RESUMO: A presença de plantas daninhas nos campos é uma preocupação dos agricultores, devido à competição com culturas comerciais, causando perdas em produtividade. A consorciação do milho com leguminosas de adubação verde propicia controle das plantas daninhas; após a senescência, os nutrientes acumulados pelas plantas são liberados, reciclando nutrientes. O estudo das espécies vegetais e sua diversidade é chamado de fitossociologia. Este trabalho objetivou avaliar o acúmulo de fitomassa do consórcio milho com leguminosas e plantas daninhas, bem como a ciclagem de nutrientes e a fitossociologia das infestantes. O experimento consistiu na consorciação de milho com as leguminosas de adubação verde: feijão-de-porco, feijão-bravo-do-ceará, mucuna-preta, lablab e guandu, além da testemunha (milho solteiro), todas sem controles químicos ou mecânicos de plantas daninhas. Semeou-se milho nas parcelas, e as leguminosas foram semeadas 64 dias após. O milho foi colhido aos 120 dias, e as leguminosas, aos 144 dias. As plantas daninhas foram amostradas aos 84 e 144 dias. Determinou-se acúmulo de fitomassa seca, o conteúdo de nutrientes dos componentes do consórcio e a fitossociologia das plantas daninhas. O acúmulo de fitomassa pelo milho não foi afetado pelo consórcio com adubos verdes. O consórcio com mucuna-preta acumulou maior fitomassa seca e suprimiu as plantas daninhas. O feijão-de-porco acumulou matéria seca, mas suprimiu pouco as plantas daninhas. A consorciação alterou a diversidade das plantas daninhas. Panicum maximum, Commelina nudiflora, Commelina benghalensis, Leonotis nepetaefolia, Melampodium divaricatum se destacaram por apresentar altos valores dos índices fitossociológicos e pelo potencial na reciclagem de nutrientes.

ABSTRACT: The presence of weeds on fields is a concern for farmers, due to competition with the commercial crops, reducing yields. The intercropping of maize with legumes provides weed control; after senescence, the nutrients accumulated by plants are released, recycling nutrients. The study of plant species and their diversity is called phytosociology. This study aimed at evaluating the accumulation of dry phytomass by maize intercropped with legumes and weeds species, and at evaluating nutrient cycling and the phytosociology of weeds. The experiment consisted of maize intercropped with legumes cover crops: jack-beans, Brazilian jack-beans, velvet bean, lablab-beans, and pigeon pea, and the control treatment (maize without intercrop), all without chemical or mechanical weed control. Maize was sown in the plots, and legumes were sown 64 days after maize. Maize was harvested 120 days after sowing (DAS), and legumes at 144 DAS. Weeds were sampled at 84 and 144 DAS. It was possible to evaluate the accumulation of dry phytomass, the nutrient content of the intercrop components, and the phytosociology of weeds. The phytomass accumulation by maize was not affected by the intercrop with legumes. The intercrop with velvet bean accumulated higher dry phytomass and suppressed weeds. Jack beans accumulated dry mass, but did not suppress weeds. The intercropping system changed the diversity of weeds. Panicum maximum, Commelina nudiflora, Commelina benghalensis, Leonotis nepetaefolia and Melampodium divaricatum stood out by presenting higher values of phytosociological index and nutrient recycling.

Hepatitis C virus -related mixed cryoglobulinemia is a recognised entity. Renal and pulmonary involvements are severe potential complications of this disease. Alveolar haemorrhage is a form of pulmonary complication. The clinical features of the alveolar haemorrhage can mimic other pulmonary diseases. We present three patients with hepatitis C virus-related mixed cryoglobulinemia associated to pulmonary symptoms that turned to be caused by an alveolar haemorrhage. The first patient was a 71-year old woman that was admitted because of hemoptysis and severe dyspnea that required mechanical ventilation. Although a pneumonia was the initial diagnoses, an alveolar haemorrhage was soon suspected based on the persistence of the pulmonary radiological infiltrates despite an adequate empirical antibiotic treatment and the presence of a progressive anemization. A fibrobronchoscopy, performed 48 hours after treatment was begun, revealed the presence of a 6% of hemosiderophages. The second patient was a 64 years old woman admitted because of dyspnea, vasculitic cutaneous lesions in gluteus and kidney failure. A severe pneumonia was suspected, antibiotic treatment was started and again the patient needed mechanical ventilation. The fibrobronchoscopy demonstrated the existence of a 60% of hemosiderophages. The third case describes a 67 year old woman that complained of fever, dyspnea and right chest pain. Similarly to the previous cases a severe pneumonia was the initial diagnoses, the patient needed to be transferred to the intensive care unit and mechanical ventilation was finally required. The fibrobronchoscopy showed remains of blood suggestive of an alveolar haemorrhage.

La crioglobulinemia mixta asociada a virus de la hepatitis C es una entidad reconocida. Entre sus complicaciones destacan la afectación renal y pulmonar. La hemorragia alveolar es una de las formas más graves de afectación pulmonar. Su forma de presentación puede simular otro tipo de patologías. Presentamos tres casos de crioglobulinemia asociada a virus C cuyo diagnóstico final fue de hemorragia alveolar. El primer caso corresponde a una mujer de 71 años que ingresó por disnea y hemoptisis, precisando IOT y VM. Inicialmente se orientó como neumonía y ante una caída de la hemoglobina y persistencia de infiltrados radiológicos se sospechó hemorragia alveolar. Se realizó fibrobroncoscopia a las 48 horas de iniciados los corticoides, que demostró la presencia de un 6% de hemosiderófagos. El segundo caso trata de una mujer de 64 años que consultó por disnea y lesiones vasculíticas en glúteos más insuficiencia renal. Se iniciaron antibióticos bajo la sospecha clínica de neumonia grave con mala evolución, requiriendo IOT y VM. La FBS demostró un 60% de hemosiderófagos. El tercer caso corresponde a una mujer de 67 años que ingresa por fiebre, disnea y dolor en hemitórax derecho. Se orientó como neumonía ingresando en UCI. Siguió una mala evolución que obligó a IOT y VM. Se practicó fibrobroncoscopia que mostró restos hemáticos sugestivos de hemorragia alveolar.