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Hemodialysis in Brazil: differences across geographic regions regarding demographics, laboratory parameters and drug prescription
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Nerbass, Fabiana Baggio

; Lima, Helbert do Nascimento

; Lugon, Jocemir Ronaldo

; Sesso, Ricardo

Brazilian Journal of Nephrology

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dec 2023, Volume 45 N. 4 Pages 410 - 416

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

ABSTRACT Introduction: Brazil has a vast territory divided into five geographic regions with important differences in sociodemographic indices. We aimed to present and compare socio-demographic characteristics, biochemical results, and drug prescription of patients on chronic hemodialysis (HD) treatment in the five geographic regions. Methods: We evaluated data from the Brazilian Dialysis Registry of all adult patients undergoing chronic HD in 2021. Variables included sociodemographic characteristics, serum levels of phosphate, calcium, and albumin, hemoglobin, urea reduction rate, and prescription of phosphate binders, erythropoietin, and intravenous iron. Data from the North and Northeast regions were combined into one group. Results: A total of 13,792 patients (57.9 ± 16.0 years old, 58.5% male, median HD vintage of 31 (11–66) months) from 73 dialysis centers were analyzed. Regional distribution was 59.5% in the Southeast; 21.7% in the South; 5.9% in the Midwest; and 12.9% in the North/Northeast. Sociodemographic features, biochemical results, and medication prescriptions differed across regions. The prevalence of elderly patients was lower in the Midwest and North/Northeast. The South region had the highest prevalence of hyperphosphatemia (41.2%) and urea reduction rate <65% (24.8%), while anemia and hypoalbuminemia were more prevalent in the Southeast, 32.7% and 11.6%, respectively. Conclusion: We found differences in socio-demographics, clinical features, and drug prescriptions across Brazilian geographic regions. Some findings reflect the socio-demographic diversity of the country, while others deserve further elucidation.

Introdução: O Brasil possui um vasto território dividido em cinco regiões geográficas com importantes diferenças nos índices sociodemográficos. Nosso objetivo foi apresentar e comparar características sociodemográficas, resultados bioquímicos e prescrição de medicamentos de pacientes em tratamento de hemodiálise crônica (HD) nas cinco regiões geográficas. Métodos: Avaliamos os dados do Registro Brasileiro de Diálise de todos os pacientes adultos submetidos à HD crônica em 2021. As variáveis incluíram características sociodemográficas, níveis séricos de fosfato, cálcio e albumina, hemoglobina, taxa de redução de ureia e prescrição de quelantes de fosfato, eritropoietina e ferro intravenoso. Os dados das regiões Norte e Nordeste foram combinados em um único grupo. Resultados: Foi analisado um total de 13.792 pacientes (57,9 ± 16,0 anos, 58,5% do sexo masculino, mediana de tempo de HD de 31 (11–66) meses) de 73 centros de diálise. A distribuição regional foi de 59,5% dos pacientes provenientes do Sudeste; 21,7% do Sul; 5,9% do Centro-Oeste; e 12,9% do Norte/Nordeste. As características sociodemográficas, os resultados bioquímicos e as prescrições de medicamentos diferiram entre as regiões. A prevalência de pacientes idosos foi menor nas regiões Centro-Oeste e Norte/Nordeste. A região Sul apresentou a maior prevalência de hiperfosfatemia (41,2%) e taxa de redução de ureia < 65% (24,8%), enquanto a anemia e a hipoalbuminemia foram mais prevalentes no Sudeste, 32,7% e 11,6%, respectivamente. Conclusão: Encontramos diferenças nos dados sociodemográficos, nas características clínicas e prescrições de medicamentos nas regiões geográficas brasileiras. Alguns achados refletem a diversidade sociodemográfica do país, enquanto outros demandam maiores esclarecimentos.

https://doi.org/10.1590/2175-8239-jbn-2022-0169en

Brazilian Dialysis Survey 2021
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Nerbass, Fabiana B

; Lima, Helbert do Nascimento

; Thomé, Fernando Saldanha

; Vieira Neto, Osvaldo Merege

; Sesso, Ricardo

; Lugon, Jocemir Ronaldo

Brazilian Journal of Nephrology

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jun 2023, Volume 45 N. 2 Pages 192 - 198

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

ABSTRACT Introduction: The Brazilian Dialysis Survey (BDS) is an important source of national data about people on chronic dialysis that contributes to the formulation of health policies regarding kidney failure. Objective: To report the 2021 epidemiological data from the BDS of the Brazilian Society of Nephrology (BSN). Methods: A survey was carried out in Brazilian chronic dialysis centers using an online questionnaire covering clinical and epidemiological aspects of patients in chronic dialysis, data on dialysis therapy, characteristics of dialysis centers, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic of 2021. Results: Thirty percent (n = 252) of the centers answered the questionnaire. In July 2021, the estimated total number of patients on dialysis was 148,363. The estimated prevalence and incidence rates of patients per million population (pmp) were 696 and 224, respectively. Of the prevalent patients, 94.2% were on hemodialysis (HD) (1.8% of these on hemodiafiltration), and 5.8% on peritoneal dialysis (PD); 21% were on the transplant waiting list. The incidence rate of confirmed COVID-19 between January and July 2021 was 1,236/10,000 dialysis patients, and the case-fatality rate reached 25.5%. Up to July 2021, 88.6% of patients had received at least one dose of the anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. The estimated overall and COVID-19 crude annual mortality rates were 22.3% and 5.3%, respectively. Conclusion: The absolute number and the prevalence rate of patients on chronic dialysis continue to increase. Most dialysis patients were vaccinated against COVID-19 during the year. The COVID-19 pandemic was associated to the overall mortality rate.

RESUMO Introdução: O Censo Brasileiro de Diálise (CBD) constitui importante fonte de dados nacionais sobre pessoas em diálise crônica que contribui para a formulação de políticas de saúde. Objetivo: Relatar dados epidemiológicos de 2021 do CBD da Sociedade Brasileira de Nefrologia (SBN). Métodos: Realizou-se pesquisa em centros brasileiros de diálise crônica utilizando questionário online abrangendo aspectos clínicos e epidemiológicos de pacientes em diálise crônica, dados sobre terapia dialítica, características dos centros de diálise e o impacto da pandemia COVID-19 em 2021. Resultados: Trinta por cento (n = 252) dos centros responderam ao questionário. Em Julho de 2021, o número total estimado de pacientes em diálise foi 148.363. As taxas estimadas de prevalência e incidência de pacientes por milhão da população (pmp) foram 696 e 224, respectivamente. Dos pacientes prevalentes, 94,2% estavam em hemodiálise (HD) (1,8% destes em hemodiafiltração), e 5,8% em diálise peritoneal (DP); 21% estavam na lista de espera para transplante. A taxa de incidência de COVID-19 confirmada entre Janeiro e Julho de 2021 foi 1.236/10.000 pacientes em diálise, e a taxa de letalidade atingiu 25,5%. Até Julho de 2021, 88,6% dos pacientes haviam recebido pelo menos uma dose da vacina anti-SARS-CoV-2. As taxas estimadas de mortalidade bruta anual geral e por COVID-19 foram de 22,3% e 5,3%, respectivamente. Conclusão: O número absoluto e a taxa de prevalência de pacientes em diálise crônica continuam aumentando. A maioria dos pacientes em diálise foram vacinados contra COVID-19 durante o ano. A pandemia COVID-19 contribuiu com a taxa de mortalidade geral.

https://doi.org/10.1590/2175-8239-jbn-2022-0083en

High prevalence of hyperkalemia in Brazilian chronic dialysis patients and differences across geographic regions
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Nerbass, Fabiana Baggio

; Lima, Helbert do Nascimento

; Sesso, Ricardo

; Lugon, Jocemir Ronaldo

Brazilian Journal of Nephrology

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mar 2023, Volume 45 N. 1 Pages 106 - 109

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

Abstract Introduction: Hyperkalemia is a common multifactorial condition of people on chronic dialysis and is associated with mortality. We aimed to inform and discuss the prevalence of hyperkalemia in a large population of chronic dialysis patients in Brazil and its geographic regions. Methods: Prevalence of hyperkalemia (serum potassium ≥6.0 mEq/L) was assessed in the Brazilian Dialysis Survey (BDS) in July 2019, an online survey of voluntary participation in which all dialysis centers registered at the Brazilian Society of Nephrology were invited. Results: Approximately one-third (n=263 of 805) of the Brazilian dialysis clinics participated. The prevalence of hyperkalemia in the whole population was 16.1% (n=7,457 of 46,193; 95%CI=15.8-16.5%,), and varied from 12.1% in the North to 18.7% in the Northeast. Conclusion: We found a high prevalence of hyperkalemia in a large Brazilian chronic dialysis population. A nationwide investigation of risk factors, treatment options, and whether this high prevalence contributes to dialysis mortality is warranted.

Resumo Introdução: A hipercalemia é uma condição multifatorial comum em pessoas em diálise crônica e está associada à mortalidade. Nosso objetivo foi informar e discutir a prevalência de hipercalemia em uma grande população de pacientes em diálise crônica no Brasil e diferenças entre as regiões geográficas. Métodos: A prevalência de hipercalemia (potássio sérico ≥6,0 mEq/L) foi avaliada por meio do Censo Brasileiro de Diálise (CBD) em Julho de 2019, uma pesquisa online de participação voluntária na qual foram convidados todos os centros de diálise registrados na Sociedade Brasileira de Nefrologia. Resultados: Aproximadamente um terço (n=263 de 805) das clínicas de diálise brasileiras participaram. A prevalência de hipercalemia na população total foi de 16,1% (n=7.457 de 46.193; IC95%=15,8-16,5%), e variou de 12,1% no Norte a 18,7% no Nordeste. Conclusão: Encontramos uma elevada prevalência de hipercalemia em umagrande população brasileira em diálise crônica. É necessária uma investigação nacional dos fatores de risco, opções de tratamento e se esta alta prevalência contribui para a mortalidade desta população.

https://doi.org/10.1590/2175-8239-jbn-2022-0053en

Co-inoculation with Bradyrhizobium spp. and Azospirillum brasilense in cowpea under salt stress
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Nascimento, Elka C. S. do

; Souza, Allesson R. de

; Nascimento, Ronaldo do

; Silva, André A. R. da

; Bezerra, Carlos V. de C.

; Lima, Robson F. de

; Guimarães, Rafaela F. B.

; Batista, Mateus C.

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental

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jan 2023, Volume 27 N. 1 Pages 3 - 8

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO Plantas cultivadas sob salinidade estão sujeitas a muitos distúrbios morfológicos e fisiológicos. Neste sentido, práticas que possam viabilizar o uso de águas salinas são essenciais. Os efeitos deletérios da salinidade podem ser mitigados ao utilizar microrganismos benéficos, especialmente bactérias diazotróficas. Nesse contexto, objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da inoculação e co-inoculação bacteriana utilizando Bradyrhizobium spp. e Azospirillum brasilense no crescimento, nodulação e produção de feijão-caupi sob estresse salino. O experimento foi conduzido em blocos casualizados, em arranjo fatorial 4 × 5, sendo quatro fontes de nitrogênio (F1 - sem nitrogênio e sem inoculante; F2 - adubação com nitrogênio mineral e sem inoculante; F3 - inoculação de Bradyrhizobium ssp. e F4 - coinoculação de Bradyrhizobium ssp. e Azospirillum brasilense) e cinco valores de condutividade elétrica da água de irrigação - CEa (0,4; 1,9; 3,4; 4,9 e 6,4 dS m-1), com cinco repetições. A coinoculação com Azospirillum brasilense e Bradyrhizobium favoreceu o crescimento, a produção e a nodulação de plantas de feijão caupi quando irrigadas até CEa de 0,4 dS m-1. O aumento da condutividade elétrica da água de irrigação afetou negativamente o crescimento, a produção e a nodulação de plantas de feijão Caupi da variedade Corujinha independentemente da fonte de nitrogênio utilizada.

ABSTRACT Plants grown under salinity are subject to many morphological and physiological disorders. In this context, practices that can enable the use of saline water are essential. The deleterious effects of salinity can be mitigated by using beneficial microorganisms, especially diazotrophic bacteria. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of bacterial inoculation and co-inoculation using Bradyrhizobium spp. and Azospirillum brasilense on the growth, nodulation and production of cowpea under salt stress. The experiment was conducted using a randomized block design, in a 4 × 5 factorial arrangement, corresponding to four nitrogen sources (N1 - without nitrogen and without inoculant; N2 - fertilization with mineral nitrogen and without inoculant; N3 - inoculation of Bradyrhizobium spp.; and N4 - co-inoculation of Bradyrhizobium spp. and Azospirillum brasilense) and five values of electrical conductivity of irrigation water - ECw (0.4, 1.9, 3.4, 4.9 and 6.4 dS m-1), with five replicates. Co-inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense and Bradyrhizobium spp. favors the growth, production and nodulation of cowpea plants up to ECw of 0.4 dS m-1. Increase in the electrical conductivity of irrigation water negatively affects the growth, production and nodulation of cowpea plants in Corujinha variety, regardless of the nitrogen source used.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v27n1p3-8

Hemodialysis in Brazil: differences across geographic regions regarding demographics, laboratory parameters and drug prescription
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Nerbass, Fabiana Baggio

; Lima, Helbert do Nascimento

; Lugon, Jocemir Ronaldo

; Sesso, Ricardo

Brazilian Journal of Nephrology

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2023, N. ahead

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

https://doi.org/10.1590/2175-8239-jbn-2022-0169en

Brazilian Dialysis Survey 2022
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Nerbass, Fabiana Baggio

; Lima, Helbert do Nascimento

; Moura-Neto, José Andrade

; Lugon, Jocemir Ronaldo

; Sesso, Ricardo

Brazilian Journal of Nephrology

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2023, N. ahead

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

Abstract Introduction: The Brazilian Dialysis Survey (BDS) is an annual national survey about patients on chronic dialysis that contributes to health policies. Objective: To report the 2022 epidemiological data from the BDS of the Brazilian Society of Nephrology (BSN). Methods: A survey was carried out in Brazilian chronic dialysis centers using an online questionnaire that included clinical and epidemiological aspects of patients on chronic dialysis, dialysis therapy data, and dialysis center characteristics. Results: Overall, 28% (n = 243) of the centers answered the questionnaire. In July 2022, the estimated total number of patients on dialysis was 153,831. The estimated prevalence and incidence rates of patients per million population (pmp) were 758 and 214, respectively. Of the prevalent patients, 95.3% were on hemodialysis (HD, 4.6% of these on hemodiafiltration) and 4.7% on peritoneal dialysis (PD). Only 1.3% of patients were not vaccinated against COVID-19. The prevalence of anemia (Hb < 10g/dL) was 27% and hyperphosphatemia (P > 5.5mg/dL) reached 30%. The estimated overall crude annual mortality rate was 17.1%. Conclusions: The absolute number and prevalence rate of patients on chronic dialysis continue to increase. A growing number of patients were receiving hemodiafiltration. The mortality rate decreased, probably due to the end of COVID-19 pandemic. The conclusions were drawn in the context of relatively low voluntary participation, which imposed methodological limitations on our estimates.

Resumo Introdução: O Censo Brasileiro de Diálise (CBD) é uma pesquisa nacional anual sobre pacientes em diálise crônica que contribui para as políticas de saúde. Objetivo: Informar os dados epidemiológicos de 2022 do CBD da Sociedade Brasileira de Nefrologia (SBN). Métodos: Foi realizada uma pesquisa em centros brasileiros de diálise por meio de um questionário online que incluiu aspectos clínicos e epidemiológicos de pacientes em diálise crônica, dados da terapia dialítica e características do centro de diálise. Resultados: No total, 28% (n = 243) dos centros de diálise ativos cadastrados na SBN responderam ao questionário. Em julho de 2022, o número total estimado de pacientes em diálise era de 153.831. As taxas estimadas de prevalência e incidência de pacientes por milhão (ppm) de habitantes foram 758 e 214, respectivamente. Dos pacientes prevalentes, 95,3% estavam em hemodiálise (HD; 4,6% desses em hemodiafiltração) e 4,7% em diálise peritoneal (DP). Apenas 1,3% dos pacientes não foram vacinados contra a COVID-19. A prevalência de anemia (Hb < 10g/dL) foi de 27% e de hiperfosfatemia (P > 5,5mg/dL) alcançou 30%. A taxa bruta total anual de mortalidade estimada foi de 17,1%. Conclusões: O número absoluto e a taxa de prevalência de pacientes em diálise crônica continuam a aumentar. Um número crescente de pacientes estava em hemodiafiltração. A taxa de mortalidade diminuiu, provavelmente devido ao fim da pandemia da COVID-19. As conclusões foram de um contexto de participação voluntária relativamente baixa, o que impõe limitações metodológicas às nossas estimativas.

https://doi.org/10.1590/2175-8239-jbn-2023-0062en

Nephrobronchial fistula: a diagnostic challenge in a patient with IgG4-related disease fistula IgG4related IgGrelated IgG4 related IgG
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Plens, Glauco Cabral Marinho

; Bridi, Guilherme das Posses

; Nascimento, Ellen Caroline Toledo do

; Chate, Rodrigo Caruso

; Baldi, Bruno Guedes

; Arimura, Fábio Eiji

; Kairalla, Ronaldo Adib

Jornal Brasileiro de Pneumologia

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2023, Volume 49 N. 6 elocation e20230317

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

https://doi.org/10.36416/1806-3756/e20230317

A Physical Study to Explain Response Differences between the BID and FID Detectors for PAHs and Pesticides
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Lopes, Amanda F.

; Gouveia Jr., Florêncio S.

; Nascimento, Hélio O.

; Silva, Vitor P. A. da

; Barbosa, Pablo G. A.

; Carvalho, Tecia V.

; Nascimento, Ronaldo F. do

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

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oct 2022, Volume 33 N. 10 Pages 1190 - 1199

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

The dielectric barrier discharge ionization detector (BID) is one of the most modern detectors commercially available for gas chromatography (GC). Its technology based on the sample ionization through the energy released from the helium plasma generation process gives it the ability to act as a universal detector and a greater response to various types of compounds compared to the well-established flame ionization detector (FID). In this study, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), organophosphates (OPPs) and organochlorines pesticides (OCPs) were investigated. The parameters that could explain the performance of the BID and FID detectors were: structural factors, ionization energy (IE) and energy of the highest occupied molecular orbital (EHOMO), which were obtained by density functional theory (DFT). The relative (BID/FID) responses to PAHs and pesticides were about 1.8 and 3.0 times greater than FID, respectively. Less structural dependence of the BID signal compared to the FID signal was observed. Among the parameters calculated by DFT, the IE was the one that most seemed to have influenced the response of the two detectors studied. The theoretical data proved to be quite consistent to explain the trends observed experimentally, especially to the BID.

https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20220038

Brazilian Dialysis Survey 2020
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Nerbass, Fabiana B

; Lima, Helbert do Nascimento

; Thomé, Fernando Saldanha

; Vieira Neto, Osvaldo Merege

; Lugon, Jocemir Ronaldo

; Sesso, Ricardo

Brazilian Journal of Nephrology

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sep 2022, Volume 44 N. 3 Pages 349 - 357

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo Introdução: Dados nacionais sobre tratamento dialítico crônico são essenciais para apoiar o desenvolvimento de políticas de saúde destinadas a melhorar o tratamento de milhares de pessoas. Objetivo: Relatar dados epidemiológicos do Censo Brasileiro de Diálise 2020, patrocinado pela Sociedade Brasileira de Nefrologia. Métodos: Realizou-se pesquisa em centros brasileiros de diálise crônica utilizando questionário online relativo ao ano, abrangendo aspectos clínicos e epidemiológicos de pacientes em programa de diálise crônica, dados sobre terapia dialítica, características das unidades de diálise e impacto da pandemia COVID-19. Resultados: 235 (28%) centros responderam ao questionário. Em julho de 2020, o número total estimado de pacientes em diálise foi 144.779. As taxas estimadas de prevalência e incidência de pacientes por milhão da população (pmp) foram 684 e 209, respectivamente. Dos pacientes prevalentes, 92,6% estavam em hemodiálise (HD) e 7,4% em diálise peritoneal (DP); 23% estavam na lista de espera para transplante. Cateter venoso central foi utilizado por um quarto dos pacientes em HD. A taxa de incidência de COVID-19 confirmada entre fevereiro e julho de 2020 foi 684/10.000 pacientes em diálise, a taxa de letalidade foi 25,7%. As taxas estimadas de mortalidade geral e mortalidade bruta anual por COVID-19 foram 24,5 e 4,2%, respectivamente. Conclusão: O número absoluto de pacientes em diálise crônica e a taxa de prevalência continuaram a aumentar. O baixo uso de DP como terapia de diálise foi mantido e o uso de cateteres de longa permanência para HD aumentou. A pandemia COVID-19 contribuiu para o aumento da taxa de mortalidade geral.

Abstract Introduction: National data on chronic dialysis treatment are essential to support the development of health policies aimed at improving the treatment for thousands of people. Objective: To report epidemiological data from the 2020 Brazilian Dialysis Survey, sponsored by the Brazilian Society of Nephrology. Methods: A survey was carried out in Brazilian chronic dialysis centers using an online questionnaire for the year, covering clinical and epidemiological aspects of patients in a chronic dialysis program, data on dialysis therapy, characteristics of dialysis units and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Results: 235 (28%) of the centers responded to the questionnaire. In July 2020, the estimated total number of patients on dialysis was 144,779. The estimated prevalence and incidence rates of patients per million population (pmp) were 684 and 209, respectively. Of the prevalent patients, 92.6% were on hemodialysis (HD) and 7.4% were on peritoneal dialysis (PD); 23% were on the transplant waiting list. A central venous catheter was used by a quarter of patients on HD. The incidence rate of confirmed COVID-19 between February and July 2020 was 684/10,000 dialysis patients, and the lethality rate was 25.7%. The estimated overall mortality and COVID-19 crude annual mortality rates were 24.5 and 4.2%, respectively. Conclusion: The absolute number of patients on chronic dialysis and prevalence rate continued to increase. The low use of PD as dialysis therapy was maintained and the use of long-term catheters for HD increased. The COVID-19 pandemic contributed to the increase in the overall mortality rate.

https://doi.org/10.1590/2175-8239-jbn-2021-0198

10.

How can nutritional additives modify ruminant nutrition?
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Silveira Pimentel, Paulo Roberto

; dos Santos Brant, Lara Maria

; Vasconcelos de Oliveira Lima, Anny Graycy

; Cotrim, Daniela Costa

; Costa Nascimento, Thiago Vinicius

; Lopes Oliveira, Ronaldo

Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo

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jun 2022, Volume 54 N. 1 Pages 175 - 189

Abstract: Es En | Text: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

Resumen Esta revisión tuvo como objetivo exponer las relaciones entre los aditivos en la dieta de los rumiantes y las consecuencias causadas en su nutrición. Los aditivos alimentarios se utilizan en la nutrición de los rumiantes para mejorar las características productivas y/o la calidad de los productos. Hay diversas categorías de aditivos disponibles para la nutrición de rumiantes, con énfasis en antibióticos, prebióticos, probióticos, extractos de plantas y enzimas exógenas. Los antibióticos, los aceites esenciales y el quitosano actúan seleccionando bacterias sensibles y consecuentemente modulan el patrón de fermentación ruminal. Los prebióticos favorecen la microbiota, proporcionando una mayor digestión y producción de ácidos grasos volátiles. Los probióticos son microorganismos que mejoran el ambiente ruminal, lo que resulta en una mayor digestión y producción de ácidos grasos volátiles. Las enzimas exógenas actúan sinérgicamente con las enzimas secretadas por los microorganismos ruminales, además de favorecer la adhesión microbiana y colonización de las partículas, ayudan en la degradación del alimento. Los taninos, ya sea alterando el estándar de fermentación y/o modificando la microbiota ruminal, todos los aditivos son efectivos para mejorar el rendimiento animal. Sin embargo, los efectos de los aditivos sobre los productos están relacionados con la calidad de la dieta.

Abstract This review illustrates the relationships between additives in the diets of ruminants and the consequence for ruminant nutrition. Feed additives are used to improve animal perfor mance and/or the quality of the products. There are several categories of additives available for ruminant nutrition, with emphasis on antibiotics, prebiotics, probiotics, plant extracts, and exogenous enzymes. Antibiotics, essential oils, and chitosan act by selecting sensitive bacteria, consequently modulating the ruminal fermentation pattern. Prebiotics favor microbial growth, providing greater digestion and the production of volatile fatty acids. Probiotics are living microorganisms that improve the ruminal environment, promoting microbial growth and resulting in increased digestion and the production of volatile fatty acids. Exogenous enzymes act synergistically with the enzymes secreted by the ruminal microorganisms, besides favoring microbial adhesion and colonization and facilitating feed degradation. Tannins, whether altering the fermentation standard and/or modifying the ruminal microbiota population, are effective in improving animal performance. However, the effects of additives on the quality of the products are linked to diet quality.

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11.

Diretriz Conjunta sobre Tromboembolismo Venoso – 2022
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Albricker, Ana Cristina Lopes

; Freire, Cláudia Maria Vilas

; Santos, Simone Nascimento dos

; Alcantara, Monica Luiza de

; Saleh, Mohamed Hassan

; Cantisano, Armando Luis

; Teodoro, José Aldo Ribeiro

; Porto, Carmen Lucia Lascasas

; Amaral, Salomon Israel do

; Veloso, Orlando Carlos Gloria

; Petisco, Ana Cláudia Gomes Pereira

; Barros, Fanilda Souto

; Barros, Márcio Vinícius Lins de

; Souza, Adriano José de

; Sobreira, Marcone Lima

; Miranda, Robson Barbosa de

; Moraes, Domingos de

; Verrastro, Carlos Gustavo Yuji

; Mançano, Alexandre Dias

; Lima, Ronaldo de Souza Leão

; Muglia, Valdair Francisco

; Matushita, Cristina Sebastião

; Lopes, Rafael Willain

; Coutinho, Artur Martins Novaes

; Pianta, Diego Bromfman

; Santos, Alair Augusto Sarmet Moreira Damas dos

; Naves, Bruno de Lima

; Vieira, Marcelo Luiz Campos

; Rochitte, Carlos Eduardo

Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia

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apr 2022, Volume 118 N. 4 Pages 797 - 857

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

https://doi.org/10.36660/abc.20220213

12.

Zeólita NaA sintetizada sobre fibra de vidro como estratégia para otimização do abrandamento de águas duras
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Oliveira, Edipo S

; Alves, Conceição R. F

; França, Antonia M. M

; Nascimento, Ronaldo F

; Sasaki, José M

; Loiola, Adonay R

Química Nova

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jan 2022, Volume 45 N. 1 Pages 16 - 22

Abstract: Pt | Text: Pt | PDF: Pt

NaA ZEOLITE SYNTHESIZED OVER FIBERGLASS AS A STRATEGY FOR OPTIMIZING HARD WATER SOFTENING. Zeolite NaA has been successfully synthesized over glass fiber surface previously activated by alkaline treatment. By varying the time of the treatment and the amount of silica and alumina precursors used in the reaction mixture, a sample with higher zeolite concentration could be obtained. This material was evaluated for water softening process as an alternative substitute for the use of the zeolite in its powder form, in which several drawbacks related to recovery and reuse limit its application. Water softening experiments, carried out in a continuous flow system, with a column containing the glass fiber-zeolite NaA, showed high performance in decreasing the Ca2+ ions, with complete removal achieved for 20 mL of simulated hard water (Ca2+ 100.0 mg L-1) by using 200 mg of the sample in form of column (10 mm diameter × 300 mm high). The sample maintained this performance in a wide range of pH (3.0-9.0), and also presented a feasible regenerability, with no decrease in its performance during the first four cycles of use, reaching 87.3% of efficiency over the tenth cycle.

https://doi.org/10.21577/0100-4042.20170797

13.

Mercury in muscle and liver of Plagioscion squamosissimus (Acanthuriformes: Sciaenidae) from the Machado River, Brazilian Amazon
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COSTA, Igor David da

; NASCIMENTO, Elisabete Lourdes do

; FACCHETI, Missilene Silva de Almeida

; NUNES, Natalia Neto dos Santos

; GOMES, João Paulo de Oliveira

; ALMEIDA, Ronaldo de

; BASTOS, Wanderley Rodrigues

Acta Amazonica

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jan 2022, Volume 52 N. 1 Pages 60 - 68

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO O Rio Machado é o principal afluente do Rio Madeira no estado de Rondônia, uma região impactada por desmatamento, pecuária, desenvolvimento urbano, mineração de ouro e efluentes urbanos e industriais, que provavelmente contribuem para a introdução de mercúrio (Hg) no sistema aquático. Nosso objetivo foi determinar as concentrações de Hg total (THg) em músculo e fígado de Plagioscion squamosissimus, um importante recurso pesqueiro na região. Os peixes foram amostrados durante dois anos em cinco locais ao longo de 90 km no médio Rio Machado. As concentrações de THg foram analisadas em 64 amostras de músculos e 54 de fígado por espectrofotometria de absorção atômica com vapor frio (FIMS-400). As concentrações de mercúrio foram relacionadas ao tamanho e sexo dos peixes, e com períodos do ciclo hidrológico. As concentrações de THg em ambos os órgãos foram relacionadas positiva e significativamente com o tamanho corporal dos peixes. Não houve variação significativa do THg entre os períodos do ciclo hidrológico. As concentrações médias de THg no músculo (1,09 ± 0,72 mg kg-1) e no fígado (1,28 ± 1,23 mg kg-1) foram superiores ao limite estabelecido pela OMS. Os resultados sugerem que o mercúrio residual da extração de ouro e lixiviação de mercúrio que ocorre naturalmente no solo desmatado está se acumulando na cadeia alimentar aquática do Rio Machado. Concluímos que é necessário monitorar os níveis de mercúrio em espécies de peixes comerciais na região.

ABSTRACT The Machado River is the main tributary of the Madeira River in the state of Rondônia, a region that has been impacted by deforestation, livestock, urban development, alluvial gold mining and urban and industrial effluents that likely contribute to the introduction of mercury (Hg) in the aquatic system. We aimed to determine the concentrations of total Hg (THg) in muscle and liver of Plagioscion squamosissimus, a main fishing resource in the region. Fish were sampled for two years at five sites, along a 90-km stretch of the middle Machado River. THg concentrations were analyzed in 64 muscle and 54 liver samples by cold vapor atomic absorption spectrophotometry (FIMS-400). THg levels were related with fish size and sex and with periods of the hydrological cycle. THg concentrations in both organs were positively and significantly related with fish body size. There was no significant variation in THg among periods of the hydrological cycle. Mean THg concentrations in muscle (1.09 ± 0.72 mg kg-1) and liver (1.28 ± 1.23 mg kg-1) were higher than the limit established by the WHO. Our results suggest that residual mercury from former alluvial gold extraction and lixiviation of mercury naturally occurring in the soil due to large-scale deforestaion is accumulating in the aquatic food chain in the Machado River. We conclude that it is necessary to monitor the levels of mercury in commercially important fish species in the region.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-4392202001032

14.

Production of healthy mixed vegetable beverage: antioxidant capacity, physicochemical and sensorial properties
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PINTO, Daiane dos Santos

; SILVA, Sandra dos Santos

; FIGUEIREDO, Raimundo Wilane de

; MENEZES, Fernando Lima de

; CASTRO, Janevane Silva de

; PIMENTA, Antônia Torres Ávila

; SANTOS, João Evangelista de Ávila dos

; NASCIMENTO, Ronaldo Ferreira do

; GABAN, Socorro Vanesca Frota

Food Science and Technology

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2022, Volume 42 elocation e28121

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract The present study aimed to develop and perform physicochemical and sensory analyses of new vegetable beverage with cashew nuts (C), brown rice, and prunes (P). Four formulations (F) were developed: F1: 3% C + 9% P; F2: 6% C + 9% P; F3: 3% C + 12% P; F4: 6% C + 12% P. All formulations had good acceptance with grades ranging from 6.14 to 7.23. Among formulations, F3 showed more promising from a functional and sensory point of view, since presented a higher content of oleic acid and antioxidant activity, and showed lower values for calories, lipids and viscosity compared to all other formulations. It was concluded that it was technically possible to develop an alternative vegetable beverage for those allergic to cow's milk, those with lactose intolerance, and people with obesity or cardiovascular and digestive problems.

https://doi.org/10.1590/fst.28121

15.

Physiological parameters of tomato plants subjected to salinity and treated with brassinosteroid
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Maia Júnior, Sebastião de Oliveira

; Andrade, Jailma Ribeiro de

; Nascimento, Ronaldo do

; Lima, Robson Felipe de

; Nascimento, Elka Costa Santos

; Ferreira, Vilma Marques

Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira

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2022, Volume 57 elocation e01885

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos de brassinosteroide sobre os parâmetros de fluorescência da clorofila a, o índice SPAD e a suculência foliar em plantas jovens de tomate (Lycopersicon esculentum) sob estresse salino. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o em blocos ao acaso, em arranjo fatorial 5×2 - cinco níveis de salinidade da água (0,5, 1,5, 3,0, 4,5 e 6,0 dS m-1) × duas doses de 24-epibrassinolídeo (0 e 10-6 mol L-1 de EBL). Aos 23 dias, o tratamento sem EBL mostrou que o aumento da salinidade da água reduziu a eficiência fotoquímica máxima, primária e efetiva do PSII, assim como a taxa de transporte de elétrons, o índice SPAD, a suculência foliar, a massa de matéria seca total e o índice de tolerância ao estresse, mas aumentou a fluorescência inicial e o excesso relativo de energia no PSII. Com o aumento da salinidade, nos tratamentos com EBL, houve aumento da eficiência efetiva do PSII, da taxa de transporte de elétrons, do índice SPAD, da suculência foliar, da matéria seca total e do índice de tolerância ao estresse. O epibrassinolídeo promove efeitos benéficos sobre a integridade do PSII, o índice de clorofila e a suculência foliar em plantas jovens de tomate submetidas a níveis de até salinidade 6,0 dS m-1.

Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of brassinosteroid on chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters, the SPAD index, and leaf succulence in young tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) plants under salt stress. The experimental design was a randomized complete block, in a 5×2 factorial arrangement - five levels of water salinity (0.5, 1.5, 3.0, 4.5, and 6.0 dS m-1) × two rates of 24-epibrassinolide (0 and 10-6 mol L-1 EBL). At 23 days, the treatment without EBL showed that the increase of water salinity reduced the maximum, primary, and effective photochemical efficiency of PSII, as well as the electron transport rate, the SPAD index, leaf succulence, total dry mass, and the stress tolerance index, but increased initial fluorescence and relative excess energy in PSII. With the increase of water salinity, in the EBL treatments, there was an increase in the effective photochemical efficiency of PSII, the electron transport rate, the SPAD index, leaf succulence, total dry mass, and the stress tolerance index. EBL promotes beneficial effects on PSII integrity, the chlorophyll index, and leaf succulence in young tomato plants subjected to salinity levels of up to 6.0 dS m-1 .

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1678-3921.pab2022.v57.01885

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