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ABSTRACT Prolactinomas are the most common pituitary adenomas (approximately 40% of cases), and they represent an important cause of hypogonadism and infertility in both sexes. The magnitude of prolactin (PRL) elevation can be useful in determining the etiology of hyperprolactinemia. Indeed, PRL levels > 250 ng/mL are highly suggestive of the presence of a prolactinoma. In contrast, most patients with stalk dysfunction, drug-induced hyperprolactinemia or systemic diseases present with PRL levels < 100 ng/mL. However, exceptions to these rules are not rare. On the other hand, among patients with macroprolactinomas (MACs), artificially low PRL levels may result from the so-called “hook effect”. Patients harboring cystic MACs may also present with a mild PRL elevation. The screening for macroprolactin is mostly indicated for asymptomatic patients and those with apparent idiopathic hyperprolactinemia. Dopamine agonists (DAs) are the treatment of choice for prolactinomas, particularly cabergoline, which is more effective and better tolerated than bromocriptine. After 2 years of successful treatment, DA withdrawal should be considered in all cases of microprolactinomas and in selected cases of MACs. In this publication, the goal of the Neuroendocrinology Department of the Brazilian Society of Endocrinology and Metabolism (SBEM) is to provide a review of the diagnosis and treatment of hyperprolactinemia and prolactinomas, emphasizing controversial issues regarding these topics. This review is based on data published in the literature and the authors' experience.

https://doi.org/10.20945/2359-3997000000032 36158 downloads

A review of Cushing's disease treatment by the Department of Neuroendocrinology of the Brazilian Society of Endocrinology and Metabolism
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Machado, Márcio Carlos

; Fragoso, Maria Candida Barisson Vilares

; Moreira, Ayrton Custódio

; Boguszewski, César Luiz

; Vieira Neto, Leonardo

; Naves, Luciana A.

; Vilar, Lucio

; Araújo, Luiz Antônio de

; Musolino, Nina Rosa Castro

; Miranda, Paulo Augusto C.

; Czepielewski, Mauro A.

; Gadelha, Monica R.

; Bronstein, Marcello Delano

; Ribeiro-Oliveira Jr., Antônio

Archives of Endocrinology and Metabolism

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feb 2018, Volume 62 N. 1 Pages 87 - 105

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT The treatment objectives for a patient with Cushing's disease (CD) are remission of hypercortisolism, adequate management of co-morbidities, restoration of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, preservation of fertility and pituitary function, and improvement of visual defects in cases of macroadenomas with suprasellar extension. Transsphenoidal pituitary surgery is the main treatment option for the majority of cases, even in macroadenomas with low probability of remission. In cases of surgical failure, another subsequent pituitary surgery might be indicated in cases with persistent tumor imaging at post surgical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and/or pathology analysis of adrenocorticotropic hormone-positive (ACTH+) positive pituitary adenoma in the first procedure. Medical treatment, radiotherapy and adrenalectomy are the other options when transsphenoidal pituitary surgery fails. There are several options of medical treatment, although cabergoline and ketoconazole are the most commonly used alone or in combination. Novel treatments are also addressed in this review. Different therapeutic approaches are frequently needed on an individual basis, both before and, particularly, after surgery, and they should be individualized. The objective of the present review is to provide the necessary information to achieve a more effective treatment for CD. It is recommended that patients with CD be followed at tertiary care centers with experience in treating this condition.

https://doi.org/10.20945/2359-3997000000014 5266 downloads

Assessing the association between hypoxia during craniofacial development and oral clefts
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Küchler, Erika Calvano

; Silva, Lea Assed da

; Nelson-Filho, Paulo

; Sabóia, Ticiana M.

; Rentschler, Angela M.

; Granjeiro, José Mauro

; Oliveira, Driely

; Tannure, Patricia N.

; Silva, Raquel Assed da

; Antunes, Leonardo Santos

; Tsang, Michael

; Vieira, Alexandre R.

Journal of Applied Oral Science

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2018, Volume 26 elocation e20170234

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Objectives To evaluate the association between hypoxia during embryo development and oral clefts in an animal model, and to evaluate the association between polymorphisms in the HIF-1A gene with oral clefts in human families. Material and Methods The study with the animal model used zebrafish embryos at 8 hours post-fertilization submitted to 30% and 50% hypoxia for 24 hours. At 5 days post-fertilization, the larvae were fixed. The cartilage structures were stained to evaluate craniofacial phenotypes. The family-based association study included 148 Brazilian nuclear families with oral clefts. The association between the genetic polymorphisms rs2301113 and rs2057482 in HIF-1A with oral clefts was tested. We used real time PCR genotyping approach. ANOVA with Tukey's post-test was used to compare means. The transmission/disequilibrium test was used to analyze the distortion of the inheritance of alleles from parents to their affected offspring. Results For the hypoxic animal model, the anterior portion of the ethmoid plate presented a gap in the anterior edge, forming a cleft. The hypoxia level was associated with the severity of the phenotype (p<0.0001). For the families, there was no under-transmitted allele among the affected progeny (p>0.05). Conclusion Hypoxia is involved in the oral cleft etiology, however, polymorphisms in HIF-1A are not associated with oral clefts in humans.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-7757-2017-0234 977 downloads

Cessation of dangerousness status: an analysis of 224 reports from the Instituto de Perícias Heitor Carrilho, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Oliveira, Gustavo C.

; Valença, Alexandre M.

; de Moraes, Talvane M.

; Mendlowicz, Mauro V.

; Forrest, Miles C.

; Batista, Fred F.

; Mendes, Gabriella A.

; Lima, Tiago N.

; Gonçalves, Vinicius R.

; Mecler, Kátia

Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry

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mar 2017, Volume 39 N. 1 Pages 45 - 54

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Objectives: To evaluate factors related to dangerousness cessation at the end of involuntary commitment based on an analysis of expert reports. In light of the current legal requirement of dangerousness cessation as a pre-requisite for prison or internment release of individuals subjected to the safety measure, we sought elements to reflect on the practice of expert examiners in charge of making this decision. Methods: The authors revised 224 expert psychiatric dangerousness cessation reports released 2011 through 2014 and collected data for a statistical analysis. Results: The following variables were associated with positive risk cessation assessments: no inadequate behavior (according to the assistant professionals), no productive psychotic symptoms, no negative symptoms, presence of insight, presence of a support network, and no psychoactive substance abuse. The following variables were associated with negative dangerousness cessation decisions: early onset of malfunction, lack of insight, negative attitudes, active signs of major mental illness, presence of impulsiveness, poor response to treatment, presence of plans lacking feasibility, exposure to destabilizing factors, lack of personal support, and presence of stress. Conclusions: In this study we were able to identify factors associated with dangerousness in a sample of expert reports. The knowledge of factors linked to a higher risk of recidivism in illegal activities or violent behavior is crucial for decision-making regarding the release of offenders after their legally established period of involuntary commitment.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-4446-2015-1871 1355 downloads

Recommendations of the Neuroendocrinology Department of the Brazilian Society of Endocrinology and Metabolism for the diagnosis of Cushing’s disease in Brazil
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Machado, Márcio Carlos

; Fragoso, Maria Candida Barisson Vilares

; Moreira, Ayrton Custódio

; Boguszewski, César Luiz

; Vieira Neto, Leonardo

; Naves, Luciana A.

; Vilar, Lucio

; Araújo, Luiz Antônio de

; Czepielewski, Mauro A.

; Gadelha, Monica R.

; Musolino, Nina Rosa Castro

; Miranda, Paulo Augusto C.

; Bronstein, Marcello Delano

; Ribeiro-Oliveira Jr., Antônio

Archives of Endocrinology and Metabolism

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jun 2016, Volume 60 N. 3 Pages 267 - 286

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Although it is a rare condition, the accurate diagnosis and treatment of Cushing’s disease is important due to its higher morbidity and mortality compared to the general population, which is attributed to cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus and infections. Screening for hypercortisolism is recommended for patients who present multiple and progressive clinical signs and symptoms, especially those who are considered to be more specific to Cushing’s syndrome, abnormal findings relative to age (e.g., spinal osteoporosis and high blood pressure in young patients), weight gain associated with reduced growth rate in the pediatric population and for those with adrenal incidentalomas. Routine screening is not recommended for other groups of patients, such as those with obesity or diabetes mellitus. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the pituitary, the corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) test and the high-dose dexamethasone suppression test are the main tests for the differential diagnosis of ACTH-dependent Cushing’s syndrome. Bilateral and simultaneous petrosal sinus sampling is the gold standard method and is performed when the triad of initial tests is inconclusive, doubtful or conflicting. The aim of this article is to provide information on the early detection and establishment of a proper diagnosis of Cushing’s disease, recommending follow-up of these patients at experienced referral centers. Arch Endocrinol Metab. 2016;60(3):267-86

https://doi.org/10.1590/2359-3997000000174 6344 downloads

COMPETITIVE ABILITY OF WHEAT IN ASSOCIATION WITH BIOTYPES OF Raphanus raphanistrum L. RESISTANT AND SUSCEPTIBLE TO ALS-INHIBITOR HERBICIDES
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Costa, Leandro Oliveira da

; Rizzardi, Mauro Antônio

Ciência e Agrotecnologia

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apr 2015, Volume 39 N. 2 Pages 121 - 130

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

A ocorrência de Raphanus raphanistrum resistente aos herbicidas ALS, em lavouras de trigo, ocasiona perdas de rendimento na cultura, sendo necessário conhecer os fatores que influenciam na interferência dessa planta daninha, para, assim, desenvolver estratégias de manejo com maior segurança. Objetivou-se avaliar a habilidade competitiva de trigo em convivência com biótipos de R. raphanistrum resistente (biótipo R) e suscetível (biótipo S) aos herbicidas ALS e se há diferenças de competitividade entre os biótipos. Os experimentos foram realizados em casa de vegetação, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram alojados em vasos e arranjados em série de substituição, em três experimentos: 1-trigo com biótipo R, 2- trigo com biótipo S e 3- biótipo R com biótipo S, nas proporções: 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75 e 0:100. A competitividade foi analisada por meio de diagramas aplicados a experimentos substitutivos e índices de competitividade, com avaliação da matéria seca da parte aérea das plantas (experimentos 1, 2 e 3) e área foliar (experimento 3). Os biótipos R e S diminuíram, significativamente, a matéria seca da parte aérea do cultivar de trigo e demonstraram habilidade competitiva superior à cultura. A competição interespecífica foi mais importante para o trigo e para o biótipo S. A competitividade do biótipo R em relação ao biótipo S foi semelhante, havendo sinergismo na produção de área foliar, predominando a competição intraespecífica no biótipo R.

The occurrence of Raphanus raphanistrum ALS herbicide-resistant in wheat crops causes crop yield losses, which makes it necessary to understand the factors that influence the interference of this weed to develop safer management strategies. This study aimed to evaluate the competitive ability of wheat in coexistence with biotypes of R. raphanistrum that are resistant (R biotype) and susceptible (S biotypes) to ALS herbicides and to determine whether there are differences in the competitiveness of these biotypes. The experiments were conducted in a greenhouse using a completely randomized design with four replications. The treatments were placed in pots and arranged in replacement series for three experiments (1 - wheat with the R biotype; 2 - wheat with the S biotype; and 3 - the R biotype with the S biotype) at the following ratios: 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, and 0:100. The competitiveness was analyzed through diagrams applied to replacement experiments and competitiveness indices, including the evaluation of the shoot dry matter of the plants (experiments 1, 2, and 3) and the leaf area (experiment 3). The R and S biotypes significantly decreased the shoot dry matter of the wheat cultivar and demonstrated superior competitive ability compared with the culture. The interspecific competition was more important for the wheat and for the S biotype. The competitiveness of the R biotype compared to the S biotype was similar, with synergism in the leaf area production, which indicates the predominant intraspecific competition exhibited by the R biotype.

https://doi.org/10.1590/S1413-70542015000200003 1901 downloads

Electrochemical study of simple coumarin and its determination in aqueous infusion of Mikania glomerata
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Miyano, Daniela M.

; Lima, Thays

; Simões, Fábio R.

; La-Scalea, Mauro A.

; Oliveira, Hueder P. M.

; Codognoto, Lucia

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

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mar 2014, Volume 25 N. 3 Pages 602 - 609

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

O presente estudo teve por objetivos o desenvolvimento e a aplicação de um método eletroquímico para a determinação da cumarina simples em meio aquoso utilizando o eletrodo de diamante dopado com boro (BDDE). Os estudos foram realizados em pH 8,0 utilizando a voltametria cíclica (CV) e observou-se um processo de redução irreversível controlado por difusão com um pico de redução em torno de -1,6 V. Entretanto, foi possível observar por voltametria de onda quadrada (SWV) que no mesmo pH a redução da cumarina possui um caráter reversível. Além disso, esta reversibilidade se tornou mais evidente com o aumento do pH da solução. Um estudo cronoamperométrico mostrou que o processo de redução da cumarina envolve dois elétrons. A partir dos parâmetros otimizados da SWV uma curva analítica foi construída no intervalo linear de 0,5 × 10-5 a 10,0 × 10-5 mol L-1. Os limites de detecção e de quantificação foram 1,5 × 10-6 mol L-1 e 4,5 × 10-6 mol L-1, respectivamente. A cumarina foi determinada em amostras de Mikania glomerata (infusão aquosa) com valores de recuperação entre 92 e 104%.

The present study aims the development and application of an electrochemical method for simple coumarin determination in aqueous media by using a boron-doped diamond electrode (BDDE). The studies were carried out at pH 8.0 by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and registered an irreversible reduction process controlled by diffusion with the peak potential recorded around -1.6 V. The square wave voltammetry analysis (SWV) showed the reversible behavior of the electrochemical reduction of coumarin at the same pH. Additionally, the reversibility of the process was improved by increasing the solution pH. The chronoamperometry study showed that the coumarin reduction process involves two electrons. From the optimized SWV parameters, the analytical curve was constructed in a linear range between 0.5 × 10-5 and 10.0 × 10-5 mol L-1. The limits of detection and quantification were 1.5 × 10-6 mol L-1 and 4.5 × 10-6 mol L-1, respectively. The coumarin was determined in an aqueous infusion of Mikania glomerata, showing recovery values between 92 and 104%.

https://doi.org/10.5935/0103-5053.20140046 2856 downloads

Comparação das propriedades de sorção e solubilidade de cimentos submetidos a diferentes soluções e tempos de armazenagem
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Busato, Priscilla do M. R.

; Oliveira, Erika C. S. de

; Busato, Mauro C. A.

; Mendonça, Márcio J.

; Rodrigues, Natiéli A.

; Vendrame, Taline K.

; Camilotti, Veridiana

Polímeros

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2012, Volume 22 N. 1 Pages 69 - 72

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

A finalidade deste estudo foi avaliar in vitro algumas propriedades dos cimentos Rely X U100 (3M ESPE), Rely X Luting (3M ESPE) e All Cem (FGM), como a sorção e solubilidade em água destilada e numa solução de álcool 75%, por períodos de 7 e 15 dias. Foram confeccionados 60 corpos-de-prova, divididos em três grupos (n = 20), de acordo com o cimento escolhido. Eles foram então divididos em quatro grupos de acordo com os fatores avaliados, tipo de solução e período de avaliação. Os espécimes foram padronizados com 8 mm de diâmetro e 1 mm de espessura, sendo polimerizados sobre lâminas de microscopia e matriz de poliéster e os excessos foram removidos com lâmina de bisturi. As amostras foram transferidas para uma estufa a 37 °C até atingir a massa constante, denominada M1. Na sequência, foram imersas em suas respectivas soluções e permaneceram armazenadas por 7 e 15 dias. Decorrido este período, os espécimes foram pesados novamente, obtendo-se a M2. Para obter a nova massa constante, denominada M3, os mesmos retornaram à estufa a 37 °C. Para o cálculo da sorção e da solubilidade, foram utilizadas equações, sendo (M2-M3)/V e (M1-M3)/V, respectivamente. Os resultados foram submetidos à ANOVA de dois fatores.

The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro some properties of the resin cement Rely X U100 (3M ESPE), such as the sorption and solubility in water and a solution of alcohol 75% for periods of 7 and 15 days. The 60 samples were divided into three groups according to the cement used, and then divided into four groups according to the factors evaluated, type of solution and evaluation period. The samples were standardized with 8 mm diameter and 1 mm in thickness and light cured in polyester matrix, with the excess being removed with a scalpel blade. The samples were transferred to a greenhouse at 37 °C until reaching constant mass, referred to as M1. The samples were then immersed in solutions and stored for 7 and 15 days, after which they were weighed to get the mass M2. To reach a new constant mass, referred to as M3, the samples were again treated at 37 °C. The sorption and solubility were calculated using the equations (M2-M3)/V and (M1-M3)/V, respectively. The results were subjected to a two-way ANOVA procedure.

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Recomendações do Departamento de Neuroendocrinologia da Sociedade Brasileira de Endocrinologia e Metabologia para o Diagnóstico e Tratamento da Acromegalia no Brasil
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Vieira Neto, Leonardo

; Abucham, Julio

; Araujo, Luiz Antônio de

; Boguszewski, Cesar L.

; Bronstein, Marcello D.

; Czepielewski, Mauro

; Jallad, Raquel S.

; Musolino, Nina R. de C.

; Naves, Luciana A.

; Ribeiro-Oliveira Júnior, Antônio

; Vilar, Lucio

; Faria, Manuel dos S.

; Gadelha, Mônica R.

Arquivos Brasileiros de Endocrinologia & Metabologia

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dec 2011, Volume 55 N. 9 Pages 725 - 726

Abstract: Pt | Text: Pt | PDF: Pt

3939 downloads

10.

Intoxicação experimental por Trema micrantha (Cannabaceae) em equinos
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Bandarra, Paulo M.

; Bezerra Júnior, Pedro S.

; Oliveira, Luiz Gustavo S. de

; Correa, Gabriel L.F.

; Borba, Mauro R.

; Reck Júnior, José

; Cruz, Cláudio Estevão Farias da

; Driemeier, David

Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira

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nov 2011, Volume 31 N. 11 Pages 991 - 996

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

O objetivo desse estudo foi confirmar a toxidez e caracterizar os aspectos clínicos e patológicos da intoxicação por Trema micrantha em equinos. Três equinos, pôneis, com idade entre 2 e 7 anos consumiram espontaneamente folhas de T. micrantha em doses únicas de 30g/kg, 25g/ kg e 20g/kg. Os três animais adoeceram e evoluíram para morte. Outro equino recebeu 15 e 25g/kg da planta com intervalo de 30 dias entre as doses e não apresentou alteração clínica. Coletas diárias de sangue foram realizadas para análises bioquímicas. Os principais sinais clínicos apresentados foram apatia, desequilíbrios, dificuldade de deglutição, decúbito esternal, decúbito lateral, movimentos de pedalagem, coma e morte. Os três equinos afetados apresentaram elevação da atividade sérica de gama-glutamil transferase, dos níveis séricos de amônia e diminuição da glicemia. Esses animais foram necropsiados e fragmentos de diversos órgãos foram coletados para análise histopatológica e imuno-histoquímica. Os principais achados patológicos foram encontrados no fígado e no encéfalo dos três animais. O fígado apresentava, macroscopicamente, acentuação do padrão lobular; enquanto que, no encéfalo havia áreas amareladas na superfície de corte, mais evidentes na substância branca do cerebelo. Microscopicamente, o fígado apresentava tumefação hepatocelular, necrose de coagulação predominantemente centrolobular e hemorragia associada. No encéfalo, havia edema perivascular generalizado e astrócitos Alzheimer tipo II na substância cinzenta. Esses astrócitos apresentaram marcação fraca ou negativa na imuno-histoquímica anti-GFAP e marcação positiva do antígeno S-100. A dose letal mínima de folhas de T. micrantha estabelecida nesse experimento foi de 20g/kg. A ampla distribuição e palatabilidade desta planta, associadas à alta sensibilidade da espécie equina, constatada nesse experimento, reforçam a importância da planta em casos acidentais de intoxicação em equinos.

The aim of this study was to confirm the toxicity and characterize the clinical and pathological aspects of poisoning by Trema micrantha in horses. The green leaves of the plant were spontaneously consumed by three ponies at single doses of 20, 25, and 30g/kg. The three ponies developed clinical disease characterized by apathy, equilibrium deficit, deglutition difficulty, sternal or lateral recumbency, paddling, coma and death. Affected ponies had also enhanced seric activity of gamma-glutamyl transferase, seric ammonia apart of diminished glycemia. An additional pony, that received 15 and 25g/kg of T. micrantha with a 30 day interval between the two doses, showed no clinical disease. The three ponies were necropsied and fragments from organs were collected for histology and immunostaining (IS) procedures. The main pathological findings were in the liver and encephalon. There were enhanced lobular pattern of the liver and yellowish areas in the cut surface of the encephalon, especially visualized in the cerebellar white matter. Microscopically, there was hepatocellular swelling and coagulative hepatic necrosis predominantly centrilobular with hemorrhages. Generalized perivascular edema and Alzheimer type II astrocytes were observed in the encephalon. The Alzheimer type II astrocytes showed weak or absent anti-glial fibrillar acid protein IS associated with positive IS for S-100 protein. The minimal lethal dose of Trema micrantha leaves was established at 20g/kg. The sensibility of horses to this plant, its wide distribution and high palatability reinforces the importance of Trema micrantha in accidental poisoning of horses.

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11.

Determinação do coeficiente de cultura (Kc) e eficiência do uso de água do alecrim-pimenta irrigado
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Lopes, Otávio D.

; Kobayashi, Mauro K.

; Oliveira, Flávio G.

; Alvarenga, Ivan C. A.

; Martins, Ernane R.

; Corsato, Carlos E.

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental

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jun 2011, Volume 15 N. 6 Pages 548 - 553

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Objetivou-se com este estudo determinar os coeficientes de cultura (Kc), a eficiência do uso de água (EUA) do alecrim-pimenta contemplando a produção de biomassa e óleo essencial. O experimento foi conduzido em lisímetro de drenagem, no Instituto de Ciências Agrárias da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, em Montes Claros, MG. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos casualizados, cujos tratamentos correspondiam a sete lâminas de água (0,5; 0,75; 1,0; 1,2; 1,4; 1,65 e 1,9 ETo), e três repetições. A evapotranspiração potencial de referência utilizada no cálculo das lâminas de irrigação foi obtida pelo método de Penman-Monteith. Os tratamentos foram submetidos à análise de regressão. Os resultados indicam que o alecrim-pimenta apresenta resposta positiva ao aumento da lâmina d'água aplicada. O tratamento responsável pelo maior índice de eficiência do uso da água, foi o tratamento 6 (1,65 ETo), com 1,26 kg m-3 para a produção de matéria fresca em função da lâmina aplicada. A produtividade de óleo essencial foi de 59,12 kg ha-1 aos 120 dias após transplantio, para o tratamento 7 (1,9 ETo). Os coeficientes de cultura (Kc) médios determinados em todo o ciclo da cultura, variaram de 0,98 na fase inicial, 1,20 no desenvolvimento vegetativo e 1,52 no florescimento.

The aim of this study was to determine the crop coefficient (Kc), water use efficiency (WUE) of the Lippia sidoides Cham. contemplating the production of biomass and essential oil and growth parameters. The experiment was conducted in drainage lysimeter at the Instituto de Ciências Agrárias of the Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, at Montes Claros, MG. The experimental design was randomized blocks, with the treatments corresponding to seven water depths (0.5; 0.75; 1.0; 1.2; 1.4; 1.65 and 1.9 ETo), and three replications. The potential evapotranspiration of reference used in the calculation of the irrigation was obtained by the Penman Monteith method. The treatments were submitted to regression analysis. The results indicate that Lippia sidoides Cham has a positive response with increased water depth applied. The treatment 6 (1.65 ETo) was the one with the highest efficiency rate of water use, with 1.26 kg m-3 for the production of fresh weight as a function of the water depth. The yield of essential oil was 59.12 kg ha-1 at 120 days after transplanting, for treatment 7 (1,9 ETo). The mean crop coefficients (Kc) determined throughout the crop cycle ranged from 0.98 in the initial phase, 1.20 and 1.52 in vegetative growth during flowering.

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12.

Recomendações do Departamento de Neuroendocrinologia da Sociedade Brasileira de Endocrinologia e Metabologia para o diagnóstico e tratamento da acromegalia no Brasil
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Vieira Neto, Leonardo

; Abucham, Julio

; Araujo, Luiz Antônio de

; Boguszewski, Cesar L.

; Bronstein, Marcello D.

; Czepielewski, Mauro

; Jallad, Raquel S.

; Musolino, Nina R. de C.

; Naves, Luciana A.

; Ribeiro-Oliveira Júnior, Antônio

; Vilar, Lucio

; Faria, Manuel dos S.

; Gadelha, Mônica R.

Arquivos Brasileiros de Endocrinologia & Metabologia

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mar 2011, Volume 55 N. 2 Pages 91 - 105

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

A acromegalia é uma doença associada à elevada morbidade e à redução da expectativa de vida. Em virtude do seu caráter insidioso e do seu não reconhecimento, o diagnóstico é frequentemente realizado com atraso, o que, associado às complicações relacionadas ao excesso do GH/IGF-I, determina elevada morbimortalidade. No entanto, um diagnóstico precoce e um tratamento efetivo minimizam a morbidade e normalizam a taxa de mortalidade. Nesta publicação, o objetivo do Departamento de Neuroendocrinologia da Sociedade Brasileira de Endocrinologia e Metabologia é divulgar quando suspeitar clinicamente da acromegalia e como diagnosticá-la. Além disso, discute-se a maneira mais eficaz e segura de realizar o tratamento da acromegalia, enfatizando que este deve ser realizado em centros de referência. Assim, com base em dados publicados em periódicos de nível científico reconhecido e na experiência dos autores, são apresentadas as recomendações para o diagnóstico e tratamento da doença.

Acromegaly is a disease associated with increased morbidity and reduced life expectancy. Because of its insidious character and its non-recognition, the diagnosis is often made with delay, which, along with the complications related to GH/IGF-I excess, determines high morbidity and mortality. However, an early diagnosis and an effective treatment reduce the morbidity and normalize the mortality rate. In this publication, the goal of Neuroendocrinology Department from Brazilian Society of Endocrinology and Metabolism is to disclose which clinical set should arouse the suspicious of acromegaly and how to diagnose it. Furthermore, we discuss the most effective and safe approach to perform the treatment of acromegaly, emphasizing that it must be carried out in reference centers. Therefore, based on data published in journals with recognized scientific level and authors' experience, recommendations are presented for diagnosis and treatment of the disease.

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13.

Cytogenetic characterization of Rhomboplites aurorubens and Ocyurus chrysurus, two monotypic genera of Lutjaninae from Cubagua Island, Venezuela, with a review of the cytogenetics of Lutjanidae (Teleostei: Perciformes)
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Nirchio, Mauro

; Oliveira, Claudio

; Ferreira, Daniela C.

; Rondón, Rodolfo

; Pérez, Julio E.

; Hett, Anne Kathrin

; Rossi, Anna Rita

; Sola, Luciana

Neotropical Ichthyology

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2009, Volume 7 N. 4 Pages 587 - 594

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Lutjanidae, comumente conhecidos como snappers, inclui 105 espécies, reunidas em quatro subfamílias. A despeito do grande número de espécies e de sua distribuição mundial, a família tem sido pouco estudada e as relações filogenéticas entre alguns de seus gêneros e espécies ainda é motivo de debates. Apenas um pequeno número de espécies foi citogeneticamente analisada. Esse estudo apresenta a primeira descrição do cariótipo de Rhomboplites aurorubens assim como dados relativos à distribuição de heterocromatina constitutiva e localização dos genes 18S rRNA e 5S rRNA. Espécimes de Ocyurus chrysurus da Venezuela foram também analisados quanto às mesmas características citogenéticas. Ambas as espécies têm cariótipos compostos de 48 cromossomos com um único braço, entretanto R. aurorubens tem um único par de cromossomos subtelocêntrico, o menor do complemento cromossômico, entre os outros cromossomos acrocêntricos. A heterocromatina C-positiva é limitada à região pericentromérica de todos os cromossomos. Ambas as species apresentam um único par com Regiões Organizadoras de Nucléolo, mas as RONs são localizadas em posições diferentes, em posição terminal no braço curto dos menores cromossomos de R. aurorubens e em posição paracentromérica no braço longo de um par de cromossomos grandes de O. chrysurus. Em O. chrysurus, os genes 5S rDNA estão localizados em um par de cromossomos de tamanho médio, enquanto em R. aurorubens eles são sintenicamente localizados com os genes 18S rDNA no par de cromossomos número 24. Os dados citogenéticos obtidos, junto com os dados morfológicos e moleculares disponíveis para a família reforçam a proposta de sinonimizar o gênero Ocyurus com Lutjanus. Uma revisão da citogenética dos Lutjanidae é também apresentada

Lutjanidae, commonly known as snappers, includes 105 species, grouped in four subfamilies. In spite of the high number of species and of its worldwide distribution, the family has been little investigated and the phylogenetic relationships among some of its genera and species are still cause for debate. Only a small number of the species has been cytogenetically analysed. This study reports the first description of the karyotype of Rhomboplites aurorubens as well as data concerning the distribution of the constitutive heterochromatin and the location of the 18S rRNA and the 5S rRNA genes. Specimens of Ocyurus chrysurus from Venezuela were also investigated for the same cytogenetic features. Both species have a 48 uniarmed karyotype, but R. aurorubens has a single subtelocentric chromosome pair, the smallest of the chromosome complement, among the other acrocentric chromosomes. The C-positive heterochromatin is limited to the pericentromeric regions of all chromosomes. Both species show a single chromosome pair bearing the Nucleolus Organizer Regions, but NORs are differently located, in a terminal position on the short arms of the smallest chromosomes in R. aurorubens and in a paracentromeric position in a chromosome pair of large size in O. chrysurus. In O. chrysurus, the 5S rDNA gene cluster is located on a medium-sized chromosome pair, whereas in R. aurorubens it is syntenic with the 18S rDNA gene cluster on chromosome pair number 24. The obtained cytogenetic data, along with previous cytogenetic, morphological and molecular data for the family, reinforce the proposal to synonymize genus Ocyurus with Lutjanus. A review of Lutjanidae cytogenetics is also included.

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14.

Crescimento e características anatômicas de cafeeiro (Coffea arabica L.) e seringueira (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.) em diferentes sistemas de cultivo: monocultivo e consórcio
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Oliveira, Cláudio Roberto Meira de

; Soares, Angela Maria

; Oliveira, Luiz Edson Mota de

; Castro, Evaristo Mauro de

; Barbosa, João Paulo R. Alves Delfino

Ciência e Agrotecnologia

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apr 2004, Volume 28 N. 2 Pages 350 - 357

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Objetivou-se avaliar neste trabalho as influências do sistema de cultivo em plantas de seringueiras (Hevea brasiliensis Muell Arg.) e de cafeeiros (Coffea arabica L.) na fase de estabelecimento do plantio. Foram avaliadas características de crescimento das plantas de seringueira e a estrutura foliar de cafeeiros e seringueiras em condições de monocultivo e dois tipos de consórcio: renque e margem. Pela análise dos resultados obtidos evidenciou-se que o sistema de cultivo não influenciou o padrão de crescimento das plantas de seringueira. Em geral, o sistema de cultivo não influenciou a anatomia foliar dos cafeeiros nessa fase do cultivo.

This study aimed to evaluate the influence of the cropping system in anatomical characteristics and growth of the rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.) and coffee (Coffea arabica L.), in the beginning of the cultivation period. It was evaluated the growth characteristics of rubber tree plants and the leaf structure in both species in single and intercropped cultivation. The results showed that the cropping system did not influence the rubber tree. In general, the cropping system did not influence the coffee leaf structure, in that developmental phase of cultivation.

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15.

Avaliação integrada do impacto do uso de agrotóxicos sobre a saúde humana em uma comunidade agrícola de Nova Friburgo, RJ
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Moreira, Josino C.

; Jacob, Silvana C.

; Peres, Frederico

; Lima, Jaime S.

; Meyer, Armando

; Oliveira-Silva, Jefferson J.

; Sarcinelli, Paula N.

; Batista, Darcilio F.

; Egler, Mariana

; Faria, Mauro V. Castro

; Araújo, Alberto José de

; Kubota, Alexandre H.

; Soares, Mônica de O.

; Alves, Sergio R.

; Moura, Cláudia M.

; Curi, Rosane

Ciência & Saúde Coletiva

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2002, Volume 7 N. 2 Pages 299 - 311

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

O impacto do uso de agrotóxicos sobre a saúde humana é um problema que tem merecido atenção da comunidade científica em todo o mundo, sobretudo nos países em desenvolvimento. O consumo de agrotóxicos na região sudeste do Brasil está estimado em 12kg de agrotóxico/trabalhador/ano. Em algumas áreas agrícolas do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, como na região da Microbacia do Córrego de São Lourenço, Nova Friburgo, o consumo de agrotóxico foi estimado em 56kg de agrotóxico/trabalhador/ano. Elevados níveis de contaminação humana e ambiental foram encontrados nesta região, como decorrência do uso extensivo destes agentes químicos. A avaliação do impacto sobre a saúde humana implica o conhecimento e a visualização da importância/magnitude relativa de cada uma das vias de contaminação. Inúmeros fatores, que, em geral, encontram-se inter-relacionados, contribuem para a situação encontrada na Microbacia do Córrego de São Lourenço e a forma mais adequada de se avaliar toda a dimensão deste problema é o uso de uma abordagem integrada.

Environmental and human difficulties caused by pesticides used in agriculture are important health issues worldwide, specially in the developing countries. Pesticide consumption in Southeast Brazil is estimated in 12kg/worker/year. In the São Lourenço Valley, Rio de Janeiro State, pesticide consumption is estimated at some 56kg/worker/year. High levels of human and environmental contamination caused by these products were found in the area. Many factors were shown as determinants of this situation, such as: pesticides with different formulations used with insufficient or even non-existent supervision or technical advice; intensive marketing activities place the responsibility for correct use and disposal of these chemicals on farm workers with low education levels typical of rural areas in Brazil, resulting in widespread human and environmental contamination. The evaluation of those loosely inter-related factors help shape the current situation in the São Lourenço Valley, indicating that the only way to really understand and assess the problem as a whole is through an integrative (transdisciplinary) approach.

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