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ABSTRACT Objective. To provide a comprehensive overview of geographical patterns (2001–2010) and time trends (1993–2012) of cancer incidence in children aged 0–19 years in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) and interpret the findings in the context of global patterns. Methods. Geographical variations in 2001–2010 and incidence trends over 1993–2012 in the population of LAC younger than 20 years were described using the database of the third volume of the International Incidence of Childhood Cancer study containing comparable data. Age-specific incidence per million person-years (ASR) was calculated for population subgroups and age-standardized (WSR) using the world standard population. Results. Overall, 36 744 unique cases were included in this study. In 2001–2010 the overall WSR in age 0–14 years was 132.6. The most frequent were leukemia (WSR 48.7), central nervous system neoplasms (WSR 23.0), and lymphoma (WSR 16.6). The overall ASR in age group 15–19 years was 152.3 with lymphoma ranking first (ASR 30.2). Incidence was higher in males than in females, and higher in South America than in Central America and the Caribbean. Compared with global data LAC incidence was lower overall, except for leukemia and lymphoma at age 0–14 years and the other and unspecified tumors at any age. Overall incidence at age 0–19 years increased by 1.0% per year (95% CI [0.6, 1.3]) over 1993–2012. The included registries covered 16% of population aged 0–14 years and 10% of population aged 15–19 years. Conclusions. The observed patterns provide a baseline to assess the status and evolution of childhood cancer occurrence in the region. Extended and sustained support of cancer registration is required to improve representativeness and timeliness of data for childhood cancer control in LAC.

RESUMO Objetivo. Apresentar uma visão abrangente dos padrões geográficos (2001 a 2010) e das tendências temporais (1993 a 2012) da incidência de câncer em crianças e jovens de 0 a 19 anos na América Latina e no Caribe (ALC) e interpretar os resultados no contexto de padrões mundiais. Métodos. Foram descritas variações geográficas de 2001 a 2010 e tendências de incidência de 1993 a 2012 na população com menos de 20 anos da ALC usando informações comparáveis da base de dados do terceiro volume do estudo International Incidence of Childhood Cancer. Foram calculadas taxas de incidência específica por idade por milhão de pessoas-ano (ASR, na sigla em inglês) para subgrupos populacionais e taxas padronizadas por idade usando a população padrão mundial (WSR, na sigla em inglês). Resultados. No total, foram incluídos 36 744 casos únicos. No período de 2001 a 2010, a WSR para todos os tumores combinados na faixa etária de 0 a 14 anos foi de 132,6. Os diagnósticos mais frequentes foram leucemia (WSR de 48,7), neoplasias do sistema nervoso central (WSR de 23,0) e linfoma (WSR de 16,6). A ASR para todos os tumores combinados na faixa etária de 15 a 19 anos foi de 152,3, e a maior taxa foi a de linfoma (ASR de 30,2). A incidência foi maior no sexo masculino do que no sexo feminino e maior na América do Sul do que na América Central e no Caribe. De modo geral, em comparação com as estimativas mundiais, a incidência na ALC foi menor, exceto para leucemia e linfoma entre 0 e 14 anos e para outros tumores e tumores não especificados em qualquer idade. A taxa de incidência na faixa etária de 0 a 19 anos aumentou em 1,0% ao ano (IC de 95% [0,6, 1,3]) entre 1993 e 2012. Os registros incluídos cobriam 16% da população de 0 a 14 anos e 10% da população de 15 a 19 anos. Conclusões. Os padrões observados servem de referência para avaliar o status e a evolução da ocorrência de câncer infantil na região. É necessário garantir um apoio ampliado e consistente aos registros de câncer para aprimorar a representatividade e a disponibilidade das informações em tempo adequado para o controle do câncer infantil na ALC.

https://doi.org/10.26633/rpsp.2024.11

AVALIAÇÃO DO RISCO CARDIOVASCULAR (SCORE-2) DOS TRABALHADORES DE UM CENTRO HOSPITALAR ENTRE 2011 E 2021
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Pereira, M

; Abreu, D

; Alves, H

; Silva, L

; Camarinha, A

; Oliveira, A

; Melo, D

; Mautempo, F

Revista Portuguesa de Saúde Ocupacional online

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dec 2023, Volume 16 elocation esub0408

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO Introdução As doenças do foro cardiovascular são a principal causa de morte em Portugal e os Scores de Risco Cardiovascular são muito úteis na prevenção primária destas patologias. A prevenção do desenvolvimento e/ou progressão de patologias com elevada morbilidade e mortalidade para os trabalhadores pode estar incluída nas atividades desenvolvidas pela Saúde Ocupacional, no sentido de preservar a saúde e bem-estar dos trabalhadores. Objetivos O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar o Risco Cardiovascular dos trabalhadores de um Centro Hospitalar no intervalo de tempo entre 2011 e 2021. Metodologia O Risco Cardiovascular foi avaliado através do SCORE-2. Foram selecionados os trabalhadores que mantiveram funções laborais no Centro Hospitalar durante todo o período em análise. Os critérios de exclusão do SCORE-2 incluem patologia cardiovascular prévia, Diabetes mellitus, idade inferior a 40 anos ou superior a 69 anos. O SCORE-2 usa informações de pressão arterial, perfil lipídico, sexo, idade e hábitos alcoólicos. Resultados Selecionaram-se 345 trabalhadores. O valor mediano do risco cardiovascular dos trabalhadores em 2021 (Mediana=2,215%; IQR - InterQuartile Range/Amplitude Interquartil=3,0%) foi significativamente superior ao de 2011 (M=1,273%; IQR=1,8%). O risco cardiovascular em 2021 dos trabalhadores do Departamento de Gestão (M=3.173%; IQR=4.6%) foi superior ao dos trabalhadores do Departamento Médico (M=1.958%; IQR=1.9%). Não se encontraram diferenças significativas do risco cardiovascular dos trabalhadores segundo o seu grupo profissional, em 2011 [X2(7)=7,580; p>0,05] e em 2021 [X2(7)=7,427; p>0,05]. Não se encontraram diferenças significativas do risco cardiovascular dos trabalhadores segundo as suas habilitações literárias, em 2011 [X2(5)=3,412; p>0,05] e em 2021 [X2(5)=2,895; p>0,05]. Conclusões O conhecimento das características da população trabalhadora permite o desenvolvimento de planos personalizados, tendo em conta estilos de vida saudáveis, a fim de diminuir o Risco Cardiovascular destes trabalhadores. Com estes planos orientados para a diminuição do Risco Cardiovascular global da população de trabalhadores e das suas consequências na sua saúde, prevê-se uma redução do absentismo por doença, uma melhoria da qualidade de vida dos trabalhadores, um incremento na sua produtividade e consequente melhoria dos serviços prestados pela entidade empregadora.

ABSTRACT Introduction The cardiovascular diseases are the main death cause in Portugal and Cardiovascular Risk Scores are very useful to the primary prevention of these diseases. Prevention of the development and progression of diseases with high morbidity and mortality to the workers can be work out by Occupational Health, in the sense of preserving workers’ health and wellbeing. Objectives The aim of this study is to evaluate the Cardiovascular Risk of the workers of a Hospital Centre in the interval between 2011 till 2021. Methods The Cardiovascular Risk was evaluated by using SCORE-2. Workers were selected only if they worked through the entirety of this interval in this Hospital Centre. The SCORE-2’s exclusion criteria include previous cardiovascular disease, Diabetes mellitus, age lower than 40 years or higher than 69 years. SCORE-2 uses data from blood pressure, lipid panel, sex, age and tobacco use. Results There were selected 345 workers. The median cardiovascular risk of the workers in 2021 (Median=2,215%; InterQuartile Range=3,0%) was significatively higher than the cardiovascular risk of 2011 (M=1,273%; IQR=1,8%). The cardiovascular risk in 2021 of the workers from Administrative Department (M=3.173%; IQR=4.6%) was significatively higher than workers from Medical Department (M=1.958%; IQR=1.9%). There were no significant differences found of the workers’ cardiovascular risk among the professional group in 2011 [X2(7)=7,580; p>0,05] and in 2021 [X2(7)=7,427; p>0,05]. There were no significant differences found of the workers’ cardiovascular risk among the educational background in 2011 [X2(5)=3,412; p>0,05] and in 2021 [X2(5)=2,895; p>0,05]. Conclusions Knowledge about the working population characteristics allows the development of personalized planning regarding healthy lifestyles, to reduce the Cardiovascular Risk of these workers. With these plans designed to reduce the global Cardiovascular Risk of the working population and its consequences on their health, is predicted a reduction in sickness absenteeism, an improvement in the workers’ quality of life, better performance and consequently better services provided by the employer.

https://doi.org/10.31252/rpso.02.09.2023

Fluoride-modified implant surfaces improves osseointegration in the tibias of rats with induced diabetes
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Oliveira, Guilherme José Pimentel Lopes de

; Fontanari, Lucas Amaral

; Souza, João Antônio Chaves de

; Spin-Neto, Rubens

; Elias, Carlos Nelson

; Marcantonio Junior, Elcio

; Orrico, Silvana Regina Perez

Brazilian Dental Journal

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oct 2023, Volume 34 N. 5 Pages 43 - 52

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

Abstract This study evaluated the influence of a fluoride-modified titanium surface on osseointegration in rats with induced diabetes. One hundred and eighty rats were randomly allocated into 3 groups with 60 animals each: Control group (C): Animals without diabetes; Diabetes Group (D): Animals with uncontrolled induced diabetes; Controlled Diabetes Group (CD): Animals with diabetes induced controlled by the insulin administration. Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin injection. Each animal received 2 implants in the proximal tibial metaphysis, one with the machined surface (M) and the other one with a fluoride-modified titanium surface (F), after 4 weeks of induction of diabetes. The animals were submitted to euthanasia 2, 4, and 6 weeks after the implant placement (n = 20 animals/group). The osseointegration was evaluated by the implant removal torque test and the histometric analysis of the non-decalcified histological sections: 1) Contact bone/implant (%BIC); 2) Bone tissue area between implant threads (%BBT). Implants with F surface showed a higher removal torque than implants with surface M in all groups. There was no difference in %BIC between the groups regardless of the surface used. The F surface showed a tendency to present higher %BBT values for the 3 evaluation periods in the D group. The fluoride-modified implant surface has no impact on the %BIC and %BBT. However, the fluoride-modified implant surface increases the locking of the implants with the bone. The hyperglycemia was associated with lower removal torque values despite the surfaces of the implant used.

Resumo Este estudo avaliou a influência de uma superfície de titânio modificada com flúor na osseointegração em ratos com diabetes induzida. Cento e oitenta ratos foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em 3 grupos com 60 animais cada: Grupo controle (C): Animais sem diabetes; Grupo Diabetes (D): Animais com diabetes induzida descompensada; Grupo Diabetes Controlado (CD): Animais com diabetes induzido controlado pela administração de insulina. O diabetes foi induzido por injeção de estreptozotocina. Cada animal recebeu 2 implantes na metáfise proximal da tíbia, um com superfície usinada (M) e outro com superfície de titânio modificado com flúor (F), após 4 semanas de indução do diabetes. Os animais foram submetidos à eutanásia 2, 4 e 6 semanas após a colocação do implante (n = 20 animais/grupo). A osseointegração foi avaliada pelo teste de torque de remoção do implante e pela análise histométrica dos cortes histológicos não descalcificados: 1) Contato osso-implante (%BIC); 2) Área de tecido ósseo entre as roscas do implante (%BBT). Os implantes com superfície F apresentaram maior torque de remoção do que os implantes com superfície M em todos os grupos. Não houve diferença no %BIC entre os grupos independente da superfície utilizada. A superfície F mostrou tendência a apresentar maiores valores de %BBT para os 3 períodos de avaliação no grupo D. As superfícies de implantes modificadas com flúor não influenciaram nos dados de %BIC e %BBT. Entretanto, essas superfícies aumentaram o travamento dos implantes no tecido ósseo. A hiperglicemia foi associada a menores torques de remoção dos implantes independentemente do tipo de superfície de implante utilizada.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-6440202305439

Atributos do solo e desempenho do cupuaçuzeiro consorciado com espécies florestais sob duas densidades de pupunheira
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Silva, Geisy Cavalcante

; Oliveira, Tadário Kamel de

; Amaral, Eufran Ferreira do

; Berkembrock, Jersiane

; Silva, Déborah Verçosa da

Ciência Florestal

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sep 2023, Volume 33 N. 3 elocation e68207

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

ABSTRACT The cupuassu tree is one of the most frequent species in agroforestry systems, mainly in consortium with peach palm. However, there is few information regarding the management, spacing and studies of interactions between them The objective of this work was to evaluate the size and productive performance of the cupuassu tree, and the spatial variability of soil attributes in agroforestry system with peach palm. An agroforestry consortium composed of cupuassu, andiroba, peach palm and copaiba plants was selected, later divided into two modules, distinguished by the density of peach palm (32 plants per ha-1 and 64 plants per ha-1). In both, each component was selected and georeferenced, considering one cupuassu plant per repetition. Soil samples were collected in a mesh of double lines of 3 x 8 m every 9 meters, and the data were submitted to geostatistical analysis. The cupuassu tree variables were compared between the modules, by the t test (p<0.05); and according to their position in relation to the peach palm (in the row and between rows), by the F test (p<0.05). The soil attributes showed moderate spatial dependence, except organic matter, with weak dependence. The agroforestry system with cupuassu tree, andiroba, copaiba and peach palm (32 plants per ha-1) had better soil chemical attributes and produced more fruits than the intercropping with twice as much palm trees. The size of the cupuassu tree was not influenced by peach palm densities (p>0.05). However, between the rows of the peach palm, the height of the cupuassu plants is highest (p<0.05) and the fruit yield is 50% higher than that one of the cupuassu trees grown in the same row as the peach palm.

RESUMO O cupuaçuzeiro é uma das espécies de maior ocorrência em sistemas agroflorestais, principalmente em consórcios com a pupunheira. No entanto, há poucas informações referentes ao manejo, espaçamentos e estudos de interações entre as mesmas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o porte e o desempenho produtivo do cupuaçuzeiro, e a variabilidade espacial dos atributos do solo em sistema agroflorestal com pupunheira. Foi selecionado um consórcio agroflorestal composto por plantas de cupuaçu, andiroba, pupunha e copaíba, posteriormente dividido em dois módulos, distintos pela densidade de pupunheiras (32 plantas ha-1 e 64 plantas ha-1). Em ambos os módulos, foram selecionados e georreferenciados cada componente, considerando-se uma planta de cupuaçu por repetição. As amostras de solo foram coletadas em malha de linhas duplas de 3 x 8 m a cada 9 metros, e os dados submetidos à análise geoestatística. As variáveis do cupuaçuzeiro foram comparadas entre os módulos, pelo teste t (p<0,05); e conforme sua posição em relação à pupunheira (na linha e entrelinha), pelo teste F (p<0,05). Os atributos do solo apresentaram dependência espacial moderada, exceto matéria orgânica, com fraca dependência. O sistema agroflorestal com cupuaçuzeiro, andiroba, copaíba e pupunheira: com 32 plantas ha-1, apresentou melhores atributos químicos de solo e produziu mais frutos que o consórcio com o dobro de palmáceas. O porte do cupuaçuzeiro não foi influenciado pelas densidades da pupunheira (p>0,05), no entanto, nas entrelinhas da pupunheira, a altura das plantas de cupuaçu é maior (p<0,05) e a produtividade de frutos é 50% maior que a dos cupuaçuzeiros cultivados na mesma linha da pupunheira.

https://doi.org/10.5902/1980509868207

Indoquinoline Alkaloids from Sida rhombifolia (L.) (Malvaceae) and Antimicrobial Evaluation of Cryptolepinone Derivatives
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Oliveira, Micaelly S

; Chaves, Otemberg S

; Cordeiro, Laísa V

; Gomes, Ayala N. P

; Fernandes, Diégina A

; Teles, Yanna C. F

; Silva, Tania M. S. da

; Freire, Kristerson R. L

; Lima, Edeltrudes O

; Agra, Maria de Fátima

; Souza, Maria de Fátima V. de

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

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feb 2023, Volume 34 N. 2 Pages 220 - 227

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Considering the relevance of natural products to the development of new drugs, this study focuses on the species Sida rhombifolia (L.), Malvaceae, widely used as a traditional remedy in several countries. The species is used to treat several diseases such as fevers, skin diseases, stomach pain, diarrhea, gum infection, conjunctivitis, urinary infections and inflammation. Many researchers around the word have investigated its pharmacological potential, and many uses have been confirmed. In spite of that, the phytochemical composition of its extracts is still poorly investigated. This research aims to make advances on the understanding of the constituents of S. rhombifolia identifying its alkaloidal compounds using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS). By analyzing its alkaloidal fraction, it was possible to identify: 11-cryptolepine carboxylic acid (1), cryptolepine (2), quindoline (3), 11 methoxyquidoline (4), quindolinone (5), cryptolepinone (6), and 11-quindoline methyl ester (7). The alkaloids 1 and 7 are being reported for the first time from Sida genus. Based on the antimicrobial potential of cryptolepinone-type alkaloids, we prepared by semi-synthesis two cryptolepinone derivatives: 10-methylcryptolepinone (8) and the unreported compound 10-ethylcryptolepinone (9). Both derivatives were tested against fungal and bacterial strains and 10-methylcryptolepinone (8) showed strong activity against Cryptococcus neoformans, Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus flavus.

https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20220101

Effects of neutrophil extracellular traps during human respiratory syncytial virus infection in vitro
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Diniz, L.F.A.

; Matsuba, B.K.

; Souza, P.S.S.

; Lopes, B.R.P.

; Kubo, L.H.

; Oliveira, J.

; Toledo, K.A.

Brazilian Journal of Biology

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2023, Volume 83 elocation e248717

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo O vírus sincicial respiratório humano (hRSV) é a causa mais comum de doenças graves do trato respiratório inferior em crianças pequenas em todo o mundo, resultando em grande número de hospitalizações e gastos significativos para os sistemas de saúde. Neutrófilos são recrutados em massa para o tecido pulmonar de pacientes com doenças respiratórias agudas. No local da infecção, eles liberam armadilhas extracelulares de neutrófilos (NETs) que podem capturar e/ou inativar diferentes tipos de microrganismos, incluindo vírus. Evidências demonstraram que o acúmulo de NETs resulta em efeitos citotóxicos diretos nas células endoteliais e epiteliais. Os neutrófilos estimulados pela proteína F do vírus sincicial respiratório (hRSV-F) geram NETs que são capazes de capturar partículas virais, reduzindo assim sua transmissão. No entanto, a produção maciça de NETs obstrui as vias aéreas e aumenta a gravidade da doença. Assim, um maior conhecimento sobre os efeitos das NETs durante as infecções por hRSV é essencial para o desenvolvimento de novos tratamentos específicos e eficazes. Este estudo avaliou os efeitos das NETs no contato prévio ou posterior à infecção de células Hep-2 com hRSV. As células Hep-2 foram infectadas com diferentes quantidades de hRSV (multiplicidade de infecção ou MOI 0,5 ou 1,0), antes ou após a incubação com NETs (0,5–16 μg/mL). Células infectadas e não tratadas mostraram redução da viabilidade celular e intensa coloração com azul de tripano, que foi acompanhada pela formação de sincícios numerosos e grandes. O contato prévio entre as NETs e as células não resultou em efeito protetor. As células em monocamadas mostraram um número e área de sincícios reduzidos, mas a morte celular foi semelhante àquela apresentada por células infectadas e não tratadas. A adição de NETs aos tecidos infectados manteve taxa de morte celular e formação de sincícios semelhantes àqueles induzidos pelo vírus em células não tratadas, indicando danos citotóxicos e deletérios. Nossos resultados corroboram achados relatados anteriormente de que as NETs contribuem para a imunopatologia desenvolvida por pacientes infectados com hRSV.

Abstract The human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) is the most common cause of severe lower respiratory tract diseases in young children worldwide, leading to a high number of hospitalizations and significant expenditures for health systems. Neutrophils are massively recruited to the lung tissue of patients with acute respiratory diseases. At the infection site, they release neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) that can capture and/or inactivate different types of microorganisms, including viruses. Evidence has shown that the accumulation of NETs results in direct cytotoxic effects on endothelial and epithelial cells. Neutrophils stimulated by the hRSV-F protein generate NETs that are able to capture hRSV particles, thus reducing their transmission. However, the massive production of NETs obstructs the airways and increases disease severity. Therefore, further knowledge about the effects of NETs during hRSV infections is essential for the development of new specific and effective treatments. This study evaluated the effects of NETs on the previous or posterior contact with hRSV-infected Hep-2 cells. Hep-2 cells were infected with different hRSV multiplicity of infection (MOI 0.5 or 1.0), either before or after incubation with NETs (0.5–16 μg/mL). Infected and untreated cells showed decreased cellular viability and intense staining with trypan blue, which was accompanied by the formation of many large syncytia. Previous contact between NETs and cells did not result in a protective effect. Cells in monolayers showed a reduced number and area of syncytia, but cell death was similar in infected and non-treated cells. The addition of NETs to infected tissues maintained a similar virus-induced cell death rate and an increased syncytial area, indicating cytotoxic and deleterious damages. Our results corroborate previously reported findings that NETs contribute to the immunopathology developed by patients infected with hRSV.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.248717 144 downloads

The Effect of Space Allowance During Pre-Slaughter Transport of European Quail Breeders on Welfare, Carcass Traits and Meat Quality
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Silva Jr, AAG

; Silva, FV

; Maciel, MP

; Ferreira, F

; Oliveira, LLS

; Oliveira, PHA

; Dornelas, MEO

; Lopes, KDS

Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science

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2023, Volume 25 N. 2 elocation eRBCA-2022-1667

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT The objective was to evaluate whether space allowance during pre-slaughter transport of European breeding quail affects welfare, carcass traits and meat quality. A total of 248 quails (body weight = 344.90 ± 2.09 g) were used. During pre-transport, the quails were fasted for 5 hours and 30 minutes. The poultry were caught and placed in plastic transport crates with an area of 0.40 m2. The treatments consisted of a different space allowance in each crate: 22, 28, 34 or 40 quails per crate. Immediately upon arrival at the slaughterhouse, the quails were stunned. During bleeding, blood samples were collected. The carcasses were individually weighed. The meat quality was measured. Data were analysed using the effects of space allowance during transport of quails and pickup truck as dependent variables. Death on arrival increased as the space allowance in transport crates decreased (p=0.08). Glucose and uric acid levels were not significantly different between groups (p≥0.14). The cold carcass weight presented the maximum value when the crates contained 31 quails (p=0.03). The meat pH, intensity of red, intensity of yellow and cooking losses were not different between groups (p≥0.12). The meat lightness value presented the maximum value when the crates contained 31 quails (p=0.04). In view of the above, the number of European breeding quails transported in crates must not exceed 30 animals.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9061-2022-1667

In vitro effect of low-fluoride toothpaste supplemented with sodium trimetaphosphate, xylitol, and erythritol on enamel demineralization
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Oliveira, Letícia Gonçalves

; Delbem, Alberto Carlos Botazzo

; Gonçalves, Francyenne Maira Castro

; Fernandes, Gabriela Leal Peres

; Cannon, Mark L.

; Danelon, Marcelle

Journal of Applied Oral Science

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2023, Volume 31 elocation e20220410

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Regular use of toothpaste with fluoride (F) concentrations of ≥ 1000 ppm has been shown to contribute to reducing caries increment. However, when used by children during the period of dental development, it can lead to dental fluorosis. Objective: In this study, we aimed to evaluate the in vitro effect of a toothpaste formulation with reduced fluoride (F) concentration (200 ppm) supplemented with sodium trimetaphosphate (TMP: 0.2%), Xylitol (X:16%), and Erythritol (E: 4%) on dental enamel demineralization. Methodology: Bovine enamel blocks were selected according to initial surface hardness (SHi) and then divided into seven experimental toothpaste groups (n=12). These groups included 1) no F-TMP-X-E (Placebo); 2) 16% Xylitol and 4% Erythritol (X-E); 3) 16% Xylitol, 4% Erythritol and 0.2%TMP (X-E-TMP); 4) 200 ppm F (no X-E-TMP: (200F)); 5) 200 ppm F and 0.2% TMP (200F-TMP); 200 ppm F, 16% Xylitol, 4% Erythritol, and 0.2% TMP (200F-X-E-TMP); and 7) 1,100 ppm F (1100F). Blocks were individually treated 2×/day with slurries of toothpastes and subjected to a pH cycling regimen for five days (DES: 6 hours and RE: 18 hours). Then, the percentage of surface hardness loss (%SH), integrated loss of subsurface hardness (ΔKHN), fluoride (F), calcium (Ca), and phosphorus (P) in enamel were determined. The data were analyzed by ANOVA (1-criterion) and the Student-Newman-Keuls test (p<0.001). Results: We found that the 200F-X-E-TMP treatment reduced %SH by 43% compared to the 1100F treatments (p<0.001). The ΔKHN was ~ 65% higher with 200F-X-E-TMP compared to 1100F (p<0.001). The highest concentration of F in enamel was observed on the 1100F treatment (p<0.001). The 200F-X-E-TMP treatment promote higher increase of Ca and P concentration in the enamel (p<0.001). Conclusion: The association of 200F-X-E-TMP led to a significant increase of the protective effect on enamel demineralization compared to the 1100F toothpaste.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-7757-2022-0410

Fecal Incontinence or Pelvic Organ Prolapse Among Women with Premature Ovarian Insufficiency
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Fante, Júlia Ferreira

; Juliato, Cássia Raquel Teatin

; Benetti-Pinto, Cristina Laguna

; Brito, Luiz Gustavo Oliveira

Journal of Coloproctology (Rio de Janeiro)

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2023, Volume 43 N. 1 Pages 7 - 11

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Objectives To assess the status of the pelvic floor muscle (PFM) of premature ovarian insufficiency women (POI women) and the incidence of fecal incontinence (FI) and pelvic organ prolapse (POP). Methods A secondary analysis of a cross-sectional study with 150 women with POI was performed. Pelvic floor muscle assessment was performed with the PERFECT scale. The subscales POPDI-6 and CRADI-8 of the questionnaire Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory-20 (PFDI-20) were used for pelvic floor symptoms focused on FI and POP. Moreover, FI and POP were also assessed as dichotomous variables (yes/no). Results Women with FI and POP did not present differences in the PFM assessment across P (p = 0.61), E (p = 0.78), R (p = 0.22), and F (p = 0.79) variables when compared with women with POI; no differences were also seen between women with and without POP according the pelvic muscles: P (p = 0.91), E (p = 0.99), R (p = 0.62), and F (p = 0.10). Women with FI and POP presented higher scores in all PFDI-20 subscales and total score when compared with the control group (p < 0.05). Conclusions Pelvic floor muscle assessment within POI women with or without FI or POP did not differ. However, PF symptoms are more severe in the FI or POP groups.

https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-1764198

10.

Polyunsaturated fatty acids alter the formation of lipid droplets and eicosanoid production in Leishmania promastigotes
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Andrade, Yasmin Monara Ferreira de Sousa

; Castro, Monara Viera de

; Tavares, Victor de Souza

; Souza, Rayane da Silva Oliveira

; Faccioli, Lúcia Helena

; Lima, Jonilson Berlink

; Sorgi, Carlos Arterio

; Borges, Valéria M

; Araújo-Santos, Théo

Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz

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2023, Volume 118 elocation e220160

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

BACKGROUND The knowledge about eicosanoid metabolism and lipid droplet (LD) formation in the Leishmania is very limited and new approaches are needed to identify which bioactive molecules are produced of them. OBJECTIVES Herein, we compared LDs and eicosanoids biogenesis in distinct Leishmania species which are etiologic agents of different clinical forms of leishmaniasis. METHODS For this, promastigotes of Leishmania amazonensis, L. braziliensis and L. infantum were stimulated with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and LD and eicosanoid production was evaluated. We also compared mutations in structural models of human-like cyclooxygenase-2 (GP63) and prostaglandin F synthase (PGFS) proteins, as well as the levels of these enzymes in parasite cell extracts. FINDINGS PUFAs modulate the LD formation in L. braziliensis and L. infantum. Leishmania spp with equivalent tissue tropism had same protein mutations in GP63 and PGFS. No differences in GP63 production were observed among Leishmania spp, however PGFS production increased during the parasite differentiation. Stimulation with arachidonic acid resulted in elevated production of hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids compared to prostaglandins. MAIN CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest LD formation and eicosanoid production are distinctly modulated by PUFAS dependent of Leishmania species. In addition, eicosanoid-enzyme mutations are more similar between Leishmania species with same host tropism.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0074-02760220160

11.

Edible coating with microalgae and modified atmosphere packaging for post-harvest conservation of tomatoes
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Santos, Leônidas C dos

; Silva, Idelvan José da

; Santos, Arthur Vinicius D dos

; Sousa, Eder P da R

; Oliveira, Agda MF de

; Sousa, Valéria F de O

; Teodosio, Albert EM de M

; Onias, Elny A

; Araújo, Railene HCR

Horticultura Brasileira

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2023, Volume 41 elocation e2503

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

ABSTRACT Tomato fruits are highly perishable. In this sense, adopting techniques to maintain and extend its shelf life is essential. Recent studies have used microalgae as an edible coating for fruit, as it is a nutrient-rich alternative and reduces fruit mass loss and respiration, delaying senescence. The aim of this study was to evaluate the application of microalgae-based coatings with or without the use of modified atmosphere packaging, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), in post-harvest tomato conservation. The design used was completely randomized, in a 4x2 factorial arrangement, with four coatings (no coating, coating composed of Spirulina platensis sp., Chlorella sp. and Scenedesmus sp.) and two conditions (with and without PVC), totalizing 8 treatments, with four replicates, consisting of one fruit each. Stored for 7 days at 10±2ºC and 55±5% UR and evaluated at harvest and on the last day of storage. The fruits coated with Chlorella sp. without PVC and Scenedesmus sp. associated with PVC, showed the lowest mass losses, representing a reduction of 73.79% and 78.47%, respectively, in relation to the control. In addition to mass loss, the levels of ascorbic acid (18.91 and 16.97 mg/100 g), citric acid (4.02 and 4.01), respectively, and the SS/AT ratio also stood out. The microalgae Chlorella sp. and Scenedesmus sp. can be used in coating ‘Santa Clara’ tomato fruits to maintain their physicochemical characteristics over 7 days of storage. The use of PVC film coating helped maintain these characteristics, reducing the perishability of the fruits.

RESUMO Os frutos do tomateiro têm alta perecibilidade havendo a necessidade da adoção de técnicas que mantenham e prolonguem sua vida útil pós-colheita. Estudos recentes têm utilizado microalgas como recobrimento comestível em frutos, por ser uma alternativa rica em nutrientes e reduzir perda de massa e respiração do fruto e assim retardar a senescência. Objetivou-se avaliar a aplicação de revestimentos a base de microalgas com ou sem o uso de embalagem com atmosfera modificada (policloreto de vinila) na conservação pós-colheita de tomate. O delineamento utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, em arranjo fatorial 4x2, com quatro revestimentos (sem revestimento, revestimento com Spirulina platensis sp., Chlorella sp. e Scenedesmus sp.) e duas condições [com e sem PVC (policloreto de vinila)], totalizando 8 tratamentos, com quatro repetições, constituída por um fruto cada. Armazenados por 7 dias a 10±2ºC e 55±5% UR e avaliados na colheita e no último dia de armazenamento. Os frutos recobertos com Chlorella sp. sem o PVC e Scenedesmus sp. associado ao PVC, tiveram as menores perdas de massa, representando redução de 73,79% e 78,47%, respectivamente, em relação ao controle. Além da perda de massa, também tiveram destaque nos teores de ácido ascórbico (18,91 e 16,97 mg/100 g). As microalgas Chlorella sp. e Scenedesmus sp. podem ser utilizadas no revestimento de frutos do tomateiro ‘Santa Clara’ para manter suas características físico-químicas ao longo de 7 dias de armazenamento. A utilização do recobrimento com filme PVC auxilia na manutenção dessas características, diminuindo a taxa de perecibilidade dos frutos.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s0102-0536-2023-e2503

12.

Metabolic effect of low fluoride levels in the islets of NOD mice: integrative morphological, immunohistochemical, and proteomic analyses
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TREVIZOL, Juliana Sanches

; DIONIZIO, Aline

; DELGADO, Aislan Quintiliano

; VENTURA, Talita Mendes Oliveira

; RIBEIRO, Caroline Fernanda da Silva

; RIBEIRO, Laura

; BUZALAF, Nathalia Rabelo

; CESTARI, Tânia Mary

; MAGALHÃES, Ana Carolina

; SUZUKI, Maiko

; BOSQUEIRO, José Roberto

; BUZALAF, Marília Afonso Rabelo

Journal of Applied Oral Science

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2023, Volume 31 elocation e20230036

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Fluoride (F) has been widely used to control dental caries, and studies suggest beneficial effects against diabetes when a low dose of F is added to the drinking water (10 mgF/L). Objectives This study evaluated metabolic changes in pancreatic islets of NOD mice exposed to low doses of F and the main pathways altered by the treatment. Methodology In total, 42 female NOD mice were randomly divided into two groups, considering the concentration of F administered in the drinking water for 14 weeks: 0 or 10 mgF/L. After the experimental period, the pancreas was collected for morphological and immunohistochemical analysis, and the islets for proteomic analysis. Results In the morphological and immunohistochemical analysis, no significant differences were found in the percentage of cells labelled for insulin, glucagon, and acetylated histone H3, although the treated group had higher percentages than the control group. Moreover, no significant differences were found for the mean percentages of pancreatic areas occupied by islets and for the pancreatic inflammatory infiltrate between the control and treated groups. Proteomic analysis showed large increases in histones H3 and, to a lesser extent, in histone acetyltransferases, concomitant with a decrease in enzymes involved in the formation of acetyl-CoA, besides many changes in proteins involved in several metabolic pathways, especially energy metabolism. The conjunction analysis of these data showed an attempt by the organism to maintain protein synthesis in the islets, even with the dramatic changes in energy metabolism. Conclusion Our data suggests epigenetic alterations in the islets of NOD mice exposed to F levels comparable to those found in public supply water consumed by humans.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-7757-2023-0036

13.

Allometric model for estimating leaf area of ora-pro-nobis genotypes
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Cabral, Mateus O

; Oliveira, Fábio Luiz de

; Fialho, Gustavo S

; Pedrosa, Joab LF

; Teixeira, Ariany das G

; Dalvi, Leandro P

Horticultura Brasileira

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2023, Volume 41 elocation e2601

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

ABSTRACT The planting of unconventional vegetables has increased in Brazil. This is mainly due to the demand of nutritionally rich foods grown in sustainable crops. In this scenario, ora-pro-nobis stands out, as, although being part of the meal of large part of the Brazilian population, it has been cultivated despite the lack of scientific knowledge. Thus, this study aimed to adjust a leaf area estimation model for ora-pro-nobis, using the measurements of the leaves. For the model adjustment and validation, 4000 leaves were collected in four different genotypes, being 1000 in each of them. The regression models were adjusted using 2000 independent and random observations, using 500 leaves per genotype. Thus, the observed leaf area was studied as a linear function of the dimensions of the leaf blade: length (L), width (W) and product (LW). The remaining 2000 observations, also 500 per separate genotype, were used only in the statistical validation study. The adjusted allometric model based on the product (LW) proved to be precise and accurate for estimating the leaf area of ora-pro-nobis, being applicable to any of the four genotypes analyzed regardless of the leaf size: L A ^ L W = 0.9294 + 0.6815 x L W.

RESUMO O plantio de hortaliças não convencionais tem ganhado espaço no cenário nacional, o que se relaciona, principalmente, com a procura por alimentos nutricionalmente ricos advindos de cultivos sustentáveis. Neste cenário, destaca-se o ora-pro-nobis, que embora presente na mesa de muitos brasileiros, tem sido cultivado frente a escassez de conhecimento científico sobre a espécie. Assim, objetivou-se ajustar um modelo de estimação de área foliar (AF) em ora-pro-nobis, usando medidas de suas folhas. Para o ajuste dos modelos e validação do selecionado coletou-se 4000 folhas em quatro genótipos distintos, sendo 1000 em cada um deles. Os modelos de regressão foram ajustados a partir de 2000 observações independes e aleatórias, utilizando-se 500 folhas por genótipo. Deste modo, a área foliar observada foi estudada como função linear das dimensões do limbo foliar: comprimento (C), largura (L) e do produto (CL). As demais 2000 observações, também 500 por genótipo em separado, foram utilizadas apenas no estudo de validação estatística. O modelo alométrico ajustado baseado no produto (CL) mostrou-se preciso e acurado para a estimação da área foliar em ora-pro-nobis, sendo aplicável a qualquer um dos quatro genótipos analisados independentemente do tamanho de suas folhas: A F ^ C L = 0,9294 + 0,6815 x C L.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s0102-0536-2023-e2601

14.

Agronomic characterization and interaction of genotype by environment of quinoa under conditions of Brazil and Colombia
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Anchico-Jojoa, Wilson

; Peixoto, Jose Ricardo

; Oliveira Júnior, Antônio A de

Horticultura Brasileira

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2023, Volume 41 elocation e2629

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

ABSTRACT Quinoa is a highly adaptable crop due to its considerable genetic variability, making it an important trait for cultivation under different soil and climatic conditions. To achieve crop-wide adaptation, it is essential to identify variability based on morpho-agronomic differences and genotype x environment (GxE) interaction. This study aimed to characterize eight quinoa progenies in Brazil and Colombia. The experiments in Brazil were conducted in an irrigated area of the Fazenda Água Limpa, Universidade de Brasília, at 1,100 m, on two dates: March to July 2018 and May to August 2019. In Colombia, experiments were carried out in Santander de Quilichao and Popayán at 1,100 and 1,800 m, respectively. The treatments consisted of five progenies selected in Brazil, one from Colombia, and two from Ecuador. The experiments followed a complete randomized block design, with eight progenies and four replications. For statistical analysis, the F test was used with p≤0.01 and p≤0.05. Means were grouped by the Scott-Knott test. The AMMI (Additive Main effects and Multiplicative Interaction) analysis was performed, combining analysis of variance and analysis of principal components, to adjust the main effects of genotypes (G) and environments (E) and the GxE interaction. Significant differences were found at p≤0.01 and p≤0.05 for environments, genotypes, and the interaction of GxE. The progenies with wide adaptation to environments were BRX2, BRX5, BRX6 (selected from BRS Syetetuba) and PRIX (selected from Piartal), with average yields above 3,151.95 kg/ha. The genotypes showed differences at the same location in different periods, expressing the need to carry out selection for specific periods and locations. Genotypes BRX5 and BRX6 showed high agronomic potential in all evaluated environments, being promising for future genetic improvement programs.

RESUMO A quinoa é uma cultura altamente adaptável devido à sua considerável variabilidade genética, tornando-se uma característica importante para cultivo em diferentes condições edafoclimáticas. Para conhecer a adaptação da cultura, é essencial identificar a variabilidade com base nas diferenças morfo-agronômicas e interação genótipo x ambiente (GxE). Este estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar oito progênies de quinoa no Brasil e na Colômbia. Os experimentos no Brasil foram conduzidos em área irrigada da Fazenda Água Limpa, Universidade de Brasília, a 1.100 m, em duas datas: março a julho de 2018 e maio a agosto de 2019. Na Colômbia, os experimentos foram realizados em Santander de Quilichao e Popayán a 1.100 e 1.800 m, respectivamente. Os tratamentos consistiram de cinco progênies selecionadas no Brasil, uma da Colômbia e duas do Equador. Os experimentos seguiram o delineamento em blocos casualizados, com oito progênies e quatro repetições. Para análise estatística foi utilizado o teste F com p≤0,01 e p≤0,05. As médias foram agrupadas pelo teste de Scott-Knott. Foi realizada a análise AMMI (Additive Main effects and Multiplicative Interaction), combinando análise de variância e análise de componentes principais, para ajustar os principais efeitos dos genótipos (G) e ambientes (E) e da interação GxE. Diferenças significativas foram encontradas em p≤0,01 e p≤0,05 para ambientes, genótipos e interação GxE. As progênies com ampla adaptação aos ambientes foram BRX2, BRX5, BRX6 (selecionadas em BRS Syetetuba) e PRIX (selecionadas em Piartal), com rendimentos médios acima de 3.151,95 kg/ha. Os genótipos apresentaram diferenças no mesmo local em diferentes períodos, expressando a necessidade de realização de seleção para períodos e locais específicos. Os genótipos BRX5 e BRX6 apresentaram elevado potencial agronômico em todos os ambientes avaliados, sendo promissores para futuros programas de melhoramento genético.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s0102-0536-2023-e2629

15.

Aerobic exercise prevents cardiomyocyte damage caused by oxidative stress in early cardiovascular disease by increasing vascularity while L-arginine supplementation prevents it by increasing activation of the enzyme nitric oxide synthase
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Bertoldi, J.M.C.R.J.

; Kindlovits, R.

; Rocha, H.N.M.

; Fernandes-Santos, C.

; Gomes, J.L.P.

; Oliveira, E.M.

; Muniz, I.C.

; Santos, M.M.

; Pereira, J.F.

; Rocha, N.G.

; Nóbrega, A.C.L. da

; Medeiros, R.F.

Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research

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2023, Volume 56 elocation e12533

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

L-Arginine and chronic exercise reduce oxidative stress. However, it is unclear how they affect cardiomyocytes during cardiovascular disease (CVD) development. The aim of this research was to investigate the possible effects of L-arginine supplementation and aerobic training on systemic oxidative stress and their consequences on cardiomyocytes during cardiometabolic disease onset caused by excess fructose. Wistar rats were allocated into four groups: control (C), fructose (F, 10% fructose in water), fructose training (FT; moderate running, 50-70% of the maximal velocity), and fructose arginine (FA; 880 mg/kg/day). Fructose was given for two weeks and fructose plus treatments for the subsequent eight weeks. Body composition, blood glucose, insulin, lipid profile, lipid peroxidation, nitrite, metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) activity, left ventricle histological changes, microRNA-126, -195, and -146, eNOS, p-eNOS, and TNF-α expressions were analyzed. Higher abdominal fat mass, triacylglycerol level, and insulin level were observed in the F group, and both treatments reversed these alterations. Myocardial vascularization was impaired in fructose-fed groups, except in FT. Cardiomyocyte hypertrophy was observed in all fructose-fed groups. TNF-α levels were higher in fructose-fed groups than in the C group, and p-eNOS levels were higher in the FA than in the C and F groups. Lipid peroxidation was higher in the F group than in the FT and C groups. During CVD onset, moderate aerobic exercise reduced lipid peroxidation, and both training and L-arginine prevented metabolic changes caused by excessive fructose. Myocardial vascularization was impaired by fructose, and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy appeared to be influenced by pro-inflammatory and oxidative environments.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1414-431x2023e12533

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