In this study, we aimed to investigate the anticancer activity of the extract, fractions, and isolated compounds of the flowers of Fridericia platyphylla, and to characterize the bioactive compounds. The chemical diversity of the extracts and fractions was investigated using liquid chromatography coupled with high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). We were able to annotate 26 compounds from the classes of flavones, flavonols, flavanones, isoflavones, and cinnamic acid and its derivatives. The dichloromethane fraction showed greater cytotoxicity at a concentration of 100 µg mL−1. In addition, the inhibitory concentrations of the dichloromethane fraction were 22.14 and 30.9 µg mL−1 for MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines, respectively, and were capable of inhibiting tumor cell migration. Brachydins A and C were isolated from the dichloromethane fraction and showed the greatest cytotoxicity. The results obtained from this study show the potential biological effect of F. platyphylla flowers as a possible antitumor pharmacological agent. extract LCHRMS. LCHRMS LC HRMS . (LC-HRMS) 2 flavones flavonols flavanones isoflavones derivatives 10 mL1 mL 1 addition 2214 22 14 22.1 309 30 9 30. mL− MCF7 MCF 7 MCF- MDAMB231 MDAMB MDA MB 231 MDA-MB-23 lines respectively migration F agent (LC-HRMS 221 22. 3 MDAMB23 23 MDA-MB-2 MDAMB2 MDA-MB- MDA-MB

ABSTRACT Purpose: This study aimed to assess grating visual acuity and functional vision in children with congenital Zika syndrome. Methods: Initial and final grating visual acuity was measured using Teller acuity cards. Cerebral vision impairment standardized tests were used to assess functional vision. Patients were referred to the early visual intervention program for visually disabled children. Neuroimaging was performed. Results: In this study, 10 children were included with an age range of 1-37 months. Eight patients presented with macular atrophic scars. Neuroimaging revealed microcephaly and cerebral abnormalities in all patients. Low vision and cerebral vision impairment characteristics were observed in all children. The final grating visual acuity in this group varied from 3.00 to 0.81 logMAR. Conclusions: The grating visual acuity test revealed low vision in all children with congenital Zika syndrome. Functional vision evaluation revealed cerebral vision impairment characteristics in all patients, who were referred to the early visual intervention program. Visual acuity improved in six children. Purpose syndrome Methods cards performed Results 1 137 37 1-3 months scars 300 3 00 3.0 081 0 81 0.8 logMAR Conclusions 13 1- 30 3. 08 8 0.

RESUMO Este artigo apresenta perfil dos egressos, efeitos da formação e trajetória profissional dos concluintes do Curso de Mestrado Profissional em Saúde Pública, do Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, parte de pesquisa avaliativa em desenvolvimento. Dos 99 egressos convidados que concluíram seus cursos entre 2013-2020, 54 responderam a um questionário aplicado por meio do software Lime Survey. O estudo descritivo e transversal utilizou frequência absoluta e relativa e cruzamento de variáveis na análise, cujo instrumento constou dos temas: identificação do egresso e do programa/curso; atividade profissional antes e ao término do curso e expectativas; condição empregatícia atual e efeitos da formação; avaliação da trajetória formativa. Entre os respondentes, a maioria é do sexo feminino, com idade entre 31-40 anos, enfermeiros de formação, autodeclarados pretos ou pardos, não ser pessoa com deficiência, predominantemente residentes em Pernambuco e não ingressaram mediante cota. Como efeito na vida profissional, encontrou-se que o curso aumentou o prestígio/reconhecimento dos colegas, qualificou para atividades que já exerciam e para atividades diferentes, e trouxe ganhos de remuneração, proporcionando mudanças na vida pessoal e profissional. Os resultados estão em conformidade com achados científicos desse mesmo contexto, e a ferramenta desenvolvida pela Fiocruz permitiu conhecer a relação entre formação e trabalho. Pública Magalhães desenvolvimento 9 20132020, 20132020 2013 2020, 2020 2013-2020 5 Survey análise temas programa/curso programacurso programa expectativas formativa respondentes feminino 3140 31 40 31-4 anos pardos deficiência cota encontrouse encontrou se prestígioreconhecimento prestígio reconhecimento colegas diferentes remuneração contexto trabalho 2013202 201 202 2013-202 314 3 4 31- 201320 20 2013-20 20132 2 2013-2 2013-

ABSTRACT This article presents the profile of graduates, the effects of training, and the professional trajectory of the Professional Master’s Course in Public Health graduates at the Aggeu Magalhaes Institute. Of the 99 invited graduates who completed the program between 2013-2020, 54 responded to a questionnaire applied through the Lime Survey software. The descriptive and cross-sectional study used absolute and relative frequency cross-tabulation variables in the analysis, with the instrument covering the following themes: identification of the graduate and program/course; professional activity before and at the end of the program and expectations; current employment status and formation effects; evaluation of the formative trajectory. Among the respondents, most are female, aged between 31-40 years, trained as nurses, self-declared as black or brown-skinned, not having a disability, predominantly residing in Pernambuco, and did not enter through a quota system. As an effect on their professional life, it was found that the program increased prestige/recognition among colleagues, qualified them for activities they were already performing and also different activities, and brought salary increases leading to changes in personal and professional lives. The results are consistent with scientific findings in the same context, and the tool developed by FIOCRUZ made it possible to understand the relationship between education and work. training Masters Master s Institute 9 20132020, 20132020 2013 2020, 2020 2013-2020 5 software crosssectional cross sectional crosstabulation tabulation analysis themes program/course programcourse course expectations respondents female 3140 31 40 31-4 years nurses selfdeclared self declared brownskinned, brownskinned brown skinned, skinned brown-skinned disability Pernambuco system life prestigerecognition prestige recognition colleagues lives context work 2013202 201 202 2013-202 314 3 4 31- 201320 20 2013-20 20132 2 2013-2 2013-

ABSTRACT This article presents the profile of graduates, the effects of training, and the professional trajectory of the Professional Master’s Course in Public Health graduates at the Aggeu Magalhaes Institute. Of the 99 invited graduates who completed the program between 2013-2020, 54 responded to a questionnaire applied through the Lime Survey software. The descriptive and cross-sectional study used absolute and relative frequency cross-tabulation variables in the analysis, with the instrument covering the following themes: identification of the graduate and program/course; professional activity before and at the end of the program and expectations; current employment status and formation effects; evaluation of the formative trajectory. Among the respondents, most are female, aged between 31-40 years, trained as nurses, self-declared as black or brown-skinned, not having a disability, predominantly residing in Pernambuco, and did not enter through a quota system. As an effect on their professional life, it was found that the program increased prestige/recognition among colleagues, qualified them for activities they were already performing and also different activities, and brought salary increases leading to changes in personal and professional lives. The results are consistent with scientific findings in the same context, and the tool developed by FIOCRUZ made it possible to understand the relationship between education and work.

RESUMO Este artigo apresenta perfil dos egressos, efeitos da formação e trajetória profissional dos concluintes do Curso de Mestrado Profissional em Saúde Pública, do Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, parte de pesquisa avaliativa em desenvolvimento. Dos 99 egressos convidados que concluíram seus cursos entre 2013-2020, 54 responderam a um questionário aplicado por meio do software Lime Survey. O estudo descritivo e transversal utilizou frequência absoluta e relativa e cruzamento de variáveis na análise, cujo instrumento constou dos temas: identificação do egresso e do programa/curso; atividade profissional antes e ao término do curso e expectativas; condição empregatícia atual e efeitos da formação; avaliação da trajetória formativa. Entre os respondentes, a maioria é do sexo feminino, com idade entre 31-40 anos, enfermeiros de formação, autodeclarados pretos ou pardos, não ser pessoa com deficiência, predominantemente residentes em Pernambuco e não ingressaram mediante cota. Como efeito na vida profissional, encontrou-se que o curso aumentou o prestígio/reconhecimento dos colegas, qualificou para atividades que já exerciam e para atividades diferentes, e trouxe ganhos de remuneração, proporcionando mudanças na vida pessoal e profissional. Os resultados estão em conformidade com achados científicos desse mesmo contexto, e a ferramenta desenvolvida pela Fiocruz permitiu conhecer a relação entre formação e trabalho.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the use of microalgae meal (Aurantiochytrium sp. and Nannochloropsis spp.) as a substitute for fish oil in the diet of shrimp Penaeus vannamei reared in a clear water system. In the diet of these animals, the concentration of fish oil decreased as microalgae meal was inserted, and these were used in five different substitutions: 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100%. The treatments were carried out in triplicate, and after 49 days of cultivation, the zootechnical parameters and the composition of fatty acids in the animals’ muscles were analyzed. In zootechnical performance, the shrimp obtained an average final weight of 16.59 ± 0.3 g, and the growth was approximately 1.89 ± 0.30 g week−1. In addition, feed conversion was, on average, 1.47 ± 0.28, and survival was greater than 97%. However, no significant difference was observed in these parameters. Regardless of the levels of fish oil replacement by microalgae meal, the composition of fatty acids in the shrimp muscle was ensured, as well as their quantity within groups, such as n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Thus, with the results obtained in the present study, it is suggested that it is possible to formulate a high-performance diet without any ingredients of marine origin (fish oil or fish meal), contributing to aquaculture's sustainability.

Abstract In Brazil, lima bean is mainly grown in the Northeast region, where it is widely consumed and is of major economic importance. We evaluated different Phaseolus lunatus accessions from the Northeast of Brazil using agromorphological markers and CMA/DAPI fluorochrome banding techniques. All the accessions showed CMA+ blocks of pericentromeric constitutive heterochromatin (CH). At least one pair of CMA++ terminal marks corresponds to the nucleolus organizer region (NORs). Characterization of the seeds suggests that the two Andean and Mesoamerican Phaseolus cultigroups are represented in the Brazilian germplasm analyzed. Most of them belong to the "Big Lima" group. Characterization studies of lima bean germplasm are important for increasing knowledge of the diversity and variability of the species and for generating useful information for breeding and conservation of this economically important legume. importance CMADAPI CMA DAPI techniques CH. CH . (CH) NORs. NORs (NORs) analyzed Big Lima group legume (CH (NORs

Abstract Objective The present in vitro study incorporated niobium oxyhydroxide fillers into an experimental high-viscosity bulk-fill resin composite to improve its mechanical performance and provide it a bioactive potential. Methodology Scanning electron microscopy synthesized and characterized 0.5% niobium oxyhydroxide fillers, demonstrating a homogeneous morphology that represented a reinforcement for the feature. Fillers were weighed, gradually added to the experimental resin composite, and homogenized for one minute, forming three groups: BF (experimental high-viscosity bulk-fill resin composite; control), BF0.5 (experimental high-viscosity bulk-fill resin composite modified with 0.5% niobium oxyhydroxide fillers), and BFC (commercial bulk-fill resin composite Beautifil Bulk U, Shofu; positive control). In total, 10 specimens/groups (8 × 2 × 2 mm) underwent flexural strength (FS) tests in a universal testing machine (Instron) (500N). Resin composites were also assessed for Knoop hardness (KH), depth of cure (DoC), degree of conversion (DC), elastic modulus (E), and degree of color change (ΔE). The bioactive potential of the developed resin composite was evaluated after immersing the specimens into a simulated body fluid in vitro solution and assessing them using a Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscope with an attenuated total reflectance accessory. One-way ANOVA, followed by the Tukey’s test (p<0.05), determined FS, DC, KH, and ΔE. For DoC, ANOVA was performed, which demonstrated no significant difference between groups (p<0.05). Conclusions The high-viscosity bulk-fill resin composite with 0.5% niobium oxyhydroxide fillers showed promising outcomes as reinforcement agents and performed well for bioactive potential, although less predictable than the commercial resin composite with Giomer technology. highviscosity high viscosity bulkfill bulk fill 05 0 5 0.5 feature weighed minute control, control , control) BF05 BF0 BF0. fillers) U Shofu control. . 1 specimensgroups 8 ( mm FS (FS Instron (Instron 500N. 500N N (500N) KH (KH) DoC (DoC) DC (DC) E, E (E) ΔE (ΔE) Fouriertransformed Fourier transformed accessory Oneway One way Tukeys Tukey s p<0.05, p005 p p<0.05 (p<0.05) p<0.05. technology 0. (500N (KH (DoC (DC (E (ΔE p00 p<0.0 (p<0.05 p0 p<0. (p<0.0 p<0 (p<0. p< (p<0 (p< (p

ABSTRACT This experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of organic acids on the intestinal integrity and productive performance of broiler chickens experimentally inoculated with Salmonella Enteritidis. Additionally, Salmonella colonization levels in internal organs were evaluated. The study included 576 one-day-old CobbTM male broilers, distributed into eight treatment groups and six replicates. A completely randomized experimental design (encapsulated butyric acid × inoculation by Salmonella Enteritidis) was used. Poultry was orally inoculated with Salmonella Enteritidis in the first day (0 or 2.0 × 106 CFU/mL) and after 22 days of age (0 or 1.0 × 109 CFU/ mL). The butyric acid was added to the feed in different concentration (treatments 0.03, 0.075, and 0.15%), and the chickens were raised up to 42 days old. Encapsulated butyric acid at 0.03% increased the body weight gain and the average weight of the chickens up to 21 days old. After 14 days old, the butyric acid had a positive effect on jejunum villus. Encapsulated butyric acid at 0.03% in feed improves the performance and intestinal integrity of chickens. Additionally evaluated 57 onedayold one old broilers replicates encapsulated used 0 ( 20 2 2. 10 CFU/mL CFUmL CFU mL 1 1. mL. . mL) treatments 003 03 0.03 0075 075 0.075 0.15%, 015 0.15% , 15 0.15%) 4 villus 5 00 0.0 007 07 0.07 01 0.15 0. 0.1

ABSTRACT Despite being subject to lower AIDS-related mortality rates and having a higher life expectancy, patients with HIV are more prone to develop non-AIDS events. A low CD4+/CD8+ ratio during antiretroviral therapy identifies people with heightened immune senescence and increased risk of mortality. In clinical practice, finding determinants of a low CD4+/CD8+ ratio may be useful for identifying patients who require close monitoring due to an increased risk of comorbidities and death. We performed a prospective study on the evolution of the CD4+/CD8+ ratio in 60 patients infected with HIV (80% males), who were subjected to two different antiretroviral regimens: early and deferred therapy. The initial CD4+/CD8+ ratio was ≤1 for 70% of the patients in both groups. Older age, CD4+ cell count at inclusion, Nadir CD8+T-cell count, and Initial CD4+/CD8+ ratio ≤ 1 were risk factors for lack of ratio recovery. In the multivariate analysis, a CD4+/CD8+ ratio > 1 at the start of the treatment was found to be a determinant factor in maintaining a CD4+/CD8+ ratio > 1. The nadir CD4+T-cell count was lower in the deferred therapy group (p=0.004), and the last CD4+/CD8+ ratio ≤1 was not associated with comorbidities. Ratio recovery was not associated with the duration of HIV infection, time without therapy, or absence of AIDS incidence. A greater improvement was observed in patients treated early (p=0.003). In contrast, the slope of increase was slower in patients who deferred treatment. In conclusion, the increase in the CD4+/CD8+ ratio occurred mostly for patients undergoing early strategy treatment and its extension did not seem to be related to previous HIV-related factors. AIDSrelated expectancy nonAIDS non events CD4CD8 CDCD CD4 CD8 CD CD4+/CD8 practice death 6 80% 80 (80 males, males , males) regimens 70 groups age inclusion CD8+Tcell CD8Tcell CDTcell CD8+T T analysis CD4+Tcell CD4Tcell CD4+T p=0.004, p0004 p p=0.004 0 004 (p=0.004) infection incidence p=0.003. p0003 p=0.003 . 003 (p=0.003) contrast conclusion HIVrelated CD4CD CD4+/CD 8 (8 7 Tcell CD8T CDT CD4T p000 p=0.00 00 (p=0.004 (p=0.003 ( p00 p=0.0 (p=0.00 p0 p=0. (p=0.0 p=0 (p=0. p= (p=0 (p= (p

ABSTRACT Purpose To evaluate the immediate effect of the inspiratory exercise with a booster and a respiratory exerciser on the voice of women without vocal complaints. Methods 25 women with no vocal complaints, between 18 and 34 years old, with a score of 1 on the Vocal Disorder Screening Index (ITDV) participated. Data collection was performed before and after performing the inspiratory exercise and consisted of recording the sustained vowel /a/, connected speech and maximum phonatory times (MPT) of vowels, fricative phonemes and counting numbers. In the auditory-perceptual judgment, the Vocal Deviation Scale (VSD) was used to verify the general degree of vocal deviation. Acoustic evaluation was performed using the PRAAT software and the parameters fundamental frequency (f0), jitter, shimmer, harmonium-to-noise ratio (HNR), Cepstral Peak Prominence Smoothed (CPPS), Acoustic Voice Quality Index (AVQI) and Acoustic Breathiness Index (ABI). To measure the aerodynamic measurements, the time of each emission was extracted in the Audacity program. Data were statistically analyzed using the Statistica for Windows software and normality was tested using the Shapiro-Wilk test. To compare the results, Student's and Wilcoxon's t tests were applied, adopting a significance level of 5%. Results There were no significant differences between the results of the JPA and the acoustic measures, in the pre and post inspiratory exercise moments. As for the aerodynamic measures, it was possible to observe a significant increase in the value of the TMF /s/ (p=0.008). Conclusion There was no change in vocal quality after the inspiratory exercise with stimulator and respiratory exerciser, but an increase in the MPT of the phoneme /s/ was observed after the exercise. complaints 2 3 old ITDV (ITDV participated /a/ (MPT vowels numbers auditoryperceptual auditory perceptual judgment VSD (VSD deviation f0, f0 f , (f0) jitter shimmer harmoniumtonoise harmonium noise HNR, HNR (HNR) CPPS, CPPS (CPPS) AVQI (AVQI ABI. ABI . (ABI) measurements program ShapiroWilk Shapiro Wilk test Students Student s Wilcoxons Wilcoxon applied 5 5% measures moments /s p=0.008. p0008 p p=0.008 0 008 (p=0.008) /a (f0 (HNR (CPPS (ABI p000 p=0.00 00 (p=0.008 (f p00 p=0.0 (p=0.00 p0 p=0. (p=0.0 p=0 (p=0. p= (p=0 (p= (p

RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar o efeito imediato do exercício inspiratório com incentivador e exercitador respiratório na voz de mulheres sem queixas vocais. Método Participaram 25 mulheres sem queixas vocais, entre 18 e 34 anos, com pontuação 1 no Índice de Triagem para Distúrbio Vocal (ITDV). A coleta de dados foi realizada nos momentos antes e após realização de exercício inspiratório e consistiu na gravação de vogal sustentada /a/, fala encadeada e tempos máximos fonatórios (TMF) de vogais, fonemas fricativos e contagem de números. No julgamento perceptivo-auditivo foi utilizada a Escala de Desvio Vocal (EDV) para verificar o grau geral do desvio vocal. Avaliação acústica foi feita no software PRAAT e foram extraídos os parâmetros frequência fundamental (f0), jitter, shimmer, proporção harmônico -ruído (HNR), Cepstral Peak Prominence Smoothed (CPPS), Acoustic Voice Quality Index (AVQI) e Acoustic Breathiness Index (ABI). Para mensuração das medidas aerodinâmicas, o tempo de emissão foi extraído no programa Audacity. Para comparar os resultados utilizou-se o teste paramétrico t de Student para amostras dependentes na análise das variáveis com distribuição normal e o teste de Wilcoxon para variáveis com distribuição não normal. Resultados Não houve diferenças entre os resultados do JPA e das medidas acústicas, nos momentos pré e pós exercício inspiratório. Quanto às medidas aerodinâmicas foi possível observar aumento significativo no valor do TMF /s/ (p=0,008). Conclusão Não houve modificação na qualidade vocal após o exercício inspiratório com incentivador e exercitador respiratório, porém foi observado aumento do TMF do fonema /s/ após a realização do exercício. vocais 2 3 anos ITDV. ITDV . (ITDV) /a/ (TMF vogais números perceptivoauditivo perceptivo auditivo EDV (EDV f0, f0 f , (f0) jitter shimmer ruído HNR, HNR (HNR) CPPS, CPPS (CPPS) AVQI (AVQI ABI. ABI (ABI) Audacity utilizouse utilizou se acústicas s /s p=0,008. p0008 p p=0,008 0 008 (p=0,008) (ITDV /a (f0 (HNR (CPPS (ABI p000 p=0,00 00 (p=0,008 (f p00 p=0,0 (p=0,00 p0 p=0, (p=0,0 p=0 (p=0, p= (p=0 (p= (p

BACKGROUND Leishmania tarentolae is a non-pathogenic species found in lizards representing an important model for Leishmania biology. However, several aspects of this Sauroleishmania remain unknown to explain its low level of virulence. OBJECTIVES We reported several aspects of L. tarentolae biology including glycoconjugates, proteolytic activities and metabolome composition in comparison to pathogenic species (Leishmania amazonensis, Leishmania braziliensis, Leishmania infantum and Leishmania major). METHODS Parasites were cultured for extraction and purification of lipophosphoglycan (LPG), immunofluorescence probing with anti-gp63 and resistance against complement. Parasite extracts were also tested for proteases activity and metabolome composition. FINDINGS Leishmania tarentolae does not express LPG on its surface. It expresses gp63 at lower levels compared to pathogenic species and, is highly sensitive to complement-mediated lysis. This species also lacks intracellular/extracellular activities of proteolytic enzymes. It has metabolic differences with pathogenic species, exhibiting a lower abundance of metabolites including ABC transporters, biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids and steroids, TCA cycle, glycine/serine/threonine metabolism, glyoxylate/dicarboxylate metabolism and pentose-phosphate pathways. MAIN CONCLUSIONS The non-pathogenic phenotype of L. tarentolae is associated with alterations in several biochemical and molecular features. This reinforces the need of comparative studies between pathogenic and non-pathogenic species to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of virulence during host-parasite interactions. nonpathogenic non However L glycoconjugates amazonensis braziliensis major. major . major) LPG, , (LPG) antigp63 antigp anti gp anti-gp6 complement surface gp6 complementmediated mediated lysis intracellularextracellular intracellular extracellular enzymes transporters steroids cycle glycineserinethreonine glycine serine threonine glyoxylatedicarboxylate glyoxylate dicarboxylate pentosephosphate pentose phosphate pathways features hostparasite host parasite interactions (LPG antigp6 anti-gp

Resumen Los procesos administrativos de reconocimiento de tierras indígenas (TI) en Brasil pueden tardar décadas en llegar a su fin. Los pueblos indígenas que viven en TI cuyo proceso de reconocimiento aún no se finalizó son más vulnerables a una serie de violaciones de derechos, lo que hace urgente su conclusión. Este artículo pretende dar respuesta a la siguiente pregunta: ¿por qué algunos procesos de demarcación demoran más que otros? En primer lugar, enumeramos cinco condiciones encontradas en la literatura sobre la demarcación de tierras indígenas que pueden atrasar dichos procesos. A continuación, aplicamos el método de análisis cualitativo comparativo (QCA), en su modo crisp set, a un conjunto de cuarenta casos de demarcaciones de TI. Presentamos dos conclusiones: que la presencia de intereses económicos es una condición importante para explicar el largo tiempo de algunos procesos de demarcación, pero no es necesaria ni suficiente, y que la conjunción de este factor con la judicialización del proceso de demarcación explica la mayoría de los casos de demarcaciones de larga duración. (TI fin derechos conclusión pregunta por otros lugar continuación QCA, QCA , (QCA) set conclusiones suficiente duración (QCA

Abstract The administrative processes of recognizing Indigenous Lands (ILs) in Brazil can take decades to complete. Indigenous peoples who live in unrecognized ILs are more vulnerable to a series of rights violations, which makes the completion of demarcation processes urgent. This article aims to answer the following question: why do some demarcation processes take longer than others? We listed five conditions found in the literature on the demarcation of indigenous lands that can delay them. Next, we applied the qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) method in its crisp set mode to 40 cases of IL demarcation. We present two conclusions: the presence of economic interests is an important condition to explain the long duration of some demarcation processes, but it is neither necessary nor sufficient, and the conjunction of this factor with the judicialization of the demarcation process explains most cases of long-term demarcations. (ILs complete violations urgent question others them Next QCA (QCA 4 conclusions sufficient longterm term demarcations

Resumo Os processos administrativos de reconhecimento de terras indígenas (TIs) no Brasil podem levar décadas para chegar a termo. Povos indígenas que habitam em TIs não reconhecidas em caráter final são mais vulneráveis a uma série de violações de direitos, o que torna premente sua conclusão. O presente artigo pretende oferecer uma resposta à seguinte pergunta: por que alguns processos demarcatórios demoram mais que outros? Primeiramente, arrolamos cinco condições constantes da literatura sobre demarcação de terras indígenas que podem postergá-las. Na sequência, aplicamos o método qualitative comparative analysis (QCA), em sua modalidade crisp set, a um conjunto de quarenta casos de demarcações de TIs. Apresentamos duas conclusões: que a presença de interesses econômicos é uma condição importante para explicar o longo tempo de alguns processos demarcatórios, mas não é necessária nem suficiente, e que a conjunção desse fator com a judicialização do processo demarcatório explica a maioria dos casos de demarcações de longa duração. (TIs termo direitos conclusão pergunta outros Primeiramente postergálas. postergálas postergá las. las postergá-las sequência QCA, QCA , (QCA) set conclusões suficiente duração (QCA

ABSTRACT This study used a pedigree analysis to monitor trends in the genetic structure of the Mangalarga breed and identify factors that could impact its genetic variability. For this, genealogical information was used from the Associação Brasileira dos Criadores de Cavalo da Raça Mangalarga, considering as total population (TP) the animals born between 1919 and 2018 (n = 206,426) and as reference population (RP) those born between 2009 and 2018 (n = 20,539), which is the most recent generation according to the average generation interval calculated for the breed of 9.37 years. We evaluated the number of male and female births per year, foals produced by Mangalarga breeding animals, using the ENDOG 4.8, generation interval, proportion of known ancestors per parental generation, number of equivalent generations known per animal, inbreeding coefficient, increase in inbreeding, average relatedness (AR), effective population size, effective number of founders, effective number of ancestors, and founder genome equivalent. The number of equivalent generations known per animal increased over time, reaching an average of 2.75 in TP and 4.88 in RP. The calculated F was 2.26% for TP and 5.57% for RP, while AR was 2.41% for TP and 4.10% for RP. The effective population size was 40.85 for TP and 38.89 for RP. The 206,426 registered Mangalarga horses (TP) were derived from the genetic contribution of 9,011 founders and 8,908 ancestors, whereas those registered in or after 2009 (RP) originated from 2,662 founders and 2,193 ancestors. The effective number of founders represented 1.11 and 1.35% of the total number of founders in TP and RP, respectively. For RP, 11 animals accounted for 29.21% of the genetic pool of the breed. The analysis of population parameters estimated in the present study indicates that the Mangalarga horse population was formed through uneven contributions from founders and ancestors; therefore, genetic management of the breed is required to restrict average inbreeding from increasing over generations. variability this (TP 191 201 n 206426 206 426 RP (RP 200 20,539, 20539 20,539 , 20 539 20,539) 937 9 37 9.3 years year 48 4 8 4.8 coefficient AR, (AR) time 275 2 75 2.7 488 88 226 26 2.26 557 5 57 5.57 241 41 2.41 410 10 4.10 4085 40 85 40.8 3889 38 89 38.8 206,42 9011 011 9,01 8908 908 8,90 2662 662 2,66 2193 193 2,19 111 1 1.1 135 35 1.35 respectively 2921 29 21 29.21 therefore 19 20642 42 2053 20,53 53 93 3 9. 4. (AR 27 7 2. 22 2.2 55 5.5 24 2.4 4.1 408 40. 388 38. 206,4 901 01 9,0 890 90 8,9 266 66 2,6 219 2,1 1. 13 1.3 292 29.2 2064 205 20,5 5. 206, 0 9, 8, 6 2, 29. 20,

Resumo Estudos acerca do consentimento informado de paciente no âmbito da odontologia são escassos e apresentam divergências, evidenciando a necessidade de aprofundar o conhecimento sobre definições, dinâmica, atos normativos, jurisprudência e limites de responsabilidade diante de fatores diversos e riscos inerentes à profissão. Por meio de revisão bibliográfica que incluiu estudos indexados nas bases de dados SciELO e LILACS, bem como livros-texto, buscou-se definir o que se entende por consentimento livre e esclarecido do paciente, distinguir diferentes tipos e destacar a denominada “escolha esclarecida”, considerando que a atividade do cirurgião-dentista é classificada como serviço e é regulamentada pela Constituição Federal de 1988, Código de Defesa do Consumidor, Código Civil e leis especiais. Diante disso, busca-se verificar se é possível melhorar a obtenção do consentimento informado do paciente, transformando-a em processo de escolha esclarecida que considere tratamentos adequadamente indicados cuja finalidade principal é a saúde. divergências definições dinâmica normativos profissão LILACS livrostexto, livrostexto livros texto, texto livros-texto buscouse buscou esclarecida, , esclarecida” cirurgiãodentista cirurgião dentista 1988 Consumidor especiais disso buscase busca transformandoa transformando saúde 198 19 1

Abstract Studies on informed patient consent in the field of dentistry are scarce and present divergences, highlighting the need to deepen knowledge about definitions, dynamics, normative acts, case law and limits of responsibility in the face of diverse factors and risks inherent to the profession. From a bibliographic review that included studies indexed in the SciELO and LILACS databases, as well as textbooks, this study aimed to define what is meant by a patient’s free and informed consent, distinguish different types and highlight the so-called “informed choice,” considering that the activity of the dental surgeon is classified as a service and is regulated by the 1988 Federal Constitution of Brazil, the Consumer Defense Code, the Civil Code and special laws. The aim is to see if it is possible to improve the process of obtaining informed consent from patients, transforming it into a process of informed choice that takes into account appropriately indicated treatments whose main purpose is health. divergences definitions dynamics acts profession databases textbooks patients s socalled so called choice, 198 Brazil laws health 19 1

Resumen Los estudios del consentimiento informado del paciente en odontología son escasos y presentan divergencias, lo que revela la necesidad de profundizar en el conocimiento en definiciones, dinámicas, actos normativos, jurisprudencia y límites de responsabilidad frente a diversos factores y riesgos relacionados a la profesión. A partir de una revisión bibliográfica en las bases de datos SciELO y LILACS, y en libros, se buscó definir qué se entiende por consentimiento informado del paciente, distinguir diferentes tipos e identificar la llamada “decisión aclarada”, considerando que la actividad del cirujano dental está clasificada como un servicio y reglamentada por la Constitución Federal de 1988, el Código de Defensa del Consumidor, el Código Civil y leyes especiales. Se busca identificar si es posible mejorar el consentimiento informado al convertirlo en un proceso de obtención de decisión aclarada que considere adecuadamente los tratamientos cuya principal finalidad sea la salud. divergencias definiciones dinámicas normativos profesión LILACS libros aclarada, , aclarada” 1988 Consumidor especiales salud 198 19 1