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ABSTRACT The expression ‘you need to know to conserve’ is a well-known cliche among biologists. Documenting the richness of a group of organisms is the first step towards understanding biodiversity and preparing efficient conservation plans. In this context, many efforts have been made to quantify the number of species on Earth and estimate the number of species still unknown to science. A few countries have complete and integrated databases estimating the approximate number of species recorded for their territory, particularly in the Global South. In Brazil, a country of continental dimensions, revealing the richness of the second most diverse clade of invertebrates (=Mollusca) has been a goal of taxonomists. Recently, in an unprecedented, collective, and integrated effort among Brazilian malacologists, it was possible to estimate how many valid species of molluscs are there in Brazil. In this effort, more than 30 mollusc experts joined together to update the Taxonomic Catalogue of the Brazilian Fauna (TCBF), a governmental website that allows a quick and real-time updating of all Metazoan. So far, more than 5,000 updates have been made in TCBF, indicating the presence of 3,552 valid species of molluscs in Brazil, distributed among the main clades as follows: Caudofoveata (10 spp.), Solenogastres (6 spp.), Polyplacophora (35 spp.), Scaphopoda (43 spp.), Cephalopoda (92 spp.), Bivalvia (629 spp.) and Gastropoda (2,737 spp.). The present study, in addition to demonstrating for the first time the richness of Brazilian molluscs, also presents the state of the art of this important phylum of invertebrates highlighting its most representative and neglected groups.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1984-4689.v40.e23026

Cross-cultural adaptation of the Internet Gaming Disorder Scale – Short Form (IGDS9-SF) to the Brazilian context
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Donadon, Mariana F.

; Chagas, Marcos H. N.

; Apolinário-da-Silva, Thiago D.

; Okino, Erika T. K.

; Hallak, Jaime E. C.

; Nicoletti, Êdela A.

; Pereira-Lima, Karina

; Degan, Edson A.

; Santos, Rafael G.

; Machado-de-Sousa, João Paulo

; Simei, João L. Q.

; Oliveira, Lucas M.

; Pontes, Halley M.

; Osório, Flávia L.

Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy

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sep 2020, Volume 42 N. 3 Pages 262 - 266

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Introduction The Internet Gaming Disorder Scale – Short Form (IGDS9-SF) assesses the severity, harmful effects and/or consequences of excessive online and offline gaming. Its conciseness and theoretical foundations on current diagnostic criteria of gaming disorders make it a useful resource for clinical and screening settings. Objective To describe the process of cross-cultural adaptation of the IGDS9-SF to the Brazilian context. Methods The cross-cultural adaptation involved the steps of independent translation of the instrument, synthesis version, back-translation, pre-test and elaboration of the final version. Content validity assessment was conducted by a multidisciplinary committee of experts and consisted of both a quantitative analysis (calculation of content validity coefficients – CVC) and a qualitative analysis (assessment of the experts’ comments and suggestions). The pre-test sample consisted of 30 gamers with variable sociodemographic characteristics. Results The cross-cultural adaptation of the scale followed the proposed protocol, and the CVC was satisfactory (≥ 0.83) for all the structures and equivalences assessed. Most of the suggestions made by the experts were accepted (mainly adjustments and language standardization). The gamers who participated in the pre-test judged the scale easy to understand and did not suggest changes. Discussion The Brazilian version of the IGDS9-SF showed adequate content validity and is available for researchers and clinicians, as well as for the investigation of additional psychometric characteristics.

https://doi.org/10.1590/2237-6089-2019-0032 505 downloads

Medidas de distanciamento social no controle da pandemia de COVID-19: potenciais impactos e desafios no Brasil
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Aquino, Estela M. L.

; Silveira, Ismael Henrique

; Pescarini, Julia Moreira

; Aquino, Rosana

; Souza-Filho, Jaime Almeida de

; Rocha, Aline dos Santos

; Ferreira, Andrea

; Victor, Audêncio

; Teixeira, Camila

; Machado, Daiane Borges

; Paixão, Enny

; Alves, Flávia Jôse Oliveira

; Pilecco, Flávia

; Menezes, Greice

; Gabrielli, Ligia

; Leite, Luciana

; Almeida, Maria da Conceição Chagas de

; Ortelan, Naiá

; Fernandes, Qeren Hapuk R. Ferreira

; Ortiz, Renzo Joel Flores

; Palmeira, Raquel Nunes

; Pinto Junior, Elzo Pereira

; Aragão, Erika

; Souza, Luis Eugenio Portela Fernandes de

; Barral Netto, Manoel

; Teixeira, Maria Glória

; Barreto, Mauricio Lima

; Ichihara, Maria Yury

; Lima, Raíza Tourinho dos Reis Silva

Ciência & Saúde Coletiva

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jun 2020, Volume 25 Suppl. 1 Pages 2423 - 2446

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo A pandemia de COVID-19 tem desafiado pesquisadores e gestores a encontrar medidas de saúde pública que evitem o colapso dos sistemas de saúde e reduzam os óbitos. Esta revisão narrativa buscou sistematizar as evidências sobre o impacto das medidas de distanciamento social na epidemia de COVID-19 e discutir sua implementação no Brasil. Foram triados artigos sobre o efeito do distanciamento social na COVID-19 no PubMed, medRXiv e bioRvix, e analisados atos do poder público nos níveis federal e estadual para sumarizar as estratégias implementadas no Brasil. Os achados sugerem que o distanciamento social adotado por população é efetivo, especialmente quando combinado ao isolamento de casos e à quarentena dos contatos. Recomenda-se a implementação de medidas de distanciamento social e de políticas de proteção social para garantir a sustentabilidade dessas medidas. Para o controle da COVID-19 no Brasil, é imprescindível que essas medidas estejam aliadas ao fortalecimento do sistema de vigilância nos três níveis do SUS, que inclui a avaliação e uso de indicadores adicionais para monitorar a evolução da pandemia e o efeito das medidas de controle, a ampliação da capacidade de testagem, e divulgação ampla e transparente das notificações e de testagem desagregadas.

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has challenged researchers and policy makers to identify public safety measures forpreventing the collapse of healthcare systems and reducingdeaths. This narrative review summarizes the available evidence on the impact of social distancing measures on the epidemic and discusses the implementation of these measures in Brazil. Articles on the effect of social distancing on COVID-19 were selected from the PubMed, medRXiv and bioRvix databases. Federal and state legislation was analyzed to summarize the strategies implemented in Brazil. Social distancing measures adopted by the population appear effective, particularly when implemented in conjunction with the isolation of cases and quarantining of contacts. Therefore, social distancing measures, and social protection policies to guarantee the sustainability of these measures, should be implemented. To control COVID-19 in Brazil, it is also crucial that epidemiological monitoring is strengthened at all three levels of the Brazilian National Health System (SUS). This includes evaluating and usingsupplementary indicators to monitor the progression of the pandemic and the effect of the control measures, increasing testing capacity, and making disaggregated notificationsand testing resultstransparentand broadly available.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232020256.1.10502020 73073 downloads

Medidas de distanciamento social no controle da pandemia de COVID-19: potenciais impactos e desafios no Brasil
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Aquino, Estela M. L.

; Silveira, Ismael Henrique

; Pescarini, Julia Moreira

; Aquino, Rosana

; Souza-Filho, Jaime Almeida de

; Rocha, Aline dos Santos

; Ferreira, Andrea

; Victor, Audêncio

; Teixeira, Camila

; Machado, Daiane Borges

; Paixão, Enny

; Alves, Flávia Jôse Oliveira

; Pilecco, Flávia

; Menezes, Greice

; Gabrielli, Ligia

; Leite, Luciana

; Almeida, Maria da Conceição Chagas de

; Ortelan, Naiá

; Fernandes, Qeren Hapuk R. Ferreira

; Ortiz, Renzo Joel Flores

; Palmeira, Raquel Nunes

; Pinto Junior, Elzo Pereira

; Aragão, Erika

; Souza, Luis Eugenio Portela Fernandes de

; Barral Netto, Manoel

; Teixeira, Maria Glória

; Barreto, Mauricio Lima

; Ichihara, Maria Yury

; Lima, Raíza Tourinho dos Reis Silva

Ciência & Saúde Coletiva

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2020, Volume 25 Suppl. 1 Pages 2423 - 2446

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232020256.1.10502020

Acute effects of ayahuasca in a juvenile non-human primate model of depression
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da Silva, Flávia S.

; Silva, Erick A.S.

; Sousa Jr., Geovan M. de

; Maia-de-Oliveira, João P.

; Soares-Rachetti, Vanessa de Paula

; de Araujo, Draulio B.

; Sousa, Maria B.C.

; Lobão-Soares, Bruno

; Hallak, Jaime

; Galvão-Coelho, Nicole L.

Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry

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aug 2019, Volume 41 N. 4 Pages 280 - 288

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Objective: The incidence rate of major depression in adolescents reaches approximately 14%. This disorder is usually recurrent, without remission of symptoms even after pharmacological treatment, and persists throughout adult life. Since the effects of antidepressants take approximately 2 weeks to begin, new pharmacological therapies are under continuous exploration. Recent evidence suggests that psychedelics could produce rapid antidepressant effects. In this study, we evaluated the potential antidepressant effects of ayahuasca in a juvenile non-human primate model of depression. Methods: While living with their families, juvenile marmosets (8 males; 7 females) were observed on alternate days for four weeks during a baseline phase. This was followed by 8 weeks of an induced depressive state protocol, the social isolated context (IC), in which the animals were monitored in the first and last weeks. Subsequently, five males and four females were randomly selected for treatment, first with a single administration of saline vehicle (1.67 mL/300 g of body weight, via gavage), followed by a single dose of ayahuasca (1.67 mL/300 g of body weight, via gavage). Both phases lasted 1 week and the animals were monitored daily. A third week of sampling was called the tardive-pharmacological effects phase. In all phases the marmosets were assessed for behavior, fecal cortisol levels, and body weight. Results: After IC, the animals presented typical hypocortisolemia, but cortisol recovered to baseline levels 24 h after an acute dose of ayahuasca; this recovery was not observed in vehicle-treated animals. Additionally, in males, ayahuasca, but not the vehicle, reduced scratching, a stereotypic behavior, and increased feeding. Ayahuasca treatment also improved body weight to baseline levels in both sexes. The ayahuasca-induced behavioral response had long-term effects (14 days). Thus, in this translational juvenile animal model of depression, ayahuasca presented beneficial effects. Conclusions: These results can contribute to the validation of ayahuasca as an antidepressant drug and encourage new studies on psychedelic drugs as a tool for treating mood disorders, including for adolescents with early-onset depression.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-4446-2018-0140 1646 downloads

Effects of sodium nitroprusside in the prevention of schizophrenia-like symptoms induced by ketamine – A translational double-blind study
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Rezende, Tatiana M. N.

; Maia-de-Oliveira, João Paulo

; Kandratavicius, Ludmyla

; Machado-de-Sousa, João Paulo

; Abrão, João

; Prado, Daniel Almeida

; Bressan, Rodrigo A.

; Lacerda, Acioly L. T.

; Zuardi, Antonio W.

; Baker, Glen B.

; Dursun, Serdar M.

; Hallak, Jaime E. C.

Archives of Clinical Psychiatry (São Paulo)

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dec 2017, Volume 44 N. 6 Pages 149 - 153

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Background: Recent evidence has shown improvements in schizophrenia symptoms after the infusion of sodium nitroprusside (SNP), a nitric oxide (NO) donor. In the rat model of schizophrenia using ketamine injection, pretreatment with SNP seems to prevent behavioral changes associated with positive symptoms for up to one week. Objective: We investigated whether SNP would have preventative effects on psychogenic symptoms induced by ketamine in healthy subjects. Methods: Healthy subjects (N = 38) were assigned to distinct groups that received SNP in different doses (0.15, 0.25, and 0.5 mcg/kg/min). First, participants received an infusion of SNP or placebo over 75 minutes. After 10 minutes, they were injected for 1 minute with a bolus of 0.26 mg/kg of ketamine and a maintenance dose was started 5 minutes later, with 0.25 mg/kg/h of ketamine for 50 minutes. Results: Ketamine-induced psychopathological alterations induced were reduced by SNP, as assessed with the Brief Psychological Rating Scale. Scores in the objective subscale of the Clinician-Administered Dissociative States Scale were also lower in SNP sessions compared to placebo. SNP had protective effects against deterioration in facial emotion and identity recognition tasks induced by ketamine. Discussion: Our findings support the view that SNP has preventative properties against psychotic manifestations.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0101-60830000000141 1222 downloads

Technical feasibility of reuse of effluent generated from reverse osmosis system in a pharmaceutical plant
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Andrade, Bárbara de A. S. de

; Lacerda, Paulo S. B. de

; Oliveira, Jaime L. M.

Revista Ambiente & Água

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oct 2017, Volume 12 N. 5 Pages 694 - 707

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo O reúso é uma alternativa para ajudar na redução do consumo de água e no impacto ambiental negativo causado pela descarga de efluentes industriais. Algumas indústrias já têm adotado esta prática em seus processos; no entanto, não foram encontrados na literatura estudos sobre esta temática para a indústria farmacêutica. Este trabalho investigou o potencial de reutilização do efluente (concentrado) gerado pelo Sistema de Osmose Reversa/Eletrodeionização (OR/EDI), que é usado na produção de água purificada em uma unidade farmacêutica brasileira. Este complexo industrial consumiu, entre 2012 e 2013, cerca de 200.000 m3 de água por ano para produzir um milhão de doses de vacinas, ou seja, cerca de 2 litros de água consumida por dose de vacina produzida. Durante este período, o sistema OR/EDI produziu anualmente 27.000 m3 de água purificada e gerou 24.000 m3 de efluente (concentrado) por ano. Esta quantidade de efluente poderia ser usada para suprir a produção de vapor (caldeiras) e/ou água gelada (torres de refrigeração) que consumiram anualmente uma média de 12.000 m3 e 40.000 m3 de água potável, respectivamente. A reutilização deste efluente resultaria em uma economia bruta de R$ 384.000,00 por ano, excluindo os custos de implantação e controle. Pelo que se pesquisou na literatura, este trabalho mostrou pela primeira vez a possibilidade de reúso de efluente de um sistema OR/EDI em uma indústria farmacêutica.

Abstract Reuse reduces the consumption of freshwater supplies and the negative environmental impact caused by the discharge of industrial effluents. Some industries have already adopted this practice; however, no studies were found in the literature regarding this subject in the pharmaceutical industry. This work investigated the potential reuse of effluent (concentrate) generated from the Reverse Osmosis/Electro-deionization System (RO/EDI) that is used for the production of purified water in a Brazilian pharmaceutical plant. This industrial complex consumed about 200,000 m3 of water per year between 2012 and 2013 to produce one million of doses of vaccines, i.e., 2 L of water per dose of vaccine produced. During this period, the RO/EDI produced 27,000 m3 of purified water annually and generated 24,000 m3 of effluent (concentrate). This amount of effluent could be used to supply the production of industry steam (boilers) and/or cold water (cooling towers) that annually consumed an average of 12,000 m3 and 40,000 m3, respectively. The reuse of this effluent would result in a gross financial savings of 96,000 USD per year, excluding the costs of installation and control. From what has been researched in the literature, this work showed for the first time the possibility of reuse of effluent from RO/EDI System in the pharmaceutical industry.

https://doi.org/10.4136/ambi-agua.1980 2189 downloads

Ecological water quality assessment in the Guapiaçu-Macacu hydrographic complex (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) using multiple indicators
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Pereira, Priscilla S.

; Fernandes, Lia A. C.

; Dias, Roberto J. P.

; Sampaio, Marcelo S.

; Silva-Neto, Inácio D.

; Baptista, Darcilio F.

; Oliveira, Jaime L. M.

Revista Ambiente & Água

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sep 2014, Volume 9 N. 3 Pages 409 - 423

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

O diagnóstico rápido da qualidade da água de cinco pontos do complexo hidrográfico Macacu-Guapiaçu foi realizado utilizando protocolo de avaliação visual (PAV), análises convencionais, composição e estrutura do grupo de ciliados e a ocorrência de macroinvertebrados bentônicos. Foram realizadas coletas de amostras da água em cinco pontos amostrais (A - E) em julho de 2010. Os protistas foram amostrados com auxílio de substratos artificiais e os macroinvertebrados utilizando método multi-habitat. Foram registrados 22 táxons de protozoários e 51 táxons de macroinvertebrados nas cinco amostras. O ponto de referência (A) apresentou maior diversidade de protistas e maiores índices BMWP-CETEC e IBE-IOC em relação aos grupos de macroinvertebrados. Os trechos mais impactados apresentaram menor diversidade e maior abundância de protozoários bem como menores valores para os índices. Os quatro métodos utilizados foram convergentes ao diagnosticar os trechos de referência (A), impactado (B e E) e com grau intermediário de impacto (C e D). Além disso, estes métodos foram complementares visto que os parâmetros convencionais e a composição de ciliados foram mais sensíveis na detecção do aumento da poluição orgânica enquanto que o PAV e a ocorrência de macroinvertebrados detectaram alterações na geomorfologia e degradação do habitat.

A quick diagnosis of the ecological quality of five sections of the Macacu-Guapiaçu hydrographic complex was performed using visual assessment protocol (VAP), conventional analysis, composition and structure of ciliates and the occurrence of benthic macro invertebrates. Water samples were collected from five sampling stations (A-E) in July of 2010. Protists were sampled with aid of artificial substrates, and macro invertebrates were sampled using the multi-habitat method. A total of 22 taxa of protozoa and 51 taxa of macro invertebrates was registered at the five stations. Reference station (A) showed greater protist diversity and higher values of BMWP-CETEC and IBE-IOC indices relating to macro invertebrates. The impacted stations (B and E) presented lower diversity and higher abundance of protozoa, as well as the lowest values for the rates. The four methods used were convergent to diagnose reference station (A), the impacted stations (B and E) and those in intermediate conditions (C and D). Thus, the methods were complementary, as the conventional parameters and ciliate assembly were more sensitive to detecting the increase in organic pollution and VAP and macro invertebrate assembly detected changes in geomorphology and habitat degradation.

https://doi.org/10.4136/ambi-agua.1397 1820 downloads

Avanços e desafios em normatização de amostras grátis de medicamentos no Brasil
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Souza, Carla Patricia F. A. de

; Oliveira, Jaime L. M.

; Kligerman, Débora C.

Physis: Revista de Saúde Coletiva

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sep 2014, Volume 24 N. 3 Pages 871 - 883

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Este trabalho analisou criticamente a legislação sobre amostras grátis de medicamentos no Brasil, pontuando alguns aspectos importantes relacionados à saúde da população. Foi realizado um levantamento das leis, decretos, normas e regulamentações que norteiam o assunto. A amostra grátis é uma das estratégias de publicidade e marketing usadas pela indústria farmacêutica. Em alguns casos, a indicação de certos medicamentos é baseada em dados técnicos apresentados pelos propagandistas. Por outro lado, os médicos que buscam informações técnicas em fontes com menor influência da indústria farmacêutica indicam menos os medicamentos novos, que na maioria das vezes são mais caros. Embora tenha sido observado um avanço na normatização em relação às amostras grátis, ela ainda é incipiente. Tópicos como o prazo mínimo para sua distribuição, quantidade máxima a ser entregue a cada prescritor, seu transporte, armazenamento e cuidados com o prazo de validade deveriam ser incluídas na legislação pertinente, como ocorre em outros países. Estas discussões deveriam ser retomadas com a menor influência possível dos laboratórios farmacêuticos, seguindo critérios técnico-científicos. Portanto, é necessário que este assunto seja contextualizado nas resoluções sobre amostras grátis de medicamentos, seguindo as normas das boas práticas de fabricação.

This paper critically analyzed the legislation on free samples of medicines in Brazil, scoring some important health-related aspects of the population. A survey of laws, decrees, rules and regulations that guide the subject was conducted. The free sample is one of the advertising and marketing strategies used by the pharmaceutical industry. In some cases, the designation of certain drugs is based on technical data provided by the propagandists. On the other hand, physicians seeking technical information on sources with less influence of the pharmaceutical industry indicate fewer new drugs, which most often are more expensive. Although an improvement in standardization has been seen for free samples, it is still incipient. Topics such as the time limit for its distribution, maximum to be delivered to each prescriber, transport, storage and care of the expiration date amount should be included in the relevant legislation, as in other countries. These discussions should be resumed with the least possible influence of pharmaceutical companies, following technical and scientific criteria. Therefore, it is necessary that this matter be contextualized in resolutions on free samples of medicines, following the standards of good manufacturing practices.

https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-73312014000300011 4937 downloads

10.

Avanços e desafios em normatização de amostras grátis de medicamentos no Brasil
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Souza, Carla Patricia F. A. de

; Oliveira, Jaime L. M.

; Kligerman, Débora C.

Physis: Revista de Saúde Coletiva

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sep 2014, Volume 24 N. 3 Pages 871 - 883

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-73312014000300011 492 downloads

11.

Fate of the herbicide 14C-atrazine during sewage treatment on a lab-scale bioreactor
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Oliveira, Jaime L. M.

; Ferreira, Edir M.

; Silva, Denise da P.

; Dezotti, Márcia

; Langenbach, Tomaz

Revista Ambiente & Água

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aug 2013, Volume 8 N. 2 Pages 27 - 33

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

A atrazina é um herbicida persistente usado em diversos tipos de culturas podendo ser detectado tanto em águas subterrâneas quanto em águas superficiais e em sistemas de drenagem. Este trabalho estudou o comportamento da atrazina durante o tratamento de esgoto por lodos ativados. O processo foi realizado em escala laboratorial em regime de batelada adotando um tempo de retenção hidráulica de 24 horas. Após este período, o esgoto bruto (com atrazina) foi trocado e outra batelada foi iniciada (a idade do lodo foi de 7 dias). Foram usadas moléculas radiomarcadas (14C-atrazina) para traçar seu destino e medir o 14C-CO2 produzido e os resíduos de atrazina foram analisados por HPLC/UV. Inicialmente cerca de 50% da radioatividade foi adsorvida pelo lodo sedimentado, mas foi desorvida com sucessivas adições de lodo bruto sem atrazina. O balanço final da radioatividade mostrou que 98% da atrazina foram descartados no esgoto tratado provavelmente sem nenhuma biodegradação. Portanto, micropoluentes orgânicos que possuam características semelhantes à atrazina podem ter este mesmo comportamento.

Atrazine (2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)-s-triazine) is a persistent herbicide used on some crops and it has been found both in ground and surface water and drainage systems. This work studied the behaviour of atrazine during a sewage treatment process by activated sludge. The process was conducted on a laboratory scale using an under fed-batch system with a hydraulic retention time of 24 hours. After this period, the raw sewage (with atrazine) was changed and another batch was begun (the sludge age was 7 days old). Radiolabel molecules (14C-atrazine) were used for to trace their fate and to measure to the 14C-CO2 and the residues of atrazine were analysed by HPLC/UV. Initially about 50% of radioactivity was sorbed by the settled sludge but it was desorbed with successive additions of raw sewage without atrazine. The final balance of radioactivity showed that 98% of the atrazine was released into the treated effluent, probably without any biodegradation. Therefore, other organic micropollutants with similar characteristics to atrazine may behave a similar way.

https://doi.org/10.4136/ambi-agua.1039 2614 downloads

12.

Comportamento ambiental e toxidade dos herbicidas atrazina e simazina
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Carmo, Diego Almeida do

; Carmo, Ana Paula Barbosa do

; Pires, Jandyra Maria Bento

; Oliveira, Jaime L. M.

Revista Ambiente & Água

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apr 2013, Volume 8 N. 1 Pages 133 - 143

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Este artigo mostra alguns aspectos ambientais e toxicológicos sobre os herbicidas triazínicos atrazina e simazina. Esses compostos são usados no controle de ervas-daninhas em plantações de cana-de-açúcar e milho. Apesar de serem parcialmente solúveis, podem ser detectados em água subterrânea e superficial. Suas mobilidade e biodegradação no sistema água-solo podem variar dependendo das características intrínsecas de cada matriz como teor de matéria orgânica. Embora sejam considerados pouco tóxicos, esses herbicidas possuem alta capacidade de interferência nos sistemas nervoso e endócrino humano e da biota selvagem. Os mecanismos de sua detoxificação são semelhantes à de outros xenobióticos; no entanto, existem poucos dados sobre os efeitos à saúde humana causada pela simazina. Portanto, o uso desses compostos deve ser revisto devido ao seu comportamento ambiental e os efeitos toxicológicos.

This article shows some environmental and toxicology aspects of triazine herbicides atrazine and simazine. These compounds are used to control weeds in sugar and corn crops. Despite being partially soluble, they can be detected in ground and surface water. Their mobility and biodegradation in the soil-water system can vary depending on the intrinsic characteristics of each matrice, such as organic matter content. Although considered slightly toxic, these herbicides have a strong ability to interfere in the nervous and endocrine systems of human and wild biota. The detoxification mechanisms are similar to other xenobiotics; however, little is known about the effects on human health caused by simazine. Therefore, the use of these compounds should be revised due to their environmental behavior and toxicological effects.

https://doi.org/10.4136/ambi-agua.1073 11387 downloads Cited 1 time in SciELO

13.

Emissões de óxido nitroso do tanque de aeração de uma estação de tratamento de esgotos com sistema de lodos ativados convencional
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Ribeiro, Renato P.

; Mello, William Z. de

; Alvim, Renata B.

; Andrade, Samara A.

; Brotto, Ariane C.

; Kligerman, Débora C.

; Oliveira, Jaime L. M.

; Almeida, Paulo A. de

Química Nova

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2013, Volume 36 N. 7 Pages 998 - 1003

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions were measured monthly from January to June 2010 in the aeration tank of a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in Southeast Brazil. Emissions were lower in summer than winter and were positively related with influent ammonium (NH4+) concentration. The average N2O emission was 1.11 kg N day-1 corresponding to 0.02% of the influent total nitrogen load. The average emission factor calculated for the population served was 2.5 lower than that proposed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) for inventories of N2O emissions from WWTPs with controlled nitrification and denitrification processes.

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14.

Nitrous oxide emissions from an intermittent aeration activated sludge system of an urban wastewater treatment plant
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Mello, William Z. de

; Ribeiro, Renato P.

; Brotto, Ariane C.

; Kligerman, Débora C.

; Piccoli, Andrezza de S.

; Oliveira, Jaime L. M.

Química Nova

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2013, Volume 36 N. 1 Pages 16 - 20

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

This study investigated the emission of N2O during the sequential aerated (60-min) and non-aerated (30-min) stages of an intermittent aeration cycle in an activated sludge wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). N2O emission occurred during both stages; however, emission was much higher during aeration. Air stripping is the major factor controlling transfer of N2O from the sewage to the atmosphere. The N2O emissions exclusively from the aeration tank represented 0.10% of the influent total nitrogen load and the per capita emission factor was almost 3 times higher than that suggested by the IPCC for inventories of N2O emission from WWTPs.

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15.

Fate of organochlorine 14C-dicofol in a lab-scale wastewater treatment
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Oliveira, Jaime L. M.

; Langenbach, Tomaz

; Dezotti, Márcia

Brazilian Journal of Microbiology

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jun 2008, Volume 39 N. 2 Pages 311 - 313

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

A dinâmica do organoclorado 14C-dicofol no processo de lodos ativados foi investigada. Os resultados mostraram que a maior parte da radioatividade ficou adsorvida no lodo biológico. Consequentemente, o seu descarte final merece atenção especial. Pequenas quantidades de dicofol, biotransformadas ou não, permanecem no efluente tratado podendo contaminar os corpos receptores.

The fate of organochlorine 14C-dicofol in activated sludge process was investigated. Results showed that the major part of radioactivity remained adsorbed on biological sludge. Consequently, its final disposal deserves special attention. The small amounts of dicofol, biotransformed or not, which remained in the treated effluent could contaminate receiving bodies.

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