Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da anemia infecciosa equina (AIE) no desempenho físico de equinos da região do Pantanal brasileiro. Foram avaliados 16 machos, divididos em dois grupos: 8 soronegativos (G1) e 8 soropositivos (G2) para AIE. Dois testes de esforço progressivo foram realizados, antes (T1) e após (T2) 42 dias de treinamento. Foram registrados frequência cardíaca, concentração de lactato, distância percorrida e níveis de hematócrito. Em ambos os testes, o G1 percorreu uma distância maior. No T2, o G2 apresentou menores níveis de hematócrito e menor velocidade obtida a diferentes concentrações de lactato e frequências cardíacas. O desempenho atlético dos equídeos avaliados é afetado pela anemia infecciosa equina.

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of equine infectious anemia (EIA) on the physical performance of equines from the Brazilian Pantanal region. A total of 16 males were evaluated, divided into two groups: 8 seronegative (G1) and 8 seropositive (G2) for EIA. Two graded exercise tests were carried out before (T1) and after (T2) 42 days of training. Heart rate, lactate concentration, distance covered, and hematocrit level were recorded. In both tests, G1 covered a greater distance. In T2, G2 had lower hematocrit levels and lower speeds reached at different lactate concentrations and heart rates. The athletic performance of the evaluated equines is affected by equine infectious anemia.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to assess the physical performance of Pantaneiro horses with and without equine infectious anemia (EIA) under functional conditions of cattle management. The horses were subjected to a performance test and split into two groups according to a completely randomized design: animals were chosen from populations testing positive and negative for EIA. Performance was measured as a function of a data envelopment analysis (DEA) model considering four outputs and one unitary input. The output measures were the distance achieved in the performance test, hematocrit as a weighted average over the test duration, respiratory rate as weighted average over the test duration, and the level of lactic acid at the test termination. Weights for the hematocrit and the respiratory rate output variables were determined by means of factor analysis. The performance score was a weighted average of the output variables with the weights defined by the averages of the optimum individual multipliers in the DEA analysis. Contextual variables of interest were age, horse weight, room temperature, and corporal temperature. Only groups and room temperature were statistically significant effects, as indicated by a bootstrap analysis. The performance of group positive for EIA is significantly lower than that of the group negative for EIA and room temperature has a negative effect.

RESUMO O presente estudo objetivou aplicar o Simple Algorithm For Evapotranspiration Retrieving (SAFER) juntamente com imagens MODIS e dados meteorológicos para analisar a evapotranspiração (ET) e a produção de biomassa (BIO) de acordo com classes indicativas de degradação das pastagens na bacia hidrográfica do Alto Tocantins. Classes indicativas de pastagens degradadas foram obtidas a partir de série temporal de NDVI (2002 a 2012). Para estimar a ET e a BIO em cada classe, imagens MODIS e dados de estações meteorológicas do ano de 2012 foram utilizados. Os resultados indicam que, em relação às pastagens não degradadas, a ET e a BIO apresentaram diferenças, principalmente no período de estresse hídrico, nas pastagens com indicativo de degradação moderado e forte. Assim, alterações na partição do balanço de energia podem ocorrer de acordo com os níveis de degradação, haja vista que indicativos de processos de degradação foram identificados em 24% das áreas de pastagens plantadas. Nesse contexto, as estimativas de ET e BIO por meio de técnicas de sensoriamento remoto pode ser um bom indicador da disponibilidade de forragem e, consequentemente, de aspectos relacionados à degradação das pastagens em larga escala. Espera-se que esse conhecimento possa contribuir para iniciativas de políticas públicas voltadas para o controle da perda do potencial produtivo das áreas de pastagens na bacia do Alto Tocantins, Estado de Goiás.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to apply the Simple Algorithm For Evapotranspiration Retrieving (SAFER) with MODIS images together with meteorological data to analyze evapotranspiration (ET) and biomass production (BIO) according to indicative classes of pasture degradation in Upper Tocantins River Basin. Indicative classes of degraded pastures were obtained from the NDVI time-series (2002-2012). To estimate ET and BIO in each class, MODIS images and data from meteorological stations of the year 2012 were used. The results show that compared to not-degraded pastures, ET and BIO were different in pastures with moderate to strong degradation, mainly during water stress period. Therefore, changes in energy balance partition may occur according to the degradation levels, considering that those indicatives of degradation processes were identified in 24% of the planted pasture areas. In this context, ET and BIO estimates using remote sensing techniques can be a reliable indicator of forage availability, and large-scale aspects related to the degradation of pastures. It is expected that this knowledge may contribute to initiatives of public policies aimed at controlling the loss of production potential of pasture areas in the Upper Tocantins River Basin in the state of Goiás, Brazil.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar a estrutura de dependência espacial de atributos do solo e sua interferência na produção de biomassa epígea de pastagem de capim‑marandu (Urochloa brizantha). Amostras de Latossolo Vermelho‑Amarelo foram coletadas em rede de pontos georreferenciados, para a determinação de atributos físicos e químicos do solo e da produção de biomassa epígea da pastagem, no verão e outono de 2010/2011. Verificou-se dependência espacial das variáveis, por meio de análise geoestatística com construção e ajuste de semivariogramas, interpolação por krigagem ordinária e espacialização em mapas de isolinhas. A dependência espacial ocorreu para alguns atributos físicos e químicos do solo (areia, densidade, resistência à penetração, infiltração, pH, MO, P, K, Ca, Mg, H+Al, Al, CTC e V), e para a biomassa da pastagem medida nas estações verão e outono. A análise espacial de atributos físicos do solo permite identificar áreas degradadas da pastagem. A biomassa da pastagem é mais influenciada pelos atributos físicos do solo do que pelos químicos.

The objective of this work was to identify the spatial structure dependence of soil attributes and its interference on the production of epigeal biomass of Urochloa brizantha. A Typic Hapludox was sampled at geocoded grid points in order to determine soil physical and chemical properties and the epigeal biomass production of pasture during the summer and fall seasons of 2010/2011. Spatial dependence of variables was verified by geostatistical analysis using construction and adjustment of semivariograms, ordinary kriging interpolation, and spatial maps. Spatial dependence occurred for some physical and chemical soil properties (sand, density, penetration resistance, infiltration, pH, MO, P, K, Ca, Mg, H+Al, Al, CEC, and base saturation), and for pasture biomass measured in the summer and fall seasons. Spatial analysis of soil physical attributes allows identifying areas with the highest pasture degradation. Biomass pasture is more influenced by the soil physical attributes than by the chemical ones.

This study investigated the microbial metabolism in Bermuda-grass Tifton 85 areas after potable-water and effluent irrigation treatments. The experiment was carried out in Lins/SP with samples taken in the rainy and dry seasons (2006) after one year and three years of irrigation management, and set up on an entirely randomized block design with four treatments: C (control, without irrigation or fertilization), PW (potable water + 520 kg of N ha-1 year-1); TE3 and TE0 (treated effluent + 520 kg of N ha-1 year-1) for three years and one year, respectively. The parameters determined were: microbial biomass carbon, microbial activity, and metabolic quotient. Irrigation with wastewater after three years indicated no alteration in soil quality for C and ET3; for PW, a negative impact on soil quality (microbial biomass decrease) suggested that water-potable irrigation in Lins is not an adequate option. Microbial activity alterations observed in TE0 characterize a priming effect.

A composição isotópica do carbono (delta13C) foi utilizada na determinação da origem botânica (C3 x C4) de amostras de café, vinho, cerveja e vodka, de diferentes marcas e procedências, comercializadas no Brasil. Dentre as marcas de café analisadas, apenas uma apresentou um elevado percentual de plantas C4 em sua composição, evidenciado pelo valor de delta13C (-16,2‰). Os valores de delta13C das amostras de vinhos brasileiros, variaram entre -25,1 e -17,1‰, indicando a presença de carbono de origem C4 nas amostras que tiveram os maiores valores de delta13C. Duas marcas de vinhos importados, por sua vez, apresentaram delta13C característico de planta C3 (-27,1 e -26,3‰). Os valores de delta13C das vodkas importadas variaram entre -26,4 e -23,9‰, e as brasileiras entre -12,8 e -11,8‰, excetuando-se uma marca que apresentou valor -23,1‰. As marcas de cervejas importadas, em sua maioria, apresentaram valores mais negativos (-27,3 a -20,7‰) que as nacionais (-25,9 a -18,4‰). Estes resultados evidenciam a eficiência desta metodologia na determinação da origem do C e percentual de mistura destas bebidas.

We used the carbon isotopic composition (delta13C) to determine the botanical origin (whether C3 or C4) of coffee, wine, beer and vodka samples from different brands and origins commercialized in Brazil. Only one coffee sample showed a delta13C typical of a mixture with C4 plants (delta13C -16.2‰). The Brazilian wine samples varied from delta13C -25.1 to -18.6‰, indicating the presence of carbon from C4 plants in samples with greater values, while the imported wine showed delta13C characteristic of C3 plants (-27.1 and -26.3‰). Imported vodka also showed delta13C typical of C3 plants (-26.4 and -23.9‰), while Brazilian counterparts were typically made from C4 plants (-12.8 to -11.8‰), except for one sample (23,1‰). Most of the imported beers showed more negative d13C (-27.3 to -20.7‰) than did the Brazilian beers (-25.9 to -18.4‰). These results demonstrate the method's efficiency for tracing the carbon origin and determining the extent of blending in beverages.