Abstract Due to the vast area of application and reliability, fiber optic magnetic field sensors have been the subject of several studies, however, some of these application areas are submitted to temperature variations, which can hinder the sensors in monitoring the magnetic field. With this panorama, this work analyzes through computational modeling a fiber optical magnetic field sensor, using the magneto-optical Faraday effect and observing temperature effects in the sensor response. For modeling, a numerical model built in COMSOL Multiphysics is used. The results show a value for cross-sensitivity of 3.27 mT/°C in a non-optimized configuration of the sensor and of 2.47 mT/°C for an optimized configuration. A methodology for optimizing the sensor to operate in a certain temperature range, 55 to 75 °C, is also discussed. The results presented in this work show that the temperature is an important factor to be considered to improve the selectivity and to obtain the correct sensitivity of the sensor.

Abstract Introduction The Hawaiian canoe has numerous bene-fits for those who use it. Furthermore, it is considered a moderate/high-intensity cyclic sport that can cause injuries. Studies on factors associated with injuries in Hawaiian canoe paddlers are considered limited and scarce. Objective To identify the profile of canoe paddlers and determine the main factors associated with injuries. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted with 100 Hawaiian canoe paddlers (54% females, 45.6 ± 10.0 years old; 46% males, 44.8 ± 11.7 years old) using an online survey, with questions on sociodemographic and anthropometric information and practice and injuries. Results Participants reported having at least four years of experience with the modality, training approximately four times a week for a total of six hours. Almost half (45%) of the sample reported having been injured at least once while canoeing. The back/spine was the body region with the highest injury prevalence, with 38.6%. Intense training was considered the only associated factor for injuries (odds ratio: 3.98; 95% confidence interval: 1.71 - 9.26). Conclusion This pioneering study in Brazil allowed us to profile Hawaiian canoe paddlers and identify the main factors associated with injuries. Paddlers who train intensely are more likely to develop injuries during practice. Therefore, this variable must be considered when planning sessions.

Resumo Introdução A canoagem havaiana apresenta inúmeros benefícios para os praticantes. Apesar disso, é uma prática considerada com gestos cíclicos, realizada com intensidade moderada/intensa e que pode ocasionar lesões. As evidências sobre os fatores associados às lesões em remadores de canoa havaiana são consideradas limitadas e escassas. Objetivo Identificar o perfil dos remadores brasileiros de canoa havaiana e verificar os fatores associados às lesões. Métodos Trata-se de um estudo transversal conduzido em 100 remadores de canoa havaiana (54% sexo feminino, 46,2 ± 8,5 anos; 46% do sexo masculino, 44,8 ± 11,7 anos) por meio de uma pesquisa online. O instrumento utilizado continha perguntas sobre as variáveis sociodemográ-ficas, antropométricas, prática da modalidade e lesões. Resultados Os participantes reportaram ter experiência de pelo menos quatro anos com a modalidade, treinando aproximadamente quatro vezes por semana e totalizando seis horas de treino semanal. Quarenta e cinco por cento da amostra relatou ter sido lesionada pelo menos uma vez durante a prática da modalidade. As costas/coluna foi a região corporal com maior prevalência de lesão, com 38,6%. Treinos intensos foram considerados os únicos fatores associados para lesões (razão de chance: 3,98; intervalo de confiança: 1,71 - 9,26). Conclusão Este estudo pioneiro no Brasil permitiu traçar o perfil dos remadores de canoa havaiana, bem como identificar os principais fatores associados a lesões. Remadores que treinam intensamente estão mais propensos a desenvolver lesões durante a prática, portanto, esta variável deve ser levada em consideração no planejamento das sessões.

ABSTRACT Baru tree (Dipteryx alata) is an arboreal, fruitful plant native to the Cerrado biome with an important socioeconomic impact. Populations of this species are a good model to study anthropogenic disturbances on the biome through the genetic information. In this study, we developed seven new polymorphic microsatellite markers for D. alata, using an enriched genomic library. We performed loci characterization in three populations, obtaining a total of 49 alleles, with an average of 5 to 5.57 alleles per locus. A significant content of polymorphic information was obtained, as indicated by the average expected heterozygosity (uHE), with a total average of 0.58 to 0.65 per locus. The average value of the observed heterozygosity (Ho) was also high, with a total average of 0.73 to 0.85 per locus. Some of the loci are in linkage disequilibrium, such as DalatG6 with DalatB3, DalatH3 and DalatB4. The estimate of the combined loci for the probability of paternity exclusion obtained an average value of 1.00 for all loci, and the average combined probability of identity, the values were (1.210^-5) to (4.410^-6). All markers are informative and suitable for studies on genetic diversity and population structure, aiming at the conservation and management of the species.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Bishop-Koop ileostomy has been widely used in pediatric patients with the intention of including as much bowel as possible in the intestinal transit early in the management of children with meconium ileus and intestinal atresia. In recent years, we have been using it as an alternative to test the distal bowel function before closure of a previously constructed ostomy in selected children with questionable distal bowel motility. AIMS: The aim of this study was to present our experience with this alternative use of the Bishop-Koop ostomy. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional retrospective review of hospital records, combined with a comprehensive literature review. RESULTS: Seven children were included: five had suspected aganglionosis, one had gastroschisis complicated with ileal atresia, and one had a colonic stricture secondary to necrotizing enterocolitis. In this short series of patients, motility of the distal bowel was correctly assessed in six patients and partially correctly assessed in one patient. One patient did not pass stools per anus after the Bishop-Koop, and he was later confirmed to have Hirschsprung disease. Four patients resumed normal evacuation pattern after closure of the Bishop-Koop. One patient had a Bishop-Koop colostomy because of recurrent enterocolitis after a transanal pull-through. Although he evacuated normally while having the colostomy, the diarrhea recurred after the ostomy was closed. An additional patient, with a severe behavioral problem, did not evacuate per anus after her colostomy was transformed in a Bishop-Koop-type ostomy, despite the apparent presence of normal ganglia in the bowel wall. CONCLUSIONS: Data from the present series allow us to affirm that Bishop-Koop-type ostomy is a safe and efficient procedure that can be used to assess distal bowel function before a definitive transit reconstruction, in children with uncertain motility issues.

RESUMO RACIONAL: A ileostomia Bishop-Koop foi amplamente utilizada em pacientes pediátricos com a intenção de incluir o máximo de intestino possível no trânsito intestinal no manejo inicial de recém-nascidos com íleo meconial e atresia intestinal. Nos últimos anos, temos usado-a como alternativa para testar a função intestinal distal antes do fechamento de uma ostomia, em algumas crianças com motilidade intestinal distal questionável. OBJETIVOS: Apresentar nossa experiência com este uso alternativo da ostomia Bishop-Koop. MÉTODOS: Revisão retrospectiva dos registros hospitalares, combinada com uma revisão abrangente da literatura. RESULTADOS: Sete crianças foram incluídas: cinco tinham suspeita de aganglionose, uma tinha gastrosquise complicada com atresia ileal e uma tinha estenose de colon secundária à NEC. Nesta pequena série de pacientes, a motilidade do intestino distal foi corretamente avaliada em 6 pacientes e parcialmente avaliada em um. Um paciente não evacuou por ânus após o Bishop-Koop e mais tarde foi confirmado que ele tinha doença de Hirschsprung. Seis pacientes retomaram o padrão normal de evacuação após o fechamento do Bishop-Koop. Um paciente que fez uma colostomia Bishop-Koop por causa de enterocolite recorrente após um abaixamento transanal, recidivou a enterocolite após o fechamento definitivo. CONCLUSÕES: A ostomia tipo Bishop-Koop é um procedimento seguro e eficaz que pode ser utilizado para avaliar a função intestinal distal antes de uma reconstrução definitiva do trânsito em crianças com problemas de motilidade intestinal.

ABSTRACT: Vaccination has been used to prevent the losses associated with Bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) infection but passively acquired antibodies may compromise vaccine efficacy. Intranasal immunization (IN) of calves with modified live viral BoHV-1 vaccines has proven to overcome the acquired passive antibodies and confer adequate protection. Herein, we evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of a glycoprotein E-deleted Brazilian BoHV-1 strain (BoHV-1gEΔ) for IN immunization of calves. Ten 1-to-2 months-old calves with virus-neutralizing titers (VN) ranging from 2-64 were immunized IN with viable BoHV-1gEΔ (107.1 TCID50) and four remained as unvaccinated controls (VN titers 8-32). After IN immunization, calves presented a transient (2-6 days) mild nasal secretion and shed the vaccine virus in nasal secretions in low titers (<102.6TCID50/mL) for 4-8 days. Interestingly, the vaccinated calves did not show an increase in VN titers after vaccination. Rather, they presented a gradual reduction in serum VN antibodies in the following weeks - similarly to unvaccinated controls. Upon IN challenge with a virulent heterologous BoHV-1 strain at day 55 post-immunization (107.63TCID50), vaccinated calves shed significantly less virus from day 6 post-challenge onwards (p < 0.07) and for a shorter period of time than the controls (p < 0.0024). Importantly, both the duration and intensity of clinical signs were reduced in vaccinated animals. In addition, vaccinated calves showed an abrupt raise in VN titers post-challenge, indicating adequate immunological priming by vaccination. In summary, immunization of calves harboring passive antibodies with BoHV-1gEΔ by the IN route was able to prime the immunity to afford partial virological and clinical protection upon challenge.

RESUMO: A vacinação tem sido usada para prevenir perdas associadas à infecção pelo alfaherpesvírus bovino 1 (BoHV-1), embora anticorpos adquiridos passivamente possam comprometer a eficácia das vacinas. A imunização intranasal (IN) de bezerros com vacinas de BoHV-1 vivas modificadas pode contornar o obstáculo relacionado à presença de anticorpos adquiridos passivamente, conferindo proteção aos animais vacinados. Nesse contexto, avaliou-se a segurança e imunogenicidade de uma cepa brasileira de BoHV-1 com deleção no gene da glicoproteína E (BoHV-1gEΔ) na imunização IN de bezerros. Dez bezerros, de um a dois meses de idade e com títulos neutralizantes (VN) variando de 2-64, foram inoculados IN com BoHV-1gEΔ (107,1TCID50), e quatro permaneceram como controles não vacinados (títulos de VN 8-32). Após a instilação IN, os bezerros apresentaram secreção nasal transitória leve (2-6 dias) e excretaram o vírus vacinal nas secreções nasais em baixos títulos (<102,6TCID50/mL) por 4-8 dias. Interessantemente, os bezerros vacinados não apresentaram aumento nos títulos de anticorpos neutralizantes após a vacinação. Em vez disso, eles apresentaram uma redução gradual nos anticorpos neutralizantes séricos nas semanas seguintes - semelhante aos controles não vacinados. Após o desafio IN com uma cepa BoHV-1 virulenta heteróloga no dia 55 pós-imunização (107,63TCID50), os bezerros vacinados excretaram o vírus em títulos menores a partir do sexto dia pós-desafio (p < 0,07) e por um período de tempo menor do que o observado nos controles (p < 0,0024). É importante notar que tanto a duração quanto a intensidade dos sinais clínicos foram reduzidas nos animais vacinados. Além disso, os bezerros vacinados apresentaram um aumento abrupto nos títulos neutralizantes após o desafio, indicando uma imunização adequada por BoHV-1gEΔ. Em resumo, a imunização IN de bezerros com anticorpos passivos com a cepa BoHV-1gEΔ foi capaz de estimular a imunidade, proporcionando proteção virológica e clínica parciais após o desafio.

Resumo Contexto: No século XIX assistimos à modernização hospitalar, à afirmação da ciência médica, e ao desenvolvimento exponencial da atividade dos enfermeiros. Objetivo: Contribuir para o conhecimento dos enfermeiros, em Portugal, no século de Nightingale. Metodologia: Histórica com análise e explicação de um passado acedido através do exame das suas marcas e da sua representação mental. Considerando não uma simples narrativa, mas uma descrição, tanto quanto possível explicativa. Resultados: Transformação ao longo de todo o século, da atividade dos enfermeiros, visível no espaço conquistado nas estruturas hospitalares, na criação do ensino, num movimento lento em direção à plena profissionalização. Conclusão: No século de Nightingale, um contínuo de profissionalização e disciplinar dos saberes, que está na origem da enfermagem como profissão e disciplina de conhecimento.

Resumen Contexto: En el siglo XIX se asiste a la modernización hospitalaria, la afirmación de la ciencia médica y el desarrollo exponencial de la actividad enfermera. Objetivo: Conocer la actividad de las enfermeras en el siglo Nightingale. Metodología: Histórica con análisis y explicación de un pasado al que se accede mediante el examen de sus marcas y representación mental. No se considera una simple narración, sino una descripción lo más explicativa posible. Resultados: A lo largo del siglo se produjo una transformación de la actividad enfermera, visible en el espacio de las estructuras hospitalarias, la creación de la docencia y en un lento movimiento hacia la plena profesionalización. Conclusión: En el siglo de Nightingale, se inicia una continua profesionalización y disciplina de saberes, que es el origen de la enfermería como profesión y disciplina del conocimiento.

Abstract Context: In the 19th century, we witnessed hospital modernization, the affirmation of medical science, and the exponential development of nurses’ activities. Objective: To know the activity of nurses in the Nightingale century. Methodology: Historical with analysis and explanation of a past accessed through the examination of its marks and mental representation. Considering not a simple narrative, but a description, as much as possible explanatory. Results: Transformation throughout the century, of the activity of nurses, visible in the space conquered in hospital structures, in the creation of teaching, in a slow movement towards full professionalization. Conclusion: In the Nightingale century, a continuation of professionalization and disciplinary knowledge, which is the origin of nursing as a profession and knowledge discipline.

Abstract Objective: Postoperative cognitive dysfunction may result from worsening in a condition of previous impairment. It causes greater difficulty in recovery, longer hospital stays, and consequent delay in returning to work activities. Digital games have a potential neuromodulatory and rehabilitation effect. In this study, a digital game was used as a neuropsychological test to assess postoperative cognitive dysfunction, with preoperative patient performance as control. Methods: It was a non-controlled study, with patients selected among candidates for elective non-cardiac surgery, evaluated in the preand postoperative periods. The digital game used has six phases developed to evaluate selective attention, alternating attention, visuoperception, inhibitory control, short-term memory, and long-term memory. The digital game takes about 25 minutes. Scores are the sum of correct answers in each cognitive domain. Statistical analysis compared these cognitive functions preand post-surgery using a generalized linear mixed model (ANCOVA). Results: Sixty patients were evaluated, 40% male and 60% female, with a mean age of 52.7 ± 13.5 years. Except for visuoperception, a reduction in post-surgery scores was found in all phases of the digital game. Conclusion: The digital game was able to detect decline in several cognitive functions postoperatively. As its completion is faster than in conventional tests on paper, this digital game may be a potentially recommended tool for assessing patients, especially the elderly and in the early postoperative period.

Abstract Objective: Cognitive dysfunction may occur postoperatively. Fast and efficient assessment of Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction (POCD) can minimize loss of quality of life, and therefore, a study comparing a digital game with standard neuropsychological tests to assess executive, mnemonic, and attention functions to evaluate POCD seems to be relevant both for research and clinical practice. Methods: A battery of standardized tests and a digital game (MentalPlus®) were administered to 60 patients at the Central Institute of Hospital das Clínicas in São Paulo (36 women and 24 men), with ages between 29 and 82 years, preand post-surgery performed under anesthesia. Correlation and linear regression model were used to compare the scores obtained from the standardized tests to the scores of the six executive and cognitive functions evaluated by the game (shortand long-term memory, selective and alternating attention, inhibitory control, and visual perception). Results: After correlation analysis, a statistically significant result was found mainly for the correlation between the scores from the phase of the digital game assessing the visuoperception function and the scores from the A and B cards of the Stroop Test (p < 0.001, r = 0.99 and r = 0.64, respectively), and the scores from TMTA (p = 0.0046, r = 0.51). We also found a moderate correlation between the phase of the game assessing short-memory function and VVLT (p < 0.001, r = 0.41). No statistically significant correlations were found for the other functions assessed. Conclusion: The digital game provided scores in agreement with standardized tests for evaluating visual perception and possibly short-term memory cognitive functions. Further studies are necessary to verify the correlation of other phases of the digital game with standardized tests assessing cognitive functions.

Resumo: Este artigo investiga os impactos socioeconômicos potenciais que as mudanças climáticas projetadas para 2040 podem ter sobre a agricultura e a economia brasileira nas suas diferentes regiões. Para isso, é usado um modelo de EGC inter-regional dinâmico recursivo, calibrado para o ano de 2010. São considerados dois cenários de mudança climática: um Intermediário (RCP4.5) – menos severo – e outro Pessimista (RCP8.5) – mais severo. A principal distinção em relação aos estudos anteriores para o Brasil é o uso de estimativas de perda de área apta para culturas agrícolas, baseadas em projeções para o padrão regional de mudanças climáticas do 5º relatório do IPCC (o mais recente). Os resultados sugerem que as mudanças climáticas deverão provocar retração no PIB real do Brasil em ambos os cenários, mas esta deverá ser mais intensa no cenário Intermediário; sinalizam também que as perdas serão maiores para as famílias mais pobres e para as regiões cuja economia é mais dependente da agricultura, em particular do cultivo da soja, e que o consumo real e o bem-estar das famílias da região Centro-Oeste e parte do Nordeste (onde a cultura da soja é mais representativa) serão mais afetados do que em outras regiões do Brasil.

Abstract: This paper investigates the potential socioeconomic impacts of the climate change projected for 2040 may have on agriculture and on the Brazilian economy, in its different regions. Thus, we used a recursive dynamic interregional CGE model calibrated for 2010. We considered two scenarios of climate change, an Intermediate Scenario (RCP4.5) - less severe - and a Pessimistic Scenario (RCP8.5) - more severe. The main distinction in relation to previous studies performed in Brazil is the estimates of areas that become unviable for agricultural crops, based on projections for the regional pattern of climate change of the 5th and most recent IPCC report. Results suggest that climate change should cause Brazil's real GDP to shrink in both simulated scenarios, but this should be more intense in the Intermediate Scenario. Results also point out that the losses will be greater for poorer households and for regions whose economy is more dependent on agriculture and, in particular, on soybean; and that the actual consumption and well-being of households in the Midwest and part of the Northeast (in the part where the soybean crop is most representative) will be more affected than in other regions of Brazil.

ABSTRACT A 6-year field monitoring study was designed to compare the presence of fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), leaf injury, its parasitoids, 100 seed weight, and seed yield of Bt maize hybrids approved for commercialization in the Brazilian market. Field trials were planted in two municipalities, divided into two periods, from 2011 to 2014 (period I), and due to the approval of different Bt hybrids, from 2015 to 2016 (period II). Treatments were Bt, non-Bt maize and all non-Bt maize sprayed with insecticide methomyl. Six Bt-maize hybrids were planted, expressing the following proteins: Cry1Ab, Cry1F, Cry1A.105 (Cry1Ab +Cry1Ac +Cry1F), Cry2Ab2a and Vip3. In 2015 and 2016 Bt Powercore was planted due to its commercial approval. The number of S. frugiperda larvae for most Bt hybrids was lower than on non-Bt hybrids, except for Fórmula TL and Herculex in period II, in both municipalities. In period I, Bt hybrids VT, VT 2 and Viptera showed almost no injury on their leaves, despite the high number of fall armyworm larvae found in plants. Different parasitoids emerged from larvae from Bt and non Bt hybrids: Archytas sp., Campoletis sp., Chelonus sp., Eiphosoma sp. and Ophion luteus. The average 100 seed weight was higher in municipality from Sete Lagoas for all Bt hybrids, non-Bt hybrids and non-Bt hybrids sprayed with methomyl, when compared to Nova Porteirinha during period I. Fórmula TL, non-Bt Fórmula TL sprayed with methomyl, and non-Bt Fórmula TL showed the lowest seed yield in both municipalities and periods.

ABSTRACT. This study aimed to evaluate forage yield, tiller population density, canopy height, nutritional value as well as cattle performance in alternate stocking from three tropical forage cultivars. The experiment followed a randomized block design, in a 3 x 3 factorial scheme with three replications. Three forage cultivars (Marandu, Massai and Xaraés) distributed in nine hectares were evaluated in three dry season periods (transition wet/dry, dry, and end of dry season), with repeated measures over time. The following variables were evaluated: canopy height, leaf: stem ratio, forage mass, leaf mass, stem mass and dead material mass. Total digestible nutrients, crude protein and in vitro dry mass digestibility were evaluated regarding forage nutrition. Animal performance, using 36 eleven-month-old animals (half-blood Nelore), was evaluated by the daily average gain and weight gain by area. During pre-grazing, canopy height presented interaction among forage cultivars and the evaluated periods. The average daily gain showed no interaction among cultivars and period of the year the similarity in animal performance among the cultivars Marandu and Massai show that the Massai grass can be used as an alternative for forage diversification under an alternate management system.

Abstract Verruciform xanthoma (VX) is a rare benign lesion of unknown etiology, with a rough or papillary aspect, painless, sessile, well-defined, most lesions do not exceed 2 cm in their largest diameter, the degree of keratinization of the surface influences color, varying white to red, affecting mainly the gingiva and alveolar mucosa, and can also be seen in skin and genital. Herein, we present a report a clinical case of oral verruciform xanthoma in the buccal mucosa associated with the lichen planus lesion, as well as the morphological and immunohistochemical characteristics of the lesion. The clinical diagnostic hypothesis of oral lichen planus of the white reticular lesions on the buccal mucosa and on the tongue was confirmed by histopathology before a subepithelial connective tissue exhibiting intense inflammatory infiltrate in a predominantly lymphocytic band. In contrast, the hypothesis of the verrucous lesion in the left buccal mucosa was leukoplakia, with histopathological evidence showing exophytic and digitiform proliferations with parakeratin plugs between the papillary projections. Subepithelial connective tissue was characterized by macrophages with foamy cytoplasm (xanthoma cells). An immunohistochemical examination was performed, showing positivity for CD68, a macrophage marker, in addition to testing by Schiff's periodic acid (PAS) with diastasis, which was detected the presence of lipids inside these macrophages. The patient is free of recurrences of verruciform xanthoma and is being monitored due to the presence of lesions of oral lichen planus.

Abstract Objective: to analyze the factors that influence nurses’ decision-making process in Ibero-American university hospitals. Method: a case study with a qualitative approach and of the multicenter type, carried out with 30 Ibero-American nurses. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews, analyzed by thematic categories and interpreted according to the theoretical framework of Creating Effective Organizations. Results: it was identified that the decision-making process permeates the development of nurses’ own competencies, suffering influences from health management training and previous individual experiences. The following categories emerged: Technical-scientific preparation in decision-making; Hierarchization of the decision-making process; and Autonomous professional practice. Conclusion: the absence/presence of a rigid hierarchy, as well as technical-scientific preparation and autonomy, are factors that limit or expand the range of possibilities in nurses’ decision-making, with consequences in care management. Thus, discussions about this theme should be encouraged, in order to promote nurses’ autonomy for decision-making and favor a reduction of bureaucracy in the processes that prevent/hinder advances in these services.

Resumo Objetivo: analisar os fatores que influenciam o processo decisório de enfermeiros em hospitais universitários ibero-americanos. Método: estudo de caso, com abordagem qualitativa, do tipo multicêntrico, realizado com 30 enfermeiros ibero-americanos. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, analisados por categorias temáticas e interpretados de acordo com o referencial teórico da obra Criando Organizações Eficazes. Resultados: identificou-se que o processo decisório permeia o desenvolvimento de competências próprias dos enfermeiros, sofrendo influências da formação em gestão em saúde e de experiências individuais prévias. Emergiram as categorias: Preparo técnico-científico na tomada de decisão; Hierarquização do processo decisório; e Prática profissional autônoma. Conclusão: a ausência/presença de rígida hierarquização, bem como de preparo técnico-científico, e a autonomia são fatores que limitam ou ampliam a gama de possibilidades na tomada de decisão de enfermeiros, com reflexos na gestão do cuidado. Assim, discussões acerca dessa temática devem ser fomentadas, no intuito de promover a autonomia dos enfermeiros para a tomada de decisão e favorecer a desburocratização dos processos que impedem/dificultam os avanços nesses serviços.

Resumen Objetivo: analizar los factores que influyen en el proceso de toma de decisiones de los enfermeros en hospitales universitarios iberoamericanos. Método: estudio de caso, con enfoque cualitativo, de tipo multicéntrico, realizado con 30 enfermeros iberoamericanos. Los datos fueron recolectados mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas, analizados por categorías temáticas e interpretados según el marco teórico de la obra Diseño de Organizaciones Eficientes. Resultados: se identificó que el proceso de toma de decisiones permea el desarrollo de las competencias de los enfermeros, se ve influenciado por la formación en gestión en salud y las experiencias individuales previas. Surgieron las siguientes categorías: Preparación técnico-científica en la toma de decisiones; Jerarquización del proceso de toma de decisiones; y Ejercicio profesional autónomo. Conclusión: la ausencia/presencia de una jerarquización rígida, así como la preparación técnico-científica y la autonomía son factores que limitan o amplían el abanico de posibilidades en la toma de decisiones de los enfermeros, que se reflejan en la gestión del cuidado. Por lo tanto, hay que incentivar las discusiones sobre este tema, con el fin de promover la autonomía de los enfermeros para la toma de decisiones y favorecer la reducción de la burocracia en los procesos que impiden/dificultan el avance de estos servicios.

Abstract The exchange of letters between intellectuals during the 20th century became an effective means to circulate unpublished texts among modernist intellectuals. It is essential to highlight that if this was not a habit restricted to that historical moment, it developed considerably. Correspondence between the Brazilian Modernism members and the Argentine avant-garde reveals that the sharing of unpublished text was established between them as a constant practice. Luís da Câmara Cascudo, Monteiro Lobato, Mário de Andrade, Joaquim Inojosa, Braulio Sanchéz-Saes, and Luís E. Sotto were undoubtedly a few of these intellectuals. This article aims to study the action of Luís da Câmara Cascudo disseminating Brazilian modernism through Intellectual Argentina from 1922 to 1925.

Resumo A troca de missivas entre os intelectuais, no decorrer do século XX, se tornou um meio eficaz para a circulação de textos inéditos entre intelectuais modernistas. É importante destacar que, se este não foi um hábito restrito a esse momento histórico, desenvolveu-se de forma considerável nele. As correspondências trocadas entre os integrantes do Modernismo brasileiro e da vanguarda argentina revelam que a partilha do texto inédito se estabeleceu entre eles como uma prática constante. Luís da Câmara Cascudo, Monteiro Lobato, Mário de Andrade, Joaquim Inojosa, Braulio Sanchéz-Saes e Luís E. Sotto, foram, sem dúvida, alguns desses intelectuais. O artigo tem por objetivo estudar a ação de Luís da Câmara Cascudo na divulgação do modernismo brasileiro na Argentina Intelectual durante os anos de 1922 a 1925.

Abstract Background In the atherosclerotic plaque microenvironment, oxidized phospholipids expressed in the oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) surface bind to scavenger receptors of macrophages eliciting foam cell formation and plaque progression. Auto-antibodies against oxLDL (oxLDL-Ab) interact with oxidative epitopes leading to the formation of immune complexes that are unable to interact with macrophage receptors, thus abrogating atherogenesis. Release of oxLDL-Ab by B cells involves interleukin 5 and Th2 response, which in turn are potentiated by HDL. Thereby, we hypothesized that individuals with higher levels of HDL-C may plausibly display elevated titers of oxLDL-Ab. Objective To evaluate the relationship between HDL-C and oxLDL-Ab levels. Methods Asymptomatic individuals (n = 193) were grouped according to their HDL-C concentration to one of three categories: low (< 68 mg/dL), intermediate (68 to 80 mg/dL) or high (> 80 mg/dL). P values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results Our analysis included 193 individuals (mean age: 47 years; male: 26.3%). Compared to individuals in the lowest HDL-C tertile, those in the highest tertile were older (36 versus 53 years; p = 0.001) and less frequently male (42.6% versus 20.9%; p = 0.001). Mean values of oxLDL-Ab increased as the HDL-C group escalated (0.31, 0.33 and 0.43 units, respectively; p = 0.001 for trend). Simple linear regression found a significant, positive relationship between the independent variable, HDL-C, and the dependent variable, oxLDL-Ab (R = 0.293; p = 0.009). This relation remained significant (R = 0.30; p = 0.044), after adjustment by covariates. Apolipoprotein AI levels were also related to oxLDL-Ab in both simple and adjusted linear regression models. Conclusion HDL-C and oxLDL-Ab are independently related.

Resumo Fundamento No microambiente da placa aterosclerótica, os fosfolipídios oxidados expressos na superfície de lipoproteína de baixa densidade oxidada (oxLDL) se ligam a receptores scavenger em macrófagos provocando a formação de células espumosas e a progressão da placa. Autoanticorpos contra oxLDL (oxLDL-Ab) interagem com epítopos oxidativos levando à formação de imunocomplexos que são incapazes de interagir com receptores de macrófagos, assim suprimindo a aterogênese. A liberação de oxLDL-Ab pelas células B envolve a resposta da interleucina 5 e Th2, que por sua vez são potencializadas pela HDL. Assim, levantamos a hipótese de que indivíduos com níveis mais altos de HDL-C podem apresentar níveis elevados de oxLDL-Ab. Objetivo Avaliar a relação entre os níveis de HDL-C e oxLDL-Ab. Métodos Indivíduos assintomáticos (n = 193) foram agrupados de acordo com sua concentração de HDL-C para uma das três categorias seguintes: baixa (< 68 mg/dL), intermediária (de 68 a 80 mg/dL) ou alta (> 80 mg/dL). Os valores p < 0,05 foram considerados estatisticamente significativos. Resultados Nossa análise incluiu 193 indivíduos (média etária: 47 anos; masculino: 26,3%). Em comparação com os indivíduos no menor tercil de HDL-C, os mais elevados foram mais velhos (36 versus 53 anos; p = 0,001) e, menos frequentemente, masculinos (42,6% versus 20,9%; p = 0,001). Os valores médios de oxLDL-Ab aumentaram à medida que o grupo HDL-C aumentou (0,31, 0,33 e 0,43 unidades, respectivamente; p = 0,001 para tendência). A regressão linear simples encontrou uma relação significativa e positiva entre a variável independente, HDL-C, e a variável dependente, oxLDL-Ab (R = 0,293; p = 0,009). Essa relação manteve-se significativa (R = 0,30; p = 0,044), após ajuste por covariáveis. Os níveis de apolipoproteína AI também estiveram relacionados a oxLDL-Ab nos modelos de regressão linear simples e ajustada. Conclusões HDL-C e oxLDL-Ab estão independentemente relacionados.