Abstract This paper presents an equipment for monitoring synchronous generators condition through characteristics of the time derivative of the external magnetic field. The developed monitoring methodology allows the identification of established or incipient faults, by detecting changes in the magnetic signature of the synchronous generator. In this methodology, the measurement of signals outside the machine gives this equipment a non-invasive characteristic, allowing its monitoring without interfering or disturbing its operation. The developed system includes the specification of magnetic field sensors, signal measurement and processing equipment, as well as software for analysis and monitoring. The validation of the methodology used in this system was carried out through the analysis of experimental data, presenting efficient results in the detection of electrical and mechanical faults in synchronous generators of an experimental test bench and a hydroelectric power plant. As a result, the commercial specification of this equipment was obtained and two units were implemented in a hydroelectric power plant to monitor 305 MVA synchronous generators.

RESUMO: Objetivo: Identificar fatores associados a asma, doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica (DPOC) e sintomas respiratórios em Brumadinho (MG), após rompimento de barragem. Métodos: Estudo transversal com amostra representativa de adultos. Verificaram-se associações entre variáveis dependentes (diagnóstico médico de asma e DPOC e os sintomas chiado no peito, tosse seca e irritação nasal) e variáveis exploratórias (sexo, faixa etária, tabagismo, ter trabalhado na Vale S.A. antes do rompimento da barragem, tempo e área de residência em relação ao rompimento da barragem). Modelos de regressão logística com cálculo da odds ratio e intervalo de confiança de 95% foram empregados. Resultados: Identificou-se prevalência de asma de 7,2%, de DPOC de 3,5%, de chiado no peito de 8,8%, de tosse seca de 23,6% e de irritação nasal de 31,8%. Maior chance de asma foi observada no sexo feminino e nos residentes em área diretamente atingida pela lama e área de mineração, enquanto maior chance de DPOC foi vista nos fumantes e naqueles com maior tempo de residência no município. Entre os sintomas, maior chance de irritação nasal foi observada no sexo feminino, e de chiado no peito e tosse seca em fumantes (atuais e no passado). Residentes em área atingida pela lama relataram maior chance de apresentarem todos os sintomas analisados. Já a escolaridade apresentou associação negativa com chiado no peito e tosse seca. Conclusão: O estudo mostrou alterações respiratórias e identificou os grupos com maior vulnerabilidade para desenvolvê-las, podendo contribuir com o direcionamento de ações para a redução de problemas respiratórios da população.

ABSTRACT: Objective: To identify factors associated with asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and respiratory symptoms, in Brumadinho, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, after a dam rupture. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study, including a representative sample of adults (aged 18 years and over) in the municipality. Associations were assessed between dependent variables (medical diagnosis of asthma and COPD; symptoms of wheezing, dry cough, and nose irritation) and exploratory variables (sex, age group, smoking habit, having worked at Vale S.A. company before the dam rupture, time and area of residence in relation to the dam rupture). Logistic regression models with odds ratio (OR) calculation and 95% confidence interval were used. Results: We identified a prevalence of 7.2% of asthma; 3.5% of COPD; 8.8% of wheezing; 23.6% of dry cough; and 31.8% of nose irritation. We observed a greater chance of asthma among women and residents in the affected and mining regions, while a greater chance of COPD was observed in smokers and in those with longer time of residence in the municipality. Among the symptoms, we verified a higher chance of nose irritation among women, while a higher chance of wheezing and dry cough were found among smokers (current and former). Residents of regions affected by the mud reported a greater chance of presenting all the analyzed symptoms. Conversely, level of education was negatively associated with wheezing and dry cough. Conclusion: We found respiratory changes and identified the groups most vulnerable to developing them, which could contribute to directing actions to reduce the population’s respiratory problems.

ABSTRACT: Objective: To identify factors associated with asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and respiratory symptoms, in Brumadinho, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, after a dam rupture. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study, including a representative sample of adults (aged 18 years and over) in the municipality. Associations were assessed between dependent variables (medical diagnosis of asthma and COPD; symptoms of wheezing, dry cough, and nose irritation) and exploratory variables (sex, age group, smoking habit, having worked at Vale S.A. company before the dam rupture, time and area of residence in relation to the dam rupture). Logistic regression models with odds ratio (OR) calculation and 95% confidence interval were used. Results: We identified a prevalence of 7.2% of asthma; 3.5% of COPD; 8.8% of wheezing; 23.6% of dry cough; and 31.8% of nose irritation. We observed a greater chance of asthma among women and residents in the affected and mining regions, while a greater chance of COPD was observed in smokers and in those with longer time of residence in the municipality. Among the symptoms, we verified a higher chance of nose irritation among women, while a higher chance of wheezing and dry cough were found among smokers (current and former). Residents of regions affected by the mud reported a greater chance of presenting all the analyzed symptoms. Conversely, level of education was negatively associated with wheezing and dry cough. Conclusion: We found respiratory changes and identified the groups most vulnerable to developing them, which could contribute to directing actions to reduce the population’s respiratory problems.

RESUMO: Objetivo: Identificar fatores associados a asma, doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica (DPOC) e sintomas respiratórios em Brumadinho (MG), após rompimento de barragem. Métodos: Estudo transversal com amostra representativa de adultos. Verificaram-se associações entre variáveis dependentes (diagnóstico médico de asma e DPOC e os sintomas chiado no peito, tosse seca e irritação nasal) e variáveis exploratórias (sexo, faixa etária, tabagismo, ter trabalhado na Vale S.A. antes do rompimento da barragem, tempo e área de residência em relação ao rompimento da barragem). Modelos de regressão logística com cálculo da odds ratio e intervalo de confiança de 95% foram empregados. Resultados: Identificou-se prevalência de asma de 7,2%, de DPOC de 3,5%, de chiado no peito de 8,8%, de tosse seca de 23,6% e de irritação nasal de 31,8%. Maior chance de asma foi observada no sexo feminino e nos residentes em área diretamente atingida pela lama e área de mineração, enquanto maior chance de DPOC foi vista nos fumantes e naqueles com maior tempo de residência no município. Entre os sintomas, maior chance de irritação nasal foi observada no sexo feminino, e de chiado no peito e tosse seca em fumantes (atuais e no passado). Residentes em área atingida pela lama relataram maior chance de apresentarem todos os sintomas analisados. Já a escolaridade apresentou associação negativa com chiado no peito e tosse seca. Conclusão: O estudo mostrou alterações respiratórias e identificou os grupos com maior vulnerabilidade para desenvolvê-las, podendo contribuir com o direcionamento de ações para a redução de problemas respiratórios da população.

Tacrolimus (TAC), a calcineurin inhibitor, and everolimus (EVL), an mTOR inhibitor, have been used as immunosuppressive (ISS) drugs in post-kidney transplantation therapy. The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of EVL vs TAC in the ISS maintenance triple therapy. Ninety-seven kidney transplant patients, who received triple maintenance therapy with TAC, mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), and methyl prednisone (PRED), were evaluated. After four months of post-kidney transplant therapy, 30 patients enrolled in a randomized controlled clinical trial, in which 16 patients received TAC+MMF+PRED (cohort 1), and 14 patients switched to EVL+MMF+PRED (cohort 2). The patients were followed-up for 36 months. Two patients from cohort 1 lost their grafts after one year due to non-adherence. Two patients from cohort 2 had intolerance to mTOR inhibitors and were switched back to TAC from EVL. One case (6.25%) in cohort 1 and three cases (21.43%) in cohort 2 of acute T-cell-mediated rejection was observed. Antibody-mediated acute rejection (ABMAR) was observed in four patients (25.0%) in cohort 1, and antibody-mediated chronic rejection (ABMCR) was observed in two patients (12.50%). One patient from cohort 2 lost the graft after 15 months due to polyomavirus infection. The graft survival rate was 87.50% in cohort 1 and 92.86% in cohort 2. This clinical trial showed that the EVL+MMF+PRED triple maintenance therapy was efficacious compared with TAC during 32 months of follow-up. However, further studies are needed to confirm the efficacy of this regimen for long-term graft survival.

Abstract In this work, starch obtained from mango kernel seeds was applied in the preparation of films in combination with its hydrophobic derivatives. Chemical modification of starch was carried out at two different concentrations of vinyl laurate, in dimethyl sulfoxide, under basic catalysis. The degrees of substitution of the starch laurates were 2.4 and 0.3, respectively. None of the products formed films when dispersed in water. However, blends of starch/starch laurate (degree of substitution = 0.3) formed films after microfluidization of their aqueous suspensions. The blends with up to 15% wt of starch laurate (degree of substitution = 0.3) resulted in films of higher elongation at break, higher opacity and lower tensile strength and elastic modulus. The microfluidization of biopolymer suspensions was crucial to obtain films with lower water vapor permeability. X-ray diffraction results corroborated to the mechanical properties of the films, showing that the incorporation of starch laurate reduced the starch films crystallinity.

RESUMO Spondias tuberosa Arruda, popularmente conhecida como umbu, é uma espécie nativa da Caatinga amplamente utilizada na medicina popular, cujo perfil toxicológico ainda não é conhecido. Deste modo, este estudo avaliou o perfil fitoquímico, a toxicidade aguda e a citotoxicidade do extrato etanólico da casca da Spondias tuberosa Arruda (EEStb) nos parâmetros hematológicos, bioquímicos e histopatológicos. Foram utilizados ratos fêmeas Wistar (±210g) e divididos em: grupo controle (C) e tratados com uma dose única de 300mg/Kg (EEStb300) ou 2.000mg/kg do peso corporal (ESStb2.000) do EEStb. Após 24 horas e 14 dias da gavagem, os parâmetros comportamentais, hematológicos, bioquímicos e histopatológicos foram determinados. O efeito citotóxico foi avaliado em células HEp-2. Não foi observada mortalidade ou alterações de massa corporal durante os 14 dias de experimento nos grupos EEStb300 e EEStb2.000, mas EEStb2.000 provocou uma redução discreta no consumo hídrico e alimentar, assim como na atividade locomotora no 1º dia de tratamento. Não houve alterações nos parâmetros histopatológicos, macroscópicos, bioquímicos e hematológicos. EEStb2000 nas concentrações de 6.25-50μg.ml-1) não produziu efeito citotóxico. na célula HEp-2. Estes resultados sugerem que EEStb não promoveu toxicidade aguda ou citotóxica, sugerindo boa margem de segurança para uso da Spondias tuberosa Arruda.

ABSTRACT Spondias tuberosa Arruda, popularly named as umbu, is native from savanna-like vegetation and widely used for medicinal purposes, however, the toxicological profile is not available yet. This study evaluated the phytochemical profile and acute toxicity and citoxicity of Ethanolic Extract of Spondias tuberosa Arruda Bark (EEStb) in hematological, biochemical and histopathological parameters. Female Wistar rats were divided into: control (C) and animal treated single doses of 300mg/Kg (EEStb300) or 2.000mg/kg body weight (ESStb2.000) of the EEStb. After 24 hours and 14 days from gavage, the behavior, hematological, biochemical and histopathological parameters were assayed. Cytotoxicity effect was evaluated on HEp-2 cell lines. Neither EEStb300 nor EEStb2.000 produced mortality nor changes in body weight during the 14-days of observation, but EEStb2.000 reduced quietly the food and water intake as well as locomotor activity at first day. There were no changes in macroscopic, histopathological, biochemical and hematological parameters. EEStb in concentrations of 6.25- 50μg ml−1 on HEp-2 cell did not produce cytotoxic effect. These results suggest that EEStb did not cause acute toxicity and cytotoxic, suggesting a good safety rate for Spondias tuberosa Arruda.

<p>A flauta é um instrumento musical classificado como instrumento de sopro. Dentre os diversos tipos, a flauta transversal tem esse nome devido ao sopro ser transversal ao comprimento da flauta. Neste artigo, analisamos o espectro sonoro desse tipo de flauta, identificamos os harmônicos mais intensos na formação do timbre do instrumento para diversas notas musicais da escala diatônica, e reproduzimos a forma da onda sonora resultante com base no espectro.</p>

<p>The flute is a musical instrument classified as a woodwind instrument. Among the various types, the transverse flute has this name because the breath is transverse to the length of the flute. In this paper, we analyze the sound spectrum of this type of flute, identify the most intense harmonics in the formation of the timbre of the instrument for several musical notes of the diatonic scale, and reproduce the shape of the sound wave based on the resulting spectrum.</p>

Apparent digestibility coefficients (ADC) of gross energy and dry matter (DM) and mineral availability were evaluated for eight protein-rich ingredients (corn gluten meal, soybean meal, cottonseed meal at 280.0 and 380.0 g/kg, poultry by-product meal, meat meal, fish meal and feather meal) in compound diets for Nile tilapia. Chromic oxide was used as inert digestibility marker. Higher ADC values of DM and energy were, respectively, 0.862 and 0.881 for corn gluten meal, 0.811 and 0.888 for poultry by-product meal; 0.729 and 0.731 for feather meal; 0.666 and 0.754 for fish meal; 0.578 and 0.642 for soybean meal; 0.476 and 0.652 for meat meal at 450.0 g/kg; 0.352 and 0.449 for cottonseed meal at 380 g/kg; and 0.251 and 0.324 for cottonseed meal at 280.0 g/kg. The highest average mineral availability was for poultry by-product meal (0.582), and the lowest calcium and phosphorus availability were recorded for cottonseed meal at 280.0 g/kg. Therefore, poultry by-product meal appears to be the best ingredient for using in Nile tilapia diets.

The prevalence of antibodies against bluetongue virus was investigated in 41 dairy goats and 40 sheep herds in the semi-arid region of Pernambuco state and the conditions for insect Culicoides maintenance, considering climate dynamics and vector competence, were evaluated. The percents of seropositive herds in agar gel immunodiffusion test for bluetongue virus group were 24 for goats and 27.5 for sheep. The estimated prevalences of seropositive animals were 3.9% for goats (n = 410) and 4.3% for sheep (n = 400). The prevalences of seropositive animals were low in the mesoregion of Sertão Pernambucano (4.8% for goats and 4.1% for sheep) and São Francisco Pernambucano (1.0% for goats and 4.5% for sheep). There were no significant differences between species and regions. Considering the social and economic importance of goats and sheep raising in the semi-arid region, it is essential to establish preventive measures to control imports of ruminants from these areas.

RESUMO Este trabalho teve como objetivo determinar a frequência e os possíveis fatores de risco as-sociados à ocorrência da Leucose Enzoótica Bovina (LEB) na bacia leiteira do Estado do Maranhão. Amostras de soro de 920 animais da raça girolanda foram submetidas à técnica de imunodifusão em gel de ágar. O estudo foi realizado em 92 propriedades leiteiras, pertencentes a 23 municípios localizados nas regionais de Açailândia, Bacabal, Ilha de São Luís, Imperatriz e Pedreiras. Em cada propriedade avaliada, aplicou-se questionário epidemiológico para investigar os fatores de risco que poderiam estar associados a esta infecção. Das 920 amostras de soro analisadas, 53,80% foram reagentes. Nas regionais obtiveram-se frequências de 63,50%, 61,87%, 60,62%, 41,18% e 30,83%, para Bacabal, Ilha de São Luís, Pedreiras, Imperatriz e Açailândia, respectivamente. Nos 23 municípios amostrados foram encontrados animais reagentes, com detecção de bovinos sorologicamente positivos em 98,91% das propriedades. Dentre os fatores de risco avaliados, uso repetido da mesma agulha para colheita de sangue ou vacinação, uso repetido da mesma luva obstétrica, estabulação dos animais e ausência de assistência veterinária apresentaram significância estatística (P < 0,05) associada à LEB. Os resultados do estudo indicam que a frequência de anticorpos para a Leucose Enzoótica Bovina foi elevada na bacia leiteira do Estado do Maranhão e que os fatores relacionados ao manejo estiveram associados ao risco de infecção nos bovinos.

ABSTRACT This study was performed in order to determine the frequency of antibodies to enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL), and the main factors related to the infection in dairy herds of Maranhão State, Brazil. Serum samples from 920 animals were submitted to the agar gel immunodifusion technique. The study was carried out on 92 dairy properties, in 23 districts located in the regions of Açailândia, Bacabal, São Luis Island, Imperatriz and Pedreiras. An epidemiological questionnaire was applied for each herd to investigate variables that could be associated with this infection. Of the 920 serum samples examined, 53.8% were reagent. The frequency breakdown by region was 63.50%, 61.87%, 60.62%, 41.18% and 30.83%, for Bacabal, São Luis Island, Pedreiras, Imperatriz and Açailândia, respectively. Reagents animals were found in the 23 districts studied, with detection of serologically positive bovines on 98.91% of the properties. Variables identified as risk factors included the repeated use of the same needle for blood sampling or vaccination, repeated use of the same obstetric glove, animal housing and absence of veterinary assistance. These risk factors presented a statistical significance (P < 0.05) associated to infection. These results indicate that enzootic bovine leukosis infection is high in dairy herds of the state of Maranhão and that factors related to livestock management were associated with the risk of EBL infection.

Peripheral glial cells consist of satellite, enteric glial, and Schwann cells. In dorsal root ganglia, besides pseudo-unipolar neurons, myelinated and nonmyelinated fibers, macrophages, and fibroblasts, satellite cells also constitute the resident components. Information on satellite cells is not abundant; however, they appear to provide mechanical and metabolic support for neurons by forming an envelope surrounding their cell bodies. Although there is a heterogeneous population of neurons in the dorsal root ganglia, satellite cells have been described to be a homogeneous group of perineuronal cells. Our objective was to characterize the ultrastructure, immunohistochemistry, and histochemistry of the satellite cells of the dorsal root ganglia of 17 adult 3-4-month-old Wistar rats of both genders. Ultrastructurally, the nuclei of some satellite cells are heterochromatic, whereas others are euchromatic, which may result from different amounts of nuclear activity. We observed positive immunoreactivity for S-100 and vimentin in the cytoplasm of satellite cells. The intensity of S-100 protein varied according to the size of the enveloped neuron. We also noted that vimentin expression assumed a ring-like pattern and was preferentially located in the cytoplasm around the areas stained for S-100. In addition, we observed nitric oxide synthase-positive small-sized neurons and negative large-sized neurons equal to that described in the literature. Satellite cells were also positive for NADPH-diaphorase, particularly those associated with small-sized neurons. We conclude that all satellite cells are not identical as previously thought because they have different patterns of glial marker expression and these differences may be correlated with the size and function of the neuron they envelope.

RESUMO O sorodiagnóstico das lentiviroses de caprinos e ovinos é realizado principalmente pela imunodifusão em gel de agar (AGID) e/ou ELISA. Embora relativamente simples, esses métodos não identificam os antígenos virais reconhecidos na resposta imune do animal examinado, por isso o western blot (WB) vem ganhando maior relevância como ferramenta de diagnóstico dessas enfermidades. Neste trabalho, o antígeno utilizado no WB foi obtido através de um sistema simplificado de purificação: concentração por diálise do sobrenadante de culturas celulares infectadas, seguido de centrifugação em gradiente contínuo de sacarose. A separação das proteínas virais foi obtida por SDS-PAGE a 10% e a transferência para membranas de nitrocelulose realizada pelo sistema semi-úmido. A revelação das membranas mostrou reconhecimento pelo soro padrão positivo de cinco proteínas, com pesos moleculares de 14-16, 25, 40, 50 e 70 kDa. Todas as 8 amostras de soro caprino, positivas na ADIG, reconheceram pelo menos uma banda proteíca no immunoblot, variando contudo o número de bandas reconhecidas. Reação positiva à glícoproteína 40 (gp 40) foi observada em quatro animais, com intensidade de reação discreta em três deles. Dois animais apresentaram reação positiva à proteína 16 (p16), e dois à gp 50, de pouca intensidade. Quanto à gp 70, proteína que, embora reagisse com o soro padrão positivo, não foi reconhecida por nenhum dos soros testados. Estes resultados sugerem que o WB pode ser empregado para o sorodiagnóstico rotineiro das lentiviroses, ensejando estudos mais amplos do padrão de reconhecimento dos antígenos apresentados por este novo sistema de purificação parcial de componentes virais.

ABSTRACT The serodiagnosis of small ruminant lentivirus (SRLV) infections in goats and sheep is usually performed by the agar-gel immunodiffusion technique (AGID) and by ELISA. Therefore, the western blot (WB) is the choice for the definition of antigen recognition patterns during the disease progression, being potentially useful for the diagnosis itself. In the present study, the antigen used for WB was obtained by a novel simple purification procedure: the dialysis of the supernatant of infected cultured cells, followed by centrifugation in sucrose gradient. Proteins in the pellet were separated by SDS-PAGE at 10% density and transferred to nitrocellulose membranes in a semi-dry blotting device. After development, five viral proteins were recognized by the standard positive serum sample, with molecular weights of 14-16, 25, 40, 50 and 70 kDa respectively. All 8 AGID positive goat serum samples recognized at least one band in the immunoblot, with different intensities. The total number of bands recognized by each serum sample varied considerably. A positive reaction to gp40 was observed with 4 sera, although rather weak in 3 cases. Two samples were reactive to p16 and two others to gp50, although weakly. Curiously, no serum was reactive to the 70 kDa antigen, recognized by the standard positive serum sample. These results suggest that the WB can be effectively used for the routine serodiagnosis of viral caprine arthritis encephalitis infection (CAEV). It can also support further studies on antigen recognition patterns with the new antigen provided by the novel simplified purification system of viral components described here.

This experiment was designed with the objective of developing a simple, practical, and high repeatability technique for the simultaneous evaluation of the integrity of the plasmatic and acrosomal membranes, as well as funcional mitochondria of domestic fowl spermatozoa using an association of fluorescent probes. Four ejaculates (motility > 80% and abnormal morphology < 10%) from each of six Ross male broiler breeder (n=24) were diluted in TALP sperm medium (25x10(6) spermatozoa/mL) and split into two aliquots, and one of these aliquots was flash frozen in liquid nitrogen and thawed to damage all cellular membranes. Three treatments were prepared from these aliquots, with the following ratios of Fresh semen:Flash frozen semen: 100:0 (T100), 50:50 (T50), and 0:100 (T0). A 150-µL aliquot of diluted semen was placed in a microcentrifuge tube with the addition of 2-µL PI, 2-µL MITO, and 50-µL FITC-PSA, and incubated at 38.5º C/8 min in the dark. An 8-µL sample was placed on a slide, coverslipped, and examined by epifluorescence microscopy. Each sample had 200 cells counted and classified based on the fluorescence emitted by each probe. By regression analysis, plasma membrane integrity, as detected by PI, was determined as: v=4.17+0.82X (R²=0.95). Acrosome integrity, as detected by FITC-PSA, generated the equation: v=4.19+0.84X (R²=0.96). Functional mitochondria was estimated by the equation v=3.20+0.83X (R²=0.96). This is an efficient technique to simultaneously evaluate plasmatic, acrosomal, and mitochondrial membranes in fowl sperm. It is suggested that its application in flow cytometry systems allows this methodology to be applied in large scale.

RESUMO Os pequenos ruminantes podem ser infectados por um grupo de vírus genericamente denominado de Lentivírus de Pequenos Ruminantes (LVPR), que compreende vários isolados, distribuídos em quatro grupos filogenéticos. Os vírus Maedi-Visna (MVV) e da Artrite Encefalite Caprina (CAEV), originalmente, isolados de ovinos e caprinos, respectivamente, são os protótipos dos dois grupos. O objetivo desse trabalho foi isolar, identificar amostra de LVPR e realizar levantamento sorológico, em ovinos da raça Santa Inês. Através do co-cultivo de células de membrana sinovial ovina e sangue periférico de um ovino soropositivo ao teste de IDGA foi isolado LVPR, amostra BrPe2-01, identificada pelo aparecimento de sincícios nas monocamadas e pela reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR). A sorologia foi feita através do teste de Imunodifusão em Gel de Agar (IDGA) em animais de 25 propriedades procedentes das regiões Agreste, Sertão, Mata Meridional e Metropolitana do Estado de Pernambuco, totalizando 558 amostras. Os resultados demonstraram sorologia positiva em 6 (1,07%) ovinos de 3 (12%) rebanhos estudados. Concluiu-se que os ovinos da raça Santa Inês estão sendo infectados pelos LVPR, porém com baixa prevalência.

ABSTRACT Small ruminants can be infected by a group generically denominated as small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLV), which comprehend several isolates, distributed into four phylogenetic groups. The Maedi-Visna (MVV) and caprine arthritis encephalitis (CAEV) viruses, originally isolated from ovine and caprine, respectively, are the prototypes of both groups. The objective of this work was to isolate and identify an SRLV strain and carry out a serological survey in ovines of the Santa Inês breed. Through co-cultivation of ovine sinovial cells and leucocytes of a seropositive ewe, LVSR was isolated (BrPe2-01 strain), and identified by the appearance of syncitium on the monolayers and by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The serology was done through the agar gel immunodiffusion test (AGID) in 558 sheep of 25 flocks from the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. The results demonstrated positive serology in 6 (1.07%) sheep of 3 (12%) studied flocks. It was concluded that the ovine of the Santa Inês breed are being infected by SRLV, with low prevalence.

The prevalence of small ruminant lentivirus (SRL) infection was evaluated in goats and sheep in two counties of Pernambuco State, Brasil. Seriological examinations were performed from a total of 672 goats and 325 sheep, one year of age and older, at two abattoirs. Sera were analyzed by agar gel immunodiffusion using Maedi-Visna K-1514 antigens. There were 42 reactive samples (95% confidence interval 3.6% to 4.9%) in both slaughter houses. In São Lourenço da Mata county, 3.2% and 4.0% of goat and sheep sera were responsive, whereas in Paulista county, 5.1% of goat samples and 8.2% of sheep were reactive. Thus, the prevalence of small ruminant lentivirus was low in goats and sheep sampled from the region.