Abstract Accumulated evidence has shown that the oral cavity may be an important reservoir for SARS-CoV-2. Some authors have suggested that the use of mouthrinses could reduce SARS-CoV-2 viral load in the saliva. Thus, the aim of this review was to synthesize evidence about the efficacy of mouthrinses in reducing the salivary viral load of SARS-CoV-2. 2. Nine randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have investigated the efficacy of different mouthrinses in reducing salivary SARS-CoV-2 loads. Various active ingredients have been tested in these trials: 0.5%,1% and 2% povidone-iodine, 0.2% and 0.12% chlorhexidine (CHX), 0.075% cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), 0.075% CPC with Zinc lactate, 1% and 1.5% hydrogen peroxide (HP), 1.5% HP + 0.12% CHX and ß-cyclodextrin and citrox. The studies reported an intra-group reduction in the salivary levels of the virus, when compared with the baseline. However, the majority of these trials failed to demonstrate a significant inter-group difference between active groups and the control group relative to the decrease in salivary SARS-CoV-2 loads. Although promising, these results should be confirmed by larger trials.

RESUMO O gênero Paspalum compõe as pastagens naturais das regiões tropicais e subtropicais da América com várias espécies de reconhecido potencial forrageiro. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a influência de diferentes níveis de fertilização nitrogenada sobre os caracteres agronômicos e na eficiência de utilização de nitrogênio por genótipos superiores de P. notatum Flügge. Foram avaliados quatro níveis de fertilização nitrogenada (0, 60, 180 e 360 kg N ha-1) e nove genótipos, seis provenientes do United States Departament of Agriculture (USDA) (30N, 36N, 48N, 70N, 83N e 95N), coletados na América do Sul, dois genótipos nativos do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil (André da Rocha e Bagual) e a cv. Pensacola. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial 4 x 9, com quatro repetições de campo. A partir da variabilidade de respostas encontradas para os caracteres agronômicos são indicados a prosseguir no programa de melhoramento genético os genótipos 48N, André da Rocha e Bagual por atingirem as máximas eficiências produtivas de acordo com as doses de N testadas.O genótipo 36N que obteve a maior eficiência de utilização de nitrogênio, demonstrando-se biologicamente viável com a menor dose de N, equivalente a 60 kg de N ha-1.

SUMMARY The Paspalum genus forms the natural pastures of the tropical and subtropical regions of America and includes several species of recognized forage potential. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of different levels of nitrogen fertilization on the agronomic traits and nitrogen use efficiency in superior genotypes of Paspalum notatum Flügge. Four nitrogen fertilization levels (0, 60, 180 and 360 kg N ha-1) and nine genotypes were evaluated, six from the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) (30N, 36N, 48N, 70N, 83N and 95N), collected in South America, two native genotypes of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (André da Rocha and Bagual) and cv. Pensacola. The experimental design was a randomized complete block in a 4 x 9 factorial, with four field replications. From the variability of the responses found for the agronomic traits, the genotypes 48N, André da Rocha and Bagual are indicated to continue in the breeding program because they reach the maximum productive efficiencies according to the doses of N tested. The genotype 36N obtained the highest efficiency of nitrogen utilization, being biologically viable with the lowest N dose, equivalent of 60 kg of N ha-1.

Antiphospholipid Syndrome (APS) describes an autoimmune thrombophilic disorder characterized by obstetric complications. Annexin A5 (Anx A5) is a protein that is studied as a new autoantigen present in APS, the presence of autoantibodies against Anx A5 could cause placental thrombosis and possibly pregnancy loss. The aim of this study was to analyze levels of IgG and IgM anti-Anx A5 in women with primary obstetric APS and its association with different complications in a population of the city of Córdoba. We worked with samples of puerperal patients who attended the Córdoba Hospital and the Maternal Neonatal Hospital during the years 2013-2017 with a diagnosis of obstetric APS and a control group formed by patients with normal pregnancies. In most of the patients studied, levels of IgG and IgM anti-Anx A5 were below the reference range, is demonstrate an increase statistically significant in the levels of the IgG in patients with APS compared with control group. But there were no specific associations between antibody levels and the three types of obstetric clinical manifestations present in the classification criteria. These findings could suggest a relationship between anti-Anx A5 antibodies and obstetric APS.

El Síndrome Antifosfolípidos (SAF) describe un trastorno trombofílico autoinmune caracterizado por complicaciones obstétricas. La Anexina A5 (Anx A5) es una proteína que se estudia como un nuevo autoantígeno presente en el SAF, la presencia de autoanticuerpos frente a Anx A5 podría causar trombosis placentaria y pérdida del embarazo. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar los niveles de IgG e IgM anti-Anx A5 en mujeres con SAF primario obstétrico y su asociación con diferentes complicaciones en una población de la ciudad de Córdoba. Se trabajó con muestras de pacientes puérperas que asistieron al Hospital Córdoba y al Hospital Materno Neonatal durante los años 2013-2017 con diagnóstico de SAF obstétrico y un grupo control formado por pacientes con embarazos normales. En la mayoría de las pacientes estudiadas, los niveles de IgG e IgM anti-Anx A5 se encontraron por debajo del rango de referencia, se mostró un aumento estadísticamente significativo de los niveles de IgG en pacientes con SAF respecto al grupo control. Pero no existieron asociaciones específicas entre los niveles de anticuerpo y los tres tipos de manifestaciones clínicas presentes en los criterios de clasificación. Estos hallazgos podrían sugerir una relación entre los anticuerpos anti-Anx A5 con el SAF obstétrico.

OBJECTIVE: This article presents the results of a violence and criminality diagnosis in the municipality of Jundiaí, São Paulo. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Official data on external mortality for the duration of the 1997-2003 period were analysed as well as criminal occurrences in the municipality during the 2001-2005 period in order to estimate their magnitude and distribution both across the population and on space. An opinion poll was carried out and qualitative data were produced through focus groups with the population and public security professionals. RESULTS: It was verified that traffic accidents are the main cause of violent mortality in the municipality followed by homicides. It was further established that the victims are mainly young males. CONCLUSIONS: Additionally, official sources present limitations to the elaboration of a deepened analysis given that popular perceptions of specific problems, particularly drugs traffic, school violence and crimes against property reveal under-notification or even inexistence of consistent data on these phenomena.

OBJETIVO: Este artículo presenta los resultados del diagnóstico de la violencia y la criminalidad en el municipio de Jundiaí, São Paulo. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se han analizado los datos oficiales relacionados con la mortalidad externa durante el periodo 1997-2003 y los crímenes para el de 2001-2005 en dicho municipio; el objetivo es examinar su magnitud y distribución en términos de población y espacio. Se aplicó una encuesta de opinión y se analizaron datos cualitativos que suministraron grupos focales de la población y profesionales de la seguridad pública. RESULTADOS: Se ha identificado que las principales causas de mortalidad violenta en el municipio son los accidentes de tránsito, seguidos por los homicidios, y que las víctimas son en una proporción mayoritaria jóvenes del sexo masculino. CONCLUSIONES: Las fuentes oficiales ofrecen limitaciones a la elaboración de un diagnóstico más preciso, ya que las percepciones de la población respecto de ciertos problemas, sobre todo el tráfico de drogas, la violencia en las escuelas y los crímenes contra el patrimonio, revelan una notificación insuficiente o incluso inexistencia de datos consistentes acerca de estos fenómenos.

OBJECTIVE: This article presents the results of a violence and criminality diagnosis in the municipality of Jundiaí, São Paulo. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Official data on external mortality for the duration of the 1997-2003 period were analysed as well as criminal occurrences in the municipality during the 2001-2005 period in order to estimate their magnitude and distribution both across the population and on space. An opinion poll was carried out and qualitative data were produced through focus groups with the population and public security professionals. RESULTS: It was verified that traffic accidents are the main cause of violent mortality in the municipality followed by homicides. It was further established that the victims are mainly young males. CONCLUSIONS: Additionally, official sources present limitations to the elaboration of a deepened analysis given that popular perceptions of specific problems, particularly drugs traffic, school violence and crimes against property reveal under-notification or even inexistence of consistent data on these phenomena.

OBJETIVO: Este artículo presenta los resultados del diagnóstico de la violencia y la criminalidad en el municipio de Jundiaí, São Paulo. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se han analizado los datos oficiales relacionados con la mortalidad externa durante el periodo 1997-2003 y los crímenes para el de 2001-2005 en dicho municipio; el objetivo es examinar su magnitud y distribución en términos de población y espacio. Se aplicó una encuesta de opinión y se analizaron datos cualitativos que suministraron grupos focales de la población y profesionales de la seguridad pública. RESULTADOS: Se ha identificado que las principales causas de mortalidad violenta en el municipio son los accidentes de tránsito, seguidos por los homicidios, y que las víctimas son en una proporción mayoritaria jóvenes del sexo masculino. CONCLUSIONES: Las fuentes oficiales ofrecen limitaciones a la elaboración de un diagnóstico más preciso, ya que las percepciones de la población respecto de ciertos problemas, sobre todo el tráfico de drogas, la violencia en las escuelas y los crímenes contra el patrimonio, revelan una notificación insuficiente o incluso inexistencia de datos consistentes acerca de estos fenómenos.

No estudo de surtos de conjuntivite ocorridos no período de setembro de 1994 a setembro de 1996, na região de Ribeirão Preto, foram semeadas no Instituto Adolfo Lutz Laboratório I, Ribeirão Preto, exsudatos conjuntivais de 92 pacientes, sendo que a maioria dos casos estava na faixa etária de 2-7 anos. Os agentes etiológicos mais freqüentemente isolados dos casos analisados foram: Streptococcus pneumoniae e Haemophilus influenzae em 40,22% e 21,74% respectivamente. 51,35% das cepas de S. pneumoniae isoladas foram não tipáveis. As cepas de S. pneumoniae oxacilina resistente foram submetidas ao teste de concentração inibitória mínima (CIM), sendo que três apresentaram resistência intermediária e apenas uma foi altamente resistente à penicilina.

In the study of conjunctivitis outbreaks occurring from September 1994 to September 1996 in the region of Ribeirão Preto, conjunctival exudates of 92 patients were cultivated in Instituto Adolfo Lutz Laboratory I, Ribeirão Preto. Most cases occurred in the age range 2-7 years. The etiological agents which were most frequently isolated from the analyzed cases were: Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae, in 40.22% and 21.74%, respectively. 51.35% of the S. pneumoniae isolated strains were not typable. The oxacillin-resistant S. pneumoniae strains were submitted to the minimum inhibitory concentration test (MIC) and three of them presented intermediate resistance, whereas only one was highly resistant to penicillin.