Abstract Objective: Given the high proliferative activity of germinal matrix and its direct correlation with hypoxemia, it is necessary to investigate the possible molecular regulation pathways, to understand the existing clinical relationship between the hypoxic-ischemic insult and the biomarkers NF-kB, AKT-3, Parkin, TRK-C and VEGFR-1. Methods: A hundred and eighteen germinal matrix samples of the central nervous system of patients who died in the first 28 days of life were submitted to histological and immunohistochemistry analysis to identify the tissue immunoexpression of those biomarkers related to asphyxia, prematurity, and death events within 24h. Results: A significantly increased tissue immunoexpression of NF-kB, AKT-3 and Parkin was observed in the germinal matrix of preterm infants. In addition, significantly decreased tissue immunoexpression of VEGFR-1 and NF-kB was observed in patients who experienced asphyxia followed by death within 24 hours. Conclusions: The results suggest a direct involvement between the hypoxic-ischemic insult and NF-kB and VEGFR-1 markers since a decreased immunoexpression of these biomarkers was observed in asphyxiated patients. Furthermore, it is suggested that there was not enough time for VEGFR-1 to be transcribed, translated and expressed on the surface of the plasma membrane. This temporality can be observed in the relationship between NF-kB expression and the survival time of individuals who died within 24 hours, suggesting that this factor is essential for the production of VEGFR-1 and, therefore, to carry out the necessary remodeling effect to neovascularize the affected region.

RESUMO Objetivo: Dada a alta atividade proliferativa da matriz germinativa e sua correlação direta com a hipoxemia, é necessário investigar as possíveis vias de regulação molecular para entender a relação clínica existente entre o insulto hipóxico-isquêmico e os biomarcadores NF-kB, AKT -3, Parkina, TRK-C e VEGFR-1. Métodos: Cento e dezoito amostras de matriz germinativa do sistema nervoso central de pacientes que faleceram nos primeiros 28 dias de vida foram submetidas a análise histológica e imuno-histoquímica para identificar a imunoexpressão tecidual desses biomarcadores relacionados a eventos de asfixia, prematuridade e óbito em 24 horas. Resultados: Observou-se uma imunoexpressão tecidual significativamente aumentada de NF-kB, AKT-3 e Parkin na matriz germinativa de prematuros. Além disso, constatou-se uma imunoexpressão tecidual significativamente diminuída de VEGFR-1 e de NF-kB em pacientes que apresentaram asfixia seguida de morte em 24 horas. Conclusões: Os resultados sugerem o envolvimento direto entre o insulto hipóxico-isquêmico e os marcadores NF-kB e VEGFR-1, visto que se observou uma imunoexpressão diminuída destes biomarcadores nos pacientes asfixiados. Além disso, sugere-se que não houve tempo suficiente para que o VEGFR-1 fosse transcrito, traduzido e expresso na superfície da membrana plasmática. Essa temporalidade pode ser observada na relação entre a expressão de NF-kB e o tempo de vida dos indivíduos que morreram em 24 horas, o que sugere que esse fator é essencial para a produção do VEGFR-1 e, portanto, para realizar o efeito remodelador necessário para neovascularizar a região afetada.

ABSTRACT The present study related to boxing athletes' mental toughness and physical fitness performances with Big Five Factors. For this, the sample was composed of eleven recreational boxers who competed at the state level and were regularly training (technical and tactical) 4 times a week during the evaluation period. The 44-item Big Five Inventory (BFI) measures the Big Five dimensions of Conscientiousness, Agreeableness, Neuroticism, Openness, and Extraversion and the 14-item Sports Mental Toughness Questionnaire (SMTQ) were applied with Strength, Power, and Endurance Tests, Pearson and Spearman's correlations were used to verify the association between BFI, physical and mental tests, respectively, p≤.05. Our results demonstrated that significant and strong correlation between agreeableness factor and sit-ups test, with 40.85±12.36 freq./min (r=.72, p=.02) and, in SMTQ, a strong correlation between Neuroticism and Control [10(9;12) score, r=.76, p≤0.01], Constancy [10(9;12) score, r=.84, p≤0.01] and Total SMQT [37(34;37) score, r=.84, p≤0.01]. In conclusion, these results suggest that Neuroticism factors are associated with mental toughness, while the agreeableness factor is related to muscular endurance capability. Mental toughness and endurance results are associated with boxers' personalities whose drive motivates them relentlessly towards success and promotes thriving in boxing training environments or during championships.

RESUMO O presente estudo relacionou a resistência mental e o desempenho da aptidão física de atletas de boxe com os cinco grandes fatores. Para isso, compuseram o presente estudo onze boxeadores recreativos que competiram em nível estadual e estavam treinando regularmente (técnico e tático) 4 vezes por semana durante o período de avaliação. O Big Five Inventory (BFI) de 44 itens mede as dimensões de Conscienciosidade, Amabilidade, Neuroticismo, Abertura e Extroversão e o Questionário de Resistência Mental Esportiva (SMTQ) de 14 itens foram aplicados com Testes de Força, Potência e Resistência, Pearson e as correlações de Spearman foram utilizadas para verificar a associação entre IMC, testes físicos e mentais, respectivamente, p≤0.05. Nossos resultados demonstraram correlação significativa e forte entre o fator de amabilidade e o teste de abdominais, com 40,9±12,4 freq./min (r=0,72, p=0,02) e, no SMTQ, uma forte correlação entre Neuroticismo e Controle [10 (9;12) pontuação, r=0.76, p≤0,01], Constância [10(9;12) pontuação, r=0.84, p≤0,001] e total SMQT [37(34;37) pontuação, r= 0.84, p≤0,001]. Em conclusão, esses resultados sugerem que os fatores de neuroticismo estão associados à resistência mental, enquanto o fator de amabilidade está associado à capacidade de resistência muscular. Os resultados de resistência mental e resistência estão associados à personalidade dos boxeadores, cuja motivação os impulsiona implacavelmente para o sucesso e promove o sucesso em ambientes de treinamento de boxe ou durante campeonatos.

Aim Although bulk fill composites have been widely used as restorative material, there is no consensus regarding the best clinical protocol in terms of composite technique and adhesive system. Therefore, this clinical trial evaluated the clinical performance of bulk fill composites for class I restorations under different protocols. Methods A randomized clinical trial including 155 class I restorations was conducted using different adhesive systems: conventional technique (phosphoric acid + conventional three-step adhesive system) (Group 1, 2 and 3); or self-etching adhesive system (Groups 4, 5 and 6). Control groups 1 and 4 were restored with conventional composite; groups 2 and 5 with low viscosity bulk fill and conventional composite as occlusal coverage; groups 3 and 6 with high viscosity bulk fill. The FDI criteria was used for clinical evaluation at baseline and after 6 months. Results All groups showed good clinical performance. At baseline, the adhesive system did not affect postoperative hypersensitivity. After 6 months, group 5 showed a significant reduction in color and translucency; group 6 a reduction in terms of anatomical form and for postoperative sensitivity and an improvement in patient satisfaction (p<0.05). Considering the same restorative technique, the use of the self-etching adhesive system showed a significant decrease in color and translucency (p<0.05). Conclusion All groups showed favorable clinical performance, and promising results were found for the conventional adhesive system and high viscosity bulk fill protocol.

Abstract Titanium dioxide nanotubes (TiO2-nts) were incorporated into a glass ionomer cement (GIC) with improved mechanical properties and antibacterial activity. The aims of the present in vitro study were to define the elemental characterization, aluminum (Al) release rate, and initial working time for GIC reinforced with TiO2-nts, in an experimental caries model. TiO2-nts were incorporated into GIC powder components at 5% by weight, and compared with unblended GIC. Experimental approaches used energy-dispersive spectrometry (EDS), atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS), and brightness loss to define surface element properties, Al release rates, and initial working time, respectively. Statistical analysis was performed by 2-way ANOVA, Tukey’s test, generalized linear models, and Student’s t test (a = 0.05). EDS data analysis revealed that TiO2-nts incorporated into GIC had no significant impact on the typical elemental composition of GICs in an in vitro caries model. Regarding the demineralizing solution, GIC with TiO2-nt significantly decreased the Al release rate, compared with the control group (p < 0.0001). Moreover, TiO2-nt incorporated into GIC did not alter the initial working time of the material (p > 0.05). These findings add information to our scientific body of knowledge concerning the potential impact of TiO2-nt on the performance of conventional GICs.

Abstract This in vitro study evaluated the impact of TiO2 nanotubes (n-TiO2) incorporated into glass ionomer cement (GIC) on Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) characteristics at cellular and molecular levels. n-TiO2, synthesized by the alkaline method (20 nm in size), was added to Ketac Molar EasyMix® at 0%, 3%, 5%, and 7% by weight. S. mutans strains were cultured on GIC disks with addition or not of n-TiO2 for 1, 3, and 7 days and the following parameters were assessed: inhibition halo (mm) (n=3/group); cell viability (live/dead) (n=5/group); cell morphology (SEM) (n=3/group); and gene expression by real-time PCR (vicR, covR, gtfB, gtfC, and gtfD) (n=6/group). The data were analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis test, repeated-measures ANOVA or two-way ANOVA, and Tukey’s and Dunn’s post-hoc tests (α=0.05). The agar diffusion test showed a higher antibacterial property for 5% n-TiO2 compared with 3% and 7% (p<0.05) with no effect of time (1, 3, and 7 days). The cell number was significantly affected by all n-TiO2 groups, while viability was mostly affected by 3% and 5% n-TiO2, which also affected cell morphology and organization. Real-time PCR demonstrated that n-TiO2 reduced the expression of covR when compared with GIC with no n-TiO2 (p<0.05), with no effect of time, except for 3% n-TiO2 on vicR expression. Within-group and between-group analyses revealed n-TiO2 did not affect mRNA levels of gtfB, gtfC, and gtfD (p>0.05). Incorporation of n-TiO2 at 3% and 5% potentially affected S. mutans viability and the expression of key genes for bacterial survival and growth, improving the anticariogenic properties of GIC.

Resumo A peritonite esclerosante encapsulante (PEE) é uma condição rara e grave, frequentemente associada à diálise peritoneal, caracterizada por obstrução intestinal, que pode ter uma evolução fatal em 20% dos pacientes. Apresenta-se como uma massa de tecido fibroso, recobrindo os tecidos viscerais, e pode comprometer o funcionamento fisiológico de todo o aparelho digestivo. O presente estudo relata um caso de PEE decorrente de diálise peritoneal (DP) devido à insuficiência renal por glomeruloesclerose focal e segmentar. No caso relatado, a paciente foi submetida a DP e passou por dois transplantes renais intervivos. São descritas as técnicas cirúrgicas e as medidas clínicas adotadas, que se revelaram úteis na resolução da obstrução intestinal, com melhora dos efeitos secundários da PEE. A dieta parenteral mostrou ser um importante fator para a manutenção do aporte nutricional, auxiliando na cicatrização e no nível sérico de proteínas, vitaminas e eletrólitos. A terapia com tamoxifeno e a administração de hipossulfito de sódio foram eficientes para retardar o avanço da PEE.

Abstract Encapsulating Peritoneal Sclerosis (EPS) is a severe and rare condition frequently associated with peritoneal dialysis, characterized by bowel obstruction, with lethal consequences in 20% of the patients. The disease presents as a mass of fibrous tissue encapsulating visceral organs that may potentially compromise digestive tract function. This report describes the case of a patient under peritoneal dialysis (PD) due to chronic kidney disease secondary to focal segmental glomerulosclerosis diagnosed with EPS. The patient had undergone two living-donor kidney transplant procedures. Surgical techniques and clinical measures employed to unravel bowel obstruction are described, which have been shown to ameliorate EPS secondary complications. Parenteral nutrition has significantly contributed to afford adequate nutrition, improving tissue healing as well as serum protein levels, vitamins and electrolytes. Therapy with tamoxifen and sodium thiosulfate effectively delayed the development of EPS.

Resumo Objetivos: O objetivo desta revisão foi realizar uma análise sistemática que avalie os efeitos clínicos e microbiológicos do uso local subgengival de HA 0,8% ou 0,2% como adjuvante ao alisamento radicular em pacientes com periodontite crónica. Métodos: Foi realizada uma pesquisa eletrónica nas seguintes bases de dados: PubMed, Lilacs e Chocrane sem restrições de tempo ou idioma, até 9 de Maio de 2018. Foram utilizadas as seguintes palavra-chave (“ácido hialurónico”; “periodontite”; “tratamento da periodontite”; “alisamento radicular”). Os seguintes parâmetros clínicos foram avaliados, nível de inserção clínica, profundidade de sondagem, hemorragia à sondagem, índice de placa e índice gengival. A revisão foi registrada com o número de identificação CRD42019131541, no PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Sistemmatic Reviews, hospedado pelo Instituto Nacional de Pesquisa em Saúde, Universidade de York, Centro de Revisões e Disseminação. Resultados: A combinação da aplicação ácido hialurónico com o alisamento radicular, apresenta resultados clínicos mais satisfatórios, quando comparados com o alisamento radicular isolado. Conclusões: Pode-se concluir que o ácido hialurónico é um adjuvante químico a considerar na terapia periodontal.

Abstract Objectives: The purpose of this review is to perform a systematic evaluation of the clinical effects of the local subgingival use of 0.8% or 0.2% hyaluronic acid (HA) as an adjunct to scaling and root planning in patients with chronic periodontitis. Methods: An electronic search was performed on PubMed, Lilacs, and Cochrane, without any time or language restrictions, on May 9, 2018, using the following keywords: “hyaluronic acid”; “periodontitis”; “treatment of periodontitis”; and “scaling.” The following parameters were evaluated: clinical attachment level (CAL) gain, probing depth (PD), bleeding on probing (BOP), plaque index (PI), and gingival index (IG). This review was registered with the identification number CRD42019131541 in the PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews hosted by the National Institute for Health Research, University of York, Centre for Reviews and Dissemination. Results: When applied to periodontitis, the combined treatment HA + SRP provides more satisfactory results than the conventional treatment of SRP alone in most of the outcome variables presented. Conclusion: It can be concluded that hyaluronic acid is a chemical adjuvant to consider in periodontal therapy.

RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar los casos de violencia contra ancianos en un municipio del sur de Minas Gerais (Brasil), en un periodo de 13 años. Materiales y método: estudio cuantitativo, retrospectivo, documental y analítico, que utilizó datos del Consejo Municipal del Anciano. La recolección de los datos referentes al periodo de 2004 a 2016 se dio en el primer semestre de 2017. Para el análisis de tendencia de los casos de violencia, se empleó la regresión lineal simple. Resultados: se registraron 389 denuncios; sin embargo, solo 273 caracterizaban denuncios de violencia contra el adulto mayor. En cuanto al agresor, el 39,56 % era de sexo masculino y el 43,59 % eran hijos de las víctimas. En relación con el tipo de violencia, se destacó la negligencia (34,80 %), seguida de la violencia psicológica (16,12 %) y financiera (8,79 %). Se evidenció una relación estadísticamente significativa entre el sexo de la víctima (p = 0,017), la relación entre víctima y denunciante (p < 0,001) y la relación entre víctima y agresor (p < 0,001), con el tipo de violencia. Conclusión: la violencia contra el adulto mayor en tal municipio implica, sobre todo, a los familiares de los individuos. Hay necesidad de capacitar a los profesionales que atienden estos casos y hay que elaborar una herramienta completa y estandarizada para el registro de incidencias y ampliación de investigaciones en el área, con el fin de que se implanten acciones que combatan la violencia contra el anciano.

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the cases of elder abuse in a municipality in the south of Minas Gerais (Brazil) over a 13-year period. Materials and methods: Quantitative, retrospective, documentary, analytical study using data from the Municipal Council of the Elderly. The collection of data for the period between 2004 and 2016 took place in the first half of 2017. For the trend analysis of cases of violence, simple linear regression was used. Results: 389 reports were received, but only 273 described elder abuse. As for the aggressor, 39.56 % were male and 43.59 % were children of the victims. In relation to the type of violence, negligence stood out (34.80 %), followed by psychological (16.12 %) and financial violence (8.79 %). There was a statistically significant relationship between the sex of the victim (p = 0.017), victim-complainant relationship (p <0.001), victim-aggressor relationship (p <0.001) and the type of violence. Conclusion: Elder abuse in such municipality generally involves relatives of the individuals. It is concluded that there is a need to train professionals and prepare a complete, standardized tool for recording incidents and expanding research in the area in order to take action to fight elder abuse.

RESUMO Objet¡vo: analisar os casos de violência contra idosos em um município do sul de Minas Gerais (Brasil) num período de 13 anos. Materiais e método: trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, retrospectivo, documental e analítico, que utilizou dados do Conselho Municipal do Idoso. A coleta de dados referentes ao período de 2004 a 2016 ocorreu no primeiro semestre de 2017. Para a análise de tendência dos casos de violência, utilizou-se regressão linear simples. Resultados: foram registradas 389 denúncias, entretanto apenas 273 caracterizavam denúncias de violência contra a pessoa idosa. Quanto ao agressor, 39,56 % eram do sexo masculino e 43,59 % eram filhos das vítimas. Com relação ao tipo de violência, destacou-se a negligência (34,80 %), seguida da violência psicológica (16,12 %) e financeira (8,79 %). Evidenciaram-se relação estatisticamente significativa entre sexo da vítima (p = 0,017), relação entre vítima e denunciante (p < 0,001), e relação entre vítima e agressor (p < 0,001) com o tipo de violência. Conclusão: a violência contra o idoso nesse município envolve, principalmente, os familiares desses indivíduos; ainda, conclui-se que há necessidade de capacitação dos profissionais e elaboração de uma ferramenta completa e padronizada para o registro de ocorrências e ampliação de investigações na área a fim de se implentarem ações de combate à violência contra o idoso.

Abstract The development of opportunistic infections due to poor denture hygiene conditions justified the search for effective hygiene protocols for controlling denture biofilm. Objective This study evaluated Ricinus communis and sodium hypochlorite solutions in terms of biofilm removal ability, remission of candidiasis, antimicrobial activity, and participant satisfaction. Material and Methods It was conducted a controlled clinical trial, randomized, double-blind, and crossover. Sixty-four denture wearers with (n=24) and without candidiasis (n=40) were instructed to brush (3 times/day) and immerse their dentures (20 min/day) in different storage solutions (S1 / S2: 0.25% / 0.5% sodium hypochlorite; S3: 10% R. communis; S4: Saline).The trial period for each solution was seven days and a washout period of seven days was used before starting the use of another solution. The variables were analyzed at baseline and after each trial period. The biofilm of inner surfaces of maxillary dentures was disclosed, photographed, and total and dyed areas were measured (Image Tool software). The percentage of biofilm was calculated. Remission of candidiasis was assessed by visual scale and score were attributed. Antimicrobial activity was assessed by the DNA-Checkerboard hybridization method. Patient satisfaction was measured using a questionnaire. Results S1 (4.41±7.98%) and S2 (2.93±5.23%) were more effective then S3 (6.95±10.93%) in biofilm remotion(P<0.0001). All solutions were different from the control (11.07±11.99%). S3 was the most effective solution in remission of candidiasis (50%), followed by S1 (46%). Concerning antimicrobial action, S1/S2 were similar and resulted in the lowest microorganism mean count (P=0.04), followed by S3. No significant differences were found with patient’s satisfaction. Conclusions 10% R. communis and 0.25% sodium hypochlorite were effective in biofilm removal, causing remission of candidiasis and reducing the formation of microbial colonies in denture surfaces. All solutions were approved by patients.

ABSTRACT To preserve oral health and to maintain the prosthetic devices, it is important not only to improve the properties of commonly known hygiene products, but also to investigate new materials with antimicrobial action. Objectives This study evaluated the antimicrobial activity of sodium hypochlorite (0.25% and 0.50%) and 10% Ricinus communis’ solutions against specific microorganisms. Material and Methods Sixty four maxillary complete denture wearers were instructed to brush their dentures three times a day and to soak them (20 min/day) in the solutions: SH1: 0.25% sodium hypochlorite; SH2: 0.5% sodium hypochlorite; RC: 10% R. communis oil; and C: 0.85% saline (control). The solutions were used for 7 days in a randomized sequence. Following each period of use, there was a 1-week washout period. Antimicrobial activity was determined by Colony Forming Units (CFU) counts of Streptococcus mutans, Candida spp., and gram-negative microorganisms. For collecting biofilm, the internal surface of maxillary dentures was brushed with saline solution, and biofilm suspension obtained. After dilutions (100 - 10-3), aliquots were seeded in Mitis salivarius, CHROMagar Candida®, and MacConkey agar for detecting S. mutans, Candida spp., or gram-negative microorganisms, respectively. After incubation, colonies were counted, and CFU/mL values were calculated. Then, transformation - log10 (CFU+1) - data were analyzed using the Friedman test (α=0.05). Results showed significant differences between the solutions (p<0.001). Results All three solutions showed antimicrobial activity against S. mutans. Against Candida spp., RC and SH1 solutions showed similar effect while SH2 showed superior activity. SH1 and SH2 solutions showed antimicrobial action against gram-negative microorganisms. The Candida species most frequently isolated was C. albicans, followed by C. tropicalis and C. glabrata. Conclusions The 0.5% sodium hypochlorite solution was the most effective and might be used to control denture biofilm. C. albicans was the most frequently isolated Candida sp.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar a correlação entre ENOS e a precipitação máxima diária mensal e anual no Estado de Goiás, de 1977 a 2006, utilizando-se dados do Serviço Climatológico Nacional dos Estados Unidos (NOAA). Gráficos de dispersão foram confeccionados mediante cálculos estatísticos para delinear a influência dos eventos de El (La) Niño(a) nas chuvas máximas diárias de Goiás durante a série histórica mensal, utilizando-se 88 estações com 30 anos de dados e 26 estações com 20 a 29 anos de dados. A fase mais intensa de La Niña, para o período de 1977 a 2006, registrou queda na temperatura oceânica equivalente a 1,9ºC em 1988, ocasionando uma precipitação máxima diária de 59,6 mm em Goiás. O episódio mais intenso do El Niño, durante a série histórica, ocorreu no ano de 1997 (a temperatura do oceano Pacífico aumentou 2,5ºC) e ocasionou uma precipitação máxima diária de 68,1 mm. Conclui-se com este estudo que a maior e a menor precipitação máxima diária anual, registrada para o Estado de Goiás no período de 1977 a 2006, foram de 461,3 mm (1997) e 360,3 mm (2003), respectivamente, e ocorreram em anos do El Niño moderado (1,3ºC) e fraco (0,5ºC).

The objective of this study was to investigate the correlation between ENSO and the maximum annual and daily precipitation over the State of Goiás, from 1977 to 2006, using data from National Weather Service of the United States (NOAA). Scatter plots were made by statistical calculations to delineate the influence of El (La) Niño (a) events on maximum daily rainfall over Goiás using the monthly series, from 88 gauge stations with 30 years of data and 26 stations with 20 to 29 years of data. The most intense phase of La Niña, for the period 1977 to 2006, recorded an ocean temperature decrease equivalent to 1.9ºC in 1988, resulting in a maximum daily rainfall of 59.6 mm in Goiás The episode of the most intense El Niño during the series occurred in the year 1997 (Pacific ocean temperature increased 2.5ºC) and caused a maximum daily rainfall of 68.1 mm. It is concluded from this study that the highest and lowest maximum daily precipitation recorded for the State of Goiás, in the period 1977 to 2006, were 461.3 mm (1997) and 360.3 mm (2003), respectively, and occurred in years of moderate El Nino (1.3ºC) and weak (0.5ºC) El Niño.

O objetivo desta revisão sistemática foi revisar a qualidade de traduções e as propriedades de medida de questionários que avaliam lesões de joelho. Foram incluídos questionários desenvolvidos em língua estrangeira que foram traduzidos à língua portuguesa. Foram realizadas buscas nas bases CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, LILACS, PUBMED e SCIELO. Ao final das buscas 868 estudos foram encontrados e 16 foram incluídos. A maioria dos questionários incluídos apresentaram todas as etapas do processo de tradução. Entretanto, quanto às propriedades de medida foi observada uma carência de análises entre os questionários. O questionário VISA-P foi o melhor questionário em relação à qualidade metodológica traduzido para o português do Brasil, foi o único que testou todas as propriedades de medida com valores adequados. O VISA-P é específico para tendinopatia patelar, desta forma, o melhor questionário para avaliar condições gerais do joelho seria o LEFS. Quanto ao português de Portugal, o questionário não específico KOS-ADLS foi considerado o melhor, pois foi o único que cumpriu adequadamente as etapas de tradução e foi testado para todas as propriedades de medida.

The aim of this systematic review was to review the quality of the translation and the measurement properties from questionnaires that assess injuries of the knee. We included questionnaires that were developed in foreign language and have been translated and validated into Portuguese. The databases used were CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, LILACS, PUBMED and SCIELO and the final search resulted in a total of 868 studies included, from which 16 were eligible. Most included questionnaires presented all steps expected in a translation process; however there were some deficiencies in measurement properties among the questionnaires. The VISA-P Brazil was the best questionnaire when analyzing translation process and measurement properties tested. It was the only questionnaire that tested all measurement properties investigated and presented adequate values for all of them. KOS-ADLS was the best questionnaire translated to Portuguese from Portugal. Among all, the VISA-P Brazil is the best questionnaire to be used with Brazilian Portuguese speakers when the condition is related to patellar tendinopathy and the LEFS is the best questionnaire for other general conditions of the knee. For Portuguese from Portugal, the best questionnaire is the KOS-ADLS, and like the LEFS it does not target any specific injury.

This paper aims to demonstrate how the responses of public health officials to judicial decisions have shaped drug distribution policies in the state of São Paulo. Data was collected and structured interviews were conducted at the state of São Paulo Department for Health in order to show how different strategies of response to judicial decisions affected the policy of medication distribution by the public sector. We also analysed recent Supreme Federal Court jurisprudence to show how the Court reformed its earlier views on the subject as a result of the demands made by public health officials. It is our understanding that the current literature has failed to produce a more comprehensive view of this phenomenon because of its focus solely on judicial decisions, without taking a step further to analyse how public health officials reacted to them, which would have addressed the compliance problem inherent to positive rights enforcement. Finally, we see this process not as merely positive or negative, but as one that goes beyond the different normative biases present in the literature on the subject, and focus on the mechanisms behind the impact of the judicialization of the right to healthcare on policies of medication distribution. sector them enforcement Finally negative

Abstract Fine-root biomass and distribution in the humus profile were investigated for to assess the effects on the top-soil of selective logging and trails in forest fragments. Sampling was carried out in more preserved areas (forest plots), border’s trails plots and trails belong a transect. Organic layers and A1 horizon samples were taken in the Sooretama protected area and in two forest fragments. In spite of quantitative differences among forest areas, 30 - 40% fine-root biomass are found above A1 horizon. In the fragments the differences among the internal situations were significant, with loss of the surface layers not only in the trails, but also in the borders. The biomass and the distribution of fine-roots in the profile are related to the tree community’s and humus layers modifications. It is discussed the sustainability of the forest areas and the functional loss of the decomposition system in the trails and their adjacencies.

Resumo A biomassa e a distribuição das raízes finas no perfil húmico foram estudados a fim de avaliar os impactos das vias de passagem sobre o topo do solo em fragmentos florestais submetidos a extrativismo seletivo. Foram coletadas em áreas de mata, bordas de trilhas e trilhas amostras das camadas sobre o horizonte A1 e o próprio A1, na RB Sooretama e em dois fragmentos. Apesar de diferenças quantitativas entre as áreas de mata, 30% a 40% das raízes encontram-se sobrepostas ao A1. Nos fragmentos as diferenças entre as situações internas foram significativas, com perda das camadas de superfície não somente nas trilhas, mas também nas bordas (até 40m). A biomassa e a distribuição de raízes no perfil húmico são relacionadas às modificações da comunidade arbórea e das camadas orgânicas. Discute-se a sustentabilidade das áreas de mata e a perda funcional do subsistema de decomposição nas trilhas e suas adjacências.

Quatro éguas sem raça definida (idade e peso corporal médios de seis anos e 400 kg) foram distribuídas em delineamento experimental em quadrado latino para se avaliar o valor nutritivo e o estudo cinético do trato digestivo de grãos secos ou ensilados de sorgo de baixo e alto conteúdos de tanino na alimentação de eqüinos. Os tratamentos consistiram de dietas contendo dois híbridos de grãos de sorgo (baixo e alto níveis de tanino) e dois métodos de conservação (secos e ensilados). As dietas foram isoprotéicas (12,4% PB), com ingestão diária de MS estabelecida em 1,5% PV (relação feno:concentrado de 50: 50). Os parâmetros de trânsito gastrintestinal avaliados foram: k1 (taxa de passagem pelo intestino grosso), k2 (taxa de passagem pelo estômago), TT (tempo de trânsito), TMR (tempo médio de retenção) e TMRT (tempo médio de retenção total). Os tratamentos não afetaram os coeficientes de digestibilidade aparente (CDa) da MS e do amido, cujos valores médios foram 54,04 e 98,91%, respectivamente. Verificou-se efeito benéfico da ensilagem dos grãos de sorgo de alto conteúdo de tanino sobre a digestibilidade da PB e FDN. A CDa da PB e FDN para a dieta contendo grãos secos de sorgo de alto teor de tanino foi de 49,76 e 32,20% e para as dietas com grãos de sorgo de baixo conteúdo de tanino (seco ou ensilado) e grãos ensilados de sorgo de alto teor de tanino foi de 65,63 e 43,32%, respectivamente. Obteve-se somente efeito do método de conservação dos grãos de sorgo (secos vs ensilados) sobre o TMR, em que o valor para as dietas com silagens de grãos ensilados e secos foi, respectivamente, de 40,08 e 37,9h. Concluiu-se que os grãos de sorgo secos de alto teor de tanino não devem ser usados como principal grão energético nos concentrados para eqüinos, por diminuírem a digestibilidade da proteína e fibra.

Four crosbred mares averaging six years and 400 kg BW were allotted to latin square design. The objective was to evaluate the nutritive values and kinetics of digestive tract of dry grains or high-moisture grains silage of sorghum with low and high tannin in the feeding of equines. The treatments consisted of diets containing two hybrids of sorghum grains (low and high tannin) and to methods of conservation (dry an ensiled). Diets were formulated to be isoprotein (12.4% CP) with daily DM intake established in 1.5% BW (hay to concentrate ratio of 50:50). The parameters of gastrointestinal transit were: k1 (passage rate in the large intestine); k2 (passage rate in the stomach); TT (transit time); MRT (mean retention time) and TMRT (mean total retention time). No effect treatment was observed for aCD of DM and starch, whose means values were 54.04 and 98.91%, respectively. A benefic effect of the ensiling of high tannin and high-moisture sorghum grains on digestibility of CP and NDF. The aCD of CP and NDF for diets containing high tannin and dry grains of sorghum was of 49.76% and 32.20% and for diets containing of low tannin sorghum grains (dry and ensiled) and high tannin and high-moisture sorghum grains was of 65.63 and 43.32%, respectively. There was effect only of the conservation method of the sorghum grains (dry versus ensiled) on the TMR, where the value for the diets with silages of high-moisture grains and dry grains was, respectively, of 40.08 and 37.9h. In conclusion, high tannin sorghum dry grains should not be used as the main grain in energetic concentrates for horses, because they reduced the digestion of protein and fiber.