ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the cholecalciferol and 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol glycoside supplementation in piglet diet on organ biometry and physicochemical composition, pH of the digestive tract contents, and bone traits. A total of 128 entire male piglets (21 days-old, 6.82±0.38 kg body weight) were distributed in a completely randomized block design with eight replications and four animals per experimental unit. The treatments were composed of a diet 100/0 = 100% of the vitamin D supplemented with cholecalciferol; 50/50 = 50% supplemented with cholecalciferol + 0.25 μg of 1,25(OH)2D3 glycoside; 25/75 = 25% supplemented with cholecalciferol + 0.375 μg of 1,25(OH)2D3 glycoside; and 0/100 = 0.50 μg of 1,25(OH)2D3 glycoside. The results indicated that piglets fed 100/0 showed an increase in spleen weight compared with those fed 0/100 and greater heart dry matter than piglets fed the 50/50 diet. Phosphorus concentration in the spleen was higher in piglets that received 25/75 when compared with those that received the 100/0 and 0/100 diets. Piglets that received the 0/100 diet showed higher pH of the stomach contents, but showed reduced pH of the contents of the jejunum and ileum. The width of the epiphysis and diaphysis was greater when piglets consumed the 50/50 treatment; however, a lower epiphysis height was observed. The use of 1,25(OH)2D3 glycoside alone in piglet diets does not negatively influence the pH of the gastrointestinal tract and organ physicochemical composition. In addition, the use of diets with 1,25(OH)2D3 glycoside as a replacement for cholecalciferol reduces spleen weight and promotes improvements in bone development.

RESUMO O crambe pode ser uma alternativa viável no controle de fitonematoides. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar qual o melhor método de aplicação do extrato de Crambe abyssinica no controle de Meloidogyne incognita. O primeiro experimento foi conduzido em esquema fatorial (3x4+1) em casa de vegetação, com três vias de aplicação do extrato (foliar; solo; foliar+solo), em quatro épocas de aplicação (antes da inoculação; na inoculação; após a inoculação; e semanalmente até 45 dias após a inoculação), e com um tratamento adicional (testemunha). No segundo experimento, o esquema fatorial foi (3x2+1), com três vias de aplicação como citado anteriormente, e duas épocas (após a inoculação e semanalmente). A via foliar após a inoculação e a via solo semanalmente reduziram 23,50% e 30,77% a massa de ovos em comparação à testemunha, respectivamente. A redução do número de galhas com aplicações semanais tanto via solo como via solo+folha foi de 49,27% em comparação à testemunha. No segundo experimento, menos massa de ovos e galhas totais foram verificadas em aplicações via solo semanalmente. A redução de juvenis de segundo estádio (J2) e ovos por grama de raiz foi observada após a inoculação pela via solo+folha, e semanalmente via solo e via solo+folha, com valores 55,24%, 61,57% e 60% inferior à testemunha, respectivamente. O extrato de crambe aplicado via solo semanalmente foi promissor para o manejo de M. incognita na cultura do tomateiro.

ABSTRACT Crambe may be a viable alternative in the control of plant nematodes. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the best method for applying Crambe abyssinica extract to control Meloidogyne incognita. The first experiment was conducted in a (3x4+1) factorial design in a greenhouse, using three modes of extract application (leaf; soil; leaf + soil), in four times of application (before inoculation; during inoculation; after inoculation; and weekly until 45 days after inoculation), with an additional treatment (control). In the second experiment, factorial design was (3x2+1), with three application modes, as mentioned above, and two times of application (after inoculation and weekly). Application on the leaf after inoculation and weekly application on the soil reduced egg mass by 23.50% and 30.77%, respectively, compared to control. The reduction in the number of root-knots with weekly applications both on the soil and on the soil + leaf was 49.27%, compared to control. In the second experiment, less egg mass and total root-knots were verified with weekly applications. Second-stage juveniles (J2) and eggs per gram of root reduced after inoculation via soil + leaf and weekly inoculation via soil and via soil + leaf, showing values 55.24%, 61.57% and 60% lower than those of control, respectively. Crambe extract weekly applied on the soil showed promising for the management of M. incognita in tomato plants.

This study aims to evaluate the bioaccumulation of macronutrients and heavy metals in the golden mussel according to its collection site and seasonality in the aquaculture area of the reservoir from April/2009 to March/2010. There is no difference (p > 0.05) in the concentration of metals with respect to the point of collection. The concentrations of Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cd and Pb were higher (p < 0.05) in spring and summer than in fall and winter. Values of the heavy-metal pollution index (MPI) for collection point and seasonality indicate environmental contamination in the aquaculture area.

OBJETIVOS: Analisar o padrão topográfico da gastrite por H. pylori em relação ao status cagA e associação com úlcera duodenal (UD) e carcinoma gástrico precoce (CaGp). MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Estudamos prospectivamente 160 biopsias endoscópicas e 40 peças de gastrectomia por CaGp. Amostras do antro e do corpo na pequena e grande curvaturas, da incisura e do tumor, foram processadas rotineiramente para histologia com histoquímica para caracterização da metaplasia intestinal (MI). O Helicobacter pylori foi avaliado por histologia, imuno-histoquímica, cultura e reação em cadeia de polimerase (PCR) e o status cagA por PCR. A gastrite crônica (GC) foi classificada segundo o sistema Sydney. Realizou-se estudo topográfico em 130 pacientes, analisando os parâmetros de gastrite comparativamente entre as áreas e em relação ao status cagA. RESULTADOS: Cento e vinte e um pacientes apresentaram GC, 24 UD e 14 eram normais. Detectaram-se amostras cagA-positivas em 59 pacientes com GC, 17 com UD e 24 com CaGp. Todos os parâmetros de GC foram significativamente mais intensos nos pacientes infectados por amostras cagA-positivas, que se associavam ainda à presença de atrofia e MI. A MI foi significativamente mais intensa na porção média da pequena curvatura antral do que nas demais regiões. Nos pacientes com GC e CaGp, infectados por amostras cagA-positivas, inflamação e atividade acometiam igualmente o antro e corpo distal, enquanto a atrofia e a MI predominavam no antro, particularmente na pequena curvatura do antro médio. Nos pacientes cagA-negativos a GC era predominantemente antral, e na UD a GC apresentava predominância antral, independentemente do status cagA. CONCLUSÕES: Nossos dados sugerem que o padrão de gastrite por H. pylori se relaciona com fatores de virulência da bactéria. As lesões pré-neoplásicas são significativamente mais intensas na pequena curvatura do antro médio, onde surge a maioria dos carcinomas gástricos (CaG).

AIMS: We aimed to investigate the topographical pattern of H. pylori gastritis in relation to cagA status and association with duodenal ulcer (DU) and early gastric carcinoma (EGCa). MATERIALS AND METHOD: We studied chronic gastritis (CG) in 160 patients submitted to upper endoscopy and in 40 patients with EGCa submitted to gastrectomy. Samples were taken from the antrum and corpus in the lesser and greater curvatures, incisura and from the tumour and were processed routinely for histology and histochemistry for intestinal metaplasia (IM) characterisation. H. pylori was evaluated by histology, immunohistochemistry, culture, and PCR; cagA status was evaluated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). CG was analyzed according to the updated Sydney System. In 130 patients a topographic study was conducted by the comparative analysis of the gastritis parameters among the areas and according to cagA status. RESULTS: CG was observed in 121 patients, 24 had UD and 14 were normal. cagA-positive strains were detected in 59 patients with GC, 17 DU and 24 EGCa. All gastritis parameters were significantly more intense in the cagA-positive group than in cagA-negative one. Infection by cagA-positive strains was associated with atrophy and IM. IM was significantly more intense in the middle portion of the lesser curvature in the antral mucosa. In CG or EGCa patients infected with cagA-positive strains, inflammation and activity compromised equally the antrum and distal corpus, whereas atrophy and IM were more frequently found in the antral mucosa. In DU, CG was antral-predominant irrespectively of cagA status. CONCLUSIONS: According to our data the topographical pattern of H. pylori-associated gastritis seems to be associated with cagA status. Precancerous lesions were significantly more intense in the antral lesser curvature, where most gastric carcinomas arise.

A Doença de Whipple (DW) é doença sistêmica rara, de etiologia infecciosa, que acomete o intestino delgado, mas pode afetar virtualmente qualquer órgão. Apresentamos cinco casos com idade que variou entre 20 e 59 anos, sendo quatro do sexo masculino e um feminino. Todos tinham em comum o comprometimento intestinal, associado ou não às manifestações clínicas ligadas a esse orgão. Em uma paciente, foi observada vegetação na válvula tricúspide, sugerindo endocardite pelo Tropheryma whippelii, com desaparecimento das alterações ecocardiográficas após o tratamento. Em um dos pacientes do sexo masculino, o quadro clínico inicial foi de espondilite sorológica negativa e, em momento algum de sua evolução observou-se diarréia. Acometimento ocular associado à mabsorção intestinal e emagrecimento significativo foi evidenciado em um caso. Nos outros dois, a diarréia foi a manifestação clínica principal. Em todos, o diagnóstico foi feito através do estudo histológico por microscopia ótica e eletrônica da mucosa jejunal e, quando indicado, de tecidos extra-intestinais. Após o tratamento com antibioticoterapia, houve remissão completa dos sintomas, em todos os casos. O controle realizado através da microscopia eletrônica de mucosa jejunal, após doze meses de tratamento com sulfametoxazol-trimetropim, mostrou em quatro, o desaparecimento do T. whippelii. O outro paciente abandonou o seguimento.

Whipple's disease (WD) is a rare systemic disease of infectious etiology which involves the small intestine but can virtually affect any organ. We present here five cases (four males and one female) ranging in age from 20 to 59 years. All patients had intestinal involvement associated or not with clinical manifestations linked to this organ. Vegetation in the tricuspid valve was observed in one patient, suggesting endocarditis caused by Tropheryma whippelii, with disappearance of the echocardiographic alterations after treatment. In one of the male patients the initial clinical manifestation was serologically negative spondylitis, with no diarrhea occurring at any time during follow-up. Ocular involvement associated with intestinal malabsorption and significant weight loss were observed in one case. In the other two cases, diarrhea was the major clinical manifestation. All patients were diagnosed by histological examination of the jejunal mucosa and, when indicated, of extraintestinal tissues by light and electron microscopy. After antibiotic treatment, full remission of symptoms occurred in all cases. A control examination of the intestinal mucosa performed after twelve months of treatment with sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim revealed the disappearance of T. whippelii in four patients. The remaining patient was lost to follow-up.

Relata-se um caso de paciente acometida de esquistossomose mansoni hepatoesplênica, com comprometimento pulmonar, a qual veio a falecer, após administração de pequena dose de antimonial, em intensa dispnéia e cianose, sem sinais de "fragmentatio cordis". Não havia sinais clínicos de insuficiência cardíaca congestiva, embora os dados de necropsia sugerissem êste diagnóstico. Salienta-se o agravamento rápido da sobrecarga ventricular direita, após a anti-monioterapia, e a desproporção entre os quadros anatômico e clínico de acometimento pulmonar da parasitose. Comentam-se o diagnóstico diferencial da cianose em casos de pneumopatia esquistossomótica 2 a presença de púrpura trombocitopênica, de icterícia e de glomerulonefrite crônica.

A case is reported of a female patient with hepatosplenic schistosomiasis mansoni, with commitment of the lungs, who died in severe dyspnea and cyanosis, without any sign of "fragmentatio cordis", after having taken a small dosis of antimonial. There were no clinical signs of congestive heart failure, although the data of the necropsy had suggested this diagnosis. The authors call attention to the quick aggravation of right ventricular hypertrophy, after the antimonial, and the disproportion between the clinical and anatomical picture of lungs commitment of the parasitosis. The differential diagnosis of cyanosis in cases of schistosomal lung disease, and the presence of thrombocytopenic purpura, jaundice and chronic glomerulonephritis in this case are discussed.

O autor tece comentários sobre o valor do exame parasitológico das fezes anterior a qualquer tratamento para o diagnóstico da esquistossomose mansoni, acentuando que a sua positividade traduz sempre infecção esquistossomótica e parasitose ativa. Considera, a seguir, o valor da biópsia retal, mostrando que êste método evidencia a infecção em 95% dos casos portadores da forma intestinal e em 75% daqueles com esquistossomose hepatoesplênica; o exame coprológico é, portanto, superior para o diagnóstico da forma hepatoesplênica. O encontro exclusivo de ovos mortos e/ou granulomas e/ou cascas firma o diagnóstico da infecção.

An. account is given on the value of stool examinations to the diagnosis of schistosomiasis mansoni; its positivity indicates active parasitism. Rectal biopsy was able to demonstrate the infection in 95% of intestinal cases and in 75% of hepatosplenic schistosomiasis; therefore, faeces examinations are necessary in order to diagnose a greater number of hepatoesplenic cases. The presence of dead eggs and/or granulomas and/or shells evidenciates the infection.