ABSTRACT Cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.) is a fruit of great interest, due to its high nutritional and potential medicinal value. Vascular wilt disease caused by the fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Physali (Foph) is responsible for crop losses of up to 100% which makes necessary to identify resistant cultivars. To contribute to crop improvement processes, a physicochemical characterization was performed on fruits of 33 cape gooseberry genotypes using 18 quantitative descriptors. The genotypes were planted in the field under high and no pressure of Foph. The Student's t test detected statistically significant differences (P<0.05) between the two conditions for yield, fruit cracking (%) and fruit juice pH. The principal component analysis explained in five factors 84.96% of the total variance, in which the fruit physical variables were the major contributor to the first component (41.65%). Cluster analysis grouped the genotypes under high and no pressure in seven and eight clusters, respectively. Two contrasting genotypes showing differential resistance response to the pathogen were analyzed for fruit antioxidant capacity, in which DPPH and ORAC methods presented significant differences (P<0.05) between the two genotypes with greater antioxidant activity in the susceptible material.

RESUMEN La uchuva (Physalisperuviana L.) es una fruta de gran interés por su alto contenido nutricional y potencial medicinal. En el cultivo, la marchitez vascular, enfermedad ocasionada por el hongo Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. physali (Foph), genera pérdidas hasta del 100%, siendo necesario identificar cultivares resistentes. Para contribuir con procesos de fitomejoramiento, se caracterizaron fisicoquímicamente frutos de 33 genotipos de uchuva con 18 descriptores cuantitativos. Los genotipos fueron sembrados en campo, bajo condiciones de alta presión del patógeno Foph y sin presencia de este. El test de Student detectó diferencias estadísticas (P<0.05) entre las dos condiciones para rendimiento, rajado del fruto y pH. El análisis de componentes principales explicó con cinco factores el 84.96% de la varianza total, donde las variables físicas del fruto fueron las de mayor contribución para el primer componente (41.65%). Mediante un análisis de conglomerados, se clasificaron genotipos con y sin presencia del patógeno, en siete y ocho grupos, respectivamente. Sobre dos genotipos constrastantes por su respuesta diferencial al patógeno, se realizó un análisis de capacidad antioxidante de frutos, en donde los métodos DPPH y ORAC presentaron diferencias (P<0.05) entre los dos genotipos siendo mayor la actividad antioxidante en el material suceptible.

Abstract This study presents the expansion of nominal groups in a systemic functional grammar class of an English language teacher program in 2016 at a Colombian public university. The participants were six student teachers. Nominal groups were first considered in a document written by the students before being exposed to the principles of systemic functional grammar and then in a revised version after the exposure to it. The study shows initial improvements in the enlargement of nominal groups between the two written productions and provides insights into the enormous potential for structural and meaningful expansion and the complexity of nominal groups. The gained awareness may become a cognitive framework for students to produce complex nominal groups in academic productions demanded in their studies and in the exercise of their professional practice.

Resumen Este estudio presenta el desarrollo de sintagmas nominales en una clase de gramática sistémica funcional en un programa de formación de docentes de inglés en 2016 en una universidad pública colombiana. Los participantes fueron seis estudiantes. Se revisaron los sintagmas nominales insertos en un documento escrito por los estudiantes antes de ser expuestos a los principios de la gramática sistémica funcional y en una versión revisada después de ser expuestos. El estudio muestra cambios iniciales en la expansión de los grupos nominales de los participantes y augura el potencial que la gramática sistémica funcional puede brindar en la expansión y complejización de la estructura y significado de los sintagmas nominales en los productos académicos solicitados en sus estudios y en el ejercicio de su práctica profesional.

Background: INR is used to monitor the treatment with vitamin K antagonists. A strategy to reduce waiting times for sampling is to measure INR in a capillary sample using a portable point of care (POC) type coagulometer. Aim: To evaluate the correlation of CoaguChek Pro II™, Xprecia™ and microINR™ with venous INR measured at the clinical laboratory and their ease of use. Materials and Methods: Patients provided capillary and venous blood samples for parallel tests comparing Xprecia™ Stride with CoaguChek Pro II™ and with venous INR, microINR™ with CoaguChek Pro IITM and with venous INR. The devices’ ease of use was assessed surveying the sampling staff. Results: The three tested devices had good correlation coefficients with venous INR: CoaguChek Pro IITM 0.953 and 0.962; Xprecia™ of 0.912 and microINR™ of 0.932. The correlation coefficient of Xprecia™ with CoaguChek Pro IITM was 0.937 and microINR™ with CoaguChek Pro IITM was 0.976. Conclusions: CoaguChek Pro IITM, Xprecia™ and microINR™ results had a good correlation coefficient with INR measured at the laboratory. Our results indicate that, in the hands of trained users, POC-type coagulometers are reliable and acceptable for routine use in anticoagulant treatment control.

ABSTRACT Larvivorous fish have been studied as potential biocontrol agents of mosquito larvae and pupae through their trophic interactions. The use of native fish for mosquito control may have benefits for both aquatic biodiversity and human health. Evaluating the effect of vegetation on the predatory efficacy is fundamental to determine if this species can be used as a biocontrol agent. With the aim of evaluating Jenynsia multidentata (Jenyns, 1842) as a biocontrol agent of Culex pipiens Linnaeus, 1758, we tested its predatory capacity in the presence or absence of aquatic vegetation under laboratory conditions. Two independent experiments were conducted. Larval consumption at a density of 60 larvae (6 larvae/l) was significantly reduced with the vegetation increased. On the other hand, when the larval density was 120 (12 larvae/l), the predatory capacity of J. multidentata did not vary in the presence or absence of vegetation. This result indicated that vegetation effect on consumption could be related to prey density, since at the higher density of prey the probability of predator-prey encounter might be increased. Jenynsia multidentata is a good consumer in presence of vegetation and could be used as a potential biocontrol agent of mosquito larvae in natural environments with similar characteristics to the ones tested in these experiments.

RESUMEN Los peces larvívoros han sido estudiados como posibles agentes de control biológico de larvas y pupas de mosquitos a través de sus interacciones tróficas. El uso de peces nativos para el control de mosquitos puede tener beneficios tanto para la biodiversidad acuática como para la salud humana. La evaluación del efecto de la vegetación sobre la eficacia depredadora es fundamental para determinar si esta especie puede usarse como un agente de control biológico. Con el objetivo de evaluar a Jenynsia multidentata (Jenyns, 1842) como agente de biocontrol de Culex pipiens Linnaeus, 1758, probamos su capacidad depredadora en presencia o ausencia de vegetación acuática en condiciones de laboratorio. Se llevaron a cabo dos experimentos independientes. El consumo de larvas a una densidad de 60 larvas (6 larvas / l) se redujo significativamente con el aumento de la vegetación. Por otro lado, cuando la densidad larval fue de 120 (12 larvas / l), la capacidad depredadora de J. multidentata no varía en la presencia o ausencia de vegetación. Este resultado indicó que el efecto de la vegetación en el consumo podría estar relacionado con la densidad de presas, ya que a mayor densidad de presas se podría incrementar la probabilidad de encuentro entre depredador y presa. Jenynsia multidentata es un buen consumidor en presencia de vegetación y podría ser usado como un potencial agente de control biológico de larvas de mosquitos en ambientes naturales con características similares a las probadas en estos experimentos.

Resumen Reportamos un estudio descriptivo sobre la inclusión educativa en la enseñanza del inglés, en artículos de la revista Profile: Issues in Teachers’ Profesional Development. A través del análisis documental y del análisis crítico del discurso identificamos tendencias en enfoques pedagógicos en la enseñanza del inglés y en enfoques investigativos usados por los autores. También examinamos cómo dichos enfoques evidencian la presencia o ausencia de la inclusión educativa tanto en políticas públicas como en intervenciones pedagógicas realizadas por instituciones e individuos. Esperamos que los resultados promuevan la discusión, la investigación y prácticas pedagógicas que fomenten la inclusión educativa en la enseñanza de lenguas extranjeras y en la formación de docentes.

Abstract This article reports on a descriptive study carried out in articles published in the Profile: Issues in Teachers’ Professional Development journal that deal with inclusive education in English language teaching in Colombia. The study embraced documentary research and critical discourse analysis which helped us identify trends in pedagogical approaches in foreign language instruction and research approaches employed by the journal’s authors. It also allowed us to examine how such approaches show the presence or absence of inclusive education both in public policies and pedagogical interventions by institutions and individuals. We hope that the outcomes derived from this study nurture further discussion, encourage research, and motivate pedagogical practices that foster inclusive education in foreign language teaching and teacher education.

Resumo Este estudo avaliou os efeitos funcionais de dois quimiótipos de óleo esencial de orégano (OEO): Lippia Origanoides (LO) e um produto comercial Synergy Essence (SE). Os frangos de corte foram distribuídos aleatoriamente para um dos oito tratamentos dietéticos: 1) Dieta basal (BD); 2) BD + antibiótico promotor de crescimento (AGP) (bacitracina 50 g/tonelada); 3) BD + LO125 (125 g/tonelada); 4) BD + LO250 (250 g/tonelada); 5) BD + LO500 (500 g/tonelada); 6) BD + SE125 (125 g/tonelada); 7) BD + SE250 (250 g/tonelada); 8) BD + SE500 (500g/tonelada). No momento do abate (42 d), cinco aves por tratamento foram abatidas. Uma porção do peito foi picada e armazenada a -4 ºC durante 3, 6 e 9 dias. A peroxidação lipídica foi determinada pela medição de malondialdeído (MDA), os dados foram analisados como um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com um arranjo fatorial de tratamentos (8x4). Os frangos alimentados com SE250 apresentaram maior ganho diário médio (ADG) em comparação com o BD (P <0,05). Os frangos alimentados com LO500 apresentaram maior digestibilidade da matéria orgânica (P <0,05) do que BD. À medida que o dia do armazenamento aumentou, a concentração de MDA aumentou (P <0,05) Os frangos de corte alimentados com SE500 apresentaram menor concentração de MDA (BD <0,05) do que BD e AGP. Esses dados indicam que as aves alimentadas com OEO crescem mais rápido do que aquelas alimentadas com BD e semelhantes às aves alimentadas com AGP, com algumas dessas respostas sendo possivelmente explicadas pelo aumento da digestibilidade e da utilização de energia, além de fornecer OEO do SE a 500g/ton, frangos de corte resulta em menor Peroxidação lipídica na carne de peito moída ao longo do tempo de armazenamento testado.

Abstract This study evaluated the functional effects of two chemotypes of oregano essential oil (OEO): Lippia Origanoides (LO) and a comercial product Synergy Essence (SE). Broilers were randomly assigned to one of eight dietary treatments: 1) Basal diet (BD); 2) BD+ antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) (bacitracin 50g/ton); 3) BD+LO125 (125g/ton); 4) BD+LO250 (250g/ton); 5) BD+LO500 (500g/ton); 6) BD+SE125 (125g/ton); 7) BD+SE250 (250g/ton); 8) BD+SE500 (500g/ton). At the time of slaughter (42 d), five birds per treatment were slaughtered. A portion of the breast was minced and stored at -4 ºC for 3, 6, and 9 days. Lipid peroxidation was determined by measuring of malondialdehyde (MDA), data were analyzed as a completely randomized design with a factorial arrangement of treatments (8x4). Broilers fed SE250 had greater average daily gain (ADG) compared to broilers fed BD (P<0.05). Broilers fed LO500 had greater (P<0.05) organic matter digestibility than the ones fed BD. As days of storage increased, MDA concentration increased (P<0.05). Broilers fed SE500 had lower (P<0.05) MDA concentration than those fed BD and AGP. These data indicate that birds fed OEO grow faster than those fed a BD, similar to birds fed AGP. Some of these responses are possibly explained by increased digestibility and energy utilization. In addition, providing OEO from SE at 500g/ton resulted in lower lipid peroxidation in ground breast meat throughout the tested storage time.

Abstract Colombian dairy systems are based on grasslands; therefore, it is necessary to define forages response under different environmental conditions. The objective of this study was to assess the establishment and production of five perennial ryegrass and three clovers into two regions of Colombian highlands (Tuta, Boyacá and Mosquera, Cundinamarca). Three 8 m2 plots of each species were established. Establishment variables were evaluated twice a month during the initial five months. The variables of production and nutritional quality were evaluated in rainy (April and May) and drought (June and July) season. The variables were analyzed through a randomized complete block with repeated measures, between November 2015 and July 2016. During the establishment period, ryegrass and clovers coverage and adaptation degree were greater between the days 45 and 60, and 105 and 150, in Tuta and Mosquera, respectively. Maturity increase reduced the lactation net energy (between 7% and 15%) and increased the daily dry matter production per hectare (between 20 and 78 kg). Evaluation day presented a greater influence regarding the variety and the rainy season on the evaluated establishment and regarding the production variables in ryegrass and clover forages, in the Colombian highlands.

Resumen Los sistemas de lechería en Colombia se basan en el uso de praderas, por lo cual es necesario determinar la respuesta de los forrajes bajo diferentes condiciones ambientales. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar el establecimiento y la producción de raigrás perennes y tréboles en dos regiones del trópico alto colombiano. Se evaluaron cinco raigrás perennes (tres diploides y dos tetraploides) y tres tréboles (dos rojos y uno blanco) en Tuta, Boyacá y Mosquera, Cundinamarca. Se establecieron parcelas de 8 m2 de cada especie con tres repeticiones. Las variables de establecimiento fueron evaluadas quincenalmente durante los primeros cinco meses. Las variables de producción y calidad nutricional fueron evaluadas en temporada de lluvia (abril y mayo) y de sequía (junio y julio). Se utilizó un diseño de bloques completos al azar con medidas repetidas, entre noviembre de 2015 y julio de 2016. Durante el periodo de establecimiento, se encontró una mayor cobertura y grado de adaptación en los raigrás y tréboles entre los días 45 y 60 y 105 y 150 en Tuta y Mosquera, respectivamente. La mayor edad provocó una disminución en la energía neta de lactancia (entre 7 y 15%) y un aumento en la producción diaria de materia seca por hectárea (entre 20 y 78 kg). El día de evaluación presentó una mayor influencia respecto a la variedad y la época de lluvias sobre las variables de establecimiento y producción evaluadas en raigrás y tréboles en trópico alto colombiano.

Resumen Introducción: la deficiencia de lipasa ácida lisosomal (LAL-D) es una entidad de herencia autosómica recesiva que lleva a la acumulación de esteres de colesterol y triglicéridos en el hígado, bazo y otros órganos. La edad de inicio y la tasa de progresión son muy variables, lo que posiblemente sea explicado por las mutaciones presentes en el gen LIPA. Las manifestaciones clínicas son las mismas que para otras patologías hepáticas, cardiovasculares y metabólicas, lo que hace difícil reconocerla en la práctica clínica. Objetivo: proveer una guía que permita a los clínicos reconocer los principales grupos de riesgo en los cuales se debe sospechar de LAL-D y mejorar su diagnóstico. Metodología: este documento se diseñó como un consenso de expertos en el cual participaron médicos especialistas en gastroenterología, hepatología, endocrinología, genética, patología y pediatría. Se realizó una revisión de la literatura acerca de las manifestaciones clínicas y de las herramientas para el diagnóstico de LAL-D y se siguió la metodología de técnica de grupo nominal. Resultados: se generaron algoritmos diagnósticos por consenso para cada uno de los grupos de riesgo, que facilitaran la sospecha y el diagnóstico de LAL-D. Conclusiones: esta guía propone algoritmos para el diagnóstico de LAL-D con base en el consenso clínico, que buscan optimizar la ruta diagnóstica en los pacientes con dicha patología.

Abstract Introduction: Lysosomal acid lipase deficiency (LAL-D) is an inherited autosomal recessive entity that leads to the accumulation of cholesterol and triglyceride esters in the liver, spleen and other organs. The age of onset and rate of progression vary greatly, possibly explained by mutations of the LIPA gene. Clinical manifestations are the same as those of other hepatic, cardiovascular and metabolic pathologies which makes it difficult to recognize in clinical practice. Objective: The objectives of these guidelines is to help clinicians recognize the major groups at risk for LAL-D and to improve its diagnosis. Methodology: This document was designed as a consensus of experts in gastroenterology, hepatology, endocrinology, genetics, pathology and pediatrics. A review of the literature regarding clinical manifestations and tools for diagnosis of LAL-D was conducted and the nominal group technique was followed. Results: Diagnostic algorithms which facilitate suspicion and diagnosis of LAL-D were generated by consensus for each of the risk groups. Conclusions: This guide proposes algorithms for the diagnosis of LAL-D based on clinical consensus. The algorithms seek to optimize diagnosis for patients with this pathology.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da inclusão de níveis de glicerina bruta do óleo de palma na dieta de suínos em crescimento. As dietas foram formuladas para serem isoenergéticas e isoproteicas, o teor de ácido linoléico permaneceu constante na dieta. No total, 36 suinos (com média BW de 23,05 ± 2,86 kg) foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em três tratamentos: 1) 0% de glicerina bruta; 2) 5% de glicerina bruta; 3) 10% de glicerina bruta. Os leitões foram alojados em 12 baias com quatro repetições (baias) por tratamento, três suínos/repetição. Os dados foram analisados como um delineamento em blocos casualizados utilizando-se o procedimento GLIMMIX do SAS, com um efeito aleatório de bloco por período. Notou-se que a inclusão de glicerina bruta do óleo de palma não afetou (P> 0,05) o desempenho produtivo, as características da carcaça e qualidade da carne. Concluiu-se que a inclusão de glicerina bruta do óleo de palma até 10% não afetou o desempenho dos suínos e a qualidade da carne.

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the inclusion level of crude glycerin from palm oil in the diet of growing pigs. Diets were formulated to be isocaloric and isoproteic, with a constant content of linoleic acid within the experimental diets. A total of 36 pigs (average BW 23.05± 2.86 kg) were randomly assigned to one of the three treatments: 1) 0% of crude glycerin; 2) 5% of crude glycerin; 3) 10% of crude glycerin. Pigs were housed in 12 pens; 4 replicates (pens) per treatment and three pigs/replicate. Data were analyzed as a complete block design using the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS, with a random block effect for period. This study established that inclusion of crude glycerin from palm oil in the diet of growing pigs did not affect (P > 0.05) growth performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality. We concluded that inclusion of crude glycerin from palm oil up to 10% of the diet did not adversely affect pig performance and the quality of the meat.