Abstract This research aimed to characterize the syrup from Yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius (Poepp.) H. Rob.) roots as a rich source of prebiotic fructooligosaccharide (FOS) and, thus, to formulate and characterize a gelatin-based coating enriched with Yacon syrup and to apply this coating on minimally processed melons. Then, the minimally processed melons were stored for 6 days at 10 °C and they were evaluated regarding their storage potential through quality, sensory and microbiological attributes, and bioavailability of FOS. Yacon syrup presents 17.22% of FOS, high antioxidant ferric reducing oxidant power (FRAP) and 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) activities, 60.88% of sugars, 66.25% of carbohydrates, 2,148.1 µg kg−1 of chlorogenic acid, and 13,897.2 µg gallic acid kg−1 of phenolic contents. The incorporation of 10% Yacon syrup in the gelatin matrix increased coating thickness, accentuated the yellow color, increased the hydrophilic character, and lowered moisture. Yacon syrup-enriched gelatin matrix coating preserved the postharvest quality of minimally processed melon for 5 days at 10 °C with increased functional properties due to FOS bioavailability and higher total phenolic and carotenoid contents.

RESUMO Este estudo descreve aspectos epidemiológicos da Síndrome Inflamatória Multissistêmica Pediátrica (SIM-P) associada à Covid-19 e óbitos por Covid-19 em crianças (0-9 anos de idade) e adolescentes (10-19 anos de idade). As fontes de dados, de 2020-2021, foram os Sistemas de Vigilância Epidemiológica para SIM-P e de Informação sobre Mortalidade para Covid-19, gerenciados pelo Ministério da Saúde. Foram notificados 1.503 casos, mais frequentes em crianças (77%) do que em adolescentes (23%); e 93 óbitos por SIM-P em 26 das 27 Unidades da Federação. O maior número de casos em crianças foi notificado em São Paulo (268), contudo, a maior incidência ocorreu no Distrito Federal (7,8/100 mil habitantes). A proporção de óbitos por SIM-P foi 5,4% em crianças e 8,7% em adolescentes. No período avaliado, houve 2.329 óbitos por Covid-19 em menores de 20 anos de idade, com maior taxa em adolescentes (4,4/100 mil habitantes) do que em crianças (2,7/100 mil habitantes), com maiores taxas em Roraima. Recomenda-se intensificação da imunização contra Covid-19 nessa população, aumentando a proteção contra os efeitos negativos dessa doença e da SIM-P, que podem apresentar consequências em curto, médio e/ou longo prazo, de modo a não comprometer a inserção plena destes cidadãos na sociedade.

ABSTRACT This study describes epidemiological aspects of the Multisystemic Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) associated with COVID-19 and mortality by COVID-19 in children (0-9 years old) and adolescents (10-19 years old). The data sources, for 2020-2021, were the Epidemiological Surveillance System for MIS-C and Mortality Information System for COVID-19, both managed by the Ministry of Health. There were 1,503 cases, more frequent in children (77%) than in adolescents (23%), and 93 reported deaths due to MIS-C in 26 of the 27 States of the Country. The highest number of cases in children was reported in São Paulo (268), but the highest incidence took place in the Federal District (7.8 per 100,000 inhabitants). The rate of deaths due to MIS-C was 5.4% in children and 8.7% in adolescents. There were 2,329 deaths due to COVID-19 in the population under 20 years old, with a higher rate in adolescents (4.4 per 100,000 inhabitants) than in children (2.7); the highest rate occurred in Roraima. We recommend intensifying immunization against COVID-19 in such population, increasing protection against the negative effects of COVID-19 and MIS-C, which may have short, medium and/or long-term consequences, so as not to compromise the full integration of these citizens into society.

RESUMO Objetivou-se comparar o comportamento da Covid-19 em Manaus e Fortaleza, dois epicentros da pandemia em 2020, analisando medidas legais dos governos locais e níveis de isolamento social. Definiu-se um algoritmo para calcular o Índice de Permanência Domiciliar (IPD), com dados do Google Mobility Report. Analisaram-se a linha do tempo dos decretos, a evolução do IPD, da incidência de Covid-19 e do número de óbitos de março/2020 a janeiro/2021. A população de Fortaleza esteve exposta a medidas de distanciamento social mais consistentes que as de Manaus. Foi observado, de março a maio de 2020, uma maior permanência domiciliar, e Fortaleza atingiu níveis mais elevados e duradouros. A partir de junho, o IPD caiu, sobretudo em Manaus, atingindo níveis abaixo de zero no final de dezembro. Devido a isso, o governo decretou amplo isolamento em Manaus em 23/12/2020, mas após protestos, revogou-o em 26/12/2020. Uma decisão judicial determinava o fechamento completo em Manaus em 02/01/2021, mas foi tarde demais: o SUS entrou em colapso com aumento exponencial dos óbitos. Em Fortaleza, a demanda aos serviços de saúde estava elevada, mas sob controle. Considerou-se que somente a aplicação rigorosa de medidas não farmacológicas e imunização em massa poderiam evitar mais mortes.

ABSTRACT This article aims to compare the evolution of Covid-19 in Manaus and Fortaleza, two epicenters of the pandemic in 2020, analyzing legal measures by local governments and levels of social isolation. An algorithm was defined to calculate the Homestay Index (HSI), using data from the Google Mobility Report. We analyzed the decree’s timeline, the HSI evolution, the Covid-19 incidence and the number of deaths from March/2020 to January/2021. The population of Fortaleza was exposed to more consistent measures of social distancing than that of Manaus. Longer homestay was observed from March to May 2020 and Fortaleza achieved higher and more lasting levels. As of June 2020, the HSI fell, notably in Manaus, reaching levels below zero in late December. As an aggravating factor, the government decreed broad isolation in Manaus on December 23, 2020, but after protests it was repealed on December 26, 2020. A judicial decision determined the complete closure in Manaus on January 2nd 2021, but it was too late: the SUS collapsed with an exponential increase in deaths. In Fortaleza, the demand for health services was high, but under control. We consider that only the strict application of non-pharmacological measures and mass immunization can prevent further deaths.