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Punica granatum L. (Lythraceae), a new host plant for Edessa meditabunda (Fabricius, 1974) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in Mato Grosso, Brazil
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Pires, E. M.

; Nogueira, R. M.

; Oliveira, M. A.

; Soares, M. A.

Brazilian Journal of Biology

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2024, Volume 84 elocation e259144

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.259144

Crop-Livestock Integration: Attack of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on transgenic maize and Bachiaria brizantha (Poaceae)
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Carvalho, Paulo Henrique Baêta Nogueira de

; Faustino Júnior, Wilson

; Caldeira, Zaira Vieira

; Silva, Ricardo Siqueira da

; Veloso, Ronnie Von dos Santos

; Soares, Marcus Alvarenga

Revista Ceres

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aug 2023, Volume 70 N. 4 Pages 91 - 96

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT The Crop-Livestock Integration system has sustainable potential. But pests such as the defoliating caterpillar Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) can reduce the productivity of this system. The objective was to report transgenic maize and Brachiaria brizantha (A. Rich.) (Poaceae) plants attacked by S. frugiperda in the Crop-Livestock Integration system. Feroz VIP3 ® transgenic maize (SYN8A98 TLTG Viptera) and B. brizantha MG-5 Xaraés plants attacked by S. frugiperda were evaluated 20 days after planting, weekly and for 28 days. The transgenic maize plants were less attacked by S. frugiperda than those of B. brizantha. The negative impact of this pest on B. brizantha suggests the planning and adopting strategies for its control, such as the use of traps, resistant cultivars, and biological or chemical products, minimizing losses in animal production and, consequently, in human food.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-737x202370040012

Characterization of Flavonoids Profiles in Polar Extracts from Croton grewioides Baill. Using Ultra-High Resolution Mass Spectrometry Baill UltraHigh Ultra High
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Nascimento, Pedro E. S. do

; Prado, Vilma M. J.

; Jesus, Raphael A. de

; Silva, Wenes R. da

; Wisniewski Jr., Alberto

; Sá Filho, José C. F.

; Blank, Arie F.

; Souza, Daniel A. de

; Wartha, Elma R. S. A.

; Nogueira, Paulo C. L.

; Moraes, Valéria R. S.

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

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jul 2023, Volume 34 N. 7 Pages 937 - 948

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Research to identify plant bioactive compounds led to the evolution of extraction methods. This study optimized ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) to extract the flavonoids of Croton grewioides Baill. species contributing to characterize the polar extract profile and understand the antioxidant potential of these plant constituents. The use of experimental design and statistical treatments enabled the determination of the ideal conditions for each technique. The extracts of five accessions of C. grewioides were obtained under the optimized extraction conditions and were analyzed using ultra high-resolution mass spectrometry (FT-Orbitrap MS) operating at negative ionization mode for flavonoids detection. The accurate experimental mass obtained to the main compounds was used to attribute the molecular formula. Chemical structures of the main compounds detected were proposed using structure data bases. Chemometric analysis were performed with two FT-Orbitrap MS spectra samples using the identified metabolites and, the antioxidant activity data, showing that for this species the MAE was most effective in extracting the antioxidant compounds. It was possible to propose the structures for forty compounds in the C. grewioides extracts, demonstrating the excellent performance of the FT-Orbitrap MS in providing information on the chemical profile of polar compounds in plant extracts. methods ultrasoundassisted ultrasound assisted UAE (UAE microwaveassisted microwave (MAE Baill constituents technique C highresolution high resolution FTOrbitrap FT Orbitrap detection formula bases

https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20230004

Judicialização do direito à saúde com foco em doenças tropicais negligenciadas: dimensões e desafios no Estado do Piauí, Nordeste do Brasil, 2000-2020
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Andrade, Nayla Rochele Nogueira de

; Nunes, Carlos Francisco Oliveira

; Ferreira, Anderson Fuentes

; Araújo, Carmem E. Leitão

; Albuquerque, Felipe Braga

; Silva, José Alexandre Menezes da

; Araújo Filho, Francisco José de

; Freire, Patrícia de Sá

; Ramos Jr., Alberto Novaes

Ciência & Saúde Coletiva

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jan 2023, Volume 28 N. 1 Pages 7 - 22

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a magnitude e o perfil das demandas judiciais por bens e serviços de saúde pública, verificando também a presença de demandas judiciais para doenças tropicais negligenciadas (DTNs) no Estado do Piauí entre 2000-2020. Estudo transversal descritivo a partir de bases de dados do Tribunal de Justiça do Piauí acerca de processos judiciais demandando bens e serviços de saúde à administração pública direta. Foram identificados inicialmente um total de 6.658 processos judiciais. Após análise de elegibilidade, 1.384 processos (20,8%) foram analisados, verificando-se aumento da demanda a partir de 2017. Ressalta-se as características: origem na capital Teresina (614; 44,4%), 40 a 59 anos de idade (372; 26,9%), sexo feminino (761; 55,0%), agricultores (123; 8,9%), assistência jurídica pública (1.063; 76,8%), julgados procedentes (594; 42,9%). Cinco (5; 0,4%) demandas judiciais para DTNs, uma leishmaniose visceral solicitando transporte, procedente; quatro para hanseníase (dois medicamentos, um concedido, outro extinto sem resolução do mérito, uma consulta e um exame, ambos concedidos). A judicialização do direito à saúde é expressiva e crescente no estado do Piauí. A baixa demanda relacionada a DTNs pode traduzir limitação de acesso não apenas à saúde, mas ao Poder Judiciário.

Abstract This article aims to analyse the magnitude and profile of legal demands for public health goods and services, also verifying the presence of legal demands for neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) in the State of Piauí between 2000-2020. Cross-sectional descriptive study based on the databases of the Court of Justice of Piauí on lawsuits demanding from the Direct Public Administration, goods and health services. A total of 6,658 lawsuits were initially identified. After eligibility analysis, 1,384 cases (20.8%) were analysed, with an increase in demand from 2017. We highlight the characteristics: origin in the capital Teresina (614; 44.4%), 40 to 59 years of age (372; 26.9%), female (761; 55.0%), farmers (123; 8.9%), public legal assistance (1,063; 76.8%), upheld (594; 42.9%). Five (5; 0.4%) lawsuits for NTDs, one visceral leishmaniasis requesting transportation, with granting, four for leprosy (two medicines, one granted, other extinguished without resolution of the merit, one consultation and one exam granted). The judicialization of the right to health is expressive and growing in the State of Piauí. The low demand related to NTDs may translate into limited access not only to health care, but also to the judiciary.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232023281.06402022

Judicialização do direito à saúde com foco em doenças tropicais negligenciadas: dimensões e desafios no Estado do Piauí, Nordeste do Brasil, 2000-2020
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Andrade, Nayla Rochele Nogueira de

; Nunes, Carlos Francisco Oliveira

; Ferreira, Anderson Fuentes

; Araújo, Carmem E. Leitão

; Albuquerque, Felipe Braga

; Silva, José Alexandre Menezes da

; Araújo Filho, Francisco José de

; Freire, Patrícia de Sá

; Ramos Jr., Alberto Novaes

Ciência & Saúde Coletiva

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jan 2023, Volume 28 N. 1 Pages 7 - 22

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232023281.06402022

Enzymatic stoichiometry in tropical soil under pure and mixed plantations of eucalyptus with N2-fixing trees
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Pereira, Arthur Prudêncio de Araujo

; Araujo, Ademir Sérgio Ferreira

; Santana, Maiele Cintra

; Lima, Antonio Yan Viana

; Araujo, Victor Lucas Vieira Prudêncio de

; Verma, Jay Prakash

; Cardoso, Elke Jurandy Bran Nogueira

Scientia Agricola

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2023, Volume 80 elocation e20210283

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT: Soil enzymes play a fundamental role in nutrient cycling in forest systems. The stoichiometry of C, N, and P–acquiring enzymes has been used to indicate nutrient limitation in the soil. However, the enzymatic stoichiometry remains poorly understood in pure and mixed eucalypt plantations. Thus, this study aims to assess the activity of enzymes in the soil to address the hypothesis that the introduction of N2-fixing trees could influence the enzymatic stoichiometry on C, N, and P cycling. The activity of β-glucosidase (BG), urease (U), and acid phosphatase (AP) was assessed in soil (0-20 cm depth) of pure Eucalyptus grandis without (E) and with N fertilization (E+N), and a mixed system with E. grandis and Acacia mangium (E+A), and a pure A. mangium (A) plantation at 27 and 39 months after planting. The activities of BG/U, BG/AP, and U/AP were used to calculate the enzyme C/N, C/P, and N/P ratios, respectively. Rates of N–acquiring enzymes were higher in E and E+N, while soil microorganisms invested in P–acquiring enzymes in A and E+A. The vector length and angle demonstrated that C demand by microorganisms does not change in relation to N and P, regardless of the treatment. However, N demand decreased in relation to P in A and E+A (mainly at 27 months). Our results suggest that enzymes activity in pure eucalypt systems is limited for their soil-litter nutrient contents. At the same time while acacia and mixed plantation seem to invest in P–acquiring enzymes to improve biological N2 fixation promoted by diazotrophic bacteria associated to acacia.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-992x-2021-0283

Rhinitis in goat by Exserohilum rostratum (Setosphaeria rostrata)
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Firmino, Millena de Oliveira

; Alves, Rodrigo Cruz

; Soares, Karoline Lacerda

; Silva, Tatiane Rodrigues da

; Maruyama, Fernanda Harumi

; Dutra, Valéria

; Galiza, Glauco José Nogueira de

; Dantas, Antônio Flávio Medeiros

Ciência Rural

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2023, Volume 53 N. 2 elocation e20210807

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO: Descreve-se um caso de rinite por Exserohilum rostratum em um caprino, sem raça definida, fêmea, três anos, com diminuição do apetite, dispneia e deformidade facial, com evolução de aproximadamente dois meses. Durante a necropsia, observou-se que na cavidade nasal havia área focal extensa, amarelo acastanhada, irregular, ulcerada e friável, que drenava secreção purulenta acometendo o vestíbulo nasal e estendendo-se da porção caudal da concha dorsal, associada a obstrução do meato nasal, destruição do septo nasal e osso nasal palatino e vômer. Histologicamente, a lesão foi caracterizada como rinite e osteomielite piogranulomatosa e necrosante, multifocal a coalescente, aguda, crônica, associada a uma miríade de estruturas fúngicas. Morfologicamente, as hifas foram caracterizadas por paredes finas, discretamente tortuosas e septadas medindo 2 a 6 μm de diâmetro. Observamos algumas cadeias de conídios ou grupos com 8 a 10 μm de diâmetro e clamidoconídios pigmentados medindo de 7,5 a 15 μm de diâmetro. Foram positivos na histoquímica especial de Fontana Masson, Nitrato de Metenamina de Prata de Grocott e Ácido Periódico de Schiff. O agente foi determinado por meio de isolamento microbiológico associado à identificação molecular. A rinite piogranulomatosa causada por E. rostratum em caprinos é inédita, sendo o primeiro isolamento do agente em animais no Brasil e o primeiro caso de feo-hifomicose nasal na espécie caprina.

ABSTRACT: We described a case of rhinitis case caused by Exserohilum rostratum in a 3-year-old, mixed breed, afemale goat, presenting with decreased appetite, dyspnea, and face deformity, with evolution of approximately 2 months. Necropsy revealed an extensive brownish yellow, irregular, ulcerated, and friable focal lesion in the nasal cavity. Purulent secretion drained from the lesion, affecting the nasal vestibule and extending the caudal portion of the dorsal concha, associated with nasal meatus obstruction, destruction of the nasal septum, and nasal bone palatine and vomer. Histologically, the lesion was characterized as rhinitis and pyogranulomatous and necrotizing osteomyelitis (multifocal to coalescent, sharp, and chronic) and associated with a myriad of fungal structures. Morphologically, the hyphae were characterized by thin, slightly tortuous, and rarely septate walls (2-6 μm diameter), multiple chains of individual conidia or in groups (8-10 μm diameter), and pigmented chlamydoconidia (7.5-15 μm diameter). They showed positive results for the special histochemical techniques such as Fontana Masson, methenamine silver nitrate by Grocott, and periodic acid by Schiff. E. rostratum was identified as the causative agent using microbiological isolation associated with molecular identification. Pyrogranulomatous rhinitis caused by E. rostratum in goats is unprecedented, being the first isolation of the agent in animals in Brazil and the first case of nasal phaeohyphomycosis in the goats.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20210807

Resistance determinants of emerging pathogens isolated from an intensive care unit as a parameter of population health conditions of the Legal Amazon microregion
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Deusdará, T. T.

; Felix, M. K. C.

; Brito, H. S.

; Ribeiro, D. R.

; Cangussu, E. W. S.

; Albuquerque, B.

; Santos, G. R.

; Chaves, J. R.

; Carvalho, W. C. R.

; Astolfi-Filho, S.

; Assunção, E. N.

; Mariúba, L. A. M.

; Nogueira, P. A.

; Viana, K. F.

; Brandi, I. V.

; Cangussu, A. S. R.

Brazilian Journal of Biology

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2023, Volume 83 elocation e269778

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

Abstract Bacteria responsible for causing infections are common in hospital environments, water, soil, and food products. The infection risk is intensified by the absence of public sanitation, poor quality of life, and food scarcity. These external factors promote the dissemination of pathogens by direct contamination or biofilm formation. In this work, we identified bacterial isolates obtained from intensive care units in the southern region of Tocantins, Brazil. We compared matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) techniques and 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) molecular analysis; we also performed phenotypic characterization. Fifty-six isolates characterized using morphotinctorial tests were classified as gram-positive (80.4%; n = 45) and gram-negative (19.6%; n = 11) and were resistant to several antibiotic classes; notably, we identified the blaOXA-23 resistance gene in the ILH10 isolate. Microbial identification using MALDI-TOF MS resulted in the identification of Sphingomonas paucimobilis and Bacillus circulans. 16S rRNA sequencing revealed four isolates belonging to the genera Bacillus and Acinetobacter. The similarity was superior to 99% for Acinetobacter schindleri in the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST), grouped in the clade superior to 90%. Several strains isolated from intensive care units (ICU) were resistant to various antibiotic classes. These techniques allowed for the identification of several microorganisms of importance in public health, enabling improvements in human infection control and proving the quality of inputs, food, and water.

Resumo As bactérias responsáveis por causar infecções são comuns em ambientes hospitalares, água, solo e produtos alimentícios. O risco de infecção é intensificado pela ausência de saneamento público, má qualidade de vida e escassez de alimentos. Esses fatores externos promovem a disseminação de patógenos por contaminação direta ou formação de biofilme. Neste trabalho, identificamos isolados bacterianos obtidos de unidades de terapia intensiva na região sul do Tocantins, Brasil. Comparamos técnicas de espectrometria de massa de tempo de voo com ionização por dessorção a laser assistida por matriz (MALDI-TOF MS) e análise molecular de ácido ribonucleico ribossômico 16S (rRNA); também realizamos caracterização fenotípica. Cinquenta e seis isolados caracterizados por testes morfotintoriais foram classificados como gram-positivos (80,3%; n = 45) e gram-negativos (19,6%; n = 11) e foram resistentes a várias classes de antibióticos; notavelmente, identificamos o gene de resistência blaOXA-23 no isolado de ILH10. A identificação microbiana usando MALDI-TOF MS resultou na identificação de Sphingomonas paucimobilis e Bacillus circulans. O sequenciamento do 16S rRNA revelou quatro isolados pertencentes aos gêneros Bacillus e Acinetobacter. A similaridade foi superior a 99% para Acinetobacter schindleri no BLAST, agrupado no clado superior a 90%. Várias cepas isoladas de ICU foram resistentes a várias classes de antibióticos. Essas técnicas permitiram a identificação de diversos microrganismos de importância em saúde pública, possibilitando melhorias no controle de infecções humanas e comprovando a qualidade dos insumos, alimentos e água.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.269778

Does silicon attenuate PEG 6000-induced water deficit in germination and growth initial the seedlings corn
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Sousa, L. I. S.

; Brito, A. E. A.

; Souza, L. C.

; Teixeira, K. B. S.

; Nascimento, V. R.

; Albuquerque, G. D. P.

; Oliveira Neto, C. F.

; Okumura, R. S.

; Nogueira, G. A. S.

; Freitas, J. M. N.

; Monteiro, G. G. T. N.

Brazilian Journal of Biology

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2023, Volume 83 elocation e265991

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

Abstract Water stress limits the initial growth and development of maize mass and grain, as well as the physiological process for absorbing the amount of mineral elements. The objective was to evaluate the effect of silicon on germination and growth of corn seedlings submitted to water deficit. The experiment was carried out in the laboratory and the experimental design was completely randomized (factorial 3 × 4), with three concentrations of calcium silicate (0.0; 1.0 and 2.0 mM) and 4 solutions of PEG-6000 to simulate different osmotic potentials (0, 0; -0.3; -0.6; -0.9 MPa). Germination percentage, germination speed index (GSI), mean germination time (MGT), percentage of non-germinated and abnormal germinated, length and dry matter of shoot, root and total seedlings were evaluated. Water deficiency reduced the parameters TG, GSI and MGT. The water deficit reduce the MSPA, MSR and MST with more than 80% reduction in mass from seedlings without deficiency to seedlings with deficiency. For CPA, CR and CT there was a reduction of at least 87%, 70% and 77%, respectively, among seeds without deficiency compared to seeds submitted to deficiency. The use of silicon in corn seeds did not attenuate the stress caused by water deficit simulated by PEG-6000.

Resumo O estresse hídrico limita o crescimento inicial e o desenvolvimento da massa e do grão de milho, assim como no processo fisiológico para a absorção da quantidade de elementos minerais. Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito do silício na germinação e no crescimento de plântulas de milho submetidas a deficiência hídrica. O experimento foi desenvolvido em laboratório e o delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado (DIC) (fatorial 3 × 4), sendo três concentrações de Silicato de cálcio (0,0; 1,0 e 2,0 mM) e 4 soluções de PEG-6000 a simular diferentes potenciais osmóticos (0,0; -0,3; -0,6; -0,9 MPa). Foram avaliados a porcentagem de germinação, o índice de velocidade de germinação (IVG), o tempo médio de germinação (TMG), a porcentagem de não germinadas e de germinadas anormais, o comprimento e matéria seca da parte aérea, raiz e total das plântulas. A deficiência hídrica diminuiu os parâmetros TG, IVG e TMG. O déficit hídrico reduz a MSPA, MSR e MST com mais de 80% de redução da massa das plântulas sem deficiência para as plântulas com deficiência. Para CPA, CR e CT houve redução de, no mínimo, 87%, 70% e 77%, respectivamente entre as sementes sem deficiência em comparação as sementes submetidas a deficiência. A utilização de silício em sementes de milho não atenuou o estresse causado pela deficiência hídrica simulada por PEG-6000.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.265991

10.

Taxonomic re-evaluation of New World Eptesicus and Histiotus (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae), with the description of a new genus
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Cláudio, Vinícius C.

; Novaes, Roberto L.M.

; Gardner, Alfred L.

; Nogueira, Marcelo R.

; Wilson, Don E.

; Maldonado, Jesús E.

; Oliveira, João A.

; Moratelli, Ricardo

Zoologia (Curitiba)

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2023, Volume 40 elocation e22029

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Eptesicus Rafinesque, 1820 is widely distributed in the Old and New World (26 species), and Histiotus Gervais, 1856 is a South American endemic (11 species). Molecular phylogenies have recovered Eptesicus (sensu lato) as polyphyletic, with New World Eptesicus and the sister genus Histiotus in a paraphyletic American clade sister to Old World Eptesicus. Based on these phylogenetic reconstructions, authors have treated Histiotus as either a subgenus of Eptesicus or restricted Eptesicus to the New World species, treating Histiotus as a full genus, and using the name Cnephaeus Kaup, 1829 at the generic rank to comprise Old World Eptesicus. Based on recently published molecular studies, and on novel qualitative and quantitative morphological comparisons of representatives of Histiotus and New and Old World Eptesicus, we provide evidence for restricting the name Eptesicus to the species E. fuscus (Palisot de Beauvois, 1796) and E. guadeloupensis Genoways & Baker, 1975, allocating the remaining New World species under a new genus, keeping Histiotus as a full genus, and raising Cnephaeus to generic rank to comprise all Old World taxa currently under Eptesicus. This arrangement resolves the paraphyly of New World Eptesicus, and promotes taxonomic stability for Histiotus, which is a well-established genus of easily recognizable Neotropical bats and treated separate from Eptesicus by most authorities.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1984-4689.v40.e22029

11.

Physiological and anatomical responses of Eugenia dysenterica to glyphosate
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Azevedo, Lícia Priscila Nogueira

; Rocha, Tiago Borges

; Gonçalves, Flavia Barreira

; Ribeiro, Ana Beatriz Nunes

; Aires, Victorina Bispo

; Erasmo, Eduardo Andrea Lemus

; Silva, Kellen Lagares Ferreira

Rodriguésia

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2023, Volume 74 elocation e01172022

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

Abstract Brazil is among the countries that most use pesticides in the world. These chemicals cause undesirable changes in ecosystems, particularly the contamination of non-target native forest species through drift. The nuisances caused by pesticides go beyond environmental damage and include public health problems. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of glyphosate on leaf gas exchange, photosynthetic pigments and morphoanatomy of seedlings of Eugenia dysenterica. The visual toxicity, physiological and morphoanatomical characteristics of E. dysenterica, when exposed to concentrations of 0, 550, 1110 and 2220 g a.e. ha-1 of glyphosate, were analyzed. The results indicate that the herbicide caused toxicity in the leaves in all treatments. Reductions in photosynthesis (A), stomatal conductance (gs), and transpiration (E) at 47 DAA, were also identified. Glyphosate caused damage to the anatomical structures of E. dysenterica leaves. From the data analyzed it is possible to affirm that plants of E. dysenterica are sensitive to the action of glyphosate. Visible symptoms such as chlorosis and necrosis in the leaf edge are indicators that can be used by rural communities as a warning of the risk of contamination.

Resumo O Brasil está entre os países que mais utiliza agrotóxicos no mundo. Essas substâncias químicas provocam modificações indesejáveis nos ecossistemas, destacando a contaminação de espécies florestais nativas não alvo, através da deriva. Os transtornos causados pelos agrotóxicos extrapolam os danos ambientais, sendo considerados problema de saúde pública. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos do glifosato nas trocas gasosas foliares, pigmentos fotossintéticos e morfoanatomia de plântulas de Eugenia dysenterica. Foram analisadas a toxicidade visual, as características fisiológicas e morfoanatômicas de E. dysenterica, expostas a concentrações de 0, 550, 1110 e 2220 g a.e. ha-1 do glifosato. Os resultados apontam que o herbicida causou toxicidade nas folhas em todos os tratamentos. Redução da fotossíntese (A), condutância estomática (gs) e da transpiração (E) aos 47 DAA, também foram identificados. O glifosato causou danos às estruturas anatômicas das folhas de E. dysenterica. Diante dos dados analisados é possível afirmar que plantas de E. dysenterica são sensíveis a ação do glifosato. Sintomas visíveis como clorose e necrose na borda foliar são indicadores que podem ser utilizados pelas comunidades rurais como alerta do risco de contaminação.

https://doi.org/10.1590/2175-7860202374036

12.

Germination niche of a neotropical dry forest species: seed osmotic stress and recovery
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Sena, Eliza Maiara Nogueira de

; Silva, Fabricio Francisco Santos da

; Silva, Jailton de Jesus

; Gomes, Raquel Araujo

; Pelacani, Claudineia Regina

; Dantas, Barbara França

Journal of Seed Science

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2023, Volume 45 elocation e202345028

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

Abstract: Erythrina velutina Willd is a native Fabaceae with wide occurrence, mainly in the Caatinga Domain with multiple uses. This study aimed to compare the vulnerability/tolerance of seeds of four accessions of E. velutina to osmotic stresses. Four replications were conducted with 25 seeds, germinated in osmotic solutions of NaCl or PEG up to -1.73 MPa. Seeds that did not germinate after 14 days were recovered in distilled water. Obtained data were fitted in Boltzmann curves and t50 and synchrony were evaluated. A probit analysis was performed, and hydrotime and halotime models were constructed. In distilled water, the germination curve was similar for all accessions. When the concentration of salt or PEG in the substrate increased, the accessions differentiated into two groups. Two accessions - Jutaí 2012 and Jutaí 2015 - maintained high germination up to -0.86 MPa NaCl, while Caboclo 2008 and Caiçara 2011 accessions presented a lower germination speed. The hydrotime and halotime analyses separated the germination response of accessions according to their physiological quality and tolerance to osmotic and saline conditions. Seeds viability was maintained at both stresses, since germination was reestablished at distilled water, thus constituting a crucial response for this species’ survival and conservation.

Resumo: Erythrina velutina Willd é uma Fabaceae nativa com ampla ocorrência, principalmente no Domínio Caatinga com múltiplos usos. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar a vulnerabilidade/tolerância de sementes de acessos de E. velutina a estresses osmóticos. Foram semeadas quatro repetições com 25 sementes em soluções osmóticas de NaCl ou PEG até -1,73 MPa. As sementes não germinadas após 14 dias foram recuperadas em água destilada. Os dados obtidos foram ajustados em curvas de Boltzmann e t50 e sincronia foram avaliados. Uma análise probit foi realizada e modelos de hidrotempo e halotempo foram construídos. Em água destilada, a curva de germinação foi semelhante para os acessos. Quando a concentração de sal ou PEG no substrato aumentou, os acessos se diferenciaram em dois grupos. Dois acessos - Jutaí 2012 e Jutaí 2015 - mantiveram alta germinação até -0,86 MPa NaCl, enquanto os acessos Caboclo 2008 e Caiçara 2011 apresentaram menor velocidade de germinação. As análises de hidrotempo e halotempo separaram a resposta germinativa dos acessos de acordo com sua qualidade fisiológica e tolerância às condições osmóticas e salinas. A viabilidade das sementes foi mantida em ambos os estresses, pois a germinação foi restabelecida em água destilada, sendo uma resposta crucial para a sobrevivência e conservação desta espécie.

https://doi.org/10.1590/2317-1545v45272288

13.

Impacts of an urban flood control infrastructure on the limnology and ichthyofauna of a basaltic Cuesta stream (southeast Brazil)
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Siva, L. A.

; Kimura, R. S. Y.

; Brambilla, E. M.

; Silva, S. O.

; Nogueira, M. G.

Brazilian Journal of Biology

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2023, Volume 83 elocation e276585

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

Abstract Strategies for flood control associated to extreme precipitation events in urban areas are urgent, in order to prevent not only material damages but also to avoid human losses. The construction of flood contention reservoirs (“piscinões”) has become a common engineering intervention in urban and peri-urban areas. However, there is a lack of studies focused on the evaluation of environmental impacts of this type of construction. This study intended to verify the ecological effects of a retention reservoir built directly on the course of the Cascata stream, Botucatu (SP). Three sampling sites were selected, located upstream the reservoir, in the reservoir and downstream. Samplings were carried out in July (winter - dry) and November (late spring - rainy) 2020. In situ measurements were obtained through a multiparameter probe (temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen, total dissolved solids, and oxidation-reduction potential) and water samples were collected for laboratory determinations (nitrogen, total phosphorus, thermotolerant coliforms, and chlorophyll-a). For fish sampling, manual trawls, sieves and hand nets were used, with a sampling effort of 10 throws per artefact and site. Despite the small distance between the sampling points (~1,300 m) considerable changes in the limnological conditions and fish community structure were observed. The studied environment is originally a small river surrounded by riparian forest, but this characteristic was abruptly changed in the reservoir stretch, with the direct exposition of a much larger water surface to intense solar radiation and atmosphere exchanges. Consequently, as evidenced by the PCA analysis, there was a considerable (stream-reservoir increase) of temperature, dissolved oxygen and chlorophyll. However, this spatial trend was partially disturbed by an accidental sewage-pipe rupture (posteriorly fixed) adjacent to the first sampling point, due to a previous event of extreme precipitation, which resulted in increased values of nutrients, chlorophyll, conductivity and thermotolerant coliforms. Eleven fish species were collected (two non-native), belonging to seven families and five orders. The upstream reference point (despite not be pristine), was characterized by the predominance of native species, while the reservoir condition favored the development of large populations of the non-native species. Despite the urgency of effective actions to prevent floods in urban areas, construction of contention reservoirs directly on stream courses should be avoided, due to their negative ecological impacts.

Resumo Estratégias de controle de cheias associadas a eventos extremos de precipitação em áreas urbanas são urgentes, a fim de prevenir não apenas danos materiais, mas também perdas humanas. A construção de reservatórios de contenção de cheias (“piscinões”) tornou-se uma intervenção comum da engenharia em áreas urbanas e periurbanas. No entanto, existe uma carência de estudos voltados para a avaliação dos impactos ambientais desse tipo de infraestrutura. Este estudo teve como objetivo verificar os efeitos ecológicos de um reservatório de contenção construído diretamente no leito do córrego Cascata, Botucatu (SP). Foram selecionados três pontos amostrais, localizados a montante do reservatório, no reservatório e a jusante. As amostragens foram realizadas em julho (inverno - seco) e novembro (final da primavera - chuvoso) de 2020. Foram feitas medidas in situ com sonda multiparamêtros (temperatura, pH, condutividade elétrica, oxigênio dissolvido, sólidos totais dissolvidos e potencial oxido-redução) e amostras de água foram coletadas para determinações laboratoriais (nitrogênio, fósforo total, coliformes termotolerantes e clorofila-a). Para a amostragem de peixes, foram utilizadas rede de arrasto manual, peneira e puçá, com um esforço amostral de 10 lances por artefato e local. Apesar da pequena distância entre os pontos de amostragem (~1.300 m), foram observadas mudanças consideráveis nas condições limnológicas e na estrutura da comunidade de peixes. O ambiente de estudo é originalmente um pequeno rio acompanhado por vegetação ripária, mas esta condição foi abruptamente alterada no trecho do reservatório, com a exposição direta de uma superfície de água muito maior à intensa radiação solar e trocas com a atmosfera. Consequentemente, conforme evidenciado pela ACP, houve um considerável aumento (riacho-reservatório) da temperatura, oxigênio dissolvido e clorofila. Contudo, houve um distúrbio desta tendência de variação espacial devido à ruptura de uma tubulação de esgoto (posteriormente reparada), adjacente ao ponto 1, decorrente de um evento extremo de precipitação, que elevou as concentrações de nutrientes, clorofila, condutividade e coliformes termotolerantes. Onze espécies de peixes foram coletadas (duas não nativas), pertencentes a sete famílias e cinco ordens. O ponto de referência a montante (apesar de não ser pristino), caracterizou-se pela predominância de espécies nativas, enquanto que a condição de reservatório favoreceu o desenvolvimento de grandes populações das espécies não-nativas. Apesar da urgência de ações efetivas para prevenir enchentes em áreas urbanas, as construções feitas diretamente no curso dos córregos devem ser evitadas, devido aos seus impactos ecológicos negativos.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.276585

14.

Scientific diving in Brazil: history, present and perspectives
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Leite, Tatiana S.

; Pinheiro, Igor E.

; Berchez, Flávio

; Bertoncini, Áthila A.

; Cima, Oswaldo M. Del

; Demetrescu, Irene E.

; Francini-Filho, Ronaldo B.

; Kikuchi, Ruy K.P

; Machado, Arthur A.

; Maia-Nogueira, Rodrigo

; Martins, Flavio L.

; Mendes, Liana F.

; Rambelli, Gilson

; Sampaio, Claudio L.S.

; Segal, Barbara

; Aguiar, Aline A.

; Auler, Augusto S.

; Barroco-Neto, José

; Bonaldo, Roberta M.

; Buchmann, Francisco S.

; Calippo, Flavio

; Cesar, Augusto

; Gama, Matheus A.C.

; Ghilardi-Lopes, Natalia

; Leão, Zelinda M.A.N.

; Lessa, Guilherme C.

; Menegola, Carla

; Pinheiro, Hudson T.

; Rocha, Luiz A.

; Sabino, José

; Seoane, José C.S.

; Sestokas, Julia

; Tiago, Cláudio C.

; Wegner, Ewerton

; Lotufo, Tito

Ocean and Coastal Research

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2023, Volume 71 elocation e23045

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Scientific diving (SD) is defined as any diving activity that applies scientific procedures to produce subsidies for studies and technical works in underwater environments. The first report of an underwater scientific study in Brazil dates to the 19th century, in the Abrolhos reefs. Currently, in Brazil, scientific diving has been performed in various areas, from shallow coastal regions to remote and sometimes hard-to-reach places, such as oceanic islands, flooded caves, and icy areas like Antarctica. However, the regulation of SD in Brazil still lacks more concrete actions towards an effective and efficient self-regulation that offers physical safety to practitioners and institutional safeguards for organizations that use it in their research projects. Thus, this article aims to contribute to a better understanding of this critical issue in Brazil and to serve as a reference and incentive for the training of professionals and the development of these activities in the country. It includes: 1) a historical review of SD; 2) a diagnosis of the training and application of SD in Brazil; 3) the evolution of marine sciences in Brazil from the perspective of SD; 4) a review of the use of environmental assessment and underwater conservation techniques in oceans and internal waters; 5) an analysis of the evolution of scientific diver training in Brazil, including a diagnosis on training; 6) the history and updates of the rules, regulations, and safety of SD. Given all the potential of diving combined with specific techniques for research, monitoring, and marine and limnic science in Brazil, we aim to understand the evolution of scientific diving teaching and to outline perspectives in the country, as it is crucial for the training of qualified scientists capable of performing these underwater tasks. Finally, we present future plans for the development of this activity in Brazil from the point of view of research and the labor market.

https://doi.org/10.1590/2675-2824071.23036tsl

15.

Dietary effects of cottonseed and vitamin E on greenhouse gas emissions from cattle feces analyzed in biodigesters
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Nogueira, Ricardo Galbiatti Sandoval

; Perna Junior, Flavio

; Tseu, Ramos Jorge

; Rodrigues, Paulo Henrique Mazza

Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira

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2023, Volume 58 elocation e03037

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of diets with cottonseed and vitamin E on the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of cattle feces analyzed in biodigesters. Animal feces were evaluated in 18 laboratory-scale anaerobic digesters through the following treatments: control, feces from cows fed with a control diet; CS, feces from cows fed with a cottonseed diet; and CSVitE, feces from cows fed with a cottonseed and vitamin E diet. The production of biogas and GHG was measured, and no differences were observed for the emissions of biogas, methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O). The partition of the gross energy of the anaerobic digestion process was similar among treatments. On average, 28% of gross energy fed was released as CH4, 47% during digestion, and 25% as other gases and heat. The addition of cottonseeds to the cattle diet increases the concentration of CH4 and reduces that of CO2, but it does not affect the total production of CH4, CO2, and N2O in the biodigesters. The inclusion of vitamin E in the diet has no effect on GHG production in the biodigesters.

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de dietas com caroço de algodão e vitamina E nas emissões de gases de efeito estufa (GEE) de fezes de bovinos analisadas em biodigestores. As fezes dos animais foram avaliadas em 18 digestores anaeróbios de laboratório, por meio dos seguintes tratamentos: controle, fezes de vacas alimentadas com dieta controle; CS, fezes de vacas alimentadas com caroço de algodão; e CSVitE, fezes de vacas alimentadas com caroço de algodão e vitamina E. As produções de biogás e GEE foram medidas, e não foram observadas diferenças para as emissões de biogás, metano (CH4) e óxido nitroso (N2O). A partição da energia bruta do processo de digestão anaeróbica foi semelhante entre os tratamentos. Em média, 28% da energia bruta alimentada foi liberada como CH4, 47% na digestão e 25% como outros gases e calor. A adição de caroços de algodão na dieta de bovinos aumenta a concentração de CH4 e reduz a de CO2, mas não afeta a produção total de CH4, CO2 e N2O nos biodigestores. A inclusão de vitamina E na dieta não tem efeito na produção de GEE nos biodigestores.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1678-3921.pab2023.v58.03037

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