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ABSTRACT Prolactinomas are the most common pituitary adenomas (approximately 40% of cases), and they represent an important cause of hypogonadism and infertility in both sexes. The magnitude of prolactin (PRL) elevation can be useful in determining the etiology of hyperprolactinemia. Indeed, PRL levels > 250 ng/mL are highly suggestive of the presence of a prolactinoma. In contrast, most patients with stalk dysfunction, drug-induced hyperprolactinemia or systemic diseases present with PRL levels < 100 ng/mL. However, exceptions to these rules are not rare. On the other hand, among patients with macroprolactinomas (MACs), artificially low PRL levels may result from the so-called “hook effect”. Patients harboring cystic MACs may also present with a mild PRL elevation. The screening for macroprolactin is mostly indicated for asymptomatic patients and those with apparent idiopathic hyperprolactinemia. Dopamine agonists (DAs) are the treatment of choice for prolactinomas, particularly cabergoline, which is more effective and better tolerated than bromocriptine. After 2 years of successful treatment, DA withdrawal should be considered in all cases of microprolactinomas and in selected cases of MACs. In this publication, the goal of the Neuroendocrinology Department of the Brazilian Society of Endocrinology and Metabolism (SBEM) is to provide a review of the diagnosis and treatment of hyperprolactinemia and prolactinomas, emphasizing controversial issues regarding these topics. This review is based on data published in the literature and the authors' experience.

https://doi.org/10.20945/2359-3997000000032 36158 downloads

A review of Cushing's disease treatment by the Department of Neuroendocrinology of the Brazilian Society of Endocrinology and Metabolism
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Machado, Márcio Carlos

; Fragoso, Maria Candida Barisson Vilares

; Moreira, Ayrton Custódio

; Boguszewski, César Luiz

; Vieira Neto, Leonardo

; Naves, Luciana A.

; Vilar, Lucio

; Araújo, Luiz Antônio de

; Musolino, Nina Rosa Castro

; Miranda, Paulo Augusto C.

; Czepielewski, Mauro A.

; Gadelha, Monica R.

; Bronstein, Marcello Delano

; Ribeiro-Oliveira Jr., Antônio

Archives of Endocrinology and Metabolism

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feb 2018, Volume 62 N. 1 Pages 87 - 105

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT The treatment objectives for a patient with Cushing's disease (CD) are remission of hypercortisolism, adequate management of co-morbidities, restoration of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, preservation of fertility and pituitary function, and improvement of visual defects in cases of macroadenomas with suprasellar extension. Transsphenoidal pituitary surgery is the main treatment option for the majority of cases, even in macroadenomas with low probability of remission. In cases of surgical failure, another subsequent pituitary surgery might be indicated in cases with persistent tumor imaging at post surgical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and/or pathology analysis of adrenocorticotropic hormone-positive (ACTH+) positive pituitary adenoma in the first procedure. Medical treatment, radiotherapy and adrenalectomy are the other options when transsphenoidal pituitary surgery fails. There are several options of medical treatment, although cabergoline and ketoconazole are the most commonly used alone or in combination. Novel treatments are also addressed in this review. Different therapeutic approaches are frequently needed on an individual basis, both before and, particularly, after surgery, and they should be individualized. The objective of the present review is to provide the necessary information to achieve a more effective treatment for CD. It is recommended that patients with CD be followed at tertiary care centers with experience in treating this condition.

https://doi.org/10.20945/2359-3997000000014 5266 downloads

Assessing the association between hypoxia during craniofacial development and oral clefts
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Küchler, Erika Calvano

; Silva, Lea Assed da

; Nelson-Filho, Paulo

; Sabóia, Ticiana M.

; Rentschler, Angela M.

; Granjeiro, José Mauro

; Oliveira, Driely

; Tannure, Patricia N.

; Silva, Raquel Assed da

; Antunes, Leonardo Santos

; Tsang, Michael

; Vieira, Alexandre R.

Journal of Applied Oral Science

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2018, Volume 26 elocation e20170234

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Objectives To evaluate the association between hypoxia during embryo development and oral clefts in an animal model, and to evaluate the association between polymorphisms in the HIF-1A gene with oral clefts in human families. Material and Methods The study with the animal model used zebrafish embryos at 8 hours post-fertilization submitted to 30% and 50% hypoxia for 24 hours. At 5 days post-fertilization, the larvae were fixed. The cartilage structures were stained to evaluate craniofacial phenotypes. The family-based association study included 148 Brazilian nuclear families with oral clefts. The association between the genetic polymorphisms rs2301113 and rs2057482 in HIF-1A with oral clefts was tested. We used real time PCR genotyping approach. ANOVA with Tukey's post-test was used to compare means. The transmission/disequilibrium test was used to analyze the distortion of the inheritance of alleles from parents to their affected offspring. Results For the hypoxic animal model, the anterior portion of the ethmoid plate presented a gap in the anterior edge, forming a cleft. The hypoxia level was associated with the severity of the phenotype (p<0.0001). For the families, there was no under-transmitted allele among the affected progeny (p>0.05). Conclusion Hypoxia is involved in the oral cleft etiology, however, polymorphisms in HIF-1A are not associated with oral clefts in humans.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-7757-2017-0234 977 downloads

Cessation of dangerousness status: an analysis of 224 reports from the Instituto de Perícias Heitor Carrilho, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Oliveira, Gustavo C.

; Valença, Alexandre M.

; de Moraes, Talvane M.

; Mendlowicz, Mauro V.

; Forrest, Miles C.

; Batista, Fred F.

; Mendes, Gabriella A.

; Lima, Tiago N.

; Gonçalves, Vinicius R.

; Mecler, Kátia

Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry

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mar 2017, Volume 39 N. 1 Pages 45 - 54

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Objectives: To evaluate factors related to dangerousness cessation at the end of involuntary commitment based on an analysis of expert reports. In light of the current legal requirement of dangerousness cessation as a pre-requisite for prison or internment release of individuals subjected to the safety measure, we sought elements to reflect on the practice of expert examiners in charge of making this decision. Methods: The authors revised 224 expert psychiatric dangerousness cessation reports released 2011 through 2014 and collected data for a statistical analysis. Results: The following variables were associated with positive risk cessation assessments: no inadequate behavior (according to the assistant professionals), no productive psychotic symptoms, no negative symptoms, presence of insight, presence of a support network, and no psychoactive substance abuse. The following variables were associated with negative dangerousness cessation decisions: early onset of malfunction, lack of insight, negative attitudes, active signs of major mental illness, presence of impulsiveness, poor response to treatment, presence of plans lacking feasibility, exposure to destabilizing factors, lack of personal support, and presence of stress. Conclusions: In this study we were able to identify factors associated with dangerousness in a sample of expert reports. The knowledge of factors linked to a higher risk of recidivism in illegal activities or violent behavior is crucial for decision-making regarding the release of offenders after their legally established period of involuntary commitment.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-4446-2015-1871 1355 downloads

Recommendations of the Neuroendocrinology Department of the Brazilian Society of Endocrinology and Metabolism for the diagnosis of Cushing’s disease in Brazil
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Machado, Márcio Carlos

; Fragoso, Maria Candida Barisson Vilares

; Moreira, Ayrton Custódio

; Boguszewski, César Luiz

; Vieira Neto, Leonardo

; Naves, Luciana A.

; Vilar, Lucio

; Araújo, Luiz Antônio de

; Czepielewski, Mauro A.

; Gadelha, Monica R.

; Musolino, Nina Rosa Castro

; Miranda, Paulo Augusto C.

; Bronstein, Marcello Delano

; Ribeiro-Oliveira Jr., Antônio

Archives of Endocrinology and Metabolism

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jun 2016, Volume 60 N. 3 Pages 267 - 286

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Although it is a rare condition, the accurate diagnosis and treatment of Cushing’s disease is important due to its higher morbidity and mortality compared to the general population, which is attributed to cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus and infections. Screening for hypercortisolism is recommended for patients who present multiple and progressive clinical signs and symptoms, especially those who are considered to be more specific to Cushing’s syndrome, abnormal findings relative to age (e.g., spinal osteoporosis and high blood pressure in young patients), weight gain associated with reduced growth rate in the pediatric population and for those with adrenal incidentalomas. Routine screening is not recommended for other groups of patients, such as those with obesity or diabetes mellitus. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the pituitary, the corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) test and the high-dose dexamethasone suppression test are the main tests for the differential diagnosis of ACTH-dependent Cushing’s syndrome. Bilateral and simultaneous petrosal sinus sampling is the gold standard method and is performed when the triad of initial tests is inconclusive, doubtful or conflicting. The aim of this article is to provide information on the early detection and establishment of a proper diagnosis of Cushing’s disease, recommending follow-up of these patients at experienced referral centers. Arch Endocrinol Metab. 2016;60(3):267-86

https://doi.org/10.1590/2359-3997000000174 6344 downloads

COMPETITIVE ABILITY OF WHEAT IN ASSOCIATION WITH BIOTYPES OF Raphanus raphanistrum L. RESISTANT AND SUSCEPTIBLE TO ALS-INHIBITOR HERBICIDES
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Costa, Leandro Oliveira da

; Rizzardi, Mauro Antônio

Ciência e Agrotecnologia

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apr 2015, Volume 39 N. 2 Pages 121 - 130

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

A ocorrência de Raphanus raphanistrum resistente aos herbicidas ALS, em lavouras de trigo, ocasiona perdas de rendimento na cultura, sendo necessário conhecer os fatores que influenciam na interferência dessa planta daninha, para, assim, desenvolver estratégias de manejo com maior segurança. Objetivou-se avaliar a habilidade competitiva de trigo em convivência com biótipos de R. raphanistrum resistente (biótipo R) e suscetível (biótipo S) aos herbicidas ALS e se há diferenças de competitividade entre os biótipos. Os experimentos foram realizados em casa de vegetação, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram alojados em vasos e arranjados em série de substituição, em três experimentos: 1-trigo com biótipo R, 2- trigo com biótipo S e 3- biótipo R com biótipo S, nas proporções: 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75 e 0:100. A competitividade foi analisada por meio de diagramas aplicados a experimentos substitutivos e índices de competitividade, com avaliação da matéria seca da parte aérea das plantas (experimentos 1, 2 e 3) e área foliar (experimento 3). Os biótipos R e S diminuíram, significativamente, a matéria seca da parte aérea do cultivar de trigo e demonstraram habilidade competitiva superior à cultura. A competição interespecífica foi mais importante para o trigo e para o biótipo S. A competitividade do biótipo R em relação ao biótipo S foi semelhante, havendo sinergismo na produção de área foliar, predominando a competição intraespecífica no biótipo R.

The occurrence of Raphanus raphanistrum ALS herbicide-resistant in wheat crops causes crop yield losses, which makes it necessary to understand the factors that influence the interference of this weed to develop safer management strategies. This study aimed to evaluate the competitive ability of wheat in coexistence with biotypes of R. raphanistrum that are resistant (R biotype) and susceptible (S biotypes) to ALS herbicides and to determine whether there are differences in the competitiveness of these biotypes. The experiments were conducted in a greenhouse using a completely randomized design with four replications. The treatments were placed in pots and arranged in replacement series for three experiments (1 - wheat with the R biotype; 2 - wheat with the S biotype; and 3 - the R biotype with the S biotype) at the following ratios: 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, and 0:100. The competitiveness was analyzed through diagrams applied to replacement experiments and competitiveness indices, including the evaluation of the shoot dry matter of the plants (experiments 1, 2, and 3) and the leaf area (experiment 3). The R and S biotypes significantly decreased the shoot dry matter of the wheat cultivar and demonstrated superior competitive ability compared with the culture. The interspecific competition was more important for the wheat and for the S biotype. The competitiveness of the R biotype compared to the S biotype was similar, with synergism in the leaf area production, which indicates the predominant intraspecific competition exhibited by the R biotype.

https://doi.org/10.1590/S1413-70542015000200003 1901 downloads

Electrochemical study of simple coumarin and its determination in aqueous infusion of Mikania glomerata
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Miyano, Daniela M.

; Lima, Thays

; Simões, Fábio R.

; La-Scalea, Mauro A.

; Oliveira, Hueder P. M.

; Codognoto, Lucia

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

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mar 2014, Volume 25 N. 3 Pages 602 - 609

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

O presente estudo teve por objetivos o desenvolvimento e a aplicação de um método eletroquímico para a determinação da cumarina simples em meio aquoso utilizando o eletrodo de diamante dopado com boro (BDDE). Os estudos foram realizados em pH 8,0 utilizando a voltametria cíclica (CV) e observou-se um processo de redução irreversível controlado por difusão com um pico de redução em torno de -1,6 V. Entretanto, foi possível observar por voltametria de onda quadrada (SWV) que no mesmo pH a redução da cumarina possui um caráter reversível. Além disso, esta reversibilidade se tornou mais evidente com o aumento do pH da solução. Um estudo cronoamperométrico mostrou que o processo de redução da cumarina envolve dois elétrons. A partir dos parâmetros otimizados da SWV uma curva analítica foi construída no intervalo linear de 0,5 × 10-5 a 10,0 × 10-5 mol L-1. Os limites de detecção e de quantificação foram 1,5 × 10-6 mol L-1 e 4,5 × 10-6 mol L-1, respectivamente. A cumarina foi determinada em amostras de Mikania glomerata (infusão aquosa) com valores de recuperação entre 92 e 104%.

The present study aims the development and application of an electrochemical method for simple coumarin determination in aqueous media by using a boron-doped diamond electrode (BDDE). The studies were carried out at pH 8.0 by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and registered an irreversible reduction process controlled by diffusion with the peak potential recorded around -1.6 V. The square wave voltammetry analysis (SWV) showed the reversible behavior of the electrochemical reduction of coumarin at the same pH. Additionally, the reversibility of the process was improved by increasing the solution pH. The chronoamperometry study showed that the coumarin reduction process involves two electrons. From the optimized SWV parameters, the analytical curve was constructed in a linear range between 0.5 × 10-5 and 10.0 × 10-5 mol L-1. The limits of detection and quantification were 1.5 × 10-6 mol L-1 and 4.5 × 10-6 mol L-1, respectively. The coumarin was determined in an aqueous infusion of Mikania glomerata, showing recovery values between 92 and 104%.

https://doi.org/10.5935/0103-5053.20140046 2856 downloads

Characteristics of forage and feeding behavior of Nellore heifers fed hydrolyzed sugarcane
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Missio, Regis Luis

; Oliveira, Mauro Dal Secco de

; Sforcini, Mariana Paula Rossi

; Abud, Guilherme de Carvalho

; Ferrari, Viviane Borba

; Elejalde, Denise Adelaide Gomes

; Ezequiel, Jane Maria Bertocco

Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia

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sep 2012, Volume 41 N. 9 Pages 2092 - 2100

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

The objective of this study was to evaluate the chemical characteristics of the forage and ingestive behavior of Nellore heifers fed hydrolyzed sugarcane in different periods of storage. Twenty-four heifers with initial body weight of 119.6±8.1 kg were utilized. The experimental design was completely randomized, in which the treatments were diets with fresh sugarcane and hydrolyzed sugarcane (5 g of lime kg-1 of chopped sugarcane) stored for 24, 48 or 72 hours as the only roughage. The addition of lime to sugarcane associated with its storage up to 72 hours provided an increase of 20% of the potentially degradable cell wall of carbohydrates, from 382.4 to 458.8 g kg-1 of total carbohydrates. The in vitro digestibility of dry matter was altered by the storage of hydrolyzed sugarcane, increasing 7.08% when the storage time was increased from 24 to 72 hours. Heifers fed fresh sugarcane remained more time consuming compared with heifers fed other diets. The time used for water intake was not influenced by the diet. The rumination time presented a quadratic variation in relation to storage time of the hydrolyzed sugarcane, with higher values for the of hydrolyzed sugarcane diets stored for 48 hours. Heifers fed hydrolyzed sugarcane spent more time on other activities than those fed fresh sugarcane. The supply of hydrolyzed sugarcane stored up to 72 hours in the proportion of 600 g kg-1 of dry matter in the diet, alters the intake patterns, reducing the feed intake in Nellore heifers.

Digestion of feed fractions and intake of heifers fed hydrolyzed sugarcane stored for different periods
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Missio, Regis Luis

; Oliveira, Mauro Dal Secco de

; Sforcini, Mariana Paula Rossi

; Rennó, Francisco Palma

; Freitas Júnior, José Esler

; Elejade, Denise Adelaide Gomes

; Ferrari, Viviane Borba

; Abud, Guilherme de Carvalho

Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia

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jul 2012, Volume 41 N. 7 Pages 1737 - 1746

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

The objective of this study was to evaluate, in Nellore heifers, intake and digestibility of hydrolyzed sugarcane stored for different periods. The experimental design used was a 4 × 4 Latin square, four diets, four Nellore heifers with ruminal cannulas (initial body weight 285.4±23.08 kg and average initial age 14 months) and four periods of 21 days. The diets were composed by fresh sugarcane (time zero) or hydrolyzed sugarcane with addition of 0.5% of hydrated lime, stored for 24, 48 or 72 hours, as the unique forage. Intake and digestibility of feed fractions, nitrogen balance, microbial synthesis efficiency, total number of ruminal protozoans and ammoniacal nitrogen did not significantly change by storing sugarcane with addition of 0.5% of hydrated lime. Sugarcane pH varied quadratically for storage time, with maximum pH of 7.02 after 24 hours from lime addition. Ruminal liquid pH values were higher for heifers fed fresh sugarcane, in comparison with those fed hydrolyzed sugarcane. Sugarcane treated with 0.5% of hydrated lime stored for up to 72 hours does not change ruminal digestion to alter the amount of feed consumed by pubescent Nellore heifers. Thus, lime is a viable technology, once it allows long-duration storage and bee control on treated forage, which contributes to animal feeding logistics.

10.

Expressão do gene da leptina e seu receptor Ob-Rb no parênquima mamário de novilhas leiteiras
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Lew, Betina Joyce

; Oliveira, Mauro Dal Secco de

; Carvalho, Marina Vieira de

; Freitas Júnior, José Esler de

; Rennó, Francisco Palma

Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia

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may 2012, Volume 41 N. 5 Pages 1263 - 1270

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar os efeitos de uma dieta de alto nível de energia e proteína combinada com a aplicação de bST no perfil de expressão dos genes da leptina e de seu receptor Ob-Rb no parênquima mamário de novilhas leiteiras. Foram utilizadas amostras de parênquima mamário de 32 novilhas holandesas distribuídas aleatoriamente em quatro tratamentos (n=8): dieta com alto ou baixo teor de energia e proteína combinada ou não com a aplicação de bST. O delineamento utilizado foi em blocos casualizados com arranjo de tratamentos em esquema fatorial 2 × 2. A extração do RNA total das amostras de tecido foi feita e o nível de expressão gênica foi analisado por qRT-PCR utilizando-se o gene da glicuronidase β como controle, pelo método 2-ΔΔCt. Animais que receberam a dieta com alto conteúdo de energia e proteína apresentaram maior expressão de mRNA de leptina, com aumento de 56%, e menor expressão de mRNA do receptor Ob-Rb, com redução de 18%. Por outro lado, a aplicação de bST resultou em diminuição da expressão do mRNA de leptina e do receptor Ob-Rb em 74% e 23%, respectivamente. Não houve interação entre dieta e aplicação de bST. O aumento na expressão de leptina pode explicar, ao menos em parte, os efeitos negativos da dieta de alta energia e proteína, oferecida no período pré-púbere, sobre a produção de leite de novilhas leiteiras.

The objective of this study was to examine the effects of a diet with high level of energy and protein, combined with bST injections, on leptin and leptin-receptor (Ob-Rb) gene expression profile in the mammary parenchyma of dairy heifers. Mammary parenchyma samples from 32 Holstein heifers, randomly assigned to one of four treatments (n=8), were utilized: high or low energy and protein diet, with or without bST injection. The experiment was designed in randomized blocks and arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. Total RNA was extracted from tissue samples and gene expression profile was tested in qRT-PCR, against glucuronidase β as a control, using the 2-ΔΔCt method. Animals receiving the diet with high level of energy and protein had higher leptin mRNA expression, with an increase of 56%, and lower leptin receptor Ob-Rb mRNA expression, with a decrease of 18%. On the other hand, bST injection decreased leptin mRNA and receptor Ob-Rb mRNA expression in 74% and 23%, respectively. There was no interaction between diet and bST injection. The increase in leptin expression can explain, at least in part, the detrimental effects caused by diets rich in energy and protein, offered during the prepubertal period, in future milk production of dairy heifers.

11.

Divergence of the fermentative and bromatological characteristics of 25 sorghum hybrid silages
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Silva, Thiago Carvalho da

; Santos, Edson Mauro

; Macedo, Carlos Henrique Oliveira

; Lima, Milena Araújo de

; Bezerra, Higor Fábio Carvalho

; Azevêdo, José Augusto Gomes

; Rodrigues, José Avelino Santos

; Oliveira, Juliana Silva de

Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia

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may 2012, Volume 41 N. 5 Pages 1127 - 1133

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

The objective of this study was to evaluate the divergence of bromatological and fermentative characteristics of silages of 25 sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) hybrids. The experimental design was completely randomized with 25 treatments and four replications. The mean values of pH differed with variation from 3.45 to 3.87 for hybrids 866005 and 870051, respectively, and the mean pH value was 3.66. The average percentage of lactic acid ranged from 2.90 to 7.43 dag/kg of dry matter (DM) in hybrids 870035 and 866005, respectively, with an average of 4.65 dag/kg DM. Through cluster analysis by the Tocher method and average Euclidean distance based on the fermentative characteristics, five groups were formed: one with 18 hybrids, another with four and three groups with one hybrid in each. In group three, there were the hybrids that showed the highest values of lactic acid. Hybrids 870025, 870035, 870081, 870095, 866034, and 870031 showed higher DM content and the hybrid BRS 610 had the lowest average compared with the others. Hybrids 1F305, BRS 610, Volumax, and XBS60329 had the lowest levels of non-fiber carbohydrates and higher neutral detergent fiber corrected for ash and protein. Despite the fermentative and bromatological divergences between hybrids, they are not a limiting factor to silage production.

12.

Chemical composition and photosynthetically active radiation of forage grasses under irrigation
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Silva, Edilane Aparecida da

; Silva, Wilson Jesus da

; Barreto, Antônio Carlos

; Oliveira Junior, Antonio Barbosa de

; Paes, José Mauro Valente

; Ruas, José Reinaldo Mendes

; Queiroz, Domingos Sávio

Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia

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mar 2012, Volume 41 N. 3 Pages 583 - 591

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

The present study aimed to estimate the photosynthetically active radiation of tropical forage grasses in ten cutting dates, under irrigation. The following treatments were used: Brachiaria decumbens grass (Brachiaria decumbens cultivar Basilisk), Marandu grass (Brachiaria brizantha cultivar Marandu), Xaraes grass (Brachiaria brizantha, cultivar Xaraes), Mombaça grass (Panicum maximum cultivar Mombaça), Tanzania grass (Panicum maximum, cultivar Tanzania) and Tifton 85 grass (Cynodon spp cultivar Tifton 85). The weather parameters were collected by an automatic meteorological station installed in the location and used for irrigation management. The experiment was arranged in a split-plot completely randomized block design, considering the grasses as plots and cutting seasons as subplots, with four replications in a 6 × 10 factorial arrangement, six grasses and ten cutting seasons. The results indicated increased use of photosynthetically active radiation in the wet season, in relation to the dry-wet season transition. Basilisk presented the highest values of photosynthetically active radiation (1,648.9 mE). The variables studied were affected by photosynthetically active radiation. The grass cultivars presented different light interceptions. The values of 87; 90; 90; 88; 92 and 77% were found for grass cultivars Basilisk, Marandu, Mombaça, Tanzania, Xaraes and Tifton 85, respectively. Differences were observed in forage accumulation rates for the grass plants studied. The grasses with the best productive performance were Brachiaria decumbens cultivar Basilisk and B. brizantha cultivar Xaraes. The highest values of crude protein and neutral detergent fiber were observed for Tifton 85. The use of photosynthetically active radiation was different among the grasses evaluated. There is a positive association between photosynthetically active radiation and dry matter production. Besides, photosynthetically active radiation indirectly affects crude protein and forage neutral detergent fiber.

13.

Dry matter yield, thermal sum and base temperatures in irrigated tropical forage plants
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Silva, Edilane Aparecida da

; Silva, Wilson Jesus da

; Barreto, Antônio Carlos

; Oliveira Junior, Antonio Barbosa de

; Paes, José Mauro Valente

; Ruas, José Reinaldo Mendes

; Queiroz, Domingos Sávio

Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia

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mar 2012, Volume 41 N. 3 Pages 574 - 582

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

The present study aimed to estimate the basal temperature and thermal sum for the following tropical forage plants: Brachiaria decumbens, cultivar Basilisk; Brachiaria brizantha, cultivar Marandu; Brachiaria brizantha, cultivar Xaraes; Panicum maximum, cultivar Mombaça; Panicum maximum, cultivar Tanzania; and Cynodon spp, cultivar Tifton 85, in ten cutting seasons, under irrigation. The climatic data were collected in an automatic weather ministration installed in the experimental area and used for irrigation management. The relative development or regression equation method was used to calculate the basal temperature. The estimated basal temperature values were 15.4; 10.5; 14.2; 13.4; 12.4 and 15.1 ºC and the demands were of 2,088.1; 3,542.5; 2,486.5; 2,838.5; 2,701.7 and 2,134.5 degree days for cultivars Basilisk, Marandu, Mombaça, Tanzania, Xaraes and Tifton 85, respectively. The relative development method revealed linearity between plant development and room temperature. Basal temperature can help elaborate climatic zoning for forage species in Brazil and allow the selection of the best suited species for each region in Brazil.

14.

Comparação das propriedades de sorção e solubilidade de cimentos submetidos a diferentes soluções e tempos de armazenagem
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Busato, Priscilla do M. R.

; Oliveira, Erika C. S. de

; Busato, Mauro C. A.

; Mendonça, Márcio J.

; Rodrigues, Natiéli A.

; Vendrame, Taline K.

; Camilotti, Veridiana

Polímeros

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2012, Volume 22 N. 1 Pages 69 - 72

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

A finalidade deste estudo foi avaliar in vitro algumas propriedades dos cimentos Rely X U100 (3M ESPE), Rely X Luting (3M ESPE) e All Cem (FGM), como a sorção e solubilidade em água destilada e numa solução de álcool 75%, por períodos de 7 e 15 dias. Foram confeccionados 60 corpos-de-prova, divididos em três grupos (n = 20), de acordo com o cimento escolhido. Eles foram então divididos em quatro grupos de acordo com os fatores avaliados, tipo de solução e período de avaliação. Os espécimes foram padronizados com 8 mm de diâmetro e 1 mm de espessura, sendo polimerizados sobre lâminas de microscopia e matriz de poliéster e os excessos foram removidos com lâmina de bisturi. As amostras foram transferidas para uma estufa a 37 °C até atingir a massa constante, denominada M1. Na sequência, foram imersas em suas respectivas soluções e permaneceram armazenadas por 7 e 15 dias. Decorrido este período, os espécimes foram pesados novamente, obtendo-se a M2. Para obter a nova massa constante, denominada M3, os mesmos retornaram à estufa a 37 °C. Para o cálculo da sorção e da solubilidade, foram utilizadas equações, sendo (M2-M3)/V e (M1-M3)/V, respectivamente. Os resultados foram submetidos à ANOVA de dois fatores.

The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro some properties of the resin cement Rely X U100 (3M ESPE), such as the sorption and solubility in water and a solution of alcohol 75% for periods of 7 and 15 days. The 60 samples were divided into three groups according to the cement used, and then divided into four groups according to the factors evaluated, type of solution and evaluation period. The samples were standardized with 8 mm diameter and 1 mm in thickness and light cured in polyester matrix, with the excess being removed with a scalpel blade. The samples were transferred to a greenhouse at 37 °C until reaching constant mass, referred to as M1. The samples were then immersed in solutions and stored for 7 and 15 days, after which they were weighed to get the mass M2. To reach a new constant mass, referred to as M3, the samples were again treated at 37 °C. The sorption and solubility were calculated using the equations (M2-M3)/V and (M1-M3)/V, respectively. The results were subjected to a two-way ANOVA procedure.

15.

Recomendações do Departamento de Neuroendocrinologia da Sociedade Brasileira de Endocrinologia e Metabologia para o Diagnóstico e Tratamento da Acromegalia no Brasil
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Vieira Neto, Leonardo

; Abucham, Julio

; Araujo, Luiz Antônio de

; Boguszewski, Cesar L.

; Bronstein, Marcello D.

; Czepielewski, Mauro

; Jallad, Raquel S.

; Musolino, Nina R. de C.

; Naves, Luciana A.

; Ribeiro-Oliveira Júnior, Antônio

; Vilar, Lucio

; Faria, Manuel dos S.

; Gadelha, Mônica R.

Arquivos Brasileiros de Endocrinologia & Metabologia

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dec 2011, Volume 55 N. 9 Pages 725 - 726

Abstract: Pt | Text: Pt | PDF: Pt

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