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Research to identify plant bioactive compounds led to the evolution of extraction methods. This study optimized ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) to extract the flavonoids of Croton grewioides Baill. species contributing to characterize the polar extract profile and understand the antioxidant potential of these plant constituents. The use of experimental design and statistical treatments enabled the determination of the ideal conditions for each technique. The extracts of five accessions of C. grewioides were obtained under the optimized extraction conditions and were analyzed using ultra high-resolution mass spectrometry (FT-Orbitrap MS) operating at negative ionization mode for flavonoids detection. The accurate experimental mass obtained to the main compounds was used to attribute the molecular formula. Chemical structures of the main compounds detected were proposed using structure data bases. Chemometric analysis were performed with two FT-Orbitrap MS spectra samples using the identified metabolites and, the antioxidant activity data, showing that for this species the MAE was most effective in extracting the antioxidant compounds. It was possible to propose the structures for forty compounds in the C. grewioides extracts, demonstrating the excellent performance of the FT-Orbitrap MS in providing information on the chemical profile of polar compounds in plant extracts. methods ultrasoundassisted ultrasound assisted UAE (UAE microwaveassisted microwave (MAE Baill constituents technique C highresolution high resolution FTOrbitrap FT Orbitrap detection formula bases

https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20230004

Changes On Soil Microbiota Induced By The Use Of Commercial Products And The Incorporation Of Plant Materials
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Borges, Darlan F.

; Nogueira, Geovane de A.

; Cruz, Gisellya de A.

; Silva, Shamyra G. de A.

; da Silva, Washington L.

; Ambrósio, Márcia M. de Q.

Revista Caatinga

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jun 2023, Volume 36 N. 2 Pages 300 - 309

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

ABSTRACT Growers have adopted monoculture to maintain the high melon (Cucumis melo L.) production demand in the Northeastern region of Brazil. This cultivating practice culminates in up to three crop cycles per year being used in the same growing area. The main objective of this study was to evaluate if the incorporation of plant material used with polyethylene mulch and or in association with commercial soil amendment products can help to condition an environment that is beneficial to soil microbial communities. Two identical greenhouse experiments were conducted using a completely randomized design with seven treatments and seven replications. The treatments were: (C) – Control, (M) - polyethylene mulch, (C+M) - incorporation of Crotalaria juncea L. + polyethylene mulch, (P+M) - incorporation of Pennisetum glaucum L. + polyethylene mulch, (M+CS) - polyethylene mulch + (Compost-Aid® + Soil-Set®, trade names of products produced by Alltech Crop Science), (C+M+CS) - incorporation of C. juncea L. + polyethylene mulch + (Compost-Aid® + Soil-Set®), and (P+M+CS) - incorporation of P. glaucum L. + polyethylene mulch + (Compost-Aid® + Soil-Set®). To quantify the target soil microbiota (fungi, bacteria, sporulating bacteria, and actinomycetes), isolations were attempted on selective culture media specific for each group of microorganisms. The incorporation of P. glaucum together with the use of polyethylene mulch and commercial products (Compost-Aid® and Soil-Set®), (P+M+CS), increased the total fungal population by 183%, total bacteria by 55%, sporulating bacteria by 21%, and actinomycetes by 146% in relation to the control treatment.

RESUMO Os produtores há anos adotam a monocultura para manter a demanda de produção de melão alto (Cucumis melo L.) na região Nordeste do Brasil. Esta estratégia de cultivo é usada em até três ciclos por ano. O objetivo principal deste estudo foi avaliar se a incorporação de material vegetal utilizado com mulch de polietileno e/ou em associação com produtos corretivos de solo pode condicionar um ambiente benéfico para as comunidades microbianas do solo. Dois experimentos idênticos em casa de vegetação foram conduzidos em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com sete tratamentos e sete repetições. Os tratamentos foram: (C) – Controle, (M) - cobertura de polietileno, (C+M) - incorporação de Crotalaria juncea L. + cobertura de polietileno, (P+M) - incorporação de Pennisetum glaucum L. + cobertura de polietileno, (M+CS) - cobertura de polietileno + (Compost-Aid® + Soil-Set®, nomes comerciais dos produtos produzidos pela Alltech Crop Science), (C+M+CS) - incorporação de C. juncea L. + cobertura de polietileno + (Compost-Aid® + Soil-Set®) e (P+M+CS) - incorporação de P. glaucum L. + cobertura de polietileno + (Compost-Aid® + Soil-Set®). Para quantificar a microbiota do solo (fungos, bactérias, bactérias esporulantes e actinomicetos), foram realizados isolamentos em meios de cultura seletivos para cada grupo de microrganismos. Conclui-se que, coletivamente, a incorporação de P. glaucum juntamente com o uso de mulch de polietileno e os produtos comerciais (Compost-Aid® e Soil-Set®), aumentou a população total de fungos em 183%, bactérias totais em 55%, bactérias esporulantes em 21% e actinomicetos em 146% em relação ao tratamento controle.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252023v36n207rc

Resistance determinants of emerging pathogens isolated from an intensive care unit as a parameter of population health conditions of the Legal Amazon microregion
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Deusdará, T. T.

; Felix, M. K. C.

; Brito, H. S.

; Ribeiro, D. R.

; Cangussu, E. W. S.

; Albuquerque, B.

; Santos, G. R.

; Chaves, J. R.

; Carvalho, W. C. R.

; Astolfi-Filho, S.

; Assunção, E. N.

; Mariúba, L. A. M.

; Nogueira, P. A.

; Viana, K. F.

; Brandi, I. V.

; Cangussu, A. S. R.

Brazilian Journal of Biology

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2023, Volume 83 elocation e269778

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

Abstract Bacteria responsible for causing infections are common in hospital environments, water, soil, and food products. The infection risk is intensified by the absence of public sanitation, poor quality of life, and food scarcity. These external factors promote the dissemination of pathogens by direct contamination or biofilm formation. In this work, we identified bacterial isolates obtained from intensive care units in the southern region of Tocantins, Brazil. We compared matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) techniques and 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) molecular analysis; we also performed phenotypic characterization. Fifty-six isolates characterized using morphotinctorial tests were classified as gram-positive (80.4%; n = 45) and gram-negative (19.6%; n = 11) and were resistant to several antibiotic classes; notably, we identified the blaOXA-23 resistance gene in the ILH10 isolate. Microbial identification using MALDI-TOF MS resulted in the identification of Sphingomonas paucimobilis and Bacillus circulans. 16S rRNA sequencing revealed four isolates belonging to the genera Bacillus and Acinetobacter. The similarity was superior to 99% for Acinetobacter schindleri in the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST), grouped in the clade superior to 90%. Several strains isolated from intensive care units (ICU) were resistant to various antibiotic classes. These techniques allowed for the identification of several microorganisms of importance in public health, enabling improvements in human infection control and proving the quality of inputs, food, and water.

Resumo As bactérias responsáveis por causar infecções são comuns em ambientes hospitalares, água, solo e produtos alimentícios. O risco de infecção é intensificado pela ausência de saneamento público, má qualidade de vida e escassez de alimentos. Esses fatores externos promovem a disseminação de patógenos por contaminação direta ou formação de biofilme. Neste trabalho, identificamos isolados bacterianos obtidos de unidades de terapia intensiva na região sul do Tocantins, Brasil. Comparamos técnicas de espectrometria de massa de tempo de voo com ionização por dessorção a laser assistida por matriz (MALDI-TOF MS) e análise molecular de ácido ribonucleico ribossômico 16S (rRNA); também realizamos caracterização fenotípica. Cinquenta e seis isolados caracterizados por testes morfotintoriais foram classificados como gram-positivos (80,3%; n = 45) e gram-negativos (19,6%; n = 11) e foram resistentes a várias classes de antibióticos; notavelmente, identificamos o gene de resistência blaOXA-23 no isolado de ILH10. A identificação microbiana usando MALDI-TOF MS resultou na identificação de Sphingomonas paucimobilis e Bacillus circulans. O sequenciamento do 16S rRNA revelou quatro isolados pertencentes aos gêneros Bacillus e Acinetobacter. A similaridade foi superior a 99% para Acinetobacter schindleri no BLAST, agrupado no clado superior a 90%. Várias cepas isoladas de ICU foram resistentes a várias classes de antibióticos. Essas técnicas permitiram a identificação de diversos microrganismos de importância em saúde pública, possibilitando melhorias no controle de infecções humanas e comprovando a qualidade dos insumos, alimentos e água.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.269778

Facile Methods for the Assembly of Large-Area Perovskite Solar Cells and Mini-Module: A Step-by-Step Description of Layers Processing
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Araújo, Francineide L. de

; Nogueira, Ana F.

; Freitas, Jilian N. de

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

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2023, Volume 34 N. 6 Pages 794 - 808

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites have attracted interest in photovoltaic applications due to their excellent optoelectronic properties and low-temperature processability. From 2009 to 2021, lab-scale perovskite solar cells (PSC) reached a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 25.7%, and a PCE of 17.9% for perovskite solar modules with an area of 800 cm2. Here, we present an investigation using three deposition techniques, spin-coating, blade-coating, and spray-coating, to process the charge transport layers and the active layer of perovskite solar cells onto 5 cm × 5 cm sized substrates, with device structure glass/fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO)/c-TiO2/meso-TiO2+Perovskite/2,2’,7,7’-tetrakis(N,N-di-p-methoxyphenyl-amine)9,9’-spirobifluorene (spiro-OMeTAD) or poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT)/Au. Large-area PSC achieved an open-circuit voltage of around 1.1 V and PCE of 6%. The power generated was sufficient to start a fan. Furthermore, the connection in series of two large-area PSCs generated a voltage of 1.9 V. Then, we developed a simple method for manufacturing a monolithic perovskite mini-module containing two series-connected PSCs without using laser-scribing processes (usually named P1, P2, and P3 processes). This mini-module delivered a voltage of 1.52 V. Both voltages (1.9 and 1.52 V) were enough to turn on a red (or yellow) light-emitting diode (LED). To our knowledge, this is the first scientific report describing the assembly of a large-area n-i-p perovskite single cell and mini-module in Brazil.

https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20220148

Does silicon attenuate PEG 6000-induced water deficit in germination and growth initial the seedlings corn
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Sousa, L. I. S.

; Brito, A. E. A.

; Souza, L. C.

; Teixeira, K. B. S.

; Nascimento, V. R.

; Albuquerque, G. D. P.

; Oliveira Neto, C. F.

; Okumura, R. S.

; Nogueira, G. A. S.

; Freitas, J. M. N.

; Monteiro, G. G. T. N.

Brazilian Journal of Biology

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2023, Volume 83 elocation e265991

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

Abstract Water stress limits the initial growth and development of maize mass and grain, as well as the physiological process for absorbing the amount of mineral elements. The objective was to evaluate the effect of silicon on germination and growth of corn seedlings submitted to water deficit. The experiment was carried out in the laboratory and the experimental design was completely randomized (factorial 3 × 4), with three concentrations of calcium silicate (0.0; 1.0 and 2.0 mM) and 4 solutions of PEG-6000 to simulate different osmotic potentials (0, 0; -0.3; -0.6; -0.9 MPa). Germination percentage, germination speed index (GSI), mean germination time (MGT), percentage of non-germinated and abnormal germinated, length and dry matter of shoot, root and total seedlings were evaluated. Water deficiency reduced the parameters TG, GSI and MGT. The water deficit reduce the MSPA, MSR and MST with more than 80% reduction in mass from seedlings without deficiency to seedlings with deficiency. For CPA, CR and CT there was a reduction of at least 87%, 70% and 77%, respectively, among seeds without deficiency compared to seeds submitted to deficiency. The use of silicon in corn seeds did not attenuate the stress caused by water deficit simulated by PEG-6000.

Resumo O estresse hídrico limita o crescimento inicial e o desenvolvimento da massa e do grão de milho, assim como no processo fisiológico para a absorção da quantidade de elementos minerais. Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito do silício na germinação e no crescimento de plântulas de milho submetidas a deficiência hídrica. O experimento foi desenvolvido em laboratório e o delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado (DIC) (fatorial 3 × 4), sendo três concentrações de Silicato de cálcio (0,0; 1,0 e 2,0 mM) e 4 soluções de PEG-6000 a simular diferentes potenciais osmóticos (0,0; -0,3; -0,6; -0,9 MPa). Foram avaliados a porcentagem de germinação, o índice de velocidade de germinação (IVG), o tempo médio de germinação (TMG), a porcentagem de não germinadas e de germinadas anormais, o comprimento e matéria seca da parte aérea, raiz e total das plântulas. A deficiência hídrica diminuiu os parâmetros TG, IVG e TMG. O déficit hídrico reduz a MSPA, MSR e MST com mais de 80% de redução da massa das plântulas sem deficiência para as plântulas com deficiência. Para CPA, CR e CT houve redução de, no mínimo, 87%, 70% e 77%, respectivamente entre as sementes sem deficiência em comparação as sementes submetidas a deficiência. A utilização de silício em sementes de milho não atenuou o estresse causado pela deficiência hídrica simulada por PEG-6000.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.265991

Non-invasive monitoring of intracranial pressure waveforms using Braincare® BCMM 2000 monitor in dogs with myelopathies undergoing myelography
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Rocha, Nadyne L.F.C.

; Cardoso, Guilherme S.

; Nogueira, Joel F.

; Arias, Mônica V. Bahr

Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira

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2023, Volume 43 elocation e07132

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

ABSTRACT: Intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring is considered the gold standard for optimizing the treatment of humans in intensive care units. However, this procedure is not commonly performed in veterinary medicine because of the limitations and complications of the method. There are some new promising non-invasive techniques for monitoring ICP, but they have not been validated in veterinary medicine. This study aimed to correlate the non-invasive intracranial pressure (NI-ICP) waveforms obtained with the BCMM-2000 Brain4care monitor during myelography in dogs with myelopathies undergoing this exam for diagnostic purposes with the waveforms obtained through invasive monitoring of the subarachnoid pressure (SP). The NI-ICP waveform was monitored in six dogs with myelopathies before (M1), during (M2), and after (M3) contrast medium injection into the subarachnoid space. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was collected before contrast injection. The SP waveform was simultaneously monitored in three of the six dogs. Correlations between the two methods were performed using Pearson’s coefficient. The analysis of the morphology and amplitude of the waves at each moment was performed, and at M2, an increase in the P2:P1 ratio (p<0.05) was observed in both monitoring methods. In M3, the values were similar to those of M1, demonstrating the return of cerebral compliance. The comparison of the NI-ICP and SP had a positive correlation in those moments (Pearson’s coefficient r=0.76; p=0.027). The speed of contrast administration, degree of spinal cord compression, and volume of CSF previously collected may affect P2:P1 and ICP dynamics. The BCMM-2000 Brain4care monitor was effective in detecting changes in ICP dynamics and abnormal pulse waveforms in dogs with meningoencephalitis of unknown origin, vertebral neoplasm and intervertebral disc disease with and without hemorrhagic myelomalacia, suggesting increased ICP induced by myelography.

RESUMO: A monitorização da pressão intracraniana (PIC) é considerada o padrão ouro para otimizar o tratamento de humanos em unidades de terapia intensiva, entretanto, esse procedimento não é comumente realizado na medicina veterinária devido às limitações e complicações do método. Existem algumas técnicas não invasivas promissoras de monitoramento da PIC, mas elas não foram validadas na medicina veterinária. Este estudo teve como objetivo correlacionar os formatos das ondas não invasivas da PIC (NI-PIC), obtidas com o monitor BCMM-2000 Brain4care, antes e após a injeção de meio de contraste no espaço subaracnóideo de cães com mielopatias submetidos à mielografia para fins diagnósticos, com as formas de onda obtidas por meio de monitoração invasiva da pressão subaracnóidea (PS). O formato das ondas NI-PIC foram monitoradas em seis cães com mielopatias antes (M1), durante (M2) e após (M3) injeção de meio de contraste no espaço subaracnóideo. O líquido cefalorraquidiano (LCR) foi coletado antes da injeção de contraste. A forma da onda da PS foi monitorada simultaneamente em três dos seis cães. As correlações entre os dois métodos foram feitas usando o coeficiente de Pearson. Foi realizada a análise da morfologia e amplitude das ondas em cada momento, e em M2 observou-se aumento da relação P2:P1 (p<0,05) em ambos os métodos de monitoramento. Em M3, os valores foram semelhantes aos de M1, demonstrando o retorno da complacência cerebral. A comparação do NI-PIC e PS apresentou correlação positiva nesses momentos (coeficiente de Pearson r=0,76; p=0,027). A velocidade de administração do contraste, o grau de compressão da medula espinhal e o volume de LCR coletado anteriormente podem afetar a dinâmica P2:P1 e PIC. O monitor BCMM-2000 Brain4care foi eficaz na detecção de alterações na dinâmica da PIC e dos formatos das ondas de pulso anormais em cães com meningoencefalite de origem desconhecida, neoplasia vertebral e doença do disco intervertebral com e sem mielomalácia hemorrágica, sugerindo aumento da PIC induzida pela mielografia.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-7132

In silico ADMET prediction, evaluation of cytotoxicity in mouse splenocytes and preliminary evaluation of in vitro antimalarial activity of 4-(4-chlorophenyl)thiazole compounds
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SILVA, BEATRIZ R.M.G. DA

; BEZERRA JÚNIOR, NATANAEL DA SILVA

; OLIVEIRA, JAMERSON F. DE

; DUARTE, DENISE MARIA F.A.

; MARQUES, DIEGO S.C.

; NOGUEIRA, FÁTIMA

; LIMA, MARIA CARMO A. DE

; CRUZ FILHO, IRANILDO JOSÉ DA

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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2023, Volume 95 Suppl. 2 elocation e20230566

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract In this work, an in silico study and evaluation of the cytotoxicity of 4-(4-chlorophenyl)thiazole compounds against mouse splenocytes and the chloroquine-sensitive Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 strain are reported. The in silico results showed that the compounds have important pharmacokinetic properties for compounds with potential drug candidates. Regarding cytotoxicity assays against splenocytes, the compounds have low cytotoxicity. In addition, they were able to promote activation of these cells by increasing nitric oxide production without promoting cell death. Finally, they were able to promote cell proliferation. Regarding the in vitro anti-P. falciparum activity assays, it was observed that the compounds were able to inhibit the parasite’s growth, presenting IC50 values ranging from 0.79 to greater than 10 µM. These results are promising when compared to chloroquine. Therefore, this study showed that 4-(4-chlorophenyl)thiazole compounds are promising candidates for antimalarials.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202320230566

Scientific diving in Brazil: history, present and perspectives
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Leite, Tatiana S.

; Pinheiro, Igor E.

; Berchez, Flávio

; Bertoncini, Áthila A.

; Cima, Oswaldo M. Del

; Demetrescu, Irene E.

; Francini-Filho, Ronaldo B.

; Kikuchi, Ruy K.P

; Machado, Arthur A.

; Maia-Nogueira, Rodrigo

; Martins, Flavio L.

; Mendes, Liana F.

; Rambelli, Gilson

; Sampaio, Claudio L.S.

; Segal, Barbara

; Aguiar, Aline A.

; Auler, Augusto S.

; Barroco-Neto, José

; Bonaldo, Roberta M.

; Buchmann, Francisco S.

; Calippo, Flavio

; Cesar, Augusto

; Gama, Matheus A.C.

; Ghilardi-Lopes, Natalia

; Leão, Zelinda M.A.N.

; Lessa, Guilherme C.

; Menegola, Carla

; Pinheiro, Hudson T.

; Rocha, Luiz A.

; Sabino, José

; Seoane, José C.S.

; Sestokas, Julia

; Tiago, Cláudio C.

; Wegner, Ewerton

; Lotufo, Tito

Ocean and Coastal Research

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2023, Volume 71 elocation e23045

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Scientific diving (SD) is defined as any diving activity that applies scientific procedures to produce subsidies for studies and technical works in underwater environments. The first report of an underwater scientific study in Brazil dates to the 19th century, in the Abrolhos reefs. Currently, in Brazil, scientific diving has been performed in various areas, from shallow coastal regions to remote and sometimes hard-to-reach places, such as oceanic islands, flooded caves, and icy areas like Antarctica. However, the regulation of SD in Brazil still lacks more concrete actions towards an effective and efficient self-regulation that offers physical safety to practitioners and institutional safeguards for organizations that use it in their research projects. Thus, this article aims to contribute to a better understanding of this critical issue in Brazil and to serve as a reference and incentive for the training of professionals and the development of these activities in the country. It includes: 1) a historical review of SD; 2) a diagnosis of the training and application of SD in Brazil; 3) the evolution of marine sciences in Brazil from the perspective of SD; 4) a review of the use of environmental assessment and underwater conservation techniques in oceans and internal waters; 5) an analysis of the evolution of scientific diver training in Brazil, including a diagnosis on training; 6) the history and updates of the rules, regulations, and safety of SD. Given all the potential of diving combined with specific techniques for research, monitoring, and marine and limnic science in Brazil, we aim to understand the evolution of scientific diving teaching and to outline perspectives in the country, as it is crucial for the training of qualified scientists capable of performing these underwater tasks. Finally, we present future plans for the development of this activity in Brazil from the point of view of research and the labor market.

https://doi.org/10.1590/2675-2824071.23036tsl

Bovine genital leptospirosis: Findings in bulls maintained in Caatinga biome conditions
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Barnabé, Nathanael N.C.

; Soares, Rafael R.

; Nogueira, Denise B.

; Araújo Júnior, João P.

; Malossi, Camila D.

; Costa, Diego F.

; Silva, Maria L.C.R.

; Higino, Severino S.S.

; Azevedo, Sérgio S.

; Alves, Clebert J.

Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira

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2023, Volume 43 elocation e07376

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

ABSTRACT: Leptospirosis is a disease that causes economic and social impact, as it affects wild and domestic animals and humans. There may be peculiarities in the epidemiology of this disease in the Caatinga biome, Brazil, where the environment is adverse and the etiologic agent, Leptospira spp., requires alternative transmission routes. Considering that in bovine leptospirosis the genital carrier is constantly neglected and the lack of reports on the role of bulls in the epidemiology of the bovine genital leptospirosis (BGL) syndrome, mainly in semiarid conditions such as Caatinga biome, this study aimed to investigate bulls maintained in Caatinga biome conditions as genital carriers of leptospires. Urinary tract (urine, bladder, and kidney) and reproductive tract (vas deferens, cauda epididymis, and vesicular gland) samples were collected from 42 slaughtered bulls. Microscopic agglutination test (MAT), polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and microbiological isolation were included as diagnostic methods. Anti-Leptospira spp. antibodies were found in 17 (40.48%) animals, while 26 animals (61.90%) had at least one organ or urine with leptospiral DNA, and 10 animals (23.81%) were positive at bacteriological culture. Sequenced samples targeting the LipL32 gene showed 99% similarity with Leptospira borgpetersenii. Molecular analysis of samples from the vas deferens and cauda epididymis is recommended for the diagnosis of genital leptospirosis in bulls and, if it is impossible to collect these tissues, semen can be used. In conclusion, this study provides important information relating to bulls from the Caatinga biome, Brazil, as carriers of genital leptospirosis. The results indicate that, even under adverse environmental conditions, leptospires may survive and propagate, mainly due to the characteristic of genital carriers for the sexually spreading of adapted Leptospira species without influence by external variables. Thus, prevention and control strategies for bovine leptospirosis need to include actions aimed at the genital carrier.

RESUMO: A leptospirose é uma doença que causa impacto econômico e social, pois afeta animais silvestres, domésticos e humanos. É possível que existam peculiaridades na epidemiologia desta doença no bioma Caatinga, Brasil, onde o ambiente é adverso e o agente etiológico, Leptospira spp., requer vias alternativas de transmissão. Considerando que na leptospirose bovina o portador genital é constantemente negligenciado e a falta de relatos sobre o papel dos touros na epidemiologia da síndrome da leptospirose genital bovina (BGL), principalmente em condições semiáridas como no bioma Caatinga, este estudo teve como objetivo investigar touros mantidos em condições do bioma Caatinga como portadores genitais de leptospiras. Amostras do trato urinário (urina, bexiga e rim) e do trato reprodutivo (ducto deferente, cauda do epidídimo e glândula vesicular) foram coletadas de 42 touros abatidos. Teste de soroaglutinação microscópica (SAM), reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) e isolamento microbiológico foram incluídos como métodos de diagnóstico. Anticorpos anti-Leptospira spp. foram encontrados em 17 (40,48%) animais, enquanto 26 animais (61,90%) apresentaram pelo menos um órgão ou urina com DNA leptospírico, e 10 animais (23,81%) foram positivos na cultura bacteriológica. As amostras sequenciadas a partir do gene LipL32 apresentaram 99% de similaridade com Leptospira borgpetersenii. Recomenda-se a análise molecular de amostras de ducto deferente e cauda do epidídimo para o diagnóstico de leptospirose genital em touros e, na impossibilidade da coleta desses tecidos, o sêmen pode ser utilizado. Em conclusão, este estudo fornece informações importantes sobre touros do bioma Caatinga, Brasil, como portadores de leptospirose genital. Os resultados indicam que, mesmo em condições ambientais adversas, as leptospiras podem sobreviver e se propagar, principalmente devido à característica de os portadores genitais disseminarem sexualmente espécies adaptadas de Leptospira sem influência de variáveis externas. Assim, as estratégias de prevenção e controle da leptospirose bovina precisam incluir ações voltadas para o portador genital.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-7376

10.

Spatial and Temporal analysis (2008-2017) of droughts and their effects on livestock in the Brazilian semi-arid region
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MORAIS, LEONARDO F.

; CAVALCANTE, ANA CLARA R.

; FURTADO, RAFAEL N.

; GORAYEB, ADRYANE

; AQUINO, DEODATO DO NASCIMENTO

; NOGUEIRA, FELIPE H. MEIRELES

; CÂNDIDO, MAGNO JOSÉ D.

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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2023, Volume 95 N. 3 elocation e20220890

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract In this study a temporal analysis (2008-2017) was conducted to examine the occurrence of droughts and the spatial distribution of livestock herds in the Brazilian semi-arid region. Maps of vegetation cover, classes of normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and normalized difference drought index (NDDI) were used. Image processing took place on the Google Earth Engine platform along with QGIS Software (2.18). Two historical series were created to compare the variation between two herds and the dry monitoring, one called the 1st series (2008-2012) and 2nd series (2013-2017) which were compared using a paired t-test. The comparative analysis showed that the classes of extreme drought and exceptional drought covered the greatest land areas in the 2nd series, while abnormal drought covered the greatest land area in the 1st series. The analysis of herds, a reduction in the cattle herd and an increase in goat and sheep herds were noted. This study considers the efficacy of NDDI and NDVI indices to monitor the distribution of droughts in the Brazilian semi-arid region. The geoprocess of Sidra data enabled an analysis of the spatial distribution and temporal variation of the herds in the semi-arid region and how drought may have impacted livestock dynamics.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202320220890

11.

Entropic analysis of human body’s longevity as a function of physical activity level bodys body s
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NOGUEIRA, INARA M.

; COSTA JR, ESLY F.

; COSTA, ANDRÉA O.S.

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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2023, Volume 95 Suppl. 1 elocation e20220657

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract The literature reveals the application of the laws of thermodynamics for predicting life span and the effects of the physical activity level on longevity. But the vastly simplified literature models seem to suggest a reduction in duration of life with increased activity level, which is the opposite of medical recommendations, that means that exercises increase the longevity. The main objectives of this paper are to re-present the previous model, check and confirm the previous results and improve the model by formulating a simplified phenomenological relation between life span, specific entropy generation of the body (SEG-life, in MJ/kg.K) and physical activity level. The model was validated considering different individuals. In this study, it is suggested that the principle of cumulative entropy generation limit should be relaxed in function of lifestyle and type of exercise performed during life, differently from what it is defined by the literature. So, it is proposed a relax to the limit on SEG-life as a result of various physical activity levels. longevity recommendations represent re present SEGlife, SEGlife SEG (SEG-life MJ/kg.K MJkgK MJ kg K individuals study So levels

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202320220657

12.

Is it safe to resume large scale in-person medical meetings?
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Gomes, Cristiano M.

; Souza, Julia Duarte de

; Anzolch, Karin M. J.

; Henriques, João Victor T.

; Nogueira, Lucas

; Pimentel, Eduardo

; Fernandes, Roni de C.

; Canalini, Alfredo F.

; Bessa Jr., José de

International braz j urol

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oct 2022, Volume 48 N. 5 Pages 857 - 863

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1677-5538.ibju.2022.0210

13.

GENETIC PARAMETERS AND DIVERSITY, AND CORRELATIONS IN ONION STRAINS
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SEGUNDO, VANESSA CLÁUDIA VASCONCELOS

; INNECCO, RENATO

; FREITAS, JOELSON ANDRÉ

; LIMA, EVELINE NOGUEIRA

; NOGUEIRA, ANA PAULA OLIVEIRA

; LUZ, JOSÉ MAGNO QUEIROZ

Revista Caatinga

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jun 2022, Volume 35 N. 2 Pages 352 - 362

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO Os programas de melhoramento vegetal têm investido no desenvolvimento de cebolas com alto padrão comercial e para tal dependem dos recursos genéticos disponíveis para a obtenção de híbridos comerciais. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar parâmetros genéticos, diversidade genética e as correlações fenotípicas e genotípicas de caracteres relacionados à produção de cebola. O experimento foi realizado em Uberlândia - Minas Gerais, Brasil. Foram avaliadas 53 linhagens de cebola. Foi utilizado o delineamento em blocos ao acaso. Foram avaliadas 13 características de planta e bulbo. As análises estatísticas foram realizadas no programa Genes e R. Observou-se a existência de variabilidade genética entre os genótipos para a maioria dos caracteres ao nível de 1% pelo teste F. A herdabilidade da maioria dos caracteres apresentou valores moderados a altos (≥ 70%) e relação CVg/CVe alta (≥1). O método UPGMA possibilitou separar os genótipos em 20 grupos e de forma semelhante o método de Tocher separou os mesmos em 19 grupos. Os grupos que mais se destacaram foram V, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XVIII, XIX e XX. Houve seis correlações fenotípicas significativas pelo teste t com grau de associação baixo a moderado, e as correlações genotípicas, em sua maioria, mostraram-se superiores às fenotípicas e apresentaram o mesmo sinal. A partir dos parâmetros genéticos estudados existe alta possibilidade de ganhos na seleção. Há ampla variabilidade genética para os caracteres estudados o que permitiu a separação de grupos de genitores divergentes. Adicionalmente, as correlações fenotípicas e genotípicas mostraram inviabilidade para seleção indireta.

ABSTRACT Plant breeding programs have been investing in the development of high commercial standard onions; thus, they depend on the genetic resources available for obtaining commercial hybrids. The objective of this study was to evaluate genetic parameters and diversity, and phenotypic and genotypic correlations of characters related to onion production. The experiment was conducted in Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Fifty-three onion strains were evaluated, and a randomized block design was used. The number of plant and bulb characteristics evaluated was 13. The statistical analyses were performed using Genes and R software. A genetic variability among the genotypes was found for most of the characters at 1% level of significance in the F test. The heritability of most characters presented moderate to high values (≥ 70%) and high CVg/CVe ratio (≥ 1). The UPGMA method separated the genotypes into 20 groups, while the Tocher method separated them into 19 groups. The groups that stood out were V, XIV, XV, XV, XVI, XVII, XVIII, XIX, and XX. The results of t-test showed six significant phenotypic correlations with low to moderate degree of association, and the genotypic correlations, in most cases, were higher than the phenotypic ones and showed the same sign. From the genetic parameters studied, the possibility of gains in the selection is high. The separation of groups of divergent genitors was possible due to the wide genetic variability for the studied characters. Moreover, the phenotypic and genotypic correlations showed that indirect selection is not feasible.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252022v35n211rc

14.

ASPECTOS QUÍMICOS DA BIOMINERALIZAÇÃO ÓSSEA
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Cruz, Marcos A.E.

; Ferreira, Claudio R.

; Nogueira, Lucas F. B.

; Andrilli, Luiz H.S.

; Santos, Ana Lara N. dos

; Macedo, Jeferson M. M.

; Veschi, Ekeveliny A.

; Favarin, Bruno Z.

; Sebinelli, Heitor G.

; Bolean, Mayte

; Ramos, Ana Paula

; Ciancaglini, Pietro

Química Nova

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may 2022, Volume 45 N. 5 Pages 578 - 593

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

The bone formation process is an example of how both time and nature acted harmonically to pave the path for life as we know. The unique association between calcium phosphate (CaP) and collagen in a single building block, gave rise to one of the most remarkable biomaterials that we know. Our aim in this revision is to provide a brief glance at the different organization levels of the bone tissue, by describing the main their main features. We start with a brief discussion regarding the thermodynamic conditions for mineral formation and how living organisms surpass them. Then we present collagen, the major organic component of bone, in the light of its hierarchical organization as well as its association to CaP crystals. The mechanisms that control both mineral formation and the association with the organic phase are further presented, in which cells and other components of the extracellular matrix, such as matrix vesicles and noncollagenous proteins, become agents of bone construction. Finally, we underline the difficulty of studying the complex process of bone mineralization and present liposomes, proteoliposomes, and Langmuir monolayers as biomimetic approaches to this end.

https://doi.org/10.21577/0100-4042.20170851

15.

Biomarkers in Source Rocks from Barreirinha Formation (Devonian): Distribution and Paleoenvironment Significance
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Silva, Andrenilton F.

; Barros, Artur L. C.

; Sousa, Alek A. C.

; Jarvie, Daniel M.

; Calderón, Sebastian M.

; Brito, Ailton S.

; Nogueira, Afonso C. R.

; Souza, Alexandre A. de

; Lima, Sidney G. de

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

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apr 2022, Volume 33 N. 4 Pages 369 - 383

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

The Barreirinha Formation-Upper Devonian, is the main petroleum source rock of the Amazon Basin, deposited during the great Devonian Transgression, contributing to significant accumulations of organic matter (OM) in anoxic conditions, which allowed its preservation. The present work had the objective of characterizing the molecular composition of biomarkers in outcrops samples of the Barreirinha Formation, aiming to evaluate the paleoenvironment, thermal evolution, and the preservation of OM total organic carbon (TOC) and Rock-Eval pyrolysis indicate considerable amounts of immature OM deposited in a low oxygenation environment. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) data corroborate that the OM was deposited in a suboxic to the oxic environment and low salinity (absence or low relative abundance of β-carotane and gammacerane). 24-N-Propyl-cholestane was detected and identified by synthetic pattern co-injection. High concentrations of tetracyclic polyprenoids (TPPs) in ascending order from base to top, high hopane/sterane ratios, to suggest that the samples had a high molecular weight n-alkanes, C29 steranes, low thermal evolution, and anoxic depositional paleoenvironment.

https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20210156

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