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Screener, a board game supplemented with online resources, was introduced and distributed by the Brazilian Society of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics to postgraduate programs as an instructional tool for the process of drug discovery and development (DDD). In this study, we provided a comprehensive analysis of five critical aspects for evaluating the quality of educational games, namely: 1) description of the intervention; 2) underlying pedagogical theory; 3) identification of local educational gaps; 4) impact on diverse stakeholders; and 5) elucidation of iterative quality enhancement processes. We also present qualitative and quantitative assessments of the effectiveness of this game in 11 postgraduate courses. We employed the MEEGA+ online survey, comprising thirty-three close-ended unipolar items with 5-point Likert-type response scales, to assess student perceptions of the quality and utility of Screener. Based on 115 responses, the results indicated a highly positive outlook among students. In addition, we performed a preliminary evaluation of learning outcomes in two courses involving 28 students. Pre- and post-quizzes were applied, each consisting of 20 True/False questions directly aligned with the game's content. The analysis revealed significant improvement in students' performance following engagement with the game, with scores rising from 8.4 to 13.3 (P<0.0001, paired t-test) and 9.7 to 12.7 (P<0.0001, paired t-test). These findings underscore the utility of Screener as an enjoyable and effective tool for facilitating a positive learning experience in the DDD process. Notably, the game can also reduce the educational disparities across different regions of our continental country.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1414-431x2023e13258

Meningoencephalomyelitis and pneumonia caused by Cryptococcus spp. in a cat - case report
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Siviero, A.S.

; Rivas, B.B.

; Redaelli, R.

; Veronezi, T.M.

; Slaviero, M.

; Oliveira, E.C.

; Sonne, L.

; Costa, F.V.A.

Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia

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oct 2023, Volume 75 N. 5 Pages 941 - 946

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

ABSTRACT Cryptococcosis is an important systemic mycosis with worldwide distribution that affects men and also domestic and wild animals. The infection is acquired by inhalation of the fungus or basidiospores present in the environment and may manifest as localized nasal or ocular injury, pulmonary illness or, less commonly, as meningoencephalomyelitis. Long-term treatment is necessary, and the prognosis is reserved. This paper aims to report a case of invasive cryptococcosis in a domestic cat that was presented with neurological signs. It is intended to emphasize the systemic nature of the infection and its possible routes of infection, reinforcing the importance of investigating this disease as a differential diagnosis of clinical manifestations with neurological involvement in cats.

RESUMO A criptococose é uma importante micose sistêmica de distribuição mundial, que acomete homens, animais domésticos e silvestres. A infecção é adquirida pela inalação do fungo ou de basidiósporos presentes no ambiente e pode manifestar-se por lesão nasal ou ocular localizada, por comprometimento pulmonar, ou, menos comumente, como meningoencefalomielite. O diagnóstico definitivo nos casos neurológicos é desafiador, assim como seu tratamento. Este trabalho tem como objetivo relatar um caso de meningoencefalomielite e pneumonia por criptococose diagnosticado por meio de histopatologia, em um felino doméstico. Pretende-se enfatizar o caráter sistêmico da infecção e suas possíveis vias de infecção, reforçando a importância da investigação dessa doença como diagnóstico diferencial de manifestações clínicas com envolvimento neurológico em gatos.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-12947

Air velocity spatial variability in open Compost-Bedded Pack Barn system with positive pressure ventilation
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OLIVEIRA, CARLOS EDUARDO A.

; TINÔCO, ILDA DE FÁTIMA F.

; DAMASCENO, FLÁVIO A.

; OLIVEIRA, VICTOR C. DE

; RODRIGUES, PEDRO HENRIQUE M.

; FERRAZ, GABRIEL A.S.

; SOUSA, FERNANDA C. DE

; ANDRADE, RAFAELLA R.

; NASCIMENTO, JOÃO ANTÔNIO C. DO

; SILVA, LEONARDO F. DA

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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2023, Volume 95 Suppl. 1 elocation e20220415

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract In Compost-Bedded Pack Barn (CBP) systems, air velocity is linked with the thermal comfort of housed dairy cattle and bedding quality and, therefore, assessing ventilation efficiency is essential. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate and characterize dependence and spatial distribution of air velocity at the 1.5 m height (vair,M) and at bedding level (vair,B) in an open CBP system with positive pressure ventilation. The study was conducted in 2021, in a facility located in the Zona da Mata region, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The facility area was divided into a mesh composed of 55 equidistant points, where vair,M and vair,B data were collected in the morning (09:00 a.m.) and afternoon (03:00 p.m.) periods, during three weeks in Brazilian winter. Geostatistics techniques were used to assess dependence and spatial distribution. In both periods evaluated, there were a strong occurrence of spatial dependence and non-uniform vair,M and vair,B distributions. The vair,M and vair,B values were lower than recommended (1.8 m∙s–1) in more than 65.0% of the area. Adequate ventilation levels were observed only in the first 20.0 m of the facility, from Southeast to Northwest, because of the fan lines present.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202320220415

A model for preservation of thymocyte-depleted thymus
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Dias, A.S.

; Damaceno-Rodrigues, N.R.

; Gimenez, T.M.

; Oliveira, P.M.

; Zerbini, M.C.

; Carneiro-Sampaio, M.

; Odone Filho, V.

; Jatene, M.B.

; Vasconcelos, D.M.

; Rocha, V.

; Novak, E.M.

Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research

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2023, Volume 56 elocation e12647

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

DiGeorge syndrome is a disorder caused by a microdeletion on the long arm of chromosome 22. Approximately 1% of patients diagnosed with DiGeorge syndrome may have an absence of a functional thymus, which characterizes the complete form of the syndrome. These patients require urgent treatment to reconstitute T cell immunity. Thymus transplantation is a promising investigational procedure for reconstitution of thymic function in infants with congenital athymia. Here, we demonstrate a possible optimization of the preparation of thymus slices for transplantation through prior depletion of thymocytes and leukocyte cell lineages followed by cryopreservation with cryoprotective media (5% dextran FP 40, 5% Me2SO, and 5% FBS) while preserving tissue architecture. Thymus fragments were stored in liquid nitrogen at -196°C for 30 days or one year. The tissue architecture of the fragments was preserved, including the distinction between medullary thymic epithelial cells (TECs), cortical TECs, and Hassall bodies. Moreover, depleted thymus fragments cryopreserved for one year were recolonized by intrathymic injections of 3×106 thymocytes per mL, demonstrating the capability of these fragments to support T cell development. Thus, this technique opens up the possibility of freezing and storing large volumes of thymus tissue for immediate transplantation into patients with DiGeorge syndrome or atypical (Omenn-like) phenotype.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1414-431x2023e12647

Identification of carboxymethyl (CM)-binding proteins derived from Lolium multiflorum pollen extract and antibody reactivity in Brazilian allergic patients
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Correa, A.S.

; Miranda, J.S.

; Oliveira, L.A.R.

; Moreira, P.F.S.

; Vieira, F.A.M.

; Cunha-Junior, J.P.

; Resende, R.O.

; Taketomi, E.A.

Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research

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2023, Volume 56 elocation e12957

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Lolium multiflorum grass is the major pollen allergen source in the southern region of Brazil, but most of its allergens remain poorly characterized. The aim of this study was to investigate antibody reactivity to L. multiflorum crude and carboxymethyl-ligand extracts in allergic patients and healthy individuals. Ion exchange carboxymethyl (CM) chromatography (CM-Sepharose) was used to isolate proteins (S2) from L. multiflorum crude extract (S1), which were assessed by SDS-PAGE. S1- and S2-specific IgE and IgG4 levels were measured by ELISA using sera from 55 atopic and 16 non-atopic subjects. Reactive polypeptide bands in S1 and S2 were detected by immunoblotting, and the most prominent bands in S2 were analyzed by mass spectrometry (MS-MS). Similar IgE and IgG4 levels were observed to both S1 (IgE median absorbance: 1.22; IgG4 median absorbance: 0.68) and S2 (IgE median absorbance: 1.26; IgG4 median absorbance: 0.85) in atopic subjects. S1 and S2 had positive correlations for IgE and IgG4 (IgE: r=0.9567; IgG4: r=0.9229; P<0.0001) levels. Homology between S1 and S2 was confirmed by IgE (84%) and IgG4 (83%) inhibition. Immunoblotting revealed that the 29-32 kDa band was recognized by 100% of atopic subjects in both S1 and S2. MS-MS analysis identified similarity profile to groups 1 and 5 grass allergens. This study revealed that carboxymethyl-ligand fraction played an important role for pollen allergy diagnosis by containing clinically relevant allergens and constituted a promising candidate for allergen-specific immunotherapy.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1414-431x2023e12957

Influencia de parámetros claves de cargas cíclicas sobre el comportamiento de un suelo estabilizado químicamente no reforzado y reforzado con fibras
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Villarroel-Ortega, Jorge A.

; Correia, Antonio A.S.

; Venda Oliveira, Paulo J.

; Lemos, Luís J.L.

Obras y proyectos

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jun 2022, N. 31 Pages 29 - 34

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

In this work the effect of the number of cyclic loads on the mechanical behaviour of a chemically stabilised soft soil, reinforced with synthetic polypropylene fibres, and not reinforced, are analysed. This experimental study was carried out on a Portuguese soft soil collected in the Baixo Mondego area in the centre of the country. The laboratory work is based on the following tests: i) monotonic unconfined compression test (UCS), ii) cyclic unconfined compression test performed with different numbers of cycles (2500, 5000, 10000) and several frequencies (0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 Hz) for a load corresponding to 50% of the strength evaluated in the monotonic tests (UCS) and iii) monotonic UCS tests performed after the cyclic loading stag (UCSpc). The analysis is complemented with the study of the accumulated permanent axial deformation developed during the cyclic stage. The results show that the accumulated permanent axial strain increases with the number of cycles, also the strength and stiffness after the cyclic loading stage increase their values.

En este trabajo se analiza el efecto de parámetros claves de la solicitud cíclica en el comportamiento mecánico de un suelo blando químicamente estabilizado, no reforzado y reforzado con fibras sintéticas de polipropileno. Este estudio experimental se realizó en un suelo blando portugués recogido en la zona del Baixo Mondego en el centro del país. El trabajo de laboratorio se llevó a cabo desarrollando las siguientes pruebas: i) monotónico de compresión no confinada (UCS), ii) prueba cíclica de compresión no confinada realizada con diferentes números de ciclos (2500, 5000, 10000) y diferentes frecuencias (0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 Hz) para una carga correspondiente al 50% de la resistencia evaluada en las pruebas monotónicas (UCS) y iii) pruebas de UCS monotónicas realizadas luego de la etapa cíclica (UCSpc. El análisis se complementa con el estudio de la deformación axial permanente acumulada desarrollada durante la etapa cíclica. Los resultados muestran que la deformación axial permanente acumulada aumenta con el número de ciclos, también se observa que aumenta la resistencia y la rigidez después de la etapa de carga cíclica.

https://doi.org/10.4067/s0718-28132022000100029 37 downloads

Different acquisition systems for heart rate variability analysis may lead to diverse outcomes
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Oliveira Júnior, F.A. de

; Pereira, R.A.

; Silva, A.S.

; Brito Alves, J.L. de

; Costa-Silva, J.H.

; Braga, V.A.

; Balarini, C.M.

Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research

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2022, Volume 55 elocation e11720

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Heart rate variability (HRV) is a relevant physiological variable for the estimation of cardiac autonomic function. Although the gold standard for HRV registration is the electrocardiogram (ECG), several applications (APPs) have been increasingly developed. The evaluation carried out by these devices must be compatible with ECG standards. The aim of this study was to compare the data obtained simultaneously with ECG and APP with chest heart rate transmitters. Fifty-six healthy individuals (28 men and 28 women) were evaluated at rest through a short simultaneous HRV measurement with both devices. Data from both acquisition systems were analyzed separately using their own analysis software and exported and analyzed using a validated software. Signal recordings were compatible between the two acquisition systems (Pearson r=0.99; P<0.0001). Although a high correlation was found for the HRV variables obtained in the time domain (Spearman r=0.99; P<0.0001), the correlation decreased in the frequency domain (Pearson r=0.85; P<0.0001) when two software programs were used. Comparison of the averages of spectral analysis parameters also showed differences when HRV data were analyzed separately in each device for low-frequency (LF) and high-frequency (HF) bands. Although the portability of these mobile devices allows for optimal HRV evaluation, the direct analysis obtained from these devices must be carefully evaluated with respect to frequency domain parameters.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1414-431x2021e11720

EXEMPLIFICANDO O USO DO MACRO MAPEAMENTO ELEMENTAR POR XRF (MA-XRF) NA INVESTIGAÇÃO FORENSE DE OBRAS DE ARTE
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Pimenta, André R.

; Felix, Valter S.

; Silva, Daniele M.

; Pereira, Marcelo O.

; Oliveira, Ana L.

; Ferreira, Douglas S.

; Carvalho, Cristiano S.

; Silva, Fabricio L.

; Gonçalves, Elicardo A.S.

; Dutra, Rafael S.

; Pereira, Leandro O.

; Pereira, Ronaldo V.

; Freitas, Renato P.

Química Nova

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2022, Volume 45 N. 3 Pages 297 - 303

Abstract: Pt | Text: Pt | PDF: Pt

EXEMPLIFYING THE USE OF MACRO ELEMENTAL MAPPING BY XRF (MA-XRF) SCANNING IN FORENSIC INVESTIGATION OF ARTWORKS. This work exemplifies the potential of employing macro elemental mapping by XRF (MA XRF) scanning in the forensic investigation of artworks. The results of the investigation of two artworks of different styles and periods are presented and discussed. The images provided by MA-XRF scanning have information about the elemental distribution, which is related to pigments used in the artwork. These images bring different information such as: if there are underlying paintings; if a given pigment was used for the purpose of restoration or in the creation. Therefore, through the images, it is possible to obtain information, which refers to the process of creating the artwork and the history of conservation and restoration. Through the results, it was possible to verify that the two artworks are probably false because they present anachronistic pigments with the supposed period of creation. The analyzes were performed using a portable MA-XRF scanning system, and in addition to presenting the utility of the instrument in these investigations, the work also presents possibilities to explore the MA-XRF data through multivariate statistical analysis and image correlation.

https://doi.org/10.21577/0100-4042.20170826

Does selective logging affect litter deposition rates in central Brazilian Amazonia?
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BARREIROS, JARLESON L.

; OLIVEIRA, NAIARA S. DE

; CERBONCINI, RICARDO A.S.

; KLEMANN JUNIOR, LOURI

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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2022, Volume 94 N. 3 elocation e20201654

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Selective logging is one of the main human activities that are drastically modifying tropical forests around the world. Reduced-impact logging emerged as a rational model of timber harvesting that reduces the impacts on the ecosystems and contributes to the conservation of natural resources. Nevertheless, this type of activity may still alter the forest structure, nutrient cycling, soil drainage, and other important ecosystem processes. Here, we aimed at testing the effects of selective logging on litter deposition in central Brazilian Amazonia. We estimated litter production during one dry and one rainy season in 11 sites logged between 2003 and 2017 and one unlogged site. Mean litter deposition was greater during the dry season. Although litter deposition rates varied between a few study sites, this variation was independent of the time after logging. The results suggest that the low logging intensity in the study site (16.8 m³/ha) had no intense impacts on litter deposition. Reduced-impact logging may be an alternative for the use of forest resources in Amazonian forests without compromising nutrient cycles.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202220201654

10.

Matteucinol combined with temozolomide inhibits glioblastoma proliferation, invasion, and progression: an in vitro, in silico, and in vivo study
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Netto, J.B.

; Melo, E.S.A.

; Oliveira, A.G.S.

; Sousa, L.R.

; Santiago, L.R.

; Santos, D.M.

; Chagas, R.C.R.

; Gonçalves, A.S.

; Thomé, R.G.

; Santos, H.B.

; Reis, R.M.

; Ribeiro, R.I.M.A.

Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research

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2022, Volume 55 elocation e12076

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Glioblastoma is the most prevalent and malignant brain tumor identified in adults. Surgical resection followed by radiotherapy and chemotherapy, mainly with temozolomide (TMZ), is the chosen treatment for this type of tumor. However, the average survival of patients is around 15 months. Novel approaches to glioblastoma treatment are greatly needed. Here, we aimed to investigate the anti-glioblastoma effect of the combination of matteucinol (Mat) (dihydroxyflavanone derived from Miconia chamissois Naudin) with the chemotherapeutic TMZ in vitro using tumor (U-251MG) and normal astrocyte (NHA) cell lines and in vivo using the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay. The combination was cytotoxic and selective for tumor cells (28 μg/mL Mat and 9.71 μg/mL TMZ). Additionally, the combination did not alter cell adhesion but caused morphological changes characteristic of apoptosis in vitro. Notably, the combination was also able to reduce tumor growth in the chick embryo model (CAM assay). The docking results showed that Mat was the best ligand to the cell death membrane receptor TNFR1 and to TNFR1/TMZ complex, suggesting that these two molecules may be working together increasing their potential. In conclusion, Mat-TMZ can be a good candidate for pharmacokinetic studies in view of clinical use for the treatment of glioblastoma.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1414-431x2022e12076

11.

Nutritional composition of larvae of mealworm (Tenebrio molitor L.) and crickets (Gryllus assimilis) with potential usage in feed
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Fialho, A.T.S.

; Silva, A.S.

; Brito, C.O.

; Vale, P.A.C.B.

; Oliveira, C.J.P.

; Ribeiro Junior, V.

Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia

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mar 2021, Volume 73 N. 2 Pages 539 - 542

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO Atualmente, tem-se discutido a utilização de insetos na alimentação animal devido ao seu potencial para substituir as fontes tradicionais de proteína utilizadas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a composição nutricional de larvas de Tenebrio molitor e de grilos do gênero Gryllus assimilis. Os teores de energia bruta (kcal/kg), proteína bruta (g/kg), extrato etéreo (g/kg), cinza (g/kg), FDN (g/kg) e FDA (g/kg) encontrados nas larvas de Tenebrio molitor foram de 7.188,6, 490,2, 335,4, 36,8, 71,8, e 64,0 respectivamente; nos grilos (Gryllus assimilis), os valores foram de 5.942,6, 541,3, 75,2, 49,1, 277,8, e 193,0 respectivamente. Os macros e microminerais quantificados foram fósforo, potássio, sódio, cálcio, magnésio, ferro, manganês, zinco e cobre. Nas larvas de Tenebrio molitor, os valores encontrados foram de 8,56 g/kg, 8,39 g/kg, 1,39 g/kg, 0,44 g/kg, 2,3 g/kg, 48,4 mg/kg, 15 mg/kg, 189 mg/kg e 18 mg/kg respectivamente. Para os grilos (Gryllus assimilis), os teores encontrados foram respectivamente de 8,30 g/kg, 11,6 g/kg, 1,10 g/kg, 3,88 g/kg, 0,82 g/kg, 96,8 mg/kg, 23,7 mg/kg, 18,3 mg/kg e 21,7 mg/kg. Larvas de Tenebrio molitor e grilos do gênero Gryllus assimilis podem ser alternativas para reduzir o uso de fontes de proteína vegetal na alimentação animal.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-12158 384 downloads

12.

Uso do gérmen de milho desengordurado, com e sem adição de um complexo enzimático, em dietas para cães
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Sabchuk, T.T.

; Bastos, T.S.

; Komarcheuski, A.S.

; Maiorka, A.

; Félix, A.P.

; Oliveira, S.G.

Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia

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feb 2021, Volume 73 N. 1 Pages 239 - 246

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO Objetivou-se avaliar o coeficiente de digestibilidade aparente (CDA) dos nutrientes, a palatabilidade das dietas e as características fecais de cães alimentados com uma dieta controle e uma dieta contendo 20% de gérmen desengordurado (GD), com e sem adição de complexo enzimático (amilase, xilanase, betaglucanase e mananase). Para o experimento de digestibidade e das características fecais, foram utilizados 12 cães adultos, distribuídos em delineamento em blocos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 2 x 2 (dieta x enzima). O segundo experimento avaliou a palatabilidade, por meio da primeira escolha e da razão de ingestão (RI) da dieta DC vs. 20% de GD, utilizando-se 16 cães. O teste de palatabilidade contou com três dias consecutivos, totalizando 48 repetições. A dieta com inclusão de 20% de GD teve os menores valores de CDA da MS, da EB e da EM (P<0,05). A inclusão do complexo enzimático melhorou o CDA da MS, da EB e da EM (P<0,05). Não foram observadas diferenças nas características fecais (P>0,05). Em relação à palatabilidade, os cães preferiram a dieta 20% de GD, tanto na primeira escolha como na RI (P<0,05). A inclusão de enzimas às dietas melhora a digestibilidade dos nutrientes e da EM, sendo um aditivo com potencial uso na alimentação de cães.

ABSTRACT The objective was to evaluate the apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC) of nutrients, diet palatability and fecal characteristics of dogs fed diets containing degreased germ (DG), and a control diet (DC) - both with and without the addition of enzyme complex (amylase, xylanase, betaglucanase and mananase). For the digestibility and fecal characteristics experiment 12 adult dogs were used, distributed in a randomized block design, in a 2 x 2 factorial scheme (diet x enzyme). The second experiment evaluated palatability using the first choice and ingestion ratio (IR) of DC diet vs. 20%gD, using 16 dogs. The palatability test had three consecutive days, totaling 48 repetitions. The diet with inclusion of 20% DG had the lowest ADC values of DM, GE and ME (P <0.05). Inclusion of the enzyme complex improved ADC of DM, GE and ME (P <0.05). No differences in fecal characteristics were observed (P >0.05). Regarding palatability, dogs preferred the 20% DG diet in both first choice and IR (P <0.05). Inclusion of enzymes in diets improves nutrient digestibility and ME, being an additive with potential use in dog food.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-11719 587 downloads

13.

Assessment of spatial variability of bedding variables in compost bedded pack barns with climate control system
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OLIVEIRA, CARLOS EDUARDO A.

; DAMASCENO, FLÁVIO A.

; FERRAZ, GABRIEL A.S.

; NASCIMENTO, JOÃO ANTÔNIO C. DO

; VEGA, FELIPE A.O.

; TINÔCO, ILDA F.F.

; ANDRADE, RAFAELLA R.

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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2021, Volume 93 N. 3 elocation e20200384

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract The aim of this research was to evaluate the spatial distribution of bedding variables in a climate-controlled compost bedded pack barn (CBP) equipped with an evaporative cooling system associated with a tunnel ventilation mode. The study was conducted on a farm in the West Mesoregion of Minas, MG, Brazil. The interior of the animal facility was divided into a mesh of 120 equidistant points, where the bedding surface temperature (tb-sur), the bedding temperature at 0.20 m depth (tb-20) and the bedding penetration resistance (PRb) of layer 0 to 0.20 m depth were measured. Bedding samples were collected to obtain the moisture (Mb) and pH in the surface and at 0.20 m depth. Geostatistics technique was used to evaluate the dependence and spatial distribution. Through the bedding area, the tb-sur presented low variability, with 6 ºC of amplitude, and tb-20 presented highest values (up to 55 °C). The spatial distribution of Mb-20 was similar to that observed on the surface and its highest levels occurred in the region near the feed alley (> 40%). The distribution of pH was similar in both layers. The tendency of high PRb occurred in the layer between 0.15 and 0.20 m (0 and 1500 kPa).

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202120200384 226 downloads

14.

Calcium Aluminate Cement Blends Containing Bioactive Glass and Strontium for Biomaterial Applications
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Barbosa, A.M.

; dos Santos, K.W.

; Gonçalves, I. S.

; Leite, P.M.S.C.M.

; Martorano, A.S.

; Grisote, G.

; Castro-Raucci, L.M.S.

; de Oliveira, P.T.

; Raniero, L.

; Oliveira, I.R.

Materials Research

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2021, Volume 24 N. 6 elocation e20210223

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract In this work blends based on calcium aluminate cement (CAC) containing bioactive glass (BG) (5, 7.5 and 10 wt%) and strontium oxide (1 wt%) were produced aiming improve their bioactivity and the capacity to stimulate the bone regeneration. In the first part, the blends containing only BG were characterized as theoretical density, microhardness, uniaxial cold crush strength after SBF and apparent porosity and pore size distribution before and after SBF treatment. In the second part, bioactivity and cell culture tests were also conducted in the blends containing BG and strontium oxide. The addition of 7.5 wt% of BG in homogeneous calcium aluminate cement (CH) improved its mechanical properties as microhardness and uniaxial cold crushing strength. The blends were more bioactive due to the presence of a highly soluble amorphous phase as confirmed by means of SEM/EDX mainly for 7.5 wt% BG without and with Sr from 1 day in SBF. FTIR analyses indicated the formation the apatite-like phase by means of increase of intensity of the PO43- peaks after SBF treatment. All blends allowed the development of the osteoblastic phenotype and the formation of mineralized matrix increased due to the inclusion of BG and Sr promoting the osteogenesis process.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-5373-mr-2021-0223 67 downloads

15.

Differential defense responses of tropical grasses to Mahanarva spectabilis (Hemiptera: Cercopidae) infestation
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BARROS, RAFAEL DE A.

; VITAL, CAMILO E.

; JÚNIOR, NEILIER R.S.

; VARGAS, MANUEL A.S.

; MONTEIRO, LUANA P.

; FAUSTINO, VERÔNICA A.

; AUAD, ALEXANDER M.

; PEREIRA, JORGE F.

; OLIVEIRA, EUGÊNIO E. DE

; RAMOS, HUMBERTO J.O.

; OLIVEIRA, MARIA GORETI DE A.

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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2021, Volume 93 N. 3 elocation e20191456

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract The spittlebugs Mahanarva spectabilis economically challenges cattle production of neotropical regions, due to its voracious feeding on tropical grasses. Here, we evaluated biochemical responses of the interaction between M. spectabilis and the widely cultivated tropical grasses Brachiaria spp. (i.e., brizantha and decumbens) and elephant grasses (cvs. Roxo de Botucatu and Pioneiro), regarding lipoxygenases, protease inhibitors, phytohormones, and proteolytic activities in the midgut of M. spectabilis. The M. spectabilis-infested grasses increased lipoxygenases activity, except for cv. Pioneiro. The levels of the phytohormones jasmonic and abscisic acids were similarly low in all genotypes and increased under herbivory. Furthermore, salicylic acid concentration was constitutively higher in Brachiaria sp., increasing only in spittlebug-infested B. decumbens. M. spectabilis infestations did not induce increases of protease inhibitors in any forage grass type. The trypsin activity remained unaltered, and the total proteolytic activity increased only in B. decumbens-fed insects. Our findings revealed that most forage grasses exposed to spittlebugs activate the lipoxygenases pathway, resulting in increased abscisic and jasmonic acids. However, greater amounts of these hormones do not induce protease inhibitory activity in response to spittlebug attack. This knowledge certainly helps to guide future projects aiming at reducing the impact of spittlebugs on forage production.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202120191456 123 downloads

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