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Usos de conocimientos tradicionales de conservación de la agrobiodiversidad en adaptación al cambio climático en comunidades indígenas de Puno, Perú
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Gomel-Apaza, Zenón Porfidio

; Ishizawa-Oba, Jorge

; Granados-Carbajal, Rafael Evelio

; Gamwell, Adam

Revista Espiga

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dec 2023, Volume 22 N. 46 Pages 140 - 163

Abstract: En Es Fr | Text: En Es Fr | PDF: En | PDF: Es | PDF: Fr

Abstract In two indigenous communities, Koriñahui and Carmen Alto, located above 3910 meters above sea level, in the northern region of Puno, Peru, a qualitative research study was conducted from 2015 to 2017. This research had a hermeneutic phenomenological approach and involved the use of in-depth interviews and other techniques with farmers over the age of 44. The study explored nine categories of traditional knowledge related to climate change adaptation from the perspective of these communities: 1) Perception of climate extremes, 2) Soil, 3) Water, 4) Plant health, 5) Hail, 6) Frost, 7) Hail and frost, 8) Rituals and organic practices, 9) Tolerant varieties. Hail, frost, and drought were identified as the most recurrent climate extremes in these communities. The diverse practices and knowledge within these categories are currently used within the observed communities. These practices are predominantly preventive, with some having a restorative nature. While the current climate change is of anthropogenic origin, the holistic indigenous perspective underscores that the fundamental cause is the loss of respect for nature, the sacred, and relationships among human beings. The various identified practices contribute to the concepts of ecological resilience and social resilience, making these communities less vulnerable to the effects of climate change in high-altitude agriculture.

Resumen En dos comunidades indígenas, Koriñahui y Carmen Alto, encima de 3910 m s. n. m., en el norte de la región de Puno en Perú, de 2015 a 2017, se realizó una investigación cualitativa con enfoque fenomenológico hermenéutico y con el uso de la entrevista a profundidad y otras técnicas con personas agricultoras mayores de 44 años. Desde la visión de las comunidades, se abordó nueve categorías de conocimientos tradicionales ligadas a adaptación al cambio climático: 1) percepción de los extremos climáticos, 2) suelo, 3) agua, 4) sanidad vegetal, 5) granizada, 6) helada, 7) granizada y helada, 8) ritualidad y organicidad y 9) variedades tolerantes. Se identificó a la granizada, la helada y la sequía como los extremos climáticos más recurrentes en esas comunidades. La diversidad de prácticas o saberes en las categorías descritas se usan actualmente en las comunidades observadas, son de carácter preventivo y algunos son restaurativos. Aunque el cambio climático actual tiene origen antrópico, desde la vivencia holística indígena se subraya -como causa fundamental- la pérdida de respeto a la naturaleza, a lo sagrado y entre seres humanos. Las diferentes prácticas identificadas contribuyen a la noción de resiliencia ecológica y resiliencia social, haciéndolas menos vulnerables a los efectos del cambio climático en agricultura de alta montaña.

Résumé Entre 2015 et 2017, nous avons mené une qualitative sous une approche phénoménologique moyennant l’entretien en profondeur et d’autres techniques avec des agriculteurs de plus de 44 qui habitent dans deux communautés, Koriñahui et Carmen Alto qui se trouvent à 3910 mètres au-dessus sur le niveau de la mer, dans le nord de la région de Puno au Pérou. À partir de la vision des communautés, nous avons abordé neuf catégories des connaissances traditionnelles liées à l’adaptation au changement climatique: 1) la perception des événements climatiques extrêmes, 2) le sol, 3) l’eau, 4) la santé des végétaux, 6) la grêle, 5) le gel, 7) la grêle et les gelées, 8) le rituel et l’organicité et 9) les variétés rendues tolérantes. Nous avons identifié la grêle, le gel et la sécheresse comme les événements climatiques extrêmes les plus fréquents dans ces communautés. La diversité des pratiques ou des savoirs dans les catégories décrites s’emploient actuellement dans les communautés observées et elles sont à caractère préventif et réparateur. Bien que le changement climatique de nos jours possède une origine anthropique, dès la perspective holistique indigène, elle remarque comme cause fondamentale la perte du respect de la nature, du sacré et parmi les êtres humains. Les différences pratiques identifiées contribuent à la notion de résilience écologique et de résilience sociale lesquelles les rendent moins vulnérables aux effets du changement climatique dans l’agriculture de haute.

https://doi.org/10.22458/re.v22i46.5016

Poor Sleep quality and health-related quality of life impact in adolescents with and without chronic immunosuppressive conditions during COVID-19 quarantine
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Helito, Alberto C.

; Lindoso, Livia

; Sieczkowska, Sofia M.

; Astley, Camilla

; Queiroz, Ligia B.

; Rose, Natalia

; Santos, Claudia Renata P.

; Bolzan, Thalis

; Peralta, Rita María I.A.

; Franco, Ruth R.

; Cominato, Louise

; Pereira, Rosa Maria R.

; Tannuri, Uenis

; Campos, Lucia Maria A.

; Lourenço, Benito

; Toma, Ricardo K.

; Medeiros, Karina

; Watanabe, Andréia

; Grangeiro, Patricia Moreno

; Farhat, Sylvia C.

; Casella, Caio B.

; Polanczyk, Guilherme V.

; Gualano, Bruno

; Silva, Clovis A.

; Sallum, Adriana M. E.

; Iraha, Amanda Y.

; Ihara, Bianca P.

; Mazzolani, Bruna C.

; Martinez, Claudia A.

; Strabelli, Claudia A. A.

; Fonseca, Claudia B.

; Lima, Dandara C. C.

; Setoue, Debora N. D.

; Roz, Deborah F. P.

; Smaira, Fabiana I.

; Roschel, Hamilton

; Miyatani, Helena T.

; Marques, Isabela G.

; Oba, Jane

; Ferreira, Juliana C. O.

; Simon, Juliana R.

; Kozu, Katia

; Saccani, Ligia P.

; Martiniano, Lorena V. M.

; Miranda, Luana C. A.

; Silva, Luiz E. V.

; Laurentino, Moisés F.

; Aikawa, Nadia E.

; Sakita, Neusa K.

; Tanigava, Nicolas Y.

; Pereira, Paulo R. A.

; Palmeira, Patrícia

; Angelo, Simone S.

; Lavorato, Sofia S. M.

; Bernardes, Tamires M.

; Franco, Tathiane C.

; Viana, Vivianne S. L.

; Barros, Vera P. M. F. R.

; Zheng, Yingying

Clinics

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2021, Volume 76 elocation e3501

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

OBJECTIVE: To assess the possible factors that influence sleep quality in adolescents with and without chronic immunosuppressive conditions quarantined during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 305 adolescents with chronic immunocompromised conditions and 82 healthy adolescents. Online surveys were completed, which included questions on socio-demographic data and self-rated healthcare routine during COVID-19 quarantine and the following validated questionnaires: the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 4.0 (PedsQL4.0), and Pediatric Outcome Data Collection Instrument (PODCI). RESULTS: The median current age [14 (10-18) vs. 15 (10-18) years, p=0.847] and frequency of female sex (62% vs. 58%, p=0.571) were similar in adolescents with chronic conditions compared with healthy adolescents. The frequency of poor sleep quality was similar in both groups (38% vs. 48%, p=0.118). Logistic regression analysis, including both healthy adolescents and adolescents with chronic conditions (n=387), demonstrated that self-reported increase in screen time (odds ratio [OR] 3.0; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.3-6.8; p=0.008) and intrafamilial violence report (OR 2.1; 95% CI 1.2-3.5; p=0.008) were independently associated with poor sleep quality in these adolescents. However, the PODCI global function score was associated with a lower OR for poor sleep quality (OR 0.97; 95% CI 0.94-0.99; p=0.001). Further logistic regression, including only adolescents with chronic conditions (n=305), demonstrated that self-reported increase in screen time (OR 3.1; 95% CI 1.4-6.8; p=0.006) and intrafamilial violence report (OR 2.0; 95% CI 1.2-3.4; p=0.011) remained independently associated with poor quality of sleep, whereas a lower PODCI global function score was associated with a lower OR for sleep quality (OR 0.96; 95% CI 0.94-0.98; p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Self-reported increases in screen time and intrafamilial violence report impacted sleep quality in both healthy adolescents and those with chronic conditions. Decreased health-related quality of life was observed in adolescents with poor sleep quality.

https://doi.org/10.6061/clinics/2021/e3501

Morfometria e população de folículos pré-antrais de vacas Nelore vazias, gestantes e de fetos nos terços inicial, médio e final da gestação
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Gonçalves, C.G.P.

; Tironi, S.M.T.

; Silva, K.M.

; Silva Junior, E.R.

; Codognoto, V.M.

; Souza, A.G.

; Marques, N.F.S.

; Brochine, S.

; Vieira, A.F.

; Oba, E.

Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia

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oct 2019, Volume 71 N. 5 Pages 1735 - 1740

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to describe population and morphological characteristics of preantral follicles of not pregnant cows, pregnant cows and fetus. Ten ovaries of non-pregnant Nelore cows, eighteen ovaries of pregnant cows and eighteen ovaries of fetus were used. For pregnant cows, six ovaries from each third (initial, middle and final) were evaluated, acquired from a slaughterhouse. For fetus, the same methodology and proportion of ovaries were used. Ovaries were washed, fixed and embedded in paraffin. They were then sectioned in longitudinal sections and stained by the Hematoxylin-Eosin method. Preantral follicles were classified according to morphology (primordial, primary and secondary) and degree of viability (intact and in initial, moderate and marked atresia). Descriptive and statistical analyzes were performed through KS300 image analysis program and Tukey’s test. A greater proportion of primordial follicles were found in all categories. Secondary follicles were not observed in ovaries of fetus and cows in the initial third of pregnancy. All the ovary dimensions were higher in non-pregnant cows and in the final third of cows' pregnancy, and lower in final third of pregnancy fetus. It was concluded that follicle isolation was effective in describing population and morphological characteristics of preantral follicles of cows and fetus.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-11409 729 downloads

Drying kinetics of blackberry leaves
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Martins, Elton A. S.

; Goneli, André L. D.

; Goncalves, Alexandre A.

; Hartmann Filho, Cesar P.

; Siqueira, Valdiney C.

; Oba, Guilherme C.

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental

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aug 2018, Volume 22 N. 8 Pages 570 - 576

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO As folhas de amora preta possuem algumas propriedades farmacológicas e um dos usos mais difundidos e estudados é para alivio dos sintomas do climatério e de outros durante o período pré-menstrual. Desta forma, a secagem se torna importante para a conservação e o armazenamento do produto até o seu uso ou processamento. Diante do exposto, objetivou-se com o presente estudo avaliar a cinética de secagem de folhas de amora preta, bem como determinar o coeficiente de difusão efetivo e a energia de ativação durante o processo de secagem. As folhas de amora preta foram submetidas à secagem em um secador experimental de leito fixo, em quatro condições controladas de temperatura (40, 50, 60 e 70 °C) e duas velocidades do ar de secagem (0,4 e 0,8 m s-1). Aos dados experimentais de razão de teor de água foram ajustados oito modelos matemáticos para representarem o processo de secagem em camada delgada de produtos agrícolas. Com base nos resultados obtidos, verificou-se que o modelo de Midilli foi o que melhor representou o fenômeno da secagem de folhas de amora preta. O aumento da temperatura e da velocidade do ar reduziu o tempo de secagem das folhas de amora preta, bem como aumentou os valores do coeficiente de difusão efetivo, sendo que esta relação pode ser descrita pela equação de Arrhenius, que apresenta uma energia de ativação para a difusão líquida durante a secagem de 65,94 e 66,08 kJ mol-1, para as velocidades do ar de secagem de 0,4 e 0,8 m s-1, respectivamente.

ABSTRACT Blackberry leaves have some pharmacological properties and one of the most widespread and studied uses is to relieve symptoms of the climacteric and other symptoms during the premenstrual period. Thus, drying becomes important for the conservation and storage of the product until its use or processing. The present study aimed to evaluate the drying kinetics of blackberry leaves, as well as to determine the effective diffusion coefficient and the activation energy during the drying process. Blackberry leaves were dried in an experimental fixed-bed dryer under four controlled temperature conditions (40, 50, 60 and 70 °C) and two drying air speeds (0.4 and 0.8 m s-1). With the experimental data of moisture ratio, eight mathematical models were fitted to represent the process of thin-layer drying of agricultural products. Based on the obtained results, it was found that the Midilli model represented best the phenomenon of drying of blackberry leaves. The increase in temperature and air speed reduced the drying time of blackberry leaves and increased the values of the effective diffusion coefficient. This relation can be described by the Arrhenius equation, which has an activation energy for the liquid diffusion during drying of 65.94 and 66.08 kJ mol-1, for drying air speeds of 0.4 and 0.8 m s-1, respectively.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v22n8p570-576 1227 downloads

DRYING KINETICS OF PEANUT KERNELS IN THIN LAYERS
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Goneli, André L. D.

; Araujo, Willian D.

; Hartmann Filho, Cesar P.

; Martins, Elton A. S.

; Oba, Guilherme C.

Engenharia Agrícola

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sep 2017, Volume 37 N. 5 Pages 994 - 1003

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to adjust mathematical models to the experimental data on the peanut kernels drying in thin layer, as well as to determine the effective diffusion coefficient and the main thermodynamic properties involved in drying of the grains under different air conditions. The peanut kernels, with a water content of 0.59 ± 0.002 (dry basis, d.b.), were dried in a forced air ventilation oven with different temperature levels (40, 50, 60 and 70 °C) until reaching a water content of 0.04 ± 0.001 (d.b.). For the experimental data, eight mathematical models traditionally used to represent the drying kinetics of thin layer of agricultural products were adjusted, also being determined the effective diffusion coefficient and the thermodynamic properties, specific enthalpy and entropy and Gibbs free energy. The Diffusion Approximation, Two Terms, Midilli, Page and Thompson models represent the drying kinetics of peanut kernels in thin layers. The effective diffusivity increases with the increase of temperature, being the relation with the drying temperature described by the Arrhenius' equation. The increase in temperature promotes the decrease of the enthalpy and entropy values and the increase of the Gibbs free energy.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-4430-eng.agric.v37n5p994-1003/2017 847 downloads

Cloprostenol administration in the first week postpartum reduces expression of oxytocin receptors in the endometrium in Holstein-Zebu cows
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Camargos, A.

; Wohlres-Viana, S.

; Costa, I.F.

; Camargo, L.S.

; Ferreira, J.C.

; Ramos, A.A.

; Oba, E.

Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia

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aug 2017, Volume 69 N. 4 Pages 821 - 829

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO O presente estudo avaliou o perfil hormonal e a expressão gênica de receptores de prostaglandina F2α (PGF2α), ocitocina e estrógeno no endométrio de vacas pós-parto tratadas com cloprostenol. Vinte vacas mestiças Holandês-Zebu foram tratadas com solução salina (tratamento CONT, n = 10) ou cloprostenol (tratamento CLO, n = 10), ambos administrados dois e cinco dias após o parto. Amostras de sangue foram coletadas nos dias dois, sete, 14, 21 e 28 pós-parto para mensuração de progesterona, de metabólito de PGF2α (PGFM) e de estradiol, e foram obtidas biópsias endometriais para quantificar a expressão de PTGFR, OXTR e ESR1. No tratamento CLO, a expressão gênica de receptores de ocitocina foi menor (P<0,05). As concentrações de estrógeno aumentaram progressivamente até o dia 14 (P<0,05). A maior expressão de OXTR foi observada no dia 14 (P<0,05). A expressão de ESR1 foi semelhante entre os tratamentos (P>0,05). Os níveis de PGFM foram altos durante todo o estudo. Conclui-se que a administração de cloprostenol nos dias dois e cinco pós-parto parece diminuir a expressão de OXTR no endométrio em vacas mestiças.

ABSTRACT The present study investigated the hormonal profile and expression of prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α), oxytocin and estrogen receptors in uterine tissues of postpartum cows treated with cloprostenol. Twenty Holstein-Zebu crossbred cows were treated with saline solution (treatment CONT) or cloprostenol (treatment CLO), both administered two and five days postpartum. Blood samples were collected on days two, seven, 14, 21 and 28 postpartum for progesterone, PGF2α metabolite (PGFM) and estradiol determination, and endometrial biopsy was performed in order to quantify the expression of oxytocin receptor (OXTR), prostaglandin F receptor (PTGFR) and estrogen receptor 1 (ERS1) genes. In the CLO treatment, expression of OXTR was reduced (P<0.05) but no difference (P>0.05) between treatments was found for PTGFR and ERS1 expression. Estrogen concentrations increased progressively until day 14 (P<0.05) and the highest OXTR expression and lowest PTGFR expression were observed on day 14 (P<0.05) in both treatments. Serum PGFM concentrations were high throughout the experiment. In conclusion, cloprostenol administration at days two and five of postpartum seems to reduce OXTR expression in the endometrium in crossbred cows.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-9318 1088 downloads

Physical properties of safflower grains. Part II: Volumetric shrinkage
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Martins, Elton A. S.

; Goneli, André L. D.

; Gonçalves, Alexandre A.

; Hartmann Filho, Cesar P.

; Rech, Jerusa

; Oba, Guilherme C.

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental

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may 2017, Volume 21 N. 5 Pages 350 - 355

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO Normalmente, os produtos agrícolas têm suas dimensões reduzidas durante o processo de secagem. A quantificação da redução dessas dimensões é importante para o desenvolvimento e otimização de equipamentos destinados à pós-colheita do produto. Em virtude disto, objetivou-se, com o presente trabalho, avaliar o efeito da variação do teor de água durante a secagem sobre a contração volumétrica dos grãos de cártamo e de seus respectivos eixos. Foram utilizados grãos de cártamo colhidos com teor de água inicial de aproximadamente 0,445 decimal b.s. (base seca) e submetidos à secagem em estufa com circulação forçada de ar, na temperatura de 40 °C, até os grãos atingirem o teor de água final de 0,073 ± 0,008 decimal b.s. Durante a secagem, os índices de contração dos eixos e contração volumétrica unitária e da massa de grãos de cártamo foram determinados em diferentes teores de água. Com base nos resultados obtidos pode-se concluir que a redução do teor de água causa redução dos eixos dos grãos de cártamo; consequentemente, a redução dos valores do índice de contração volumétrica da massa e unitária de aproximadamente 16 e 13%, respectivamente, em que ambas as variáveis podem ser representadas pelo modelo de contração linear.

ABSTRACT Agricultural products usually have their size reduced during the drying process. The quantification of the reduction in the dimensions is important for the development and optimization of equipment for the post-harvest of the product. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of the variation in the moisture content during drying on the volumetric shrinkage of safflower grains and their respective axes. Safflower grains were harvested with an initial moisture content of approximately 0.445 decimal d.b. (dry basis) and subjected to drying in an oven with forced air circulation at 40 °C, until the grains reached a final moisture content of 0.073 ± 0.008 decimal d.b. During drying, the contraction of the axes, unit volumetric shrinkage and volumetric shrinkage of the mass of safflower grains were determined at different moisture contents. Based on these results, it can be concluded that reducing the moisture content causes a reduction in the axes of safflower grains and, consequently, reductions in the unit volumetric shrinkage and volumetric shrinkage of the mass of approximately 16 and 13%, respectively, and both variables can be represented by the linear shrinkage model.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v21n5p350-355 878 downloads

Influence of feeding differentiation on the age at onset of puberty in Brazilian Bergamasca dairy ewe lambs
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Dantas, A.

; Siqueira, E.R.

; Fernandes, S.

; Oba, E.

; Castilho, A.M.

; Meirelles, P.R.L.

; Sartori, M.M.P.

; Santos, P.T.R.

Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia

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feb 2016, Volume 68 N. 1 Pages 22 - 28

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o crescimento corporal e idade de início da puberdade em cordeiras sob duas dietas específicas para taxas de crescimento baixas e altas. Um rebanho de 20 cordeiras Bergamácia Brasileira foi dividido em dois grupos (n= 10) e mantido confinado em todo período experimental, sendo dispostos dois animais do mesmo tratamento/baia. Duas fases foram estabelecidas: Fase 1, a partir de 90 dias de idade até o início da puberdade, e Fase 2, a partir do início da puberdade até 1 ano de idade. Para a fase 1, duas dietas distintas foram formuladas, sendo: Tratamento A, formulada para obter um ganho de peso diário de aproximadamente 150g; e Tratamento B, para um ganho de peso médio diário de cerca de 250g. Na Fase 2, uma dieta equilibrada idêntica foi fornecida para ambos os grupos. A cada 14 dias, os animais foram pesados e calcularam-se o ganho médio diário, o consumo médio diário de matéria seca e escore de condição corporal. A partir do quinto mês de idade, em cada grupo, um macho vasectomizado foi usado para detectar estro, estabelecendo a idade de início da puberdade e estro para cada cordeira. As amostras de sangue foram coletadas a cada 28 dias para determinar a concentração plasmática de hormônio do crescimento. Cordeiras do tratamento B ganharam mais peso e tiveram maior escore de condição corporal (P<0,05), mas não houve diferença de idade para o início da puberdade e para os níveis plasmáticos de hormônio do crescimento (P>0,05). Verificou-se que os tratamentos A e B apresentaram desempenhos satisfatórios. Assim, o tratamento A pode ser indicado como um sistema de alimentação para alcançar respostas positivas em cordeiras submetidas ao confinamento durante a fase de crescimento.

The objective of the study was to evaluate body growth and age at onset of puberty on lambs fed two specific diets for low and high growth rates. A herd of 20 Brazilian Bergamasca lambs was divided in two groups (n= 10) and kept confined throughout the experimental period, two animals of the same treatment/pen. Two phases were established: Phase 1, from 90 days of age until the onset of puberty; and Phase 2, from puberty onset up to 1 year old. For Phase 1, two distinct diets were formulated, being: Treatment A, which was formulated to obtain an average daily gain of approximately 150g; and Treatment B, for an average daily gain of about 250g. In Phase 2, a balanced, equal diet was provided to both groups. Every 14 days, the animals were weighed and given average daily gain, average daily dry matter intake and body condition score. From the 5th month of age on, in each group, a vasectomized male was used to detect estrus, establishing age at puberty onset and estrus interval for each lamb. Blood samples were collected every 28 days to determine plasma growth hormone concentration. Treatment B lambs gained more weight and had higher body condition score (P<0.05) and there was no difference for age at puberty onset and plasma growth hormone levels (P>0.05) between treatments. It was found that both treatments showed satisfactory performances. Thus, treatment A may be indicated as a reasonable feeding system to achieve positive responses on confined ewe lambs during growth phase.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-8278 2114 downloads

Association of postalimentary lipemia with atherosclerotic manifestations
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Tentor, J.

; Nakamura, R.T.

; Gidlund, M.

; Barros-Mazon, S.

; Harada, L.M.

; Zago, V.S.

; Oba, J.F.

; Faria, E.C. de

Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research

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nov 2012, Volume 45 N. 11 Pages 1086 - 1094

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

We identified different lipemic and metabolic responses after the ingestion of a standardized meal by healthy adults and related them to atherosclerotic markers. Samples from 60 normolipidemic adults were collected before and after a liquid meal (40 g fat/m² body surface) at 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 h for measurements of lipids, free fatty acids (FFA), insulin, cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP), autoantibodies to epitopes of oxidized LDL (oxLDL Ab), lipolytic activities, and apolipoprotein E polymorphism. Mean carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) was determined by Doppler ultrasound. The volunteers were classified into early (N = 39) and late (N = 31) triacylglycerol (TAG) responders to the test meal. Late responders showed lower HDL cholesterol concentration at fasting and in the TAG peak, lower insulin and higher FFA concentrations compared to early responders. Multivariate regression analyses showed that mean cIMT was associated with gender (male) and age in early responders and by cholesterol levels at the 6th hour in late responders. oxLDL Ab were explained by lipoprotein lipase and negatively by hepatic lipase and oxLDL Ab (fasting period) by CETP (negative) and FFA (positive). This study is the first to identify a postalimentary insulin resistance state, combined with a reduced CETP response exclusively among late responders, and the identification of the regulators of postalimentary atherogenicity. Further research is required to determine the metabolic mechanisms described in the different postalimentary phenotypes observed in this study, as well as in different pathological states, as currently investigated in our laboratory.

2713 downloads

10.

Experimental nodel of C6 brain tumors in athymic rats
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Miura, Flávio K.

; Alves, Maria José Ferreira

; Rocha, Mussya Cisotto

; Silva, Roseli S.

; Oba-Shinjo, Sueli M.

; Uno, M.

; Colin, C.

; Sogayar, M.C.

; Marie, Sueli K.N.

Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria

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jun 2008, Volume 66 N. 2a Pages 238 - 241

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Modelos experimentais de tumores cerebrais malignos geralmente utilizam células imunologicamente compatíveis com o animal receptor. Neste estudo apresentamos um modelo experimental baseado na inoculação de células C6 em ratos atímicos Rowett, visando obter um tumor que se assemelhe mais àqueles observados nos seres humanos. Neste modelo observamos microinfiltração de ilhotas de células na periferia da massa tumoral principal e nas áreas mais distantes, células tumorais isoladas no tecido cerebral normal. Este grau de infiltração é superior àquele observado em outros modelos utilizando as células C6.

Malignant brain tumor experimental models tend to employ cells that are immunologically compatible with the receptor animal. In this study, we have proposed an experimental model of encephalic tumor development by injecting C6 cells into athymic Rowett rats, aiming at reaching a model which more closely resembles to the human glioma tumor. In our model, we observed micro-infiltration of tumor cell clusters in the vicinity of the main tumor mass, and of more distal isolated tumor cells immersed in normal encephalic parenchyma. This degree of infiltration is superior to that usually observed in other C6 models.

2860 downloads

11.

Effects of sedation during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy on endocrine response and cardiorespiratory function
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Yetkin, G.

; Oba, S.

; Uludag, M.

; Paksoy, I.

; Akgün, I.

; Eren, N.

Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research

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dec 2007, Volume 40 N. 12 Pages 1647 - 1652

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy is often accompanied by tachycardia which is known to be an important pathogenic factor in the development of myocardial ischemia. The pathogenesis of tachycardia is unknown but the condition is thought to be due to the endocrine response to endoscopy. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of sedation on the endocrine response and cardiorespiratory function. Forty patients scheduled for diagnostic upper gastrointestinal endoscopy were randomized into 2 groups. While the patients in the first group did not receive sedation during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, the patients in the second group were sedated with intravenous midazolam at the dose of 5 mg for those under 65 years or 2.5 mg for those aged 65 years or more. Midazolam was administered by slow infusion. In both groups, blood pressure, ECG tracing, heart rate, and peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) were monitored during endoscopy. In addition, blood samples for the determination of cortisol, glucose and C-reactive protein levels were obtained from patients in both groups prior to and following endoscopy. Heart rate and systolic arterial pressure changes were within normal limits in both groups. Comparison of the two groups regarding the values of these two parameters did not reveal a significant difference, while a statistically significant reduction in SpO2 was found in the sedation group. No significant differences in serum cortisol, glucose or C-reactive protein levels were observed between the sedated and non-sedated group. Sedation with midazolam did not reduce the endocrine response and the tachycardia developing during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, but increased the reduction in SpO2.

5088 downloads Cited 2 times in SciELO

12.

Duality of patterns in hepatitis a epidemiology: A study involving two socioeconomically distinct populations in Campinas, São Paulo state, Brazil
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PINHO, João Renato Rebello

; SUMITA, Laura Massami

; MOREIRA, Regina Célia

; SOUZA, Vanda Akico U. Fick de

; SARACENI, Claudia P.

; OBA, Isabel Takano

; CARVALHO, Mariana C. S.

; PANNUTI, Claudio Sergio

Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo

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mar 1998, Volume 40 N. 2 Pages 105 - 106

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

A avaliação da prevalência de anticorpos contra o vírus da hepatite A em duas populações com diferentes níveis sócio-econômicos foi realizada pela análise de 101 e 82 amostras de soros provenientes de grupos de alto e baixo nível sócio-econômico, respectivamente, utilizando um teste imunoen-zimático comercial. A prevalência no grupo de baixo nível sócio-econômico foi 95,0% enquanto que no grupo de alto nível socioeconomico foi apenas 19,6% (p < 0,001). Estes dados mostram uma dualidade no Brasil: a prevalência de anti-HAV em indivíduos de nível sócio-econômico baixo é similar àquela dos países em desenvolvimento, enquanto que nos indivíduos de alto nível sócio-econômico é compatível com o padrão de países desenvolvidos. O controle desta infecção depende primariamente da melhoria das condições sanitárias, mas especialmente em populações de alto-nível sócio-econômico, o uso da vacinação contra a hepatite A é altamente aconselhável para evitar o aparecimento da doença em adultos.

To evaluate the prevalence of antibodies against hepatitis A in two socioeconomically distinct populations, 101 and 82 serum samples from high and low socioeconomic groups, respectively, were analysed for the presence of IgG anti-HAV using a commercial ELISA. The prevalence in low socioeconomic level subjects was 95.0%, whereas in high socioeconomic subjects was only 19.6% (p<0.001). These data show a duality in Brazil: anti-HAV prevalence in low socioeconomic subjects is similar to that of developing countries, while in high socioeconomic subjects, a pattern typical of developed countries is found. The control of this infection in our country is primarily related to the improvement of sanitation, but especially for high socioeconomic level populations, the use of vaccination against hepatitis A is strongly advisable to avoid the occasional appearance of this disease in adults.

1703 downloads

13.

Frequência de marcadores de hepatite B em gestantes de primeira consulta em centros de saúde de área metropolitana, São Paulo, Brazil
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Sabino, Ester Cerqueira

; Guerra, Elvira Maria

; Oba, Isabel Takano

; Spina, Angela Maria Miranda

; Vaz, Adelaide José

Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo

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dec 1992, Volume 34 N. 6 Pages 535 - 541

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

A hepatite B é doença de graves consequências quando adquirida no período neonatal. No entanto, a identificação das gestantes, com risco de transmitirem a infecção a seus filhos, pode prevenir essas consequências através da imunização, passiva e ativa, dos bebês logo após o nascimento. Foram estudadas 477 gestantes de primeira consulta atendidas no período de abril a outubro de 1988 nos oito Centros de Saúde da rede estadual que abrangem o subdistrito do Butantan, região oeste do município de São Paulo, considerada carente de infra-estrutura básica. As 477 amostras de soro foram ensaiadas quanto à presença do marcador anti-HBc total, que permite detectar os casos assintomáticos, crônicos e em fase de convalescença. As 44 (9,2%) gestantes positivas para esse marcador foram ensaiadas para os marcadores anti-HBs e HbsAg. Dessas 44 amostras, 2 (0,4%) foram positivas para o HBsAg e 37 (7,7%) positivas para anti-HBs. Do universo de 477 gestantes, 47 apresentaram no inquérito a que foram submetidas respostas indicativas de fatores de risco para hepatite, mas apenas 8 (17,0%) delas faziam parte do grupo de gestantes anti-HBc positivas, 2 delas HBsAg positivas

Hepatitis B is a severe disease when acquired during the neonatal period. The identification of the infected pregnant women allows prevention of newborn infection by active and passive immunization soon after birth. We studied pregnant women in their first visit to eight different primary medical centers in Butantan, a subdistrict of S. Paulo city. 477 samples were tested for anti-HBc. From 44 (9.2%) anti-HBc positive samples, 2 (0.4%) were HBsAg positive and 37 (7.7%) were anti-HBs positive. A risk factor for hepatitis B could only be detected in 8 (18.9%) of the 44 anti-HBc positive samples

2561 downloads Cited 1 time in SciELO

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