidental, o que tem implicações para a prevenção e controle da neosporose nessa região. Portanto, estratégias e medidas de controle integrado são recomendadas para prevenir e controlar a infecção por N. caninum em gado leiteiro. Além disso, o contato íntimo entre gado leiteiro, cães e animais selvagens, pode influenciar a epidemiologia da neosporose e deve ser investigada mais detalhadamente.

Abstract Neospora caninum is considered to be one of the main causes of abortion among cattle. The present survey was conducted in the municipality of Rolim de Moura, Rondônia State, Brazil. A questionnaire that investigates the epidemiological aspects of neosporosis was used in the analysis of risk factors associated with the animal-level and herd-level prevalence in dairy cattle. A total of 416 bovine blood samples were collected from 30 farms, and N. caninum antibody levels were measured by Indirect Fluorescent Antibody Test (IFAT). Analysis of dairy cattle serum samples revealed the presence of anti-N. caninum antibodies to be 47.36% (n = 197). Risk factors associated with N. caninum infection were the management system and access locations of dogs. The results of the present survey indicated that infection of dairy cattle with N. caninum is widespread in the studied region of Western Amazon, which has implications for prevention and control of neosporosis in this region. Therefore, integrated control strategies and measures are recommended to prevent and control N. caninum infection in dairy cattle. In addition, direct contact between dairy cattle, dogs and wild animals, which can influence the epidemiology of neosporosis, should be investigated further.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1984-296120201088 505 downloads

PROCESSAMENTO E APLICAÇÃO DE BIOMATERIAIS POLIMÉRICOS: AVANÇOS RECENTES E PERSPECTIVAS
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Bernardo, Marcela Piassi

; Paschoalin, Rafaella Takehara

; Santos, Danilo Martins dos

; Bilatto, Stanley

; Farinas, Cristiane Sanchez

; Correa, Daniel Souza

; Oliveira Jr., Osvaldo N.

; Mattoso, Luiz Henrique Capparelli

Química Nova

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2021, Volume 44 N. 10 Pages 1311 - 1327

Abstract: Pt | Text: Pt | PDF: Pt

Biomaterials have been intensively investigated due to the increase in the elderly population and high prevalence of several disorders, such as cardiovascular and orthopedic diseases. Polymeric and composite polymeric materials in combination with different processing techniques, such as electrospinning, solution blow spinning, ultrathin film preparation, and 3D printing are promising for obtaining biomaterials with patient-specific applications. Here, we provide a review on recent advances and perspectives for synthetic and natural polymers as well as composites in the design of biomaterials. After introducing basic information about biomaterials, we describe the fundamentals of manufacturing techniques and highlight possible biomedical applications.

https://doi.org/10.21577/0100-4042.20170781

Lipid-matrix effects on tyrosinase immobilization in Langmuir and Langmuir-Blodgett films
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PEREIRA, MATHEUS S.

; MAXIMINO, MATEUS D.

; MARTIN, CIBELY S.

; AOKI, PEDRO H.B.

; OLIVEIRA JR, OSVALDO N.

; ALESSIO, PRISCILA

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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2021, Volume 93 N. 1 elocation e20200019

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract The immobilization of the enzyme tyrosinase (Tyr) in lipid matrices can be explored to produce biosensors for detecting polyphenols, which is relevant for the food industry. Herein, we shall demonstrate the importance of the lipid composition to immobilize the enzyme tyrosinase in Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films. Tyr could be incorporated into Langmuir monolayers of arachidic acid (AA), 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) and 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1’-rac-glycerol) (sodium salt) (DPPG), having as the main effect an expansion in the monolayers. Results from polarization-modulated infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy (PM-IRRAS) pointed to electrostatic interactions between the charged residues of Try and the lipid headgroups, in addition to changes in the order of lipid chains. The interaction between Tyr and DPPC in Langmuir monolayers can be correlated with the superior performance of DPPC/Tyr LB films used as biosensors to detect catechol by cyclic voltammetry. The molecular-level interactions assessed via PM-IRRAS are therefore believed to drive an immobilization process for Tyr in the lipid LB matrix and may serve as a general criterion to identify matrices that preserve enzyme activity.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202120200019 402 downloads

Heterostructured Langmuir-Blodgett Films of Ruthenium Bipyridine with 1,3,4-Naphthooxadiazole-Derived Amphiphile Complex as a Charge Storage Electrode
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Winnischofer, Herbert

; Cesca, Elizangela C.

; Mendoza, Alejandro E. P.

; Araújo, Iolanda P.

; Westphal, Eduard

; Mezalira, Daniela Z.

; Balogh, Débora T.

; Oliveira Jr., Osvaldo N.

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

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nov 2020, Volume 31 N. 11 Pages 2371 - 2384

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

The molecular control in Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films may be exploited in charge storage electrodes provided a suitable choice of molecular architecture and components is made. In this paper, we employed a naphtyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole amphiphile (NFT1) and its complex [Ru(bpy)2NFT1]PF6 (RuNFT1) (bpy = 2,2’-bipyridine) in heterostructured LB films in a proof-of-principle production of charge storage. The optimized architecture contained a one-layer RuNFT1 deposited on a 9-layer NFT1 LB film, where the efficient packing of NFT1 inferred from spectroscopic measurements and Brewster angle microscopy (BAM) images was considered as relevant for ion diffusion. This packing was achieved owing to the π-stacking warranted by the planarity of the NFT1 naphtyl 1,3,4-oxadiazole ring, as confirmed with density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The top layer of the redox-active RuNFT1 provided an additional contribution with its Faradaic charge storage to the double layer capacitance of NFT1. Taken together, these results demonstrate that synergy may be achieved in combining distinct compounds in LB films toward efficient charge storage.

https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20200137 289 downloads

Desorption isotherms and isosteric heat of araticum (Annona crassiflora Mart.) seeds
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Ferreira Junior, Weder N.

; Resende, Osvaldo

; Sousa, Kelly A. de

; Gavazza, Melícia I. A.

; Sales, Juliana de F.

; Oliveira, Daniel E. C. de

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental

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sep 2020, Volume 24 N. 9 Pages 630 - 636

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO Objetivou-se, com este estudo, determinar as isotermas de dessorção e o calor isostérico das sementes de Annona crassiflora Mart., utilizando os critérios de informação de Akaike (AIC) e informação bayesiano de Schwarz (BIC) para auxiliar na escolha do modelo de regressão não linear. As isotermas de dessorção foram determinadas pelo método estático indireto e a atividade de água foi obtida por meio do equipamento HygroPalm; o produto foi acondicionado no equipamento em B.O.D. regulada a 10, 20, 30 e 40 °C. Os dados experimentais foram ajustados a diversos modelos de regressão não linear, pelo método Gauss-Newton. As isotermas de dessorção de sementes de Annona crassiflora Mart. podem ser representadas pelos modelos de Chung-Pfost, Copace, GAB Modificado, Henderson Modificado, Oswin Modificado, Sabbah e Sigma Copace. Contudo, o modelo Sigma Copace apresentou melhor ajuste aos dados experimentais, com memores valores de AIC e BIC, sendo escolhido para representar as isotermas de dessorção das sementes de Annona crassiflora Mart. O calor isostérico aumentou com a diminuição do teor de água, sendo necessária maior quantidade de energia para retirar a água das sementes, com valores variando de 2541,64 a 2481,56 kJ kg-1, para a faixa do teor de água de 5,69 a 14,93% base seca.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to determine the desorption isotherms and isosteric heat of Annona crassiflora Mart. seeds, using Akaike information criterion (AIC) and Schwarz’s Bayesian information criterion (BIC) to assist in the choice of the nonlinear regression model. The desorption isotherms were determined by indirect static method and water activity was obtained using the instrument HygroPalm; the product was put in the device in B.O.D. chamber set at 10, 20, 30 and 40 °C. Several nonlinear regression models were fitted to the experimental data by the Gauss-Newton method. The desorption isotherms of Annona crassiflora Mart. seeds can be represented by the models of Chung-Pfost, Copace, Modified GAB, Modified Henderson, Modified Oswin, Sabbah and Sigma Copace. However, the Sigma Copace model showed better fit to the experimental data, with lower AIC and BIC values, being chosen to represent the desorption isotherms of Annona crassiflora Mart seeds. Isosteric heat increased with decreasing moisture content, requiring a greater amount of energy to remove water from seeds, with values ranging from 2541.64 to 2481.56 kJ kg-1, for the moisture content range from 5.69 to 14.93% on a dry basis.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v24n9p630-636 462 downloads

Drying kinetics of yellow mombin (Spondias mombin L.) epicarp
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Pinheiro, Gleyce K. I.

; Oliveira, Daniel E. C. de

; Ferreira Junior, Weder N.

; Resende, Osvaldo

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental

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feb 2020, Volume 24 N. 2 Pages 121 - 127

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO O fruto da cajazeira (Spondias mombin L.) apresenta características relevantes para industrialização e possuem aroma agradável e sabor ácido-adocicado, possui quantidades relevantes de vitamina A e carotenoides no epicarpo do cajá. Objetivou-se, ajustar diferentes modelos matemáticos aos dados experimentais, utilizando como critérios para selecionar o melhor modelo - o Critério de Informação de Akaike (AIC) e o Critério de Informação Bayesiano de Schwarz (BIC), bem como avaliar o coeficiente de difusão efetivo e determinar a energia de ativação para o epicarpo de cajá submetido a diferentes condições de secagem. O experimento foi desenvolvido no Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Goiano. O epicarpo dos frutos de cajá com teor de água inicial 2,89 (base seca, b.s.) foram submetidos à secagem em temperaturas de 40, 50, 60 e 70 °C até teor de água final de 0,11, 0,10, 0,09 e 0,08 (b.s.), respectivamente. O modelo de Midilli apresentou o melhor ajuste aos dados experimentais obtidos. A escolha do modelo foi confirmada pelos critérios de AIC e BIC. O aumento da temperatura de secagem promoveu aumento do coeficiente de difusão efetivo, e a energia de ativação do processo foi de 21,50 kJ mol-1.

ABSTRACT Yellow mombin (Spondias mombin L.) fruits have relevant characteristics for industrialization and exhibit a pleasant aroma and sour-sweet taste, with significant amounts of vitamin A and carotenoids in their epicarp. The objective was to fit different mathematical models to the experimental data, using as criteria to select the best model - the Akaike Information Criteria (AIC) and Schwarz’s Bayesian Information Criteria (BIC), as well as to evaluate the effective diffusion coefficient and to determine the activation energy for yellow mombin epicarp submitted to different drying conditions. The experiment was carried out at the Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Goiano, Brazil The epicarp of yellow mombin fruits with initial moisture content of 2.89 (dry basis, d.b.) were submitted to drying at temperatures of 40, 50, 60 and 70 °C until final moisture contents of 0.11, 0.10, 0.09 and 0.08 (d.b.), respectively. The Midilli model showed the best fit to the experimental data obtained. The choice of the model was confirmed by the AIC and BIC criteria. The increase of the drying temperature promoted increase in the effective diffusion coefficient, and the activation energy of the process was 21.50 kJ mol-1.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v24n2p121-127 840 downloads

Mechanical properties of saccharine sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) seeds
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Moreira Ribeiro, Larissa Katiê

; Taveira, José Henrique Da Silva

; Costa Silva, Patrícia

; Resende, Osvaldo

; Oliveira, Daniel Emanuel Cabral De

; Rodolfo Costa, Adriana

Idesia (Arica)

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dec 2019, Volume 37 N. 4 Pages 11 - 17

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

ABSTRACT Study of the mechanical characteristics of agricultural products is crucial to the development of equipment that can achieve the maximum efficiency without compromising the final product quality. Seeds crack and break when exposed to stresses that exceed their resistance to rupture. In this study, we aim to assess the mechanical properties of saccharine sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) seeds at different moisture contents. The seeds were harvested in the municipality of Santa Helena - GO, Brazil and indicated an initial moisture content of 0.307 (d.b.). For each moisture content obtained (0.307, 0.258, 0.212, 0.170, 0.130, and 0.093 d.b.), samples were homogenized and subsequently analyzed. Compressive tests were performed through uniaxial tests in a sample of 15 seeds for each moisture content. In these tests, the "TA Hdi Texture Analyzer" universal testing machine was used, with a 250-N compression load cell. Our results indicated that the compressive force required to deform saccharine sorghum seeds decreased with increasing moisture content, whereas values of proportional modulus of deformity increased with both reduced moisture content and deformation. In addition, the reduction in moisture content caused an increase in the force required to rupture the seeds.

RESUMEN El estudio de las características mecánicas de los productos agrícolas es importante para que los equipos puedan desarrollarse y lograr la máxima eficiencia sin comprometer la calidad final de los alimentos. Las grietas y roturas de las semillas se producen cuando están expuestas a tensiones que exceden la resistencia del material. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar algunas pro piedades mecánicas de las semillas de sorgo de sacarina (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) con diferentes contenidos de humedad. Las semillas se cosecharon en el municipio de Santa Helena - GO, Brasil, y presentaron un contenido de humedad inicial de 0.307 base seca (b.s.). Para cada contenido de humedad obtenido (0,307; 0,258; 0,212; 0,170; 0,130 y 0,093 b.s.), las muestras fueron homogeneizadas y luego analizadas. Las pruebas de compresión uniaxial se realizaron en una muestra de 15 semillas para cada contenido de humedad. Para esta determinación se utilizó la máquina de prueba universal Analizador de textura TA Hdi, con una celda de carga de compresión de 250 N. Nuestros resultados evidenciaron que la fuerza de compresión necesaria para deformar las semillas de sorgo disminuyó con el aumento del contenido de humedad, mientras que los valores del módulo de deformidad proporcional se incrementaron con la reducción tanto del contenido de humedad como de la deformación. Además, la reducción del contenido de humedad aumentó la fuerza requerida para romper las semillas.

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10.

LIQUID DIFFUSION DURING DRYING OF SORGHUM GRAINS UNDER DIFFERENT CONDITIONS
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Silva, Lígia C. de M.

; Resende, Osvaldo

; Oliveira, Daniel E. C. de

; Ferreira Junior, Weder N.

; Rodrigues, Gabrielly B.

Engenharia Agrícola

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dec 2019, Volume 39 N. 6 Pages 737 - 743

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Drying is the most widely used process to ensure the quality and stability of plant products. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effective water diffusivity and activation energy in grain sorghum during drying at different temperatures and initial moisture contents. Sorghum grains (cultivar DeKalb 640) were harvested with an initial moisture content of 0.49 kg water kg−1 dry matter. The effective diffusion coefficient was determined from different initial moisture contents of approximately 0.49, 0.40, 0.31, and 0.23 kg water kg−1 dry matter. Grains with different moisture contents were dried under four temperature conditions of 40, 60, 80, and 100 °C on perforated trays. The spherical geometry model was used for liquid diffusion. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design in a 4 × 4 factorial scheme (four moisture contents × four temperatures), with three replications. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and regression using the statistical software SISVAR®. Sorghum grain diffusivity increases at the same drying temperature as an increase of the initial moisture content of grains. The activation energy was higher for grains with higher initial moisture content, with values of 27.32, 26.75, 22.55, and 20.94 kJ mol−1, respectively.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-4430-eng.agric.v39n6p737-743/2019 579 downloads

11.

Size of samples and homogenizers during classification of damaged soybeans
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Quirino, José R.

; Resende, Osvaldo

; Fonseca, Natalia N.

; Oliveira, Daniel E. C. de

; Parizzi, Fatima C.

; Souza, Tiago A. de

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental

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may 2019, Volume 23 N. 5 Pages 378 - 382

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO A determinação da qualidade de grãos envolve etapas importantes como a retirada da amostra representativa do lote, homogeneização e diluição. A inter-relação entre a amostragem, homogeneização e o tamanho da amostra de trabalho é fundamental para a fidedignidade da informação gerada. Assim, objetivou-se analisar o desempenho de homogeneizadores mecânicos utilizados na comercialização de grãos no Brasil, em função do tamanho das massas de amostras de trabalho, durante a classificação de grãos de soja. As amostras foram homogeneizadas e diluídas nos equipamentos Boerner, quarteador multicanais 16:1 e quarteador multicanais 4:1 até se obter uma massa de amostras de trabalho com 0,025, 0,050, 0,075, 0,100 e 0,125 kg para determinação do nível de grãos avariados. Foi utilizado o delineamento fatorial 3 x 4 x 5, sendo três tratamentos correspondentes aos homogeneizadores, quatro diluições (4, 8, 12 e 16% de grãos avariados) e cinco massas de grãos para trabalho, com nove repetições. As médias foram testadas entre si pelo teste Tukey e comparadas com as médias originais das amostras preparadas (4, 8, 12 e 16%) pelo teste t de Student. As amostras de trabalho podem ser utilizadas com massas entre 0,025 e 0,125 kg para a classificação de grãos de soja avariados. Os homogeneizadores e diluidores do tipo Boerner, quarteador multicanais 16:1 e quarteador multicanais 4:1 são semelhantes na redução e homogeneização de amostras de grãos de soja para diferentes níveis de grãos avariados e tamanhos de amostras.

ABSTRACT Grain quality determination involves important stages such as collection of the representative sample, homogenization, and dilution. The interrelation among sampling, homogenization, and working sample size is essential to the reliability of the information generated. Therefore, this work aimed to analyse the performance of mechanical homogenizers used in the commercialization of grains in Brazil, as a function of the size of the working sample masses during grain classification. The samples were homogenized and diluted in Boerner, 16:1 multichannel splitter, and 4:1 multichannel splitter until reaching masses of 0.025, 0.050, 0.075, 0.100 and 0.125 kg to determine the level of damaged grains. A 3 x 4 x 5 factorial design was used, meaning three treatments relative to homogenizers (Boerner, 16:1 multichannel splitter, and 4:1 multichannel splitter), four dilutions (4, 8, 12 and 16% damaged grains), and five grain sample sizes (0.025, 0.050, 0.075, 0.100 and 0.125 kg) with nine repetitions. The means were compared by Tukey test and to the original means of prepared samples (4, 8, 12, and 16%) by Student’s t-test. Working samples can be utilized with masses between 0.025 and 0.125 kg to classify damaged soybeans grains. The devices Boerner, 16:1 multichannel splitter, and 4:1 multichannel splitter are similar in the reduction and homogenization of soybean samples for different levels of damaged grains and sample sizes.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v23n5p378-382 791 downloads

12.

Comparison of equipment for grain sampling
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Quirino, José R.

; Resende, Osvaldo

; Fonseca, Natalia N.

; Oliveira, Daniel E. C. de

; Rosa, Elivânio S.

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental

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mar 2019, Volume 23 N. 3 Pages 209 - 214

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO A amostragem de grãos requer a utilização de equipamentos adequados e precisos. Assim, objetivou-se comparar caladores (amostradores) de grãos, manual e mecânico, utilizados na amostragem de cargas de soja durante o recebimento em unidades armazenadoras. Os equipamentos utilizados foram os caladores manuais de 1,80 m e três estágios de abertura, 2,10 m e três estágios de abertura, 2,10 m e um estágio de abertura, amostrador mecânico (pneumático) e o calador tipo pelicano. Os parâmetros analisados foram as percentagens de impurezas, de grãos quebrados, percentagens de vagens, grãos imaturos e teor de água. A significância do efeito dos tratamentos foi determinada pelo Teste F, e as médias comparadas pelo teste Tukey (p < 0,05). Os equipamentos utilizados para amostragem de grãos de soja em veículos, durante o recebimento em unidades armazenadoras, influenciam na determinação do teor de grãos quebrados, vagens e grãos imaturos. Entretanto, não houve diferença para o tipo de equipamento estudado na determinação do teor de impureza, tendo o amostrador tipo pelicano coletado maiores percentuais de vagens e grãos imaturos nos veículos amostrados.

ABSTRACT Grain sampling requires the use of appropriate and accurate equipment. This study aimed to compare grain samplers, manual and mechanical, used in the sampling of soybean loads, during their reception by storage units. The used devices were the manual sampler with 1.80 m length and three opening stages, 2.10 m length and three opening stages; and 2.10 m length and one opening stage, besides the mechanical sampler (pneumatic) and the pelican sampler. The analyzed parameters were the contents of impurity, broken grains, pods, immature grains, and moisture. The significance of effect of treatment was determined by F Test and the means were compared by Tukey test (p < 0.05). The devices used for sampling of soybean grains in vehicles, during their reception by storage units, affect the determination of broken grains, pods and immature grains. However, there was no difference between the types of sampling equipment in the determination of impurity content, and the pelican sampler collected greater percentages of pods and immature grains from the sampled vehicles.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v23n3p209-214 664 downloads

13.

A proposed index to assess quality of waters from desalination plants
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Antas, Francisco P. de S.

; Freitas, Jair J. R. de

; Oliveira, André M. de

; Dias, Nildo da S.

; Lima, Alexandre de O.

; Sousa Neto, Osvaldo N. de

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental

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oct 2018, Volume 22 N. 10 Pages 667 - 672

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO A osmose reversa é uma tecnologia amplamente conhecida para purificar as águas dos poços salinos. Devido à geração do rejeito salino nas estações de dessalinização por osmose reversa, a avaliação da vulnerabilidade para definir as áreas críticas de monitoramento das águas do processo de dessalinização tem sido uma ferramenta importante para delinear as redes de monitoramento necessárias para a vigilância de possíveis locais de salinização. Objetivou-se neste estudo avaliar a qualidade das águas amostradas em estações de dessalinização na Mesorregião do Oeste Potiguar Brasileiro por meios de um índice de qualidade capaz de fornecer uma avaliação relativa da vulnerabilidade das águas ao potencial de salinização. O presente estudo propõe um índice de avaliação da qualidade das águas das estações de dessalinização utilizando inicialmente os parâmetros químicos condutividade elétrica, relação de adsorção de sódio, relação Mg2+/Ca2+ e os íons sódio, cloreto e bicarbonato. O índice de avaliação da qualidade das águas das estações de dessalinização apresentou bom desempenho, podendo ser acrescido de parâmetros referentes ao solo e à cultura explorada. Os altos valores de índice relativo de qualidade das águas das estações de dessalinização são apontados como indicadores de possíveis riscos de salinização de solos e de contaminação de aquíferos subterrâneos. O maior grau de impacto do uso da terra em consequência da qualidade das águas de estações de dessalinização foi registrado em amostras de rejeito salino seguidas das águas de poços.

ABSTRACT Reverse osmosis is the technology commonly used to produce fresh water from brackish groundwater. Due to the reject brine generated in desalination plants by reverse osmosis, vulnerability assessment to define critical areas to monitor waters from desalination has been an important tool for delineating the monitoring networks required for surveillance of potential salinization sites. The objective of this study was to assess the quality of waters sampled in desalination plants by a quality index, which provides a relative assessment of water vulnerability to potential salinization. The present study proposes an index to assess the quality of waters from desalination plants initially using the chemical parameters electrical conductivity, sodium adsorption ratio, Mg2+/Ca2+ ratio, and the ions sodium, chloride and bicarbonate. The index to assess quality of waters from desalination plants showed good performance and can include additional parameters referring to the soil and crop exploited. High values of the relative index of quality of waters from desalination plants are considered as possible indicators of risk of soil salinization and groundwater contamination. The highest level of land use impact on the quality of waters from desalination plants was found in reject brine samples followed by well water samples.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v22n10p667-672 758 downloads

14.

Electrical Immunosensor Made with Antigenic Peptide NS5A-1 Immobilized onto Silk Fibroin for Diagnosing Hepatitis C
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Lima, Lais R.

; Gonçalves, Alem-Mar B.

; Paulovich, Fernando V.

; Oliveira Jr., Osvaldo N.

; Ribeiro, Sidney J. L.

; Moraes, Marli L.

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

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oct 2018, Volume 29 N. 10 Pages 2054 - 2059

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Immunosensors based on impedance spectroscopy for diagnosing hepatitis C are reported where the sensing units were made with the antigenic peptide PPLLESWKDPDYVPPWHG (NS5A-1) derived from the NS5A protein of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) immobilized in layer-by-layer (LbL) films with silk fibroin (SF) and deposited on gold interdigitated electrodes. The electrical response of the sensing units varied upon immersion into solutions containing the antibody anti-HCV owing to the biomolecular recognition of NS5A-1. This was associated with morphological changes on the LbL films caused by adsorption of NS5A-1 and inferred from atomic force microscopy images. Buffer solutions with different anti-HCV concentrations down to 2 ng mL-1 could be clearly distinguished by analyzing the impedance spectroscopy data with a multidimensional projection technique. The specificity toward anti-HCV antibodies was confirmed in control experiments where no significant changes in the electrical response were measured by exposing the sensing units to solutions containing an anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibody. The high sensitivity and selectivity of the units made with LbL films demonstrate the feasibility of measuring electrical impedance as an immunosensing strategy to detect hepatitis C.

https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20180080 494 downloads

15.

DRYING KINETICS OF BARU FRUITS (Dipteryx alata Vogel)
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Resende, Osvaldo

; Oliveira, Daniel E. C. de

; Costa, Lílian M.

; Ferreira Júnior, Weder N.

Engenharia Agrícola

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jan 2018, Volume 38 N. 1 Pages 103 - 109

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT This study aimed to fit different mathematical models to the experimental data on drying of baru fruits (Dipteryx alata Vogel), determine and assess the effective diffusion coefficient, as well as obtain the activation energy and thermodynamic properties for the drying process under different air temperature conditions. Baru fruits with an initial moisture content of 0.429 ± 0.044 (dry basis, db) were dried in a forced air ventilation oven under four temperature conditions (40, 60, 80, and 100 °C) until reaching a moisture content of 0.065 ± 0.018 (decimal db). These data were fitted to mathematical models frequently used to represent the drying of vegetal products. The Logarithmic model presented the best fit to describe the phenomenon. The effective diffusion coefficient increased as temperature increased, being described by the Arrhenius equation, with an activation energy of 37.64 kJ mol-1. Enthalpy and entropy decreased, while Gibbs free energy increased as drying temperature increased.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-4430-eng.agric.v38n1p103-109/2018 791 downloads

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